respi cd caused by bacteria

8/19/2019 Respi CD Caused by Bacteria

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….. Caused by Bacteria

DISEASES ACQUIRED THROUGH THE

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


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A chronic , subacute or acute diseasethat ost coon!" a#ects the

res$irator" s"ste, usua!!" the!un%s, but a" in&o!&e $arts o' others"ste such as the !"$hatics,oseous uro%enita!, ner&ous and%astrointestina!(

S"non") consumption; phthisis


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Infectious agent

Mycobacterium tuberculosis* anor%anis that u!ti$!ies s!o+!" and

are characteried as acid* 'astaerobic or%anis, +hich ca be -i!!edb" heat, sunshine, dr"in% andu!tra&io!et !i%ht(

Sputum o' the $erson +ith T. is theost common source o' theor%anis(


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Incubation period

/ro 0 to 12 +ee-sETIOO!"#Po&ert"3 o&ercro+ded hoesEner%"3 $rotein undernutritionDe4ciencies in 5it A, D an d CDebi!itation to intercurrent in'ections

$re&a!ent aon% the $oor decreaseresistance a%ainst in'ection

Chi!dren be!o+ 6 "ears o!d(Ci%arette so-in%


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Mode of transmission

An airborne in'ection transitted b"dro$!et nuc!ei 7cou%hin%, sneein%,

or sin%in%8T$o $ays an organism gain access

to the body# Inhalation ingestion


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%&T'O!E(ESIS O)

T*BE+C*OSIS….


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+is, )actors for&cti-ation of TB

9ith initia! in'ectionC!ose contact

7:8 PPD test;o+ered resistance due to

a!coho!is, edication thera$" orother under!"in% disease condition

E!der!"


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Clinical Manifestations

%+IM&+" I()ECTIO(Chan%e o' beha&ior

Eas" 'ati%abi!it"A!ertness to a$ath" Irritabi!it"

/!eetin% in'ection o' the res$irator"or GIT

Cre$itant ra!es


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%OST%+IM&+"%+O!+ESSI/E%+IM&+"

5isib!" i!!Cou%h that %radua!!" becoes

distressin%Abnora! $h"sica! si%nsAbnora! breath soundsHeo$t"sis 7rare case8


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C'+O(IC %*MO(&+"TB

S"STEMIC SI!(S 0 S"M%TOMSGenera! a!aise, anorei%ht s+eat;oss o' +ei%ht


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%*MO(&+" SI!(SCou%h

/ine cre$itant ra!esHeo$t"sis and chest $ainP!eura! $ain*** $!euris" +ith e#usiond"s$nea


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E1trapulmonary TB

M"cobacteriu can in'ect an" or%anin the bod" 7$!eurae, !"$h nodes,

%enito* urinar", bones, ?oint,$eritoneu and C>S8E(%( $ott@s disease* T. o' the bone


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MET'O2S O) %'"SIC&E3&MI(&TIO(

Ins$ection

Pa!$ation

Auscu!tation


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2I&!(OSIS O) T'E2ISE&SE

'istory%hysical e1amination

2iagnostic e1amination Roent%eno%ra$h" 7*RAY8

.ronchosco$" B broncho%ra$h"

.acterio!o%" ieh! >ee!sen Method

Histo$atho!o%"

Heato!o%"


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T*BE+C*I( TEST


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4. M&(TO*3 TEST

A tubercu!in test consists o'intradera! in?ection o' a $uri4ed

$rotein deri&ati&e/ored +hee! easures 6 to

in diaeter The test shou!d read F*0 hours

!aterResu!t) 12 or ore* 7:8

6* * cross reaction


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5. %&TC' /O( %+O6*ETTEST

A s-in test identi'"in% a!!er%ens,es$ecia!!" those causin% contact

deratitis0F to F hoursPositi&e reaction* the s-in under the

sus$ected $atch is red or s+o!!enand the contro! area is not red ors+o!!en


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7. 'E&) M*TI%E %*(CT*+ES+EE(I(! TEST

Introduces tubercu!in into the s-ineither b" $uncture +ith a de&ice

coated +ith dried tubercu!in or$uncturin% throu%h a 4! o' !iJuidtubercu!in

F*0 hours


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COM%IC&TIO(S

.ronchia! and trachea! u!cerations Tubercu!ous !ar"n%itisP!euris"* in8ammation of the pleura Dr" $!euris"

9et $!euris"S$ontaneous and accidenta! $neuothora<.ronchiectasis Intestina! tubercu!osisMi!iar" dessiination* dissemination of tiny si9ed

lesions


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T+E&TME(T

Isoniaid 7I>H8

Ri'a$icin 7RMP8

Ethabuto! 7EM.8

P"rainaide 7PA8

Stre$to"cin 7 STM8


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(*+SI(! C&+E

Iso!ation T. Education Pro%ra 'or the $atientProote Co'ort

Proote S-in careOra! h"%ieneE!iination $ro$er DietPs"cho!o%ica! care 'o!!o+ edications thera$"Monitor te$erature

9ei%ht onitorin%


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ME(I(!OCOCC&

I()ECTIO(S


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4. &C*TEME(I(COCOCCEMI&Usua!!" starts as naso$har"n%itis

'o!!o+ed b" sudden onset o' hi%h'e&er, +ith chi!!s, nausea, &oitin%,

a!aise and headachePetechia!, $ar$uric, ecch"otic

heorrha%es scattered a!! o&er the

entire bod" sur'ace:&TE+'O*SE )+IE2+IC'SE(

S"(2+OME is the ra$id

de&e!o$ent o' the $etechia to


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5. ME(I(!OCOCC&ME(I(!ITIS

Ma" be ushered b" a short$redroa! $eriod but o'ten is sudden

in onset and a$$ears to coincide +iththe 4rst s"$tos o' in'ection

Sudden onset o' hi%h 'e&er,con&u!sions, nausea, &oitin% andintense headache

De!iriu, stu$or and coa in ore


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$etechiaK! or $ur$uric rashesSi%ns o' increased ICP

.u!%in% 'ontane! in in'ant %ositi-e Mace$en sign*he!$s to

dia%nose h"droce$ha!us and brainabscess

Cho-ed disc* s+e!!in% o' the o$tic ner&e


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Meningeal irritation….

Sti# nec- 7 nucha! ri%idit"8

O$istothonus

Lerni%@s si%n

.rudins-i@s si%n


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ME2IC&TIO(

Ri'a$icinM"noc"c!ine

Menin%ococca! $o!"saccharide&accine

Penici!!inch!ora$henico!


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(ursing Inter-ention

Patient sa'et"Mana%eent o' under!"in%

s"$tosShoc- $recaution* %radua! decreasein te$erature is i$erati&e


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7. Bacterial Meningitides

Is an in=aation o' the enin%esor co&erin% o' the brain

An acute in'ectious disease causedb" a s$eci4c or%anis +hich in&adesthe b!ood strea and is carriedthereb" to the enin%es +here itsets u$ a $uru!ent in=aation


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Causati-e agents..

>eisseria enin%itidisHaeo$hi!us in=uena

Stre$tococcus $neuoniae


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Incubation period

5ariab!e the e


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." res$irator" dro$!ets &ia $assa%ethrou%h the naso$har"n%ea! ucosa

% i d f


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%eriod ofCommunicability

0F hours a'ter the start o' e#ecti&eantibiotic thera$"


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%&T'O%'"SIO!"

2irectin-ol-ement ofblood -essels

Septic thrombolicemboli

Bacteremia

2irect contact or

droplet infection

Coloni9ation ofnasopharyn1

ME(I(!ES


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Clinical manifestation

/e&erRa$id $u!seKres$irator" arr"thiasH"$eresthesia o' the s-in* increase

sensiti-ity to stimuli

Soreness o' the s-in and usc!esCon&u!sion3 seiure

S"$tos and si%ns o' increasedintracrania! $ressureSi%ns o' enin%ea! irritationSi%ns o' $"raida! tract in&o!&eent


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Si%n o' &asootor instabi!it" 7tachecerebra!e8* a congested strea, producedby dra$ing the nail across the s,in

Crania! ner&e $a!sies* a form of palsyin-ol-ing one or more of the cranial ner-es.

Petechiae

/oca! cerebra! si%nsEnce$ha!itis ani'estations7dro+siness*!ethar%"* coa

Sudden con'usion

2I&!(OSTIC


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2I&!(OSTIC%+OCE2*+ES

1. umbar puncture* insertion o' aneed!e into the !ubar subarachnoid

s$ace and +ithdra+a! o' CS/ 'ordia%nostic thera$eutic $ur$ose


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0( %ra* stainin% o' CS/( .!ood e


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Complications

Subdura! e#usion or e$"eaH"droce$ha!usDr" ta$*(ot being able to collect a sample of the

8uid

Persistent &oitin%Dea'ness and tota! b!indness in one or

both e"esOcu!ar conditionsDea'* utisOtitis edia and astoiditis


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P"o%enic arhritisEndocarditis, $ericarditis and "ocarditis.ronchitis and $neuoniaC"stitis5entricu!itis* in8ammation of the brain

-entricles.

Motor !ossPersona!it" chan%esCon&u!sionsShoc- in enin%ococca! enin%itis


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T+E&TME(T

A$ici!!inChora$henico!

Cobination o' $enici!!in,ch!ora$henico! and su!'onaidePenici!!in in assi&e doses 7dru% o'

choice 'or enin%ococceia8Reduction o' intracrania! $ressureA.G deterinationsSu$$orti&e =uid re$!aceent


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Intra&enous dru% thera$"Andrenocorticosteriods endoto


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(ursing inter-entions

Pre&ent the occurrence o' 'urtherco$!ications

Maintain nora! aount o' =uid ande!ectro!"te ba!ancePre&ent the s$read o' the diseasePre&ent stress $ro&o-in% 'actorMaintain $ersona! h"%iene and

c!ean!inessMaintain $ro$er e!iination o' +aste

$roduct o' etabo!is


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>utritiona! inta-eMonitorin% $rocedures

Encoura%e !ibera! =uid inta-e.e on constant a!ert 'orco$!ications


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2I%T'E+I&


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An acute bacteria! disease that canin'ect the bod" in t+o areasK the

throat 7res$irator" di$theria8 and thes-in 7s-in or cutaneous di$theria8


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Etiologic &gent

Cor"nebacteriu di$theria 7L!ebs*;oNer .aci!!us8


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Incubation period

A'ter bein% e


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%eriod ofCommunicability

It &aries( It is ore than t+o to 'our+ee-s in untreated $atients or one

to t+o da"s in treated $atients


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Source of infection

In'ection in soe 'ro dischar%es o'the nose, $har"n


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Mode of Transmission

Transitted throu%h contact +ith a$atient or a carrier or +ith artic!es

soi!ed +ith dischar%es o' in'ected$erson(


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%redisposing )actors

An o$eration in an area o' the noseand throat

Econoic status;ac- o' $ro$er nutritiono&ercro+din%


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Types of 2iptheria

1( >asa! * +ith 'ou! se!!in%serosan%uinous secretions 'ro the

nose(


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5. Tonsilar

The !esion are con4ned to the tonsi!son!" but tend to s$read o&er the

$i!!ars, into the so't $a!ate and u&u!a(


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7. (asopharyngeal

Cer&ica! !"$h nodes are s+o!!en>ec- tissues are edeatous that

resu!t in the a$$earance o' bu!!@snec-Has a ar-ed de%ree o' anore


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=. :ound or cutaneous2iptheria

A#ects the ucous ebrane andan" brea- in the s-in

CI(IC&


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CI(IC&M&(I)EST&TIO(S

/ee!in% o' 'ati%ue, a!aise, s!i%ht sorethroat and 'e&er

Cer&ica! adenitisRa$id $u!se rateS+o!!en nec- +ith edea e


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Complications

M"ocarditisPo!"neuritis

Air+a" obstructionCer&ica! adenitis.roncho$neuonia


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2iagnostic Test

S+ab 'ro nose and throat or othersus$ected !esions

5iru!ence testSchic- testMo!one" test


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Treatment modalities

Penici!!inAntito


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(ursing Management

.edrest(Diet* so't 'ood* sa!! 'reJuent

'eedin%sEncoura%e 'ruit ?uices rich in &itain

C Ice co!!ar ust be a$$!ied on the

nec->ose and throat ust be ta-en cared

o'


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B&CTE+I&

%(E*MO(I&


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Re'ers to the conso!idation orso!idi4cation o' the air sacs +ith thein=aator" e


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Etiologic agents

Stre$tococcus $neuoniaeSta$h"!ococcus aureusHeo$hi!us in=uenaeL!ebsie!a $neuoniae


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Incubation period

1* da"s +ith sudden onset o'sha-in% chi!!s, ra$id!" raisin% 'e&erand stabbin% chest $ain a%%ra&atedb" cou%hin% and res$iration


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Dro$!et in'ection Indirect contact

< ST&!ES O) T'E


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< ST&!ES O) T'E2ISE&SE

Sta%e o' !un% en%or%eentSta%e o' red he$atiationSta%e o' %ra" he$atiationSta%e o' reso!ution

Cli i l if i


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Clinical manifestation

Sudden onset o' sha-in% chi!!sRa$id!" risin% 'e&erStabbin% chest $ainParo


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.od" a!aise Tach"$neaRa$id and boundin% $u!se/!ushed chee-s, bri%ht e"es,

c"anosisPain'u! cou%h;abored res$irationDia$horesisDe!iriu in the acute sta%e o' the

disease

di i


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diagnosis

$h"sica! e


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Complications

P!euris"E$"ea or $!eura! e#usionPericarditis and endocarditis +ith

e#usion $neuococca! enin%itisOtitis ediaH"$estathic edea and h"$ereiaRare co$!ications* arthritis, abscess

o' the !un%s, %an%rene o' the !un%s,

ebo!us o' the arter" and ate!actasis

T t t


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Treatment

Abso!ute bed restAdeJuate sa!t, =uid and &itain inta-eO


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(ursing Inter-ention

Lee$ $atient +arDo bac- rubbin%Do bronchia! ta$$in%

.edrestE!e&ate head and shou!dersCushion bone $roinences +ith $i!!o+sH"%iene care Increase =uid inta-eHi%h ca!orie dietMonitor I and O


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%E+T*SSIS>:hooping

Cough?


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An in'ectious disease characteriedb" re$eated attac-s o' s$asodiccou%hin% +hich consists o' series o'e


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Causati-e agent

.ordete!!a $ertussis* a non oti!e%ra ne%ati&e baci!!us that is easi!"destro"ed b" !i%ht, heat and dr"in%

I b ti i d


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Incubation period

Se&en to

'ourteen

da"s

%eriod of


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communicability

Starts 'ro da"s a'ter e


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Direct contactDro$!et in'ection Indirect contact

Stages of %ert ssis


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Stages of %ertussis

1( Catarrha! sta%e* ostcounicab!e sta%eK !asts 'or 1 to0 +ee-s

0( Paro


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Clinical manifestations

Catarrha! sta%e Mucoid rhinoria

Sneein%

;acriation and dr" bronchia! cou%h

Irritatin%, hac-in%, nocturna! andbecoin% se&ere cou%h


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Paro


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Pro'use s+eatin%, in&o!untar"urination, !ethar%" and e


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Con&a!escent sta%e Gradua! decrease in $aro


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Complications

Interstitia! $neuoniaAte!actasisCon&u!sionsUbi!ica! herniaOtitis edia.roncho$neuonia

Se&ere a!nutrition and star&ation

2iagnostic procedures


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2iagnostic procedures

>aso$har"n%ea! s+absS$utu cu!tureC.C

T+E&TME(T


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T+E&TME(T

Su$$orti&e thera$" /!uid and e!ectro!"te re$!aceent

AdeJuate nutrition

O


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(*+SI(! M&(&!EME(T

Iso!ation and edica! ase$sis shou!dbe carried out

Suctionin% eJui$ent shou!d beread" at a!! ties

Sunshine and 'resh air are i$ortantProote rest

9ar bathsMonitor inta-e and out$ut

Than, o


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Than, you…

respi cd caused by bacteria

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