resources and energy chapter 7. mineral resources metal ores non-metallic minerals gems
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Resources and Energy
Chapter 7
![Page 2: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mineral Resources
• Metal Ores• Non-metallic minerals• Gems
![Page 3: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Metal ores• From cooling magma (Cr, Ni, Pb)
– Rock cools, heavy metals settle to bottom
• From contact metamorphism (Pb, Cu, Zn)– Heat changes chemical composition to ore
• From hydrothermal solutions creating contact metamorphism– Minerals dissolve into solution, solution
enters cracks, new minerals form and precipitate out into “veins”
• From moving water– Fragments settle out as placer deposits
![Page 4: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Minerals and Their Uses
Metallic Uses
Hematite and Magnetite (iron) making steel
Galena (lead) car batteries; solder
Gold, silver, platinum electronics; dental; coins; jewelry; utensils; bowls
Chalcopyrite (copper) wiring; coins; jewelry; ornaments
Sphalerite (zinc) brass; galvanization of steel
Non-metallic Uses
Diamond (carbon) drills; saws; jewelry
Graphite (carbon) pencils; paint; lubricants; batteries
Calcite cement; building stone
Halite (salt) food preparation; food preservation; de-icers
Kaolinite (clay) ceramics; cement; bricks
Quartz (sand) glass
Sulfur gunpowder; medicines; rubber
Gypsum plaster and wallboard
![Page 6: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mining
• Removing resources faster than nature can replace them– Subsurface– Surface– Placer– Undersea
![Page 8: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nonrenewable Energy
• Used faster than can be replenished or is not likely to be replenished (limited)
• Fossil fuels– Formed from remains of living things– Coal– Petroleum– Natural gas– Oil traps (shale)
![Page 9: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Coal• Massive plant deposits
• Carbonization of peat
• Produces methane, carbon dioxide and coal in the absence of oxygen (swamps)
![Page 10: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Peat
![Page 11: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Lignite (brown coal) in the Dakotas
![Page 13: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
High grade anthracite
![Page 14: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Petroleum
• Part of carbon cycle also• Liquid hydrocarbons from converted
plant and animal remains• Natural gas = gaseous hydrocarbons• Often found together with water
![Page 15: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Oil Shale
Impervious rocks like shale trap oil and gas in crests or upwarps of rock layers.A=anticline trap. R=reef trap. S=stratigraphic trap
![Page 18: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nuclear Energy• Fission is the splitting of atoms
• Releases tremendous amounts of energy that bind individual atoms together
• 1,000,000X stronger than chemical bonds
![Page 19: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Power Generation
![Page 20: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fusion Power
• Fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form helium
• 15 million degrees C
• Cold fusion ?
![Page 22: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Renewable Energy
![Page 23: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Renewable Energy
• Geothermal• Solar• Hydropower• Biomass• Wind
![Page 24: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Geothermal
• Steam generated from underground heat sources
• Advantages?• Disadavantages?
![Page 25: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Solar energy• Passive systems – sun room, etc
• Advantages/disadvantages?
![Page 27: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Solar Energy• Active solar – collectors/photovoltaic cells
![Page 28: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Photovoltaic cell
![Page 29: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hydropower• Water moves turbines generating
electricity• Advantages/disadvantages?
![Page 30: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sea power, too!
Tidal and wave generator
![Page 31: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Biomass
• Decomposition or processing of organic wastes create substances which may be burned as fuel
• E.g., trees, manure, sawdust, garbage, straw, paper
• Advantages/disadvantages
![Page 32: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Biomass Generator
Waste wood in chip form
![Page 33: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Windpower• Moving air moves blades of
turbine generating electricity• Advantages/disadvantages?
Wind farm
![Page 35: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Resources and Conservation
• Weigh options; positive vs. negative
• Choose cleanest available option• Regulate, clean up and reclaim• Resources used for more than
just energy, so………• Conserve all resourcesUses of minerals in your home
![Page 37: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Landfill Operation
![Page 40: Resources and Energy Chapter 7. Mineral Resources Metal Ores Non-metallic minerals Gems](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062806/56649c815503460f94939868/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)