resource - wrap · name katherine adams position principal consultant bre garston wd25 9xx . t + 44...

ResourcePlanning Tool

Resource Planning Tool

Resource Planning Tool

Resource 2008

Benchmarks have been developed by BRE as part of a Defra funded project, ‘Understanding and predicting construction waste’. These benchmarks have been used to develop a resource planning tool which can be used at a national, regional, county and local level to assist with predicting waste arisings from construction activity. This work has been funded by the Construction Resource and Waste Platform Programme (Defra) and managed by BRE and AEA. This report accompanies the resource planning tool and shows a number of estimates that have been carried out, including:

> National waste arisings from new build construction output were estimated to be 7.9 million tonnes for 2006, assuming all projects were performing at standard practice. Estimates assuming all projects are performing at good and best practice were also calculated.> Regional waste arisings were estimated for the East of England region using the resource planning spreadsheet and information from the Regional Spatial Strategy.> At a county level more detailed waste predictions were carried out, e.g. waste from the construction of new build housing. It is also possible to look at how the waste arisings change if targets for waste reduction are set as part of the planning process. Estimates of waste from new build construction output were calculated for Hertfordshire together with more detailed estimates for proposed residential development. These estimates have been calculated by district, and waste arisings by waste type have been calculated.> Locally, it is possible to predict waste arisings from specific developments based on the floor area of the development and the project type (e.g. residential, commercial, retail etc.). BREMAP can then be used to locate suitable waste management facilities near the development. In addition, the effect of setting waste reduction targets for specific projects can be modelled. > The benchmarks developed can be used to predict waste arisings as part of Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) and are currently used in BRE’s SMARTWaste Plan tool to estimate waste arisings.

Executive Summary

Introduction 02

Development of benchmarks 04Volume benchmarks 06Tonnage benchmarks 06Waste product benchmarks 07

Development of Resource Planning Spreadsheet 08National level 08Legislation/policy drivers 08Use of resource planning spreadsheet at national level 09Regional level 11County level 13Predicted waste arisings from new build construction in Hertfordshire. 14Predicted waste arisings from new build residential construction in Hertfordshire 17District 23Waste minimisation targets 23Local/Project level 24Waste arisings and effect of waste reduction targets 25Waste disposal options 25Site Waste Management Plans 28

Conclusions 31National level 31Regional level 31County level 31Local level 32Site Waste Management Plans 32Demolition and refurbishment projects 32

Appendix A – Waste benchmarks in m3Appendix B – Resource Planning SpreadsheetAppendix C – Waste arisings from residential development in m3

CRWP - Resource Planning ToolPrepared forName Andrew Gregory

Prepared byName Maggie BlackwellPosition Senior Consultant

Approved on behalf of BREName Katherine Adams Position Principal Consultant

BRE Garston WD25 9XX T + 44 (0) 1923 664000 F + 44 (0) 1923 664010 E [email protected] www.bre.co.uk This report is made on behalf of BRE. By receiving the report and acting on it, the client - or any third party relying on it - accepts that no individual is personally liable in contract, tort or breach of statutory duty (including negligence).

Contents

Resource Planning Tool BRE Client report

Resource Planning Tool BRE Client report

The Construction Resources and Waste Roadmap, 20081 sets a target to halve the amount of (non-aggregate) construction waste in England by 2015 and sets out key actions that are needed to meet this target. These include:> Set baseline data for construction related waste – this needs to be carried out at national, regional, sector and product level> Measure performance consistently in terms of waste reduction, re-use and recycling per company, sector, process and product.

BRE has carried out a Defra-funded project ‘Understanding and Predicting Construction Waste’ which aimed to set minimum reporting requirements for construction waste and to produce benchmarks for a set of performance indicators. Companies were asked to supply site waste data to BRE’s SMARTWaste Benchmarking website and a range of performance indicators were produced for different project types and different waste products. These benchmarks will be continually updated as more data is entered and it is hoped that the introduction of site waste management plans (SWMP) will increase the amount of data available. For instance, BRE’s new, free Site Waste Management Plan tool, SMARTWaste Plan (www.smartwaste.co.uk) should add significantly to the data available which will help to refine, and add confidence to, the benchmark data produced.

The benchmarks produced have been incorporated into a new resource planning spreadsheet (available by emailing a request to smartwaste.co.uk). This has been developed to allow users to predict waste arisings at a national, regional, county or local level. The tool is simple to use and requires users to enter details of planned new build construction projects or construction output. Waste arisings can be estimated by weight (tonnes) or volume (m3). In addition, detailed waste arisings by waste type can be calculated for planned residential new build construction at a county or local level.

The spreadsheet has been used to model predicted waste arisings for Hertfordshire County Council at a county, district and project level. Predicted waste arisings from new build construction were calculated for the whole of Hertfordshire and for individual districts. In addition, waste arisings by type have been calculated for each district in Hertfordshire. The spreadsheet has also been used to calculate waste arisings by type and overall for a specific residential new build construction project proposed in Wheathampstead.

It is hoped that the spreadsheet will help users to estimate likely waste arisings from proposed construction which will assist planners in development of waste management policies, assist with forecasting future waste arisings and help to model the effect of setting waste reduction targets. The spreadsheet can also be used by companies to estimate waste arisings to support their site waste management plans and, together with the BREMAP tool, to plan how to manage waste produced.

Introduction

Resource 2008 Resource 2008

Resource Planning Tool Resource Planning Tool

1 - Construction and Resources Waste Roadmap, 2008 http://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/rpts/waste/Roadmap_final.pdf

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As part of this project a benchmarking website was set up to collect waste data (http://www.smartwaste.co.uk/wastebenchmarking). The data collected included: > Type of waste produced > Amount of waste (tonnage and or/volume) > Cost of waste > Percentage segregated on-site, recycled on-site, recycled off-site, diverted from landfill > Cost of project* > Floor area of project* > Project address and location* > Type of project e.g. residential, commercial etc* > Length of project (start and anticipated end date)* > If the project is construction; refurbishment and/or demolition* > Type of construction.** mandatory information

In addition to the benchmarking website, further data has been collected from BRE’s SMARTStart system. This is a web-based benchmarking tool for construction, facilities or waste management contractors to use. Data entered via the benchmarking website and data from BRE’s SMARTStart system was analysed to produce a range of benchmarks including:> Volume (m3) waste per 100m2 floor area and tonnes waste per 100m2 floor area by project types> Volume (m3) waste per £100K and tonnes waste per £100K project value for different project type> Volume (m3) (or tonnes) waste per 100m2 and volume (m3) (or tonnes) waste per £100K by waste products by project type.

Before inclusion in the data analysis, data for all completed projects was subjected to a number of logical and statistical tests as follows: For m3/100m2 waste:> Reject data if the gross internal floor area is less than 10m2> Reject the data if waste produced is less than 10m3

> Reject the data if it is less than 5m3 waste per 100 m2 of gross internal floor area> Reject the data is if it is more than 75m3 waste per 100 m2 of gross internal floor area

For m3/£100K waste:> Reject the data if the project value is less than £100.> Reject the data if waste produced is less than 10m3 > Reject the data if it is less than 5m3 waste per £100K of gross internal floor area> Reject the data is if it is more than 75m3 waste per £100K of gross internal floor area

Once these logical tests had been applied, the data was sorted further into new build construction projects, refurbishment projects and demolition projects. At present there is still a limited number of refurbishment and demolition projects so benchmarks produced here are based on new build construction projects and the following assumptions have been made:> no demolition waste is included> no excavation waste is included> no groundworks waste is included.

A count of the number of plausible results, the average, standard deviation and median of the results was obtained. This data analysis is carried out every two months.

A summary of the overall benchmarks for different project types and the number of projects the benchmarks are based on is given in Table 1. All benchmarks used in this report are based on projects completed by 23rd April 2008.

Development of benchmarks



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Benchmarks have been calculated for standard, good and best practice projects by ranking the performance figures and sorting them into quartiles. The lower quartile has been assigned ‘best practice’, the next quartile is ‘good practice’ and the remaining data is ‘standard practice’. This has been carried out for residential projects for which there are a large number of projects and for all other project types.

Although it is possible to calculate these benchmarks for other project types where there are a significant number of projects (e.g. commercial retail and education) these have not been used here as there is limited information available about planned new build construction in these areas. There is, however, information about new build construction output available from the Construction Statistics Annual2 which can be separated into residential and other new build construction.

Project Type Number of projects m3/100m2 Number of projects m3/£100K

Residential 100 14.7 98 18.9

Public Buildings 7 21.5 7 22.8

Leisure 2 13.8 4 24.4

Industrial Buildings 5 19.9 5 11.3

Healthcare 13 15 11 13.3

Education 19 12.5 20 17.3

Commercial Retail 25 15.4 23 10.4

Commercial Offices 21 16.7 17 13.6

Civil Engineering 9 24.3 6 20.3

Total 201 191

Table 1: Benchmarks by project type

2 - Construction Statistics Annual, August 2007, BERR



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m3/100m2

Project type Standard Good Best

Residential 12.9 - 14.7 8.1 - 12.9 <8.1

All other project types 13.3 - 17.2 8.7 - 13.3 <8.7

All projects 13.3 - 16.3 8.6 - 13.3 <8.6

Table 2: m3/100m2 benchmarks for standard, good and best practice

Tonnes/100m2


Residential 6.8-7.8 4.3-6.8 <4.3

All other project types 7.3-9.5 4.8-7.3 <4.8

All projects 7.3-9.0 4.7-7.3 <4.7

Table 4: Tonnes/100m2 benchmarks for standard, good and best practice

m3/£100K


Residential 13.2 - 18.9 8.8 -13.2 <8.8

All other project types 9.8 - 15.2 7.4 - 9.8 <7.4

All projects 7.7 - 17.1 6.2 - 7.7 <6.2

Table 3: m3/£100K benchmarks for standard, good and best practice

Tonnes/100m2


Residential 6.8-7.8 4.3-6.8 <4.3

All other project types 7.3-9.5 4.8-7.3 <4.8

All projects 7.3-9.0 4.7-7.3 <4.7

Table 5: Tonnes/£100K benchmarks for standard, good and best practice

Volume benchmarksThe m3/100m2 and m3/£100K benchmarks are summarised in Tables 2 and 3 below.

Tonnage benchmarksTonnage benchmarks have been calculated by applying density factors to the volume benchmarks. The density factors (tonnes/m3) used have been derived from the Environment Agency3 review of Construction and Demolition waste arisings. The tonnes/100m2 and tonnes/£100K benchmarks are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.

3 - Environment Agency : A survey on the arisings and management of Construction and Demolition waste in Wales 2005-06, published 2008, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/commondata/acrobat/cd_wls_exec_e_1987304.pdf

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Table 6: Tonnes/100m2 for waste product by project type

Table 7:Tonnes/£100K for waste product by project type

Waste product benchmarksFurther benchmarks for waste type for each project type have also been developed from the same dataset.

These are based on average performance indicators of m3/100m2 or m3/£100K (shown in Appendix A) and

applying density factors for the different waste product types. The benchmarks for waste types shown in Table 6 and 7 below for Tonnes/100m2 and tonnes/£100K. The tonnage figures are shown as it is thought that these will be more useful to planners in order to compare waste arisings with capacities.

Tonnes/100m2

Waste product Civil

Engineering

Commercial

Offices

Commercial

Retail

Education Healthcare Industrial

Buildings

Leisure Public

Buildings

Residential

Canteen/office/ad-hoc 0.763 0.331 0.465 0.446 0.367 0.245 0.004 1.096 0.380

Ceramics/bricks 0.149 0.588 0.295 0.654 0.741 0.299 0.001 1.251 1.572

Concrete 2.728 2.344 0.555 1.008 1.284 1.293 0.000 7.490 2.688

Electrical equipment 0.073 0.045 0.090 0.079 0.060 0.011 0.103 0.032 0.028

Furniture 0.003 0.017 0.024 0.011 0.007 0.001 0.038 0.031 0.007

Inert 12.892 3.031 2.882 0.921 1.050 9.502 0.000 0.050 0.833

Insulation 0.197 0.136 0.245 0.165 0.160 0.211 0.386 0.081 0.249

Liquids and Oils 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.001

Metals 0.824 0.735 0.555 0.370 0.518 0.595 0.603 0.489 0.227

Packaging 0.286 0.417 0.644 0.382 0.525 0.445 0.396 0.396 0.559

Plaster/cement 0.339 0.426 0.560 0.451 1.022 0.986 2.315 0.470 0.592

Plastics 0.089 0.140 0.120 0.138 0.136 0.115 0.084 0.094 0.237

Timber 0.665 0.781 1.151 0.873 0.665 0.666 0.311 0.567 0.553

Grand Total 19.2 9.2 7.6 5.5 7.0 14.4 4.2 13.6 8.0

Tonnes/100m2

Waste product Civil

Engineering

Commercial

Offices

Commercial

Retail


Buildings

Leisure Public Residential


Ceramics/bricks 0.008 0.392 0.160 2.072 0.932 0.405 0.074 0.736 2.410

Concrete 7.037 1.104 1.868 0.554 1.025 0.391 0.310 6.271 4.514


Furniture 0.001 0.009 0.009 0.015 0.005 0.002 0.062 0.009 0.006

Inert 12.261 2.571 2.911 7.300 2.956 5.324 13.703 9.527 1.225

Insulation 0.095 0.090 0.174 0.119 0.150 0.078 0.263 0.061 0.364

Liquids and Oils 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001

Metals 0.267 0.515 0.612 0.378 0.389 0.311 0.465 0.392 0.214

Packaging 0.125 0.289 0.466 0.334 0.432 0.394 0.278 0.311 0.718

Plaster/cement 0.172 0.240 0.391 0.350 0.574 0.330 2.237 0.429 0.630

Plastics 0.037 0.132 0.078 0.134 0.144 0.095 0.102 0.053 0.305

Timber 0.337 0.546 0.877 0.824 0.594 0.388 0.441 0.418 0.488

Grand Total 21.2 6.3 7.8 12.5 7.8 7.9 18.1 19.8 11.3

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The benchmarks developed have been incorporated into a resource planning spreadsheet with can be used to estimate waste arisings from proposed construction activity on a national, regional, county and local level. It can be used to predict waste arising from construction, and to model changes in waste when targets for waste reduction are applied. Details of the applications of the spreadsheet together with the information needed and the output are summarised in Appendix B.

National levelLegislation/policy driversThe ‘Waste Strategy for England 2007’4 sets out the Government’s objectives and targets with regard to waste. One of the Government’s key objectives is to increase the diversion from landfill of non-municipal waste. The key new actions associated with the waste strategy which relate to construction and demolition waste are summarised in Table 8 below.

Development of Resource Planning Spreadsheet



Actions Timeframes Responsibility

Develop sector-level agreement to reduce

plasterboard waste to landfill and increase

collection and recycling

By end of 2007 WRAP/former MTP/plasterboard

industry

Develop policy roadmaps for other priority

construction products such as window systems

Ongoing Government/Industry

Make Site Waste Management Plans mandatory for

larger construction sites, subject to consultation*

April 2008 Government

Implement the Construction Waste and Resources

Roadmap

Summer 2008 onwards Government/BRE/Industry

Table 8:Key actions from Waste Strategy relating to Construction and Demolition

*Site Waste Management Plans are now a mandatory requirement for construction projects over £300,000.

4 - Waste Strategy for England, 2007, DEFRA

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In addition, the Strategy for Sustainable Construction5 states an overarching target for waste which has been agreed by the Strategic Forum for Construction:> By 2012, a 50% reduction of construction, demolition and excavation (CD&E) waste to landfill compared to 2008.

This target does not include aggregates used for backfilling quarries, site restoration or legitimately spread on exempt sites. The amount of CD&E waste disposed of to landfill is estimated to be more than 25 million tonnes a year in England alone. Defra’s Waste Data Strategy6 will deliver key data for monitoring the Waste Strategy. More data is required to monitor some indicators and targets and to assess progress on implementation of the Waste Strategy. However, data for 2008 is expected to be more robust than in previous years and so this will be taken as the baseline for the waste reduction target. A further part of the national waste management plan for the UK is Planning Policy Statement 10: PPS10 Planning for Sustainable Waste Management7, published in 2005. The policies within PPS10 need to be taken into account by regional planning bodies when preparing regional spatial strategies and by local planning authorities in the preparation of local development documents. The companion guide to PPS108 gives information on data collection in support of PPS10. Although some data is available about waste arisings from construction and demolition waste, data available for forecasting this waste is relatively poor.

Use of the resource planning spreadsheet at national levelThe resource planning spreadsheet can be used, together with information about future construction output, to provide forecasts of waste arisings for policymakers. The data can be used at a national level in setting and evaluating evidence-based policy in the area of construction waste and resource efficiency. The

benchmarks used in the spreadsheet are based on real construction projects and are continually updated. For example, waste arisings from new build construction or construction output were estimated at a national level using information from the Construction Statistics Annual9. Output in current prices for 2006 (provisional) are summarised in Table 9. Output includes estimates of unrecorded output by small firms and self-employed workers, and output by public sector direct labour departments.



5 - Strategy for Sustainable Construction, June 2008, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file46535.pdf

6 - The DEFRA/WAG waste data strategy for waste streams across the UK, April 2006, http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/wip/data/pdf/wastedata-strategy.pdf

7 - PPS10 Planning for Sustainable Waste Management, http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/147411.pdf

8 - Planning for Sustainable Waste Management, Companion Guide to Planning Policy Statement 10 http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/150805.pdf

9 - Construction Statistics Annual, August 2007, BERR

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Output for Great Britain, current prices (£million)

New Housing Other New Work

Date Public Private Total housing

Infrastructure Public Private Industrial

Private Commercial

Total other new work

2006 Q1 821 4,720 5,541 1,672 2,514 1,203 4,719 10,108

2006 Q2 869 4,844 5,713 1,627 2,455 1,184 4,850 10,116

2006 Q3 884 4,994 5,878 1,639 2,483 1,211 5,189 10,522

2006 Q4 868 5,014 5,882 1,594 2,487 1,290 5,380 10,751

Total 2006 3,442 19,572 23,014 6,532 9,939 4,888 20,138 41,497

Table 9: Output for Great Britain for new work (£million)

Applying the benchmarks for residential development to the total 2006 housing output and benchmarks for all other project types to output for all other new work gives an estimate of annual waste arisings for standard, good and best practice. These are shown in Table 10. These estimates have been calculated assuming that all projects are at the same level, i.e. waste arisings for standard practice assume that all construction output is carried out using standard practice. In reality, there will be a large variation between companies.

Therefore, the resource planning spreadsheet can be used at a National level to:> Help with forecasting and planning for sustainable waste management policy at a construction sector level> Help to prioritise actions and policies related to construction waste management> Help evaluate the performance of policies such as the Site Waste Management Plan Regulations> Model possible future scenarios and capacities required for recovery of construction waste.



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Table 10: Predicted annual waste arisings from new work construction output in Great Britain

Tonnes waste arising for Great Britain

Standard Good Best

Residential new work output 2,922,778 2,025,232 1,357,826

Other new work output 5,062,634 3,236,766 2,448,323

All new work output 7,985,412 5,261,998 3,806,149

Output for East of England, Current prices (£million)

New Housing Other New Work

Date Public Private Total housing

Infrastructure Public Private Industrial

Private Commercial

Total other new work

Total 2006 402 1785 2,187 571 802 580 1708 3,661

Table 11: Output for East of England for new work (£million)



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Regional levelThe resource planning spreadsheet produced can be used to assist with policy development at a regional level. Each of the regions in England has a regional planning body which draws up regional planning guidance, including a regional waste plan. For example, a Regional Spatial Strategy was developed for the East of England region and this has now been developed into the ‘East of England Plan’10.

This includes regional policies on housing, transport and waste. The Core strategy (Section 4) sets out the strategic policies and proposals for the region and includes policy SS16: quality in the built environment. This states that local development documents will ensure that new built development will promote resource efficiency including maximising use of re-used and recycled materials. Section 9 of the plan covers environmental resources and includes Policy ENV10: Waste management. This states that waste management strategies will include policies to encourage waste minimisation.

Policy ENV11: management of wastes arising within the East of England also states that targets will be adopted by all authorities and commercial producers to minimise waste with the aim of minimum recovery levels for commercial and industrial waste of 66% at 2005 and 75% at 2015.

In addition, the East of England Regional Assembly adopted the Regional Waste Management Strategy (RWMS) for the East of England11 in 2003 which

describes the policies in place for waste management. Policy 9 of the RWMS states that new development should be designed and planned with regard to minimizing the production of waste. It states that local authorities should include policies that ensure development proposals have regard to the need to minimize use of raw materials and the amount of waste generated during construction. In addition, policy 22 states that planning authorities should seek to ensure adequate provision of sites and facilities for the recovery of construction and demolition waste.

The resource planning spreadsheet has been used to estimate waste arisings from regional new build construction activity for the East of England. Information on output for the East of England (including output by small firms and self-employed workers, and output by public sector direct labour departments) is available from the Construction Statistics Annual, 20073. This is shown in Table 11 below.

10 - East of England Plan, The Revision to the Regional Spatial Strategy for East of England, May 2008, Government Office for the East of England

11 - East of England Regional Waste Management Strategy 2002, http://www.eera.gov.uk/Documents/About%20EERA/Policy/Planning%20and%20Transport/PlanHome/RPG/RPG14/RelStrat/RWMS/RWMS16-7.pdf



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Applying the benchmarks for residential development to the total 2006 housing output and benchmarks for all other project types to the output for all other new work gives an estimate of annual waste arisings for standard, good and best practice. These are shown in Table 12. Again, these figures assume that all companies are performing at the same level when, in fact, there will be a large variation between projects and waste arisings would be within the figures for standard and best practice.

It should be noted that this figure is much less than regional estimate for construction and demolition and excavation waste (CDEW) as given in the ODPM Survey of Arisings and Use of Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste as Aggregate in England in 200312.

The total CDEW for the East of England was estimated to be 12,608,000 tonnes with 1,789,000 tonnes (14.2%) of this being landfilled. No information is available about how much of the waste produced is from the construction phase. Therefore, at a regional level, these benchmarks can be used to produce data to assist planners with the following:> Assessing development and construction policies in terms of likely amount of waste produced e.g. housing > Waste planning through assessing existing and future capacities of waste facilities for construction waste> Setting targets and/or providing appropriate guidance for reduction and recovery of waste in planning policies and guidance > Implementing and enforcing Site Waste Management Plan regulations

Table 12: Predicted annual waste arisings for East of England from new construction output


Standard Good Best

Residential new work output 277,749 192,456 129,033

Other new work output 446,642 285,558 215,999

All new work output 724,391 478,014 345,032



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County levelThe resource planning tool can be used to assist with policy development at a county level and work has been carried out with Hertfordshire County Council to model waste arisings using the tool.

The Hertfordshire Minerals and Waste Development Framework produced a Waste Core Strategy Submission13 which sets out the vision for waste planning and provides strategic objectives for the county. This core strategy has to take into account national planning policy and, in particular, the National Waste Strategy 2007 and Regional Spatial strategies (in this case the East of England Plan). A key policy in Hertfordshire’s Waste Core Strategy submission is WCS6 – Sustainable design, construction and demolition.

This states that new development should facilitate the efficient use of resources and states that proposals for new development should incorporate, amongst other things, construction and demolition methods that minimise waste generation and re-use/recycle materials as far as possible on site. The benchmarks produced in this project can be used to produce data to assist planners with the following:> Assess development and construction policies in terms of likely amount of waste produced e.g. housing > Aid in waste planning through assessing existing and future capacities of waste facilities for construction waste> Set targets and/or provide appropriate guidance for reduction and recovery of waste in planning policies and guidance

12 - Survey of Arisings and Use of Construciton, Demolition and Excavation Waste as Aggregate in England in 2003, Capita Symonds, October 2004, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/commondata/acrobat/odpm_plan_032244_1220908.pdf

13 - Hertfordshire Minerals and Waste Development Framework, Waste Core Strategy Submission, January 2008, County Development Unit, http://www.hertsdirect.org/infobase/docs/pdfstore/wastecorstr08.pdf



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Predicted waste arisings from new build construction in HertfordshireInformation is available in the Construction Statistics Annual3 about new orders and output from construction activity. Further detailed information on new orders has been obtained from BERR which relates just to Hertfordshire from 2003 to 2007.

Detailed information was not available for output which includes estimates of unrecorded output by small firms and self-employed workers and output by public sector direct labour departments. However, a comparison of new orders and output for new work for the whole of the UK over a period of 7 years gives a ratio of output to new orders of 1.4.

Therefore, the figures for new orders by district have been multiplied by 1.4 to give an estimate of output for new work. The resource planning tool has been used to estimate the waste arising from new build construction output for Hertfordshire based on the benchmarks for tonnes waste per £100k project value (as shown in Table 5).

Waste arisings for Hertfordshire have been calculated using the tonnes/£100K benchmarks for residential projects for the residential new orders/output and the tonnes/£100K benchmarks for all other projects for the ‘other new work’ new orders/output. The waste arisings calculated are shown in Table 13.

Table 13: Predicted waste arisings for Hertfordshire based on estimated new build construction output for 2007

Value (£millions)


Standard Good Best

Residential New orders 226 28,702 19,888 13,334

Output 316 40,183 27,843 18,668

Other new work New orders 440 53,680 34,320 25,960

Output 616 75,152 48,048 36,344

Total New orders 666 82,382 54,208 39,294

Output 932 115,335 75,891 55,012

14 - Personal Communication with BERR



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In addition, total new orders (£Millions) by district from 2003 to 2007 have been obtained. Detailed information on project types is not available by district and output has again been estimated to be 1.4 times new orders as shown in Table 14.

Waste arisings by district have been calculated based on the estimated output for 2007 using the tonnes/£100K performance indicator for all project types (Table 5). The annual waste arisings calculated are shown in Table 15 and Figure 4 below.

Table 14: Value of new orders by district and estimated output

District Value of new orders obtained by contractors (at current prices) £ Millions

Estimated output £Millions

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2007

Broxbourne 46 26 208 74 48 67.2

Dacorum 54 57 121 136 59 82.6

East Hertfordshire 49 120 133 74 53 74.2

Hertsmere 18 23 55 85 78 109.2

North Hertfordshire 48 65 42 67 82 114.8

St Albans 44 68 185 51 68 95.2

Stevenage 52 47 95 110 59 82.6

Three Rivers 24 14 29 15 23 32.2

Watford 67 85 57 82 75 105

Welwyn Hatfield 63 73 89 76 120 168

Total 466 578 1014 771 665 931

Table 15: Predicted annual waste arisings from new build construction output (2007) by district

Predicted annual waste arisings from 2007 construction output (Tonnes)

District Standard Good Best

Broxbourne 4,032 - 8,938 3,226 - 4,032 <3,226

Dacorum 4,956 - 10,986 3,965 - 4,956 <3,965

East Hertfordshire 4,452 - 9,869 3,562 - 4,452 <3,562

Hertsmere 6,552 - 14,524 5,242 - 6,552 <5,242

North Hertfordshire 6,888 - 15,268 5,510 - 6,888 <5,510

St Albans 5,712 - 12,662 4,570 - 5,712 <4,570

Stevenage 4,956 - 10,986 3,965 - 4,956 <3,965

Three Rivers 1,932 - 4,283 1,546 - 1,932 <1,546

Watford 6,300 - 13,965 5,040 - 6,300 <5,040

Welwyn Hatfield 10,080 - 22,344 8,064 - 10,080 <8,064

Total 55,860 - 123,823 44,688 - 55,860 <44,688



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um

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ere

North

Her

tford

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St. Alba

ns

Steve

nage

Thre

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BEST GOOD STANDARD

Figure 4: Predicted annual waste arising by district from new build construction output (2007)

Figure 5: Predicted minimum waste arisings (tonnes) for Hertfordshire by district (standard practice)

Dacorum 4,956

Three Rivers 1,932

Watford 5,300

Hertsmere 6,552

Broxbourne 4,032

Stevenage 4,032

East Hertfordshire 4,452

North Hertfordshire 6,888

St. Albans 5,712 Welwyn

Hatfield 10,080

The overall waste arisings by district for standard practice have been plotted on a county map and this is shown in Figure 5.



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These results can be compared with estimates of construction, demolition and excavation waste produced for Hertfordshire County Council . The waste arisings were estimated from the ODPM survey of waste arisings11 assuming that Hertfordshire accounts for 12% of the waste generated in the East of England. This gives a figure of 1,521,600 tonnes of CDEW compared to the figure calculated here of 123,823 tonnes for new build construction.

Predicted waste arisings from new build residential construction in HertfordshireThe predicted waste arisings from new build residential development in Hertfordshire can be calculated using the resource planning spreadsheet, together with more detailed waste arisings by product type. The waste arisings are shown here in tonnes but it is also possible to calculate waste arisings in m3 and these are shown in Appendix C. The East of England Plan Panel Report 200416 (submitted to the Secretary of State June 2006) gives recommendations on the development of housing from 2001 to 2021. The panel’s recommendations for Hertfordshire are summarised in Table 16 below.

These figures can be used together with an assumption of the average floor area per dwelling and the performance indicator of tonnes waste per 100 m2 of floor area to provide an estimate of the waste arising from the construction of these dwellings. Information from the English House Condition Survey (EHCS), 2006 has been used to estimate the size of a typical new build dwelling17. The median floor area for all dwelling types for post 1990 housing is 88m2 and this figure will be used for these waste predictions.

The predicted waste arising from the recommended housing development for standard, good and best practice are summarised in Table 17 (also shown in Appendix C, Table C1, in m3) and shown in Figure 6.

Area/District H1 Panel Five year indicative phases

2001-2006 2006-2011 2011-2016 2016-2021

2001-2006

per annum

2006-2011

per annum

2011-2016

per annum

2016- 2021

per annum

Broxbourne 5,600 1,150 230 1,500 300 1,500 300 1,500 300

Dacorum 12,000 2,650 530 3,100 620 3,100 620 3,100 620

East Herts 12,000 2,500 500 3,150 630 3,150 630 3,150 630

Hertsmere 5,000 1,100 220 1,300 260 1,300 260 1,300 260

North Herts 7,800 2,550 510 1,750 350 1,750 350 1,750 350

St Albans 7,200 1,650 330 1,850 370 1,850 370 1,850 370

Stevenage 14,400 1,950 390 4,150 830 4,150 830 4,150 830

Three Rivers 4,000 1,100 220 950 190 950 190 950 190

Watford 5,200 1,000 200 1,400 280 1,400 280 1,400 280

Welwyn Hatfield 10,000 2,400 480 2,550 510 2,550 510 2,550 510

Hertfordshire 83,200 18,050 3,610 21,700 4,340 21,700 4,340 21,700 4,340

Table 16: East of England Plan Panel Recommendations for housing development in Hertfordshire, 2001-2021

16 - East of England Plan 2004, Examination in Public, Panel Report, June 2006 http://www.gos.gov.uk/goee/docs/193657/193668/East_of_England_Plan_Examin1.pdf

17 - English House Condition Survey (EHCS), 2006



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Table 17: Predicted annual tonnes waste arising from recommended housing development 2006-2021

Distric

Predicted annual waste arisings (tonnes)

Standard Good Best

Broxbourne 1,795 - 2,059 1,135 - 1,795 1,135

Dacorum 3,710 - 4,256 2,346 - 3,710 2,346

East Herts 3,770 - 4,324 2,384 - 3,770 2,384

Hertsmere 1,556 - 1,785 984 - 1,556 984

North Herts 2,094 - 2,402 1,324 - 2,094 1,324

St Albans 2,214 - 2,540 1,400 - 2,214 1,400

Stevenage 4,967 - 5,697 3,141 - 4,967 3,141

Three Rivers 1,137 - 1,304 719 - 1,137 719

Watford 1,676 - 1,922 1,060 - 1,676 1,060

Welwyn Hatfield 3,052 - 3,501 1,930 - 3,052 1,930

Hertfordshire 25,971 - 29,790 16,423 - 25,971 16,423

Tonn

es w

aste

5,000

6,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

Eastb

ourn

e

Dacor

um

Hertsm

ere

North

Her

tford

shire

St. Alba

ns

Steve

nage

Thre

e Rive

rs

Wat

ford

Welw

yn H

atfo

rd

East H

ertfo

rdsh

ire

BEST GOOD STANDARD

Figure 6: Predicted annual waste arisings, tonnes, by district



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Table 18: Predicted annual waste arisings by waste type from proposed residential development in Hertfordshire

* Includes hazardous and liquid and oil wastes

Predicted annual waste arisings (tonnes)

Waste type m3 Estimated number of skips Tonnes

Canteen/office/ad-hoc 6,916 1,883 1,452

Ceramics/bricks 5,558 1,211 6,003

Concrete 8,082 1,761 10,264

Electrical equipment 393 107 106

Furniture 149 40 27

Inert 2,565 559 3,181

Insulation 3,806 1,037 952

Metals 2,061 449 866

Packaging 10,160 2,767 2,134

Plaster/cement 6,856 1,867 2,262

Plastics 3,928 1,070 903

Timber 6,216 1,693 2,114

Total* 56,749 14,444 30,306

Detailed predictions of the types of waste arising can be estimated using the benchmarks for m3 of waste per 100 m2 floor area and tonnes waste per 100 m2 floor area for different waste types. A summary of the average, annual predicted waste arisings for Hertfordshire is given in Table 18 and shown in Figure 7.

Also shown in Table 18 is the estimated number of 6.12 cu metre (8 cu yard) skips that would be required for the predicted waste arising. This has been calculated assuming a 40% void space except for ceramics, concrete, inert and metals where a 25% void space was assumed.



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10,000

12,000

m3 Tonnes

Units of waste

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

Cante

en/o

fice/

ad-h

oc

Ceram

ics/b

ricks

Electri

cal e

quipm

ent

Furn

iture

Inert

Insula

tion

Met

als

Plastic

s

Timbe

r

Packa

ging

Plaste

r/cem

ent

Concr

ete

Cante

en/o

fice/

ad-h

oc

Ceram

ics/b

ricks

Electri

cal e

quipm

ent

Furn

iture

Inert

Insula

tion

Met

als

Plastic

s

Timbe

r

Packa

ging

Plaste

r/cem

ent

Concr

ete

Figure 7: Annual waste arisings in m3 and tonnes for different waste types from residential development in Hertfordshire

It is also possible to predict waste arisings by product for the different districts using the same benchmark figures and the floor area of the proposed residential development for each district.

The results are shown in Table 19.These results are shown for some of the key waste products in Figure 8.



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1,000

1,400

1,200

Units of waste

800

600

400

200

0

Ceram

ics/b

ricks

Inert

Timbe

r

Packa

ging

Plaste

r/cem

ent

Concr

ete

Broxbourne

Dacorum

Hertsmere

North Hertfordshire

St. Albans

Stevenage

Three Rivers

Watford

Welwyn Hatford

East Hertfordshire

Figure 8: Predicted annual waste arisings from residential development for key waste products (by district)



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Table 19: Predicted annual waste arisings from residential development for different waste products (by district)

Tonnes waste arising per annum by district

Waste product Broxbourne Dacorum East Herts Hertsmere North Herts

St Albans

Stevenage Three Rivers

Watford Welwyn Hatfield

Canteen/office/ad-hoc 77 177 167 74 171 110 131 74 67 161

Ceramics/bricks 318 733 692 304 705 456 539 304 277 664

Concrete 544 1,253 1,183 520 1,206 780 922 520 473 1,135

Electrical equipment 6 13 12 5 12 8 10 5 5 12

Furniture 1 3 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 3

Inert 169 388 366 161 374 242 286 161 147 352

Insulation 50 116 110 48 112 72 86 48 44 105

Liquids and Oils 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Metals 46 106 100 44 102 66 78 44 40 96

Packaging 113 261 246 108 251 162 192 108 98 236

Plaster/cement 120 276 261 115 266 172 203 115 104 250

Plastics 48 110 104 46 106 69 81 46 42 100

Timber 112 258 244 107 248 161 190 107 97 234

Unfortunately there is little detailed data available about planned construction and demolition activity in other sectors. It is known that there will be significant construction and demolition activity in both the healthcare and education sectors through initiatives such as Building Schools for the Future. However, detailed information about the timing of the projects and the floor areas and project values is not available. Very little information is available about planned construction in other areas such as commercial offices and commercial retail. Therefore, it is not possible to predict waste arisings by waste type from other planned construction projects and demolition activity.

In addition, there is very little information about the amount of refurbishment work in all sectors including the residential sector. For example, the communities and local government aim to “bring all social housing into decent condition” will involve significant refurbishment projects but there is little information readily available with regard to the value of the projects or the floor areas involved. More information is needed about the value or

size of refurbishment projects and the waste arisings from such projects. Therefore, it is not possible at present to use the resource planning spreadsheet to predict waste arisings from refurbishment projects.

At a county level the data produced by using the benchmarks can help with:> developing planning policies which help to protect the local environment > protecting resources through the minimisation of waste and better recovery of materials> providing appropriate targets, guidance and advice for planning applications> implementing and enforcing SWMP regulations.



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Table 20: Predicted annual waste arisings from new work construction output in Great Britain

District

Predicted annual waste arisings (tonnes) for St Albans

Standard Good Best

Construction Output 5,712 - 12,662 4,570 - 5,712 <4,570

Planned residential development 2,214 - 2,540 1,400 - 2,214 <1,400

DistrictThe resource planning spreadsheet has been used to predicted annual waste arisings for St Albans for both planned residential development (Table 14) and for estimated construction output (Table 19). These are summarised in Table 20 below.

These figures can be used to help assess existing and future capacities for waste facilities for construction waste.

Waste minimisation targetsIn addition, the resource planning spreadsheet has been used to predict waste arisings by type for planned residential development using the average benchmark figures for tonnes/100m2 (Table 16). (Similar predictions for m3 are also shown.) The effect of setting targets to reduce waste arisings from new build residential construction are shown in Table 21.

This shows that a target to reduce waste by 5% would produce a 137 Tonnes or 256 m3 reduction in waste from new build residential construction alone. This is roughly equivalent to 70 skips (6.12 cu m) assuming approximately 40% void space.



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Table 21: Waste arisings and waste reduction targets from residential new build in St Albans

Tonnes waste arising per annum by district

Waste type Current Average Target of 5% reduction Current average Target of 5% reduction

Canteen/office/ad-hoc 110 104 526 495

Ceramics/bricks 456 429 423 397

Concrete 780 734 615 578

Electrical equipment 8 8 30 28

Furniture 2 2 11 11

Hazardous 3 3 4 3

Inert 242 227 195 183

Insulation 72 68 289 272

Liquids and Oils 0 0 1 1

Metals 66 62 157 147

Packaging 162 153 773 727

Plaster/cement 172 162 521 490

Plastics 69 65 299 281

Timber 161 151 473 445

Total 2,304 2,167 4,298 4042

Waste reduction (tonnes) 137 256

Local/Project level Waste arisings and effect of waste reduction targetsThe benchmarks produced can be used to predict waste arisings for specific projects and the affect of setting targets to reduce waste can be shown.

As an example, a site in Wheathampsted which is to be developed for residential use has been used. The existing buildings are to be demolished and it is proposed to build 73 residential units. Assuming an average floor area of 88m2 and using the performance indicators of m3 waste/100m2 floor area and Tonnes waste/100m2 floor area for each waste type, the waste arisings can be predicted.

The predicted waste arisings in m3 and tonnes are shown in Table 22. Also shown in Table 22 is the effect of setting targets to reduce waste arisings by 1% or 5%.



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The waste arisings in m3 have also been modelled (see Table C2 in Appendix C) and this shows that a 5% reduction in waste arisings will lead to a reduction in waste of 47.5 m3. This is roughly equivalent to 13 skip loads (6.12 cubic m) assuming approximately 40% void space.

Waste disposal optionsBREMAP is a free web-based geographical information system that can be used to search for suitable waste management facilities within a specified radius of a postcode. Results are shown for waste disposal companies, waste management companies, recyclers, reclamation facilities and waste disposal facilities and includes Environment Agency licenced waste facilities. This can be accessed at www.bremap.co.uk and aims to help users to:> Reduce transport of bulky waste by locating the nearest most suitable waste management site. > Find your nearest recycling sites, reclamation companies, composting facilities, manufacturer take-back schemes, transfer stations, landfill sites, and incinerators. > Find local reclaimed and recycled products.

BREMAP has been used to search for waste facilities near the proposed development. The results of the search for waste facilities within a 7.5 mile radius of AL4 8PY are shown on a map in Figure 9 with details about the companies shown in Figure 10 below. Further details about the companies, such as contact details and materials recovered, are available by clicking on the company name in the results screen.

Table 22: Predicted waste arisings from construction of 73 dwellings

Predicted waste arisings in tonnes from construction of 73 residential units

Waste type Tonnes Target of 1% reduction Target of 5% reduction

Canteen/office/ad-hoc 24.4 24.2 23.2

Ceramics/bricks 101.0 100.0 95.9

Concrete 172.6 170.9 164.0

Electrical equipment 1.8 1.8 1.7

Furniture 0.5 0.4 0.4

Inert 53.5 53.0 50.8

Insulation 16.0 15.8 15.2

Liquids and Oils 0.0 0.0 0.0

Metals 14.6 14.4 13.8

Packaging 35.9 35.5 34.1

Plaster/cement 38.1 37.7 36.2

Plastics 15.2 15.0 14.4

Timber 35.6 35.2 33.8

Grand Total 514.8 509.7 489.1

Waste reduction 0 5.1 25.7



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Figure 9: Map showing location of waste management/recycling facilities for AL4 8PY



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Figure 10: Details of local waste management/recycling facilties.



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Site Waste Management Plans SWMPs became a legal requirement for construction projects over £300,000 in April 2008. The aim of introducing SWMPs is to improve material resource efficiency (by increasing recovery, reuse and recycling of waste) and to prevent illegal waste disposal activity. A requirement of SWMPs is to describe the types of waste expected and estimate amounts of waste expected. A further requirement is that when the project has started the actual waste arisings are monitored with details of waste reused (on and off-site), recovered and recycled being required for projects over £500,000. The actual waste arisings can then be compared with the estimated waste arisings.

BRE’s SMARTWaste Plan tool (www.smartwaste.co.uk) is free to use and has been developed to help the industry prepare, implement and review SWMPs in full compliance with legal requirements. The tool uses the benchmarks developed in the Defra project to estimate waste arisings from construction projects and includes an integrated waste measurement tool to measure waste generated. SMARTWaste Plan will therefore help users manage all aspects of creating SWMPs and is available to use online or can be downloaded for use. Information from SMARTWaste Plan will also be fed back into the benchmarking database in order to refine the benchmarks produced. It is also hoped that more data will become available from this tool in order to produce better benchmarks for waste produced from refurbishment and demolition projects.

In addition to the performance indicators used here in the resource planning spreadsheet, it is hoped that further data from the SMARTWaste Plan tool will be available to produce further performance indicators such as:> Percentage of waste segregated on and off site> Percentage of waste re-used> Percentage of waste sent to landfill> Cost performance indicators

This additional information will be useful in identifying resource management gaps in local areas e.g. low levels of recycling. Such data can subsequently be picked up in the resource planning tool to encourage planning of suitable facilities where current shortages/inadequate infrastructure exists.



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The benchmarks produced can be used to predict waste arisings in a number of ways depending on the information available. The resulting data can assist planners with development of policies to support waste minimisation, predicting future waste arisings to assist with planning future waste facility capacities and setting waste reduction targets. At a local/project level the benchmarks can be used to predict waste arisings and model the effect of settting waste reduction targets. In addition, the data can be used in the preparation of site waste management plans.

National levelThe resource planning spreadsheet has been used at a national level to model waste arisings from new build construction output. This was estimated to be 7.9 million tonnes assuming all projects are operating at standard practice. It is hoped that this information will help policy makers with forecasting and planning for sustainable waste management policy at a construction sector level, help prioritise policies related to construction waste management, evaluate the performance of policies and model future construction waste recovery capacities.To improve the predictions, it would be useful to have further data on specific project types e.g. details about proposed education or healthcare projects on a national basis.

Regional levelAt a regional level, the resource planning spreadsheet can be used in a similar way to the national level to model waste arisings from new build construction output. The data produced can help regional planners with the following:> Assessing development and construction policies in terms of likely amount of waste produced e.g. housing > Waste planning through assessing existing and future capacities of waste facilities for construction waste> Setting targets and/or providing appropriate guidance for reduction and recovery of waste in planning policies and guidance > Implementing and enforcing Site Waste Management Plan regulations

For the East of England the waste arisings from new build construction output were estimated to be 0.7 million tonnes.

Further details about different types of construction project would be helpful in order to improve the predicted waste arisings. Although there is significant information available on planned residential construction, there is limited information about other construction projects. Detailed information, including project values or floor areas about planned healthcare projects, education projects and commercial retail/office projects would lead to improved waste predictions. If this information were available the appropriate performance indicators for each type of construction project could be applied.

County levelThe benchmarks have been used at a county level to predict waste arisings from construction output as for the national and regional level and this data has been shown as waste arisings by district.

In addition, detailed waste arisings from new build residential construction have been produced by district and by waste type. This data can help county planners with:> developing planning policies which help to protect the local environment > protecting resources through the minimisation of waste and better recovery of materials> providing appropriate targets, guidance and advice for planning applications> implementing and enforcing SWMP regulations

Detailed estimates of waste arisings have been carried out using the resource planning spreadsheet for Hertfordshire. The overall waste arising for new build construction output was estimated to be 0.1 million tonnes for Hertfordshire. Further detailed estimates by district and by waste type were also carried out.

Conclusions



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Local levelAt a local level detailed waste arisings by waste type can be calculated for specific projects using the resource planning tool. In addition, the effect of setting waste reduction targets can be calculated. The BREMAP tool can also be used at a local level to search for local waste management facilities in order to maximise the re-use and reclamation of waste, minimise waste transport and assist with sourcing reclaimed, local materials.

Site Waste Management PlansThe benchmarks developed can be used to assist with waste predictions as part of SWMPs. The benchmarks are used in BRE’s SMARTWaste Plan tool to estimate waste arisings which can then be compared with actual waste arisings. The SMARTWaste Plan tool should also provide further data on real construction projects which will be used to refine and add confidence to the benchmarks.

Demolition and refurbishment projectsData is being collected to develop performance indicators for demolition projects and refurbishment projects. When these performance indicators are available the resource planning spreadsheet can be developed further to include these project types. Information about the project value/floor areas of demolition and refurbishment project types is needed at both a national and regional level.



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Table A1: Benchmarks for m3 waste per 100m2 floor area

Table A2: Benchmarks for m3 waste per £100K project value

m3/100m2

Waste product Civil

Engineering

Commercial

Offices

Commercial

Retail


Buildings

Leisure Public

Buildings

Residential


Ceramics/bricks 0.138 0.544 0.273 0.605 0.686 0.277 0.001 1.159 1.455

Concrete 2.148 1.846 0.437 0.794 1.011 1.018 0.000 5.898 2.116


Furniture 0.015 0.092 0.133 0.062 0.038 0.004 0.210 0.174 0.039

Inert 10.397 2.444 2.324 0.743 0.847 7.663 0.000 0.040 0.672

Insulation 0.787 0.544 0.982 0.662 0.640 0.843 1.542 0.322 0.997

Liquids and Oils 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.000 0.009 0.003

Metals 1.961 1.751 1.321 0.881 1.233 1.417 1.435 1.165 0.540

Packaging 1.362 1.988 3.066 1.817 2.501 2.121 1.886 1.886 2.660

Plaster/cement 1.026 1.292 1.696 1.367 3.098 2.989 7.014 1.424 1.795

Plastics 0.388 0.610 0.520 0.599 0.591 0.501 0.364 0.410 1.028

Timber 1.956 2.296 3.385 2.569 1.956 1.958 0.915 1.666 1.628

Grand Total 24.3 15.4 16.7 12.5 15.1 20.0 13.8 21.3 14.9

m3/£100K

Waste product Civil

Engineering

Commercial

Offices

Commercial

Retail


Buildings

Leisure Public

Buildings

Residential


Ceramics/bricks 0.007 0.363 0.148 1.919 0.863 0.312 0.069 0.681 2.231

Concrete 5.541 0.869 1.471 0.437 0.807 0.291 0.244 4.938 3.554


Furniture 0.007 0.050 0.048 0.082 0.028 0.007 0.346 0.049 0.032

Inert 9.888 2.073 2.348 5.887 2.384 3.595 11.051 7.683 0.988

Insulation 0.381 0.359 0.697 0.476 0.600 0.262 1.051 0.245 1.457

Liquids and Oils 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.005 0.458 0.000 0.001 0.008

Metals 0.637 1.226 1.458 0.899 0.926 0.625 1.108 0.934 0.509

Packaging 0.594 1.378 2.218 1.589 2.057 1.613 1.322 1.482 3.419

Plaster/cement 0.521 0.728 1.184 1.061 1.740 0.841 6.778 1.300 1.908

Plastics 0.161 0.576 0.341 0.581 0.626 0.345 0.445 0.228 1.327

Timber 0.991 1.606 2.580 2.422 1.746 1.142 1.297 1.229 1.434

Grand Total 20.27 10.41 13.58 17.32 13.51 16.63 24.44 22.65 18.93

Appendix A – Waste benchmarks in m3



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Appendix A – Waste benchmarks in m3

The resource planning spreadsheet will be free to use and is available by emailing smartwaste.co.uk.

A summary of the tool will be available on the SMARTWaste website www.smartwaste.co.uk with a link to the email address.

Resource Planning Spreadsheet

The resource planning spreadsheet allows users to input data on a local, district, county or regional basis to produce

predictions of waste arising.

Benchmarks have been produced as part a Defra funded project, ‘Understanding Construction and Demolition Waste’.

Benchmarks are updated every two months

Local To predict waste arisings from residential develop-ments at a local level.

Enter the number of dwellings proposed OR the total floor area of the development (in green boxes)

Waste arisings for different waste types are calculated for standard, good and best practice

County-district m3 To predict waste arisings from residential develop-ments at a district or county level

Enter the name of the district, the number of planned dwellings and the number of years this relates to (in green boxes)

Waste arisings by district/county are cal-culated in m3 for standard, good and best practice

County-district Tonnes To predict waste arisings from residential develop-ments at a district or county level

Enter the name of the district, the number of planned dwellings and the number of years this relates to (in green boxes)

Waste arisings by district/county are cal-culated in Tonnes for standard, good and best practice

County by waste type To predict waste arisings at a county level from residential development by waste type

Enter the number of planned dwellings for the county and the number of years this relates to (in green boxes)

Waste arisings by waste type are calcu-lated in m3 and tonnes for the county

Regional Output (Tonnes)

To predict waste arisings at a regional level for all new build construction output

Enter the figures for 'Output' for the region from the Construction Statistics Annual, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42061.pdf

Total waste arisings for all new construc-tion output is predicted for standard, good and best practice

Regional New Build (Tonnes)

To predict waste arisings at a regional level for all new build construction

Enter the figures for 'New Orders' for the region from the Construction Sta-tistics Annual, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42061.pdf

Total waste arisings for all new build con-struction is predicted for standard, good and best practice

National Output (Tonnes)

To predict waste arisings at a national level for all new build construction output

Enter the figures for 'Output' for Great Britain from the Construction Statistics Annual, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42061.pdf


National New Build (Tonnes)

To predict waste arisings at a national level for all new build construction

Enter the figures for 'New Orders' for the Great Britain from the Construction Statistics Annual, http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file42061.pdf




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Appendix C – Waste arisings from residential development in m3

C.1 County level waste arisings from residential development

C.2 District level waste arisings from residential development by waste type

Table C1: Predicted annual m3 waste arising from recommended housing development 2006-2021

Table C2: Predicted annual m3 waste by product type for residential development

District

Predicted annual waste arisings, m3

Standard Good Best

Broxbourne 3,406 - 3,907 2,138 - 3,406 2,138

Dacorum 7,038 - 8,075 4,419 - 7,038 4,419

East Herts 7,152 - 8,205 4,491 - 7,152 4,491

Hertsmere 2,952 - 3,386 1,853 - 2,952 1,853

North Herts 3,973 - 4,558 2,495 - 3,973 2,495

St Albans 4,200 - 4,819 2,637 - 4,200 2,637

Stevenage 9,422 - 10,810 5,916 - 9,422 5,916

Three Rivers 2,157 - 2,475 1,354 - 2,157 1,354

Watford 3,179 - 3,647 1,996 - 3,179 1,996

Welwyn Hatfield 5,790 - 6,642 3,635 - 5,790 3,635

Hertfordshire 49,268 - 56,524 30, 936 - 49,268 30,936

Predicted waste arisings in tonnes from construction of 73 residential units

Waste type Tonnes Target of 1% reduction Target of 5% reduction

Canteen/office/ad-hoc 116.3 115.2 110.5

Ceramics/bricks 93.5 92.6 88.8

Concrete 135.9 134.6 129.1

Electrical equipment 6.6 6.5 6.3

Furniture 0.8 0.8 0.8

Inert 43.1 42.7 41.0

Insulation 64.0 63.4 60.8

Liquids and Oils 0.2 0.2 0.2

Metals 34.7 34.3 32.9

Packaging 170.9 169.2 162.4

Plaster/cement 115.3 114.2 109.6

Plastics 66.1 65.4 62.8

Timber 104.6 103.5 99.3

Grand Total 949.1 939.6 901.7

Waste reduction 9.5 47.5

No skips 13



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