respiratory system
DESCRIPTION
Respiratory systemTRANSCRIPT
WELCOME
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Lower respiratory tractIt includes :A. Trachea,B. Lungs,C. Bronchi.
Respiratory tract
TRACHEAStructures associated with the trachea:Superiorly : the larynx. Inferiorly :the right & left bronchi.Anteriorly :Isthmus of Thyroid gland & the
arch of the aorta & the sternum.
Posteriorly :the esophagus separates the trachea from the vertebral column.
Laterally :the lungs
STRUCTURE OF THE TRACHEAIt is composed of 3 layers of tissues & held
by between 16-20 incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage.
Rings are incomplete posteriorly.Connective tissues & involuntary muscle
join the cartilages & form the posterior wall which is in contact with the esophagus.
Three layers of tissue:I. The outer layer : consists of fibrous &
elastic tissue & encloses the cartilages.II. The middle layer :consists of bands
of smooth muscles in a helical manner. There is some areolar tissue.
III. The inner lining :consists of ciliated columnar epithelium, containing mucus secreting Goblet cells.
LUNGSThere are 2 lungs, each lying on each side
of the midline in the thoracic cavity.They have-o Apex,o Base,o Costal surface,o Medial surface- Hilum at 5th, 6th, 7th thoracic
vertebrae.• The area between the lungs: Mediastinum.• Lobes of the right & left Lungs.
PLEURA & PLEURAL CAVITY:Pleura consists of a closed sac of serous
membrane which contains a small amount of serous fluid.
Each lung is pushed into this sac so that 2 layers are formed:
a. One adherent to the lungs -visceralb. Another adherent to the wall of the
thoracic cavity-parietal
Inside the lungs..Bronchi & bronchioles: Two primary bronchi are formed when trachea
divides at the level of 5th thoracic vertebra.The right bronchus:- wider, shorter & more vertical than the left
one.- Approx 2.5 cmThe left bronchus:- About 5cm long- Narrower.
BRONCHIAL TREEThe bronchi divide as follows:Bronchi bronchioles
terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts alveoli.
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