RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

When we hear the word RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, What comes up in our mind ???

- The main function of the respiratory system is gas exchange.- Place other important role in the body.- It helps regulate the balance of acid and base tissues, A process for crucial for the normal functioning of the cells.- It protect against disease-causing organisms.

- Respiration (external, internal, and cellular). - Production of sound (vocal cords).- Pulmonary ventilation.- Inspiration (intercostal muscles lift ribs outward, sternum rises and the diaphragm contracts and moves downward- this increases the volume of the lungs and the air rushes in).

The Respiratory System (or ventilatory system) is the biological system that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INCLUDES ORGANS SUCH AS:

- Nasal Passages- Epiglottis- Pharynx- Larynx- Trachea- Lungs- Bronchial Tubes- Bronchioles- Alveoli

Respiratory System Diagram

Nasal Passages: A channel for airflow through the nose. The walls of the nasal passages are coated with respiratory mucous membranes, which contain innumerable tiny hair-like cells that move waves of mucus toward the throat. Epiglottis: When food is swallowed, this closes over the opening to the larynx, preventing food from entering the lungs.Pharynx: Throat. Common passageway for air and food. Larynx : Voice box. Triangular chamber below pharynx. "Adam's Apple".

Lungs: are made up of the spongy tissues covered with an epithelium known as pleura, and are situated in the chest cavity.Trachea: Windpipe. 4.5" long. Walls are alternate bands of membrane and c-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep it open. Lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous. Bronchial tubes: Cartilaginous plates (instead of c-shaped rings of trachea).

Bronchioles: Thinner walls of smooth muscle, lined with ciliated epithelium. Subdivision of bronchi. At the end, alveolar duct and cluster of alveoli. Alveoli : Composed of single layer of epithelial tissue. Inner surfaces covered with surfactant to keep from collapsing. Each surrounded by capillaries. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place between these and capillaries.