resilient packet ring networks seminar report
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
1/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-1-
1. Introduction
The nature of the public network has changed. Demand for Internet Protocol (IP)
data is growing at a compound annual rate of between 100% and 800%1, while
voice demand remains stable. What was once a predominantly circuit switched
network handling mainly circuit switched voice traffic has become a circuit-
switched network handling mainly IP data. Because the nature of the traffic is not
well matched to the underlying technology, this network is proving very costly to
scale. User spending has not increased proportionally to the rate of bandwidth
increase, and carrier revenue growth is stuck at the lower end of 10% to 20% per
year. The result is that carriers are building themselves out of business.
Over the last 10 years, as data traffic has grown both in importance and volume,
technologies such as frame relay, ATM, and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) have
been developed to force fit data onto the circuit network. While these protocols
provided virtual connectionsa useful approach for many servicesthey have
proven too inefficient, costly and complex to scale to the levels necessary to
satisfy the insatiable demand for data services. More recently, Gigabit Ethernet
(GigE) has been adopted by many network service providers as a way to network
user data without the burden of SONET/SDH and ATM. GigE has shortcomings
when applied in carrier networks were recognized and for these problems, a
technology called Resilient Packet Ring Technology were developed.
RPR retains the best attributes of SONET/SDH, ATM, and Gigabit Ethernet.
RPR is optimized for differentiated IP and other packet data services, while
providing uncompromised quality for circuit voice and private line services. It
works in point-to-point, linear, ring, or mesh networks, providing ring
survivability in less than 50 milliseconds. RPR dynamically and statistically
multiplexes all services into the entire available bandwidth in both directions on
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
2/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-2-
the ring while preserving bandwidth and service quality guarantees on a per-
customer, per-service basis. And it does all this at a fraction of the cost of legacy
SONET/SDH and ATM solutions.
Data, rather than voice circuits, dominates today's bandwidth requirements. New
services such as IP VPN, voice over IP (VoIP), and digital video are no longer
confined within the corporate local-area network (LAN). These applications are
placing new requirements on metropolitan-area network (MAN) and wide-area
network (WAN) transport. RPR is uniquely positioned to fulfill these bandwidth
and feature requirements as networks transition from circuit-dominated topacket-optimized infrastructures.
Table 1. Resilient Packet Ring Technology Key Features
ResilienceProactive span protection automatically avoids failed spans
within 50 ms.
Services
Support for latency/jitter sensitive traffic such as voice and
video. Support for committed information rate (CIR)
services.
Efficiency
Spatial reuse: Unlike SONET/SDH, bandwidth is consumed
only between the source and destination nodes. Packets are
removed at their destination, leaving this bandwidth
available to downstream nodes on the ring.
ScalableSupports topologies of more than 100 nodes per ring.
Automatic topology discovery mechanism.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
3/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-3-
2. RPR Operation
RPR technology uses a dual counter rotating fiber ring topology. Both rings
(inner and outer) are used to transport working traffic between nodes. By
utilizing both fibers, instead of keeping a spare fiber for protection, RPR utilizes
the total available ring bandwidth. These fibers or ringlets are also used to carry
control (topology updates, protection, and bandwidth control) messages. Control
messages flow in the opposite direction of the traffic that they represent. For
instance, outer-ring traffic-control information is carried on the inner ring to
upstream nodes.
Figure 1. RPR Terminology
By using bandwidth-control messages, a RPR node can dynamically negotiate for
bandwidth with the other nodes on the ring. RPR has the ability to differentiate
between low- and high-priority packets. Just like other quality of service (QoS)
aware systems, nodes have the ability to transmit high-priority packets beforethose of low priority. In addition, RPR nodes also have a transit path, through
which packets destined to downstream nodes on the ring flow. With a transit
buffer capable of holding multiple packets, RPR nodes have the ability to
transmit higher-priority packets while temporarily holding other lower-priority
packets in the transit buffer. Nodes with smaller transit buffers can use
bandwidth-control messages to ensure that bandwidth reserved for high-priority
services stays available.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
4/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-4-
The RPR MAC
One of the basic building blocks of RPR is Media Access Control (MAC). As a
Layer-2 network protocol, the MAC layer contains much of the functionality for
the RPR network. The RPR MAC is responsible for providing access to the fiber
media. The RPR MAC can receive, transit, and transmit packets.
Figure 2. MAC Block Diagram
Receive Decision: Every station has a 48-bit MAC address. The MAC will
receive any packets with a matching destination address. The MAC can receive
both unicast and multicast packets. Multicast packets are copied to the host and
allowed to continue through the transit path. Matching unicast packets are
stripped from the ring and do not consume bandwidth on downstream spans.
There are also control packets that are meant for the neighboring node; these
packets do not need a destination or source address.
Transit Path: Nodes with a non-matching destination address are allowed to
continue circulating around the ring. Unlike point-to-point protocols such as
Ethernet, RPR packets undergo minimal processing per hop on a ring. RPR
packets are only inspected for a matching address and header errors (TTL=0,
Parity, CRC).
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
5/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-5-
Transmit and Bandwidth Control: The RPR MAC can transmit both high- and
low-priority packets. The bandwidth algorithm controls whether a node is within
its negotiated bandwidth allotment for low-priority packets. High-priority packets
are not subject to the bandwidth-control algorithm.
Protection:RPR has the ability to protect the network from single span (node or
fiber) failures. When a failure occurs, protection messages are quickly
dispatched. RPR has two protection mechanisms:
Wrapping: Nodes neighboring the failed span will direct packets away from thefailure by wrapping traffic around to the other fiber (ringlet). This mechanism
requires that only two nodes participate in the protection event. Other nodes on
the ring can send traffic as normal.
Figure 3. Wrapped Traffic Flow
Steering: The protection mechanism notifies all nodes on the ring of the failedspan. Every node on the ring will adjust their topology maps to avoid this span.
Regardless of the protection mechanism used, the ring will be protected within
50 ms.
Topology Discovery : RPR has a topology discovery mechanism that allows
nodes on the ring to be inserted/removed without manual management
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
6/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-6-
intervention. After a node joins a ring, it will circulate a topology discovery
message to learn the MAC addresses of the other stations. Nodes also send these
messages periodically (1 to 10 seconds). Each node that receives a topology
message appends its MAC address and passes it to its neighbour. Eventually, the
packet returns to its source with a topology map (list of addresses) of the ring.
Routers are able to use the address resolution protocol (ARP) mechanism to
determine which RPR MAC address belongs to the destination address of an IP
packet. RPR switches and bridges will have a list of stations that they can reach
through a RPR MAC address. The topology map will be used to determine which
direction on the ring will provide the best path to the destination.
Physical Layer
RPR packets can be transported over both SONET and Ethernet physical layers.
The SONET/SDH physical layer offers robust error and performance monitoring.
RPR packets can be encapsulated within the synchronous payload envelope
(SPE) using a high-level data-link control (HDLC)like or generic framing
protocol (GFP) encapsulation. A robust Layer-1 protocol, SONET/SDH provides
information such as loss of signal and signal degrade for use by the RPR
protection mechanism. When using a SONET/SDH physical layer, RPR can be
carried over SONET/SDH TDM transport or dark fiber.
Ethernet provides an economical physical layer for RPR networks. RPR packets
are transmitted with the required inter-packet gap (IPG).
RPR Systems using the SONET physical layer will not interoperate with Ethernet
physical-layer-based systems on the same ring.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
7/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-7-
MAC Frame format
Figure 4. RPR MAC frame.
Destination Address: This one or six byte address (see dual mode addressing) is
the MAC address of the ring node to which the frame is being transmitted, and
therefore does not change from link to link on the ring. This address can also be a
broadcast address
Source Address: This one or six byte address is the MAC address of the ring
node from which the frame is being transmitted, and therefore also does not
change from link to link.
Payload Type: This two-byte field tells the system what type of payload follows
the RPR fields. For example MPEG, ATM or Ethernet.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
8/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-8-
Class of Service (CoS): The three bit CoS field allows the identification of up to
eight Classes of Services, including Expedited Forwarding (EF), six levels of
Assured Forwarding (AF1 through AF6), and Best Effort (BE).
Extension (E) Bit: This field indicates that there is an extension to the RPT
header. This allows for fields that may be added in the future.
Time To Live (TTL): The one byte TTL field is included to allow the RPT ring
topology. It ensures that under no circumstances do RPT frames continue tocirculate in a loop indefinitely.
Flow ID (optional): The 20-bit flow ID field maps a virtual connection from
ingress to egress over the RPT ring. It allows the simple manual or automatic
setup of connection oriented services such as Time Division Multiplexed (TDM)
circuit emulated services and Ethernet virtual leased lines through the packet-
switched network.
Header Error Check (HEC): Borrowing a concept from ATM, the two byte
Header Error Check (checksum) provides a way to test the integrity of the
header, allowing for persistent delivery of frames despite errors in the payload.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): The four byte (32 bit) Cyclic Redundancy
Check (CRC-32) works differently in RPT than it does for standard Ethernet.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
9/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-9-
3. Comparing RPR to Other SolutionsResilient Packet Ring (RPR) technology was designed to combine SONETs
carrier-class functionalities with Ethernets high bandwidth utilization and
granularity. Additionally, RPR technology offers fairness that has been lacking in
todays Ethernet solutions.
RPR has a MAC layer technology as discussed earlier, being standardized in the
IEEE 802.17 workgroup. This employs spatial reuse to maximize bandwidth
utilization, provides a distributed fairness algorithm, and ensures high-speed
traffic protection similar to SONET Automatic Protection Switching (APS). RPR
allows full ring bandwidth to be utilized under normal conditions and protects
traffic in the case of a nodal failure or fiber cut using a priority scheme,
alleviating the need for SONET-based protection. Furthermore, because the RPR
MAC layer can run on top of a SONET PHY, RPR-based networks can provide
performance-monitoring features similar to those of SONET.
RPR technology offers all of these carrier-class functionalities, while at the same
time keeping Ethernets advantages of low equipment cost, high bandwidth
granularity, and statistical multiplexing capability.
The following table summarizes the differences between traditional Ethernet and
RPR:
Table 2. Comparison between Gigabit Ethernet and RPR
GIGABIT ETHERNET RPR
Enterprise-class equipment Carrier-class equipment
Data service only Data, circuit or video service
Point-to-point or mesh topology (No rings) Point-to-point, linear, ring, or mesh
topology
Protection in 50 seconds Protection in 50 milliseconds or less
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
10/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-10-
Simple management Full FCAPS management
Limited scalability 254 nodes per ring, multiple rings
The following table compares SONET/SDH to RPT:
Table 3. Comparison between SONET/SDH and RPT
SONET/SDHT RPT
Manual topology configuration Auto-topology discovery
16 nodes per ring 254 nodes per ring
Fixed, dedicated management
bandwidth
Management bandwidth used as
needed
Time division multiplexing Statistical multiplexing
Manual provisioning of bandwidth
and routes
Manual or dynamic provisioning
No service class awareness Differentiated services in eight classes
Fixed direction traffic routing Least-cost traffic routing
All traffic is protected Per-connection protection
50% of all bandwidth reserved
unusedfor protection
Bandwidth reserved as needed, but still
usable by
unprotected services
Protection per bi-directional span Per-fiber protection
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
11/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-11-
4. Using RPR with SONET and Ethernet
Ethernet is the most common interface within enterprise networks. Although the
optimal customer interface and LAN solution, Ethernet does not work well
within metro networks. Most RPR edge systems offer an Ethernet interface as the
customer interface. SONET/SDH can be used to transport RPRs that use the
SONET/SDH physical layer. A 2.5G RPR can be carried as two optical carrier
(OC)48/synchronous transfer mode (STM)16 channels (inner and outer rings)
inside an OC192/STM64 SONET/SDH ring. This allows customers to utilize
their existing transport infrastructure to deliver legacy TDM services, while RPR
delivers data services efficiently. New SONET advancements such as virtual
concatenation and the link-capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS) allow more
precise and dynamic allocation of bandwidth dedicated to RPR services.
Figure 5. RPR over SONET with Ethernet Customer Interfaces
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
12/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-12-
5. Technical aspects of RPR
Technical aspects of RPR are multicast, spatial reuse, fairness, fast protection
and quality of service.
Multicast
One RPR multicast packet can be transmitted around the ring and can be received
by multiple nodes. Mesh topologies require multicast packets to be replicated
over all possible paths, wasting bandwidth.
Spatial Reuse
RPT has the ability to switch traffic over multiple spans of the ring
simultaneously. Hence, the bandwidth on a particular span between ring nodes is
utilized asynchronously with regard to the bandwidth on other spans. This allows
bandwidth to be added or dropped on a span-by-span basis, which ensuresmaximum utilization of bandwidth in the ring, especially when traffic patterns
are highly distributed. For example, traffic passing from node A to node B will
be dropped at node B, allowing new traffic to be inserted at node B for
transmission to downstream nodes C, D, etc.
Figure 6. RPR Spatial Reuse
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
13/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-13-
Fairness
Fairness is one of the most important features in carrier-class networks. Fairness
is achieved when the traffic characteristics of two service flows that have the
same service level agreement (SLA) are identical, regardless of their network
source and destination.
The RPR protocol can guarantee fairness across the metropolitan network. Each
node on the metro ring executes an algorithm designed to ensure that each node
on the ring will get its fair share of bandwidth. However, ring nodes use the
spatial reuse capability to use additional available bandwidth, which is greater
than their fair share on local ring segments, as long as it doesnt affect other ring
nodes. More specifically, the ring supports weighted fairness, proportional to the
bandwidth each user buys.
Figure 7 demonstrates the operation of the fairness algorithm. Before employing
the fairness algorithm, all nodes transmit at their peak usage rate. At some point
Node 1 experiences congestion and requests upstream nodes to reduce their
transmission rate to the allowed rate. After convergence, each node will receive
its fair share of bandwidth, while nodes that can locally transmit higher rates, like
nodes 2 and 3, without generating congestion on other nodes, continue to
transmit their peak usage rate.
Other data optimized technologies, such as Ethernet, do not provide the carrier-
class fairness guaranteed in RPR-based networks. Ethernet switches prioritize
traffic locally, on every interface on the ring, thus creating unfair conditions for
traffic that has to traverse through several nodes on its way to the destination
node.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
14/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-14-
Figure 7: Fairness in an RPR Ring
Figure 8 demonstrates the lack of fairness in Ethernet-based networks. In this
example, a 10Gbps Ethernet ring connects between the nodes. Nodes 4, 5 and 6
all transmit traffic to node 1, creating congestion between node 1 and node 6.
Under these conditions, node 6 will get half of the total available bandwidth,
while nodes 4 and 5 will each get 25% of the available bandwidth.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
15/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-15-
Figure 8: Unfairness in an Ethernet Ring
Fast Protection and Restoration
The feature that more than any other makes RPR a carrier-class technology is its
fast self-healing capability which allows the ring to automatically recover from a
fiber cut or node failure. This is done by wrapping traffic onto the alternate fiber
within the SONET-class 50msec restoration timeframe. RPR technology
provides carriers with more than SONET-class fast protection and performance
monitoring capabilities; it also enables them to achieve it without dedicating
protection bandwidth, as in the case of SONET, thus eliminating the need to
sacrifice 50% of the ring bandwidth for protection.
Two mechanisms are proposed for fast protection in the RPR MAC - Wrap and
Steer. Each of these mechanisms has its own advantages and limitations, and
both can be used on an RPR ring utilizing the Selective Wrap Independent Steer
(SWIS) scheme.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
16/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-16-
Figure 9 shows an example of the data paths taken before and after a fiber cut
event when Wrap is being used. Before the fiber cut, node 3 sends traffic to node
1 via node 2 (Figure 9a). When the fiber cut occurs (between node 1 and node 2),
node 1 will wrap the inner ring to the outer and node 2 will wrap the outer to the
inner ring. After the wrap, traffic from node 3 to node 1 initially traverses
through the non-optimal path (passing through node 2, back to node 3 and into
the originally assigned port on node 1 - Figure 9b). This is immediately done and
can inherently meet the 50ms criteria, as it is a local decision of the nodes that
identify the fault (in this case, nodes 1 and 2). Subsequently, higher layer
protocols discover the new ring topology and a new optimal path is used (Figure9c). This can take several seconds to converge in a robust manner, after which
the double ring capacity is restored (even though not evenly distributed,
depending on the location of the fault and the ring traffic pattern). Thus, unlike
SONET rings that always pay the redundancy tax to achieve protection, after a
failure; an RPR ring reduces its capacity only for several seconds.
Other data optimized protocols, such as Ethernet, do not provide the SONET-
class restoration time. Typically, spanning tree tools are used for protection in
these cases. In a mesh topology, these tools provide protection time of the order
of 1 second, but in ring topologies, protection time is degraded to the order of 10
seconds or more.
Figure 9: Fast-Protection in RPR Using Wrap
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
17/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-17-
In summary, RPRs fast protection and restoration capability prevents service
loss for high priority critical traffic. And just as SONET does, RPR enables
carriers to continue to support their existing critical traffic over a data optimized
network, without compromising their guaranteed 99.999% service availability.
Quality of Service
Quality of Service (QoS) is required in order to let a carrier effectively charge for
the services it provides. ATM promised to deliver multiple services due to its
rich QoS feature set. However, a carriers service offering should be simple.
Customers should clearly understand the service differentiators for which theyre
required to pay.
Often, a too-rich QoS feature set causes a complicated and incomprehensible
service offering. Furthermore, different service quality features are required for
different types of applications. Data transfer applications require low packet loss
rate, while real-time applications, such as voice, require low latency and low
delay variation.
There are several parameters that more than others govern the characteristics of a
delivered service: Service availability, delay, delay variation and packet loss rate.
Service availability depends on the reliability of the network equipment, as well
as on the network survivability characteristics. Delay occurs in a network when apacket waits in a switch queue for other packets to pass. Delay variation is the
difference in delay of several packets belonging to a common traffic flow. High-
frequency delay variation is called jitter while low-frequency delay variation is
called wander.
The most important parameter for a carrier selling bandwidth services is service
availability. In order to remain competitive, a carrier must guarantee five-nines
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
18/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-18-
(99.999%) service availability, irrespective of other service characteristics. The
respective requirement from the network is that all traffic flows should remain
active under any circumstances, including during a protection event. During a
protection event, and until high layer protocols converge, the available
bandwidth on an OC-192 RPR ring reduces to 10Gbps. In order to guarantee
service for every traffic flow under these circumstances, a portion of each flows
bandwidth should be allocated on this guaranteed throughput. This way, even
during a protection event, service availability is guaranteed and none of the
services is preempted.
Traffic delay is a minor issue in high throughput rings. An end-to-end delay of
several tens of milliseconds is usually regarded as acceptable, while in an OC-
192 ring, the expected delay for the longest Ethernet frames (1518 bytes) is
shorter by three orders of magnitude (about 5(sec).
Delay variation control is essential to ensure proper transport of TDM services
over an RPR ring. Control can be achieved by synchronizing the nodes on the
RPR ring by a common timing source.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
19/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-19-
6. RPR Market Development
ISP Networks
Without barriers of traditional SONET/SDH infrastructures, RPR solutions are
helping ISPs to deliver reliable Internet services (such and IP and video) and
address the growing bandwidth service requirements for the next-generation
intra-point of presence (POP), exchange point, and server farm/storage
applications.
Regional Metro Networks
RPR enables regional metro networks designed to deliver Internet services (such
as IP, VoIP, and video) to the metro. RPR regional metro solutions are available
for transport over dark fiber, over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and
over SONET/SDH, cable MSO, and enterprise/campus MANs.
Metro Access Networks
RPR enables metro access solutions for service providers looking to deliver
Internet services (such as IP, VoIP, and VPN) to metro access networks with
direct Ethernet connectivity for multi-tenant/multidwelling customers and edge
programmability.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
20/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-20-
7. Summary of features and benefits of RPR
RPR provides the following benefits to service provider networks:
Packet-optimized, Layer 1 independent protocol that allows the integration ofDWDM, transport, switching and routing functions in a single platform.
Differentiated data services, with advanced QoS mechanisms. Point-to-point and multipoint services. Topology flexibility, including the ability to have spans running at different
data rates and with different numbers of fibers and wavelengths, as well as the
ability to have asymmetry in the bandwidth.
End-to-end networking through a standard, heterogeneous IP/MPLS network. Full interworking with standard IP, MPLS, Ethernet, and circuit-based
networks.
Maximum utilization of the fiber bandwidth under both normal andprotection-switched conditions.
Minimum disruption of user services during a protection-switching event.Specifically, full restoration of all
protected service well within the 50-millisecond period specified by SONETand SDH standards.
Maximum configurability of the switch as to its behavior under all conditions. Ease of provisioning and management of the ring. Significantly simplified network operations vs. ATM and SONET/SDH
approaches.
Faster deployment of services.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
21/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-21-
8. Conclusion
The main objective of Resilient Packet Ring technology is to enable a true
alternative to SONET transport for packet networks, providing carriers with
resiliency, fast protection and restoration, and performance monitoring
comparable to those of SONET networks.
RPR was designed to combine SONET strengths of high availability, reliability
and TDM services support, with Ethernets low-cost, superior bandwidth
utilization and high service granularity characteristics.
Unlike SONET, RPR provides an Ethernet-like cost curve as well as superior
bandwidth utilization, both in its Ethernet-like statistical multiplexing, and in its
spatial reuse capabilities. Spatial reuse provides an extremely efficient use of
shared media traffic in metro/access rings, since it is expected that in the near
future most traffic originating in a metro area will remain within the same
metro/access ring.
Unlike next-generation SONET solutions that integrate both transport and data
switching in the same network element, RPR is a transport technology that fits
into existing carriers operations model, this tremendously reduces the required
operational expenses in deployment as well as the maintenance expensesassociated with the manual provisioning process of todays transport networks.
Unlike Ethernet transport technology, RPR provides five-nines availability
using SONET-grade fast protection and restoration, carrier-class fairness, the
ability to transparently carry and groom TDM traffic, and SONET-like reliability
and performance monitoring capabilities.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
22/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-22-
RPRs provide a reliable, efficient, and service-aware transport for both enterprise
and service-provider networks. Combining the best features of legacy
SONET/SDH and Ethernet into one layer, RPR maximizes profitability while
delivering carrier-class service. RPR will enable the convergence of voice, video,
and data services transport.
RPR is being promoted and standardized by industry leaders as well as by
innovative startup companies, and is positioned to take a major role in
deployment of next generation carrier-class networks.
Standardization
The IEEE 802.17 working group is working on the industry standard for an RPR
MAC. This group was formed in January 2001 and expects to complete the
standard in mid-2003.
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
23/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-23-
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
24/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-24-
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION2. RPR OPERATION
RPR MAC MAC FRAME FORMAT
3. COMPARING RPR TO OTHER SOLUTIONS.4. USING RPR WITH SONET AND ETHERNET5. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF RPR
6. RPR MARKET DEVELOPMENT
7. SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF RPR
8. CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCES
-
8/2/2019 RESILIENT PACKET RING Networks Seminar Report
25/25
RPR Seminar Report 03
Dept. of ECE MESCE, Kuttippuram-25-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am deeply indebted to Prof. P.V. Abdul Hameed, Head of the
Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering, MES College
of Engineering, Kuttipuram for his sincere and dedicated cooperation and
encouragement for the seminar.
I would also like to thank our guide Mr.Berly C.J, Lecturer, Department
of ECE, MES College of Engineering, Kuttipuram, for his invaluable advice and
wholehearted cooperation without which this seminar would not have been a
success.
Gracious gratitude to all the faculty of the department of ECE for their
valuable advice and encouragement.
FAYEZ MOIDU