respiratory system. the process of respiration respiration includes the following processes: 1.)...
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Respiratory System
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The Process of Respiration
• Respiration includes the following processes: • 1.) Ventilation, which moves air into and out
of the lungs • 2.) Gas exchange between the air in the
lungs and the blood • 3.) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
the blood • 4.) Gas exchange between blood and the
tissues
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Functions of the Respiratory System
1.) Gas exchange
2.) Regulation of blood pH
3.) Voice production
4.) Olfaction
5.) Innate Immunity
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Anatomy of the Respiratory Systems
• Structures we will be looking at: • Nose and naval cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs
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Divisions of the Respiratory System
• The Respiratory system is divided up into two divisions • Upper Respiratory Tract: Nose, Naval
cavity, pharynx• Lower Respiratory Tract: Larynx, trachea,
bronchi, lungs
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Nose and Naval Cavity
• The nose is the visible structure that protrudes from the face. It is mostly composed of cartilage
• The Nasal Cavity extends from the nares to the choana.
• Nare: External openings of the nose (Nostrils)
• Choana: Openings into the pharynx
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More of the Nasal Cavity
• Nasal Septum: A partition that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
• Hard palate: Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
• Conchae: Three bony ridges present in the naval cavity, responsible for increasing the surface area.
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Pharynx
• Pharynx (throat): Is the common passageway of the respiratory system and digestive system
• Functions of the Pharynx: • Swallowing: Contraction of the pharynx is
controlled by swallowing.
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Divisions of the Pharynx
• Divisions of the Pharynx: 1.) Nasopharynx
2.) oropharynx
3.) larygopharynx
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Larynx
• Larynx: Composed of cartilages and soft tissues which are connected by muscle and ligaments.
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3 Unpaired Cartilages
• Thryoid Cartilage: Largest cartilage
• Crcioid Cartilage: Forms the base of the larynx where other cartilages rest
• Epiglottis: Consists of elastic cartilage rather than (hyaline cartilage) • A flap that helps prevent swallowed materials
from entering the larynx
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Vocal Cords
• Ligaments that make up the Vocal Cords 1.) Vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
-When they come together air cannot leave or enter lungs
2.) Vocal folds (true vocal cords)
-Primary source of voice production
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Trachea
• Trachea: 5in long windpipe, lies anterior to the esophagus.
• Composed of 16-20 C shaped cartilages. • Responsible for protection, support, and
expelling foreign materials by altering the diameter of the trachea.
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Bronchi
• The trachea divides up into the two branches • Left and Right primary bronchi (bronchus)
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Lungs
• Lung: major organ involved in respiration, cone shaped with its base resting on diaphragm.
• Lobes of the Lungs (Left has 2 lobes, right has 3 lobes) • Superior Lobe • Inferior Lobe • Middle Lobe (Only the Right lung)
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Pathway Inside the Lungs
• TracheaHilumPrimary bronchusSecondary bronchus Tertuary bronchusbronchiolesTerminal bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveoli
• Alveolar ducts: cluster of small alveoli
• Alveoli: small air sacs
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Pathway Inside the Lungs
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