respiratory system2
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Respiratory System6th Grade Science
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I. Function
A. Take in oxygen from airB. Remove carbon dioxideC. Provides Energy for all cellsD. SmellE. Water balanceF. Communication
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II. Air Exchange
A. Inhaled Air1. Nitrogen 78%2. Oxygen 21%3. Carbon Dioxide 0.03%
B. Exhaled Air1. Nitrogen 78%2. Oxygen 16%3. Carbon Dioxide 4%
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III. Pathway
A. Nose1. Hairs and mucus – Clean Air2. Nasal Membranes – Warm and moisten Air3. Sinuses – Air chambers
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B. Uvula
1. Close off nose during swallowing
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C. Pharynx
1. Throati. Shared with dig.
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D. Larynx
1. Allows speech (vocal cords control)
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E. Trachea
1. Wrapped in cartilage ring to keep open2. Cilia to sweep stuff out of lungs
i. Bring up to pharynx for swallowingii. Contract violently if irritated – sneeze
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F. Bronchi
1. Branches into each lung2. Continued until reached end
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G. Alveoli
1. Tiny sacs for gas exchangei. Oxygen into bloodii. Carbon dioxide into alveoli
2. Numbers – 300 million3. Area – 7 meters2
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IV. Breathing
A. Two step process1. Inhalation
i. Ribs move outii. Diaphragm pulls down
2. Exhalationi. Ribs relaxii. Diaphragm relaxiii. Pull in intestines
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V. Speech
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VI. Damage and Disease
A. Smoking1. ~1,100 deaths every day2. 4,000 different chemicals
i. Tar – Chemicals that coat airwaysii. Carbon Monoxide – Replaces oxygen in bloodiii. Nicotine – Addictive stimulant
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B. Asthma
1. Blocking of airways inappropriately1. Inhalers used to relax muscles
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C. Bronchitis
1. Blocking of airways from pollution
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E. Emphysema
1. Lung damage – No gas exchange
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F. Lung Cancer
1. 400 people each day2. 53 cancer chemicals in cigarettes
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G. Atherosclerosis
1. Tar chemicals harden arteriesi. Smokers have twice as many heart attacks