responsible procurement
DESCRIPTION
Introduction for SuppliersTRANSCRIPT
Responsible Procurement
at Maersk Group
Responsible Procurement Supplier Booklet 1 Introduction
Developed by Responsible Procurement Team, Maersk Group
Copyright Maersk Group
www.maersk.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,
recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior
permission in writing from Maersk Group.
Issue date: 15.05.2013
2
How to PRINT?
3
THE MAERSK GROUP
4
INTRODUCTION
As a supplier to the Maersk Group you have been selected for
inclusion into our Responsible Procurement Programme.
This manual has been designed to introduce you to Responsible
Procurement and assist you in implementing the Responsible
Procurement process within your organization.
We hope that you will find this document useful. If you
have any suggestions for improvement, please provide
your feedback at
The Maersk
Responsible Procurement
Team
5
LEGEND
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CONTENTS
Introduction
What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?
Some facts related to CSR
What is Responsible Procurement (RP)?
What are other companies thinking and doing regarding RP?
What is Responsible Procurement in Maersk?
Who is Involved?
What is the Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct?
How to Engage in Responsible Procurement?
Step 1 Setting Priorities: Using Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com
Step 2 Taking Action
The Responsible Procurement Contract Clause
Feedback from Suppliers
Violations of the Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct
Who do I contact for assistance?
References
5
10
12
13
14
18
19
20
22
24
27
41
42
43
44
45
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This manual consists of two parts which are
Part 1 Cor por ate Social Responsibi l ity (CSR) & Responsible Pr ocur ement (RP)
Part 2 I mplementing Responsible Pr ocur ement with M aer sk
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PART 1 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) & RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT (RP)
In this part, you will be introduced to:
• What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)?
• Some facts related to CSR
• What is Responsible Procurement (RP)?
• What are other companies thinking and doing regarding RP?
9
WHAT IS CSR?
C S R “
”
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability
is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
10
People Planet
Profit
People, planet, and profit are the three pillars of CSR and Sustainability.
A company's responsibility lies not only with making a profit and fostering
economic benefits, but also ensuring that its operations do not have a negative
impact on people or the planet. CSR is also taking care of its stakeholders: anyone
who is influenced, either directly or indirectly, by the actions of the company:
employees, suppliers, external communities.
11
2.3 million people die annually from
occupational accidents and diseases. A further 337 million workers a year are involved in accidents at work [1].
600,000 - 800,000 people are
trafficked across international borders annually [2].
It is estimated that the cost of corruption equals more
than 5% of global GDP, with more than
US$1.5 trillion paid in bribes each year [6].
In a 2009 survey of 729 senior executives from a variety of
companies around world, only 36% were very confident in
their company’s ability to deal with the supply chain corruption risk [7].
In 2013, 1100 people died died in
one garment factory collapse in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The factory was a supplier for major international fashion brand [3].
Every year, indoor air pollution is
responsible for the death of 1.6 million people [5].
SOME FACTS RELATED TO CSR
12
According to Anti-Slavery International, the world's oldest human rights organization, there are currently
over 20 million people in bondage [4].
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT (RP)?
By doing Responsible Procurement, the Procurement Department
integrates Sustainability in a more structured way into their traditional
three dimensions of focus: price, quality and time.
With Responsible Procurement, a company expands its requirements to
include responsible business practices in the areas of labour,
environment, human rights and anticorruption.
Enterprises are encouraged to engage in or support,
where appropriate, private or multi-stakeholder
initiatives and social dialogue on responsible supply
chain management.
OECD Guidelines for
Multinational Enterprises 2011
“
”
13
WHAT ARE OTHER COMPANIES THINKING & DOING REGARDING RP?
According to a survey conducted jointly by PWC and EcoVadis in 2011 [8],
92% of the surveyed Companies consider
Responsible Procurement a ‘Critical’ or
‘important’ initiative.
“
”
3 Key motivations to implement Responsible
Procurement are ‘Risk management’, ‘Cost
Reduction’ and ‘Value Creation’.
“
” 45% of companies have a dedicated team
for Responsible Procurement.
“
” 57% have trained a majority of procurement staff
on Sustainability.
“
”
67% of companies are implementing
dedicated tools for assessing their
suppliers’ Sustainability performance.
“
” 92% of the companies have increased (56%) or
maintained (36%) their budgets related to
Responsible Procurement.
“
” 14
WHAT ARE OTHER COMPANIES THINKING & DOING REGARDING RP?
Microsoft will ask a dozen of its suppliers to file
Sustainability Reports beginning in
2013. [9]
“
”
Ford looks to reduce carbon footprint in
supply chain. [10]
“ ”
IKEA has made commitments over the years towards
increasing the percentage of responsibly harvested
wood in their supply chain, with Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC) certified wood accounting for
approximately 25% of their supply, and plans to see
that rise to 35% in 2012[11]
“
”
H&M announced in September 2011 that it
is “greening” its supply chain and will
eliminate all harmful chemicals from
its products by 2020. [12]
“
” Nestlé has decided to work with the Fair Labor
Association (FLA) to investigate whether
children are working on cocoa farms
supplying its factories. It makes Nestlé the
first food company to partner with the Fair
Labor Association.[13]
“
”
McDonalds started serving sustainable fish in Europe in
Oct 2011. [14]
“ ” 15
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… and
PART 2 RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT IN MAERSK GROUP
In this part, you will learn
• What is Responsible Procurement at Maersk?
• What is the Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct?
• How to engage in the Responsible Procurement
Programme?
• What information do I need to provide?
• What actions do I need to take?
• Whose responsibility is it to set up and audit?
• How do I implement an improvement plan?
• What is the Responsible Procurement Contract Clause?
• What should I do in case of emergency?
• Whom do I contact for assistance regarding RP?
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WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT IN Maersk?
Our objective with Responsible Procurement is to
develop sustainable relationships and pursue
continuous improvements in our supply chain in a
close and critical dialogue with our suppliers. Thus, it
is not about terminating relationships.
Our Responsible Procurement Programme also
demonstrates our commitment to the United
Nations Global Compact (UNGC), a policy platform
and a practical framework for companies
committed to sustainability and responsible
business practices.
In Maersk we want to be a
profitable, responsible and
sustainable business. This is in
line with our values, and is
expected by our shareholders,
customers, employees and
society in general.
Nils S. Andersen
CEO of the
Maersk Group
“
”
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WHO IS INVOLVED?
You will be or have maybe already been informed by your contact
person in Maersk regarding Responsible Procurement. The contact
person will ask you to take some actions which will also be explained in
this manual.
If you are supplying various units/companies within the Maersk Group,
these units/companies will make an effort to align internally to ensure
that you do not receive multiple invitations for the Responsible
Procurement programme.
However, your effort within Responsible Procurement should of
course reflect all your activities with Maersk.
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WHAT IS The Maersk THIRD PARTY CODE OF CONDUCT?
In order to set consistent standards on human rights, labour, environment and anticorruption and
outline what we consider to be responsible business behavior, we have developed a Third Party
Code of Conduct. The Code addresses all partners* with whom the Maersk Group does business.
The Code is divided into a high level description of Maersk’s Responsible Procurement requirements
towards its partners, and a Guidelines & Best Practices Section where examples are given for each of
the elements in the Code.
The Maersk Code is based on:
• United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) principles on: • human rights • labour • environment • anticorruption
• Core conventions of the International labour Organisation (ILO)
• The Maersk Principles of Conduct
The International labour Organisation is the
organization responsible for promoting fair and
decent labor standards worldwide. It is the only
'tripartite' United Nations agency that brings
together representatives of governments,
employers and workers to jointly shape policies
and programmes promoting Decent Work for all.
This unique arrangement gives the ILO an edge in
incorporating 'real world' knowledge about
employment and work. For more details, visit
www.ilo.org *Customers are not included.
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The Code is an opening point for a critical and constructive dialogue with
our suppliers.
As a baseline we require our suppliers to acknowledge the Maersk Third
Party Code of Conduct. This is done when a supplier registers in
Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com. Please refer to page 24 for more
information on Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com. You may also
receive the Code directly from your contact person in Maersk.
United Nations Global Compact (UNGC)
In 2009, the Maersk Group signed up to the UNGC. In
2010, we were invited to join the LEAD group to achieve
higher levels of corporate sustainability. UNGC was
launched in 2000 to provide a policy platform and a
practical framework for companies that are committed
to sustainability and responsible business practices. It
is a multi-stakeholder initiative based on ten universally
accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour,
environment and anticorruption. The objective is to
ensure cooperation between suppliers and buyers, to
establish a baseline standard of business conduct and
to collaborate to improve the impact of business on
society and the environment around the world. For
more details visit www.unglobalcompact.org
Third Party Code of Conduct can be downloaded from Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com or at:
http://www.maersk.com/Sustainability/ResponsibleBusinessPractices/Pages/ResponsibleProcurement.aspx
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Setting Priority
Taking Action
The Responsible Procurement process has been divided into a two-
step approach: Setting Priorities and Taking Action. The process
will be described below.
As mentioned above you will be contacted by Maersk with
information regarding the Responsible Procurement Programme.
This information will include an invitation to register in our
Responsible Procurement online tool .
HOW TO ENGAGE IN RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT?
www.maerskresponsibleprocurement.com
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Registering yourself in the tool, however, is only part of the process.
We will also ask you for information on how you work with
Sustainability and Responsible Procurement and review your
performance. You may also be asked to fill out a Self-Assessment
Questionnaire or grant us permission to conduct an audit of your
practices.
Please note that Responsible Procurement is a long-term process.
Thus, we do not expect all our suppliers to meet the requirements in
our Third Party Code of Conduct immediately. We understand that
some issues may require time and resources.
However, we do expect our suppliers to commit themselves to
conduct business in an ethical, legal and socially responsible manner
and implement the standards in our Third Party Code of Conduct.
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Maersk buyer registers and invites supplier
1
Receive invitation for Responsible Procurement
2
2 You will receive an invitation for the
Responsible Procurement programme
via email.
In the email there is a link for you to
register in the Maersk Responsible
Procurement online tool
.
STEP 1 SETTING PRIORITIES: USING Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com
Q: Who should I contact if I have problems with registering?
A: You can contact the system support by sending an email to
Please remember to mention the name of the buyer who sent you the invitation.
www.maerskresponsibleprocurement.com
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Enter information
4
Register in Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com
3
Q: How can I determine whether Maersk is critical to my business?
A: Maersk is critical to a supplier’s business if:
• The current and proposed business volume with Maersk exceeds 30% of the revenues.
• The loss of business will potentially disrupt operations.
• The loss of business will have severe cost consequences for the supplier.
• Does the supplier’s business model build on
Maersk Technology or know-how?
Once registered, you will automatically be
directed to the main Dashboard where you have
to provide or confirm information under the
‘Required Actions Tab’ as follows:
• Personal details
• Company details
• Supplier Registration Questionnaire:
o Is the product or service to be provided to
Maersk customised or branded?
o Do you consider Maersk critical to your
business?
o In which country/countries are products or
services for Maersk produced?
o Read and acknowledge the
Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct
• Third Party Code of Conduct Scorecard
4
Q: My colleague also wants to register in Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com to help me managing Responsible Procurement. How can he get registered?
A: Once you are registered through the link in the invitation, click ‘Admin’ ‘My Company’ ‘Create User’. Here you can invite your colleagues to the system.
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Step 4 will be about your registration. Completing this step correctly is very
important for all the subsequent steps.
Please make sure you enter all correct and updated information for the
following areas:
• Personal details
• Company details
• Supplier Registration Questionnaire
Please fill in the
• Third Party Code of Conduct Scorecard
according to the instructions in the document and upload all mentioned and
relevant CSR documentation to support the Scorecard. If not uploaded
correctly, this may delay the completion of the process.
Policies and documents you will need to upload are for example:
o health and safety Policy and management system
o environmental Policy and procedures
o policies on employment, compensation, workplace conditions
o anticorruption Policy and procedures
o certificates (i.e. ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001)
Entering INFORMATION IN THE SYSTEM
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Verify and approve
5
• We will verify that the
information entered by
you is accurate.
5 • Based on the information provided by both you and
us, the tool will assign a priority to the supplier. The
three possible priorities are: “No Action”, “Clarify”, and
“Action”.
Please refer to page 28 for more information on the
different priorities.
6
Supplier Prioritization
6 No Action
Clarify
Action
Q: In the contact details, do I need to provide the details of the Head Office or the individual locations servicing/manufacturing for Maersk?
A: In the company details tab you need to provide the details of the Head Office if you have more than one manufacturing location.
27
STEP 2 TAKING ACTION
When you have been assigned the priority of either “No Action”,
“Clarify” or “Action”, we will follow up with you and take the
necessary actions.
The steps to be taken for each priority will be explained in details on
the following page.
Setting Priority
Taking Action
No Action
Clarify
Action
28
Action: Business practices of the suppliers categorised as
“Action” will have the most impact on our business and
may pose a business risk to our activities. Therefore further
actions are required. However, "Action" does not mean that
the supplier has poor CSR performance.
Clarify: For suppliers categorised as “Clarify” we need to ask
you for further information and documentation on your
CSR activities and business practices.
The initial follow up actions for suppliers with priorities
“Action” and “Clarify” priority categories are the same: we
will initiate a dialogue about your current CSR practices.
However, the subsequent steps are different. This will be
explained on page 29.
No Action: No action is required for the moment. However,
as a supplier to Maersk and as stated in our Third Party
Code of Conduct we expect you to keep improving within
the areas covered by our Code. However, as conditions may
change, Maersk may ask you to go through an assessment
again at a later stage.
No Action
Action
Clarify
29
Have a dialogue with Maersk
7
At this stage, you have registered in Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com,
acknowledged the Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct and been
assigned a priority. Next step is to have a dialogue with Maersk about the
priority and the actions to be taken.
Q: What does ‘Action’ / ‘Clarify’ mean?
A: ‘Action’/’Clarify’ is the priority assigned to you as a supplier based on the information provided by both you and Maersk. It means that we need to ask you for further information on your CSR activities and responsible business practices in order to evaluate what actions we need to take to obtain continuous improvements in our supply chain.
Q: I know that we have a better reputation than some other suppliers you use. Why do you not start Responsible Procurement with them?
A: In the RP programme we prioritise suppliers based on spend and activities. As you are one of our important suppliers, we have selected you for inclusion in the programme. We will, of course, also work with other suppliers.
Q: Will you terminate the relationship with us if we do not meet the requirements of the Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct?
A: The objective of RP is development, not punishment. However, in cases of repeated violation of the Code and/or supplier’s refusal to collaborate with Maersk in implementing or developing improvement plans Maersk reserves the right to terminate the relationship with the supplier.
30
CSR documentation should have been duly uploaded during Step 4,
together with the Third Party Code of Conduct Scorecard.
During this step, you may want to share or be requested by your
contact person additional information and documentation on your
CSR practices. The documents could include Policies, Procedures, a
CSR report, a Sustainability report, your Code of Conduct or audit
reports showing your responsible business practices.
If you not have any documentation, skip Step 8 and go to next step
instead.
Does the supplier have CSR report / programme and is
willing to share information?
Share your CSR report / programme with Maersk
8
No
Yes
10
9 If “Clarify”
If “Action”
31
Q: I have been prioritized as “Action” / “Clarify”. What should I do ?
A: Please send me policies and documentation regarding CSR practices, and your CSR report or Sustainability report, if available. We will need these documents order to evaluate if you are aligned with our Third Party Code of Conduct.
Q: What do you mean by documentation?
A: Documents containing information on your practices and how they link to our Third Party Code of Conduct. It could for instance be documentation on how you manage anticorruption, your human resources policies guaranteeing good labor conditions for your employees, certifications (i.e. ISO for environment) or documents showing that you are following an international social standard like BSCI, ETI, SEDEX, ETI. You can also share recent audit reports in the areas of health and safety, CSR, or environment .
Q: We need some time to collect all the documents. What is the deadline for this?
A: Please submit the documents within three weeks.
32
If the documents show that you are aligned with the Maersk Third Party Code of
Conduct, we will inform you accordingly, and no further action is required.
If the documents are not sufficient to evaluate whether you are aligned with the
Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct, the following steps will apply:
Suppliers with priority Clarify will be asked to fill out a Self-Assessment
Questionnaire.
Suppliers with priority Action: Usually, these suppliers should not fill in the
Self-Assessment Questionnaire. Instead, an onsite audit is the preferred
way of obtaining more information about your practices.
Does the information
show that your company is
aligned with the Code?
If YES:
If NO:
Yes
Verified Supplier
No
33
The Self-Assessment Questionnaire has been designed to gain a better
understanding of your business practices. It may also assist both you and us in
identifying potential gaps that should be improved. The questionnaire
addresses labour rights, health and safety issues, business ethics and
environment.
Please return the questionnaire and supporting documents within 3 weeks.
Upon receipt, Maersk will review the answers through an external service
provider.
Self Assessment Questionnaire
Answer the Self-Assessment Questionnaire within 3 weeks
8
34
Do we need more
information and/or
clarifications?
Yes
If the review of the questionnaire indicates that we need to take additional
actions, we will continue with step 10: Arrange for an audit.
If the answers in the questionnaire do not require any clarifications or
indicate any issues, no further action is required.
If YES:
If NO:
Verified Supplier
No
35
Q: Who will be paying for the SAQ or the audit?
A: An audit initiated by Maersk will also be paid by Maersk, unless agreed otherwise. If you want to proceed with your own audit, you must obtain approval by Maersk, share all the audit findings and also bear the cost of the audit.
Q: What areas will the auditors look into?
A: The audit will be conducted according to the Maersk Social Commitment Checklist that covers the same areas as our Third Party Code of Conduct.
Arrange for Audit / Follow up on Improvement Plans
10.1
If an onsite audit is required, we will contact you
to agree on when the audit should take place. The
audit will be performed by an external audit
company approved by Maersk. The audit
company will contact you in due time before the
audit to agree on the details and provide you with
information on what documents they will need to
verify during the audit.
36
Does the audit highlight any findings that
need corrections / improvements?
No
Yes
An audit is a process where the conditions and practices at a company’s facility are examined onsite in order to evaluate performance against the local legislation as well as our Third Party Code of Conduct. The audit is performed by professional auditors from internationally recognized independent audit companies.
During the audit the auditors will engage with both managers and employees in the facility. However, the auditors will try to avoid disturbing the routines and the production at the facility.
At the end of the audit the auditors will summarize the findings and obtain the management’s signature on a Finding Summary together with suggested corrective actions and deadlines for correcting findings if applicable.
Verified Supplier
37
Opening Meeting
1
Management inter views
2
W alkthr ough
3
Pr ivate employee inter views
4
Document r eview
5
Closing Meeting
6
A typical audit schedule:
Q: Do you accept audit reports from other customers, to avoid redundant audits?
A: Audit reports from other customers with similar standards as Maersk can certainly be used, and should be provided at Step 4.
Q: Is the audit going to take up much of my time?
A: The audit normally takes around two days, depending on the size of the facility, but the auditors will not need your assistance all the time and they will do their best not to disturb the activities. Also, you can share the information with your other customers afterwards.
Q: What will happen during the audit?
A: On page 37,you find an overview of the audit process. The audit will consist of management interviews, employee interviews, a facility tour and documentation reviews and will cover the areas in our Third Party Code of Conduct. Please note that during the audit the auditors should be given full access to the facility and documentation as well as be allowed to interview employees.
Q: What should we do after the audit?
A: A mutually agreed improvement plan should be put in place. This will contain strict progress measurement and follow-up activities to ensure effective implementation of corrective actions.
38
Establish improvement plan with milestones and deadlines and obtain buyer’s approval within 3 weeks after audit
10.2
If the audit highlights that improvements must be made, you need
to create an improvement plan with milestones and deadlines.
Please send the improvement plan to Maersk for review and
approval. Once the plan is approved you need to implement it within
the agreed time frame. Maersk will monitor and track progress on
these improvements.
You must send us your improvement plan within 3 weeks after the
audit has been finalized.
39
Monitor progress on improvement plan (3-9 months depending on issues)
10.3
Do Improvements
need to be verified
through onsite audit?
Arrange for follow up audit
10.4
Do Improvements
need to be verified through
document review?
Arrange for document review
10.5
Verify improvements
10.6
Have Improvements
been successfully implemented
and integrated?
Yes Yes
No No
No
10.2
Verified Supplier
Yes
40
Following up on Improvement Plans
Once the improvements have been completed, we will verify the implementation of these
either by asking you to provide documentary evidence or by conducting an onsite follow-up
audit at the facility. This will be decided on a case-by-case basis and communicated to you
by Maersk.
If the improvements have been successfully implemented no further actions will be required
at this stage although we expect you to keep meeting the standards of our Third Party Code
of Conduct.
If gaps still exist you must develop another Improvement Plan that needs to be
implemented and the process above will be repeated.
41
The Responsible Procurement Contract Clause has been created to
ensure that our suppliers are legally aligned with our Third Party Code
of Conduct and adheres to our standards for responsible business
practices. The clause will be included in all new as well as existing
contracts with our suppliers.
Existing contracts can be modified by including the RP clause while
the same will be incorporated in all new contracts.
THE RESPONSIBLE PROCUREMENT CONTRACT CLAUSE
The RP Contract Clause:
• Commits the supplier to comply with applicable laws and regulations and to implement the
Maersk Third Party Code of Conduct
• Reserve the right for Maersk to audit the supplier, also on an unannounced basis
• Request the supplier to present an improvement plan and correct any issues that may be discovered
• Reserve the right for Maersk to terminate the contract in case of severe or repeated violations of the Code
42
Through the whole process of Responsible Procurement, it is
important that you provide your feedback to us.
You may face challenges when improving your business practices. It
is important that you are able to communicate these challenges to
us and feel confident doing so. Once we understand what the
challenges are, we can work towards improvements.
FEEDBACK FROM SUPPLIERS
43
VIOLATIONS OF THE MAERSK THIRD PARTY CODE OF CONDUCT
44
As stated both in the Third Party Code of Conduct and the RP
Contract Clause, Maersk reserves the right for Maersk to terminate
the contract in case of critical or repeated violations of the Code
and refuse to collaborate with Maersk in implementing
improvement plans.
However, this must be used as the ultimate and last mean of
remediation since the essence of the Responsible Procurement
programme is to strive for continuous improvements within our
supply chain through collaboration with our suppliers.
You can contact the RP support desk in case of any issues pertaining to
Maerskresponsibleprocurement.com by sending an email to:
For other questions please direct your enquiry to your contact person in
Maersk who will assist you.
WHO DO I CONTACT FOR ASSISTANCE?
45
REFER ENCESS
[1] ILO, 30 November 2010, Improving safety and health at work through a Decent Work agenda: Project
outline, http://www.ilo.org/safework/projects/lang--en/docName--WCMS_149464/index.htm Ibid.
[2] http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/category/the-facts/the-number/
[3] http://www.guardian.co.uk/sustainable-business/dhaka-factory-collapse-businesses-held-responsible
[4] http://www.infoplease.com/spot/slavery1.html#ixzz1hvaWJbFT
[5] WHO. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/
[6] UNGC. June 2010. Fighting Corruption in the Supply Chain: A Guide for Customers and Suppliers, p.12.
[7] Koll 2009/2010 Global Fraud Report, p.5-6.
[8] http://www.ecovadis.com/website/l-en/webinars-whitepapers.EcoVadis-13.aspx
[9] http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2011/10/17/microsoft-tests-out-mandatory-supplier-sustainability-
reporting
[10] http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-13746_7-20118783-48/ford-looks-to-reduce-carbon-footprint-in-
supply-chain/
[11] http://www.isealalliance.org/news/spotlight-on-ikea-commitments-to-and-challenges-of-responsible-
procurement
[12] http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/09/hm-detoxes-supply-chain/
[13] http://www.nestle.com/Media/NewsAndFeatures/Pages/Fair_labour_Association.aspx
[14] http://www.procurementleaders.com/news/latestnews/2402-sustainable-fish-in-europe/
46
