Project Report On Residential Space Planning At Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer Submitted To Dezyne E’cole College Towards The Partial Fulfillment Of The Bachelor’s In Science in Interior Designing By Ankita Gupta

Dezyne E’cole College 106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer Tel:0145-2624679

www.dezyneecole.com

Dezyne E’cole College

106/10, Civil Lines

Ajmer- 305001, Rajasthan

Tel:0145-2624679

Fax: +91 145 2624679

Dezyne E’cole College

106/10, Civil Lines

Ajmer- 305001, Rajasthan

Tel:0145-2624679

Fax: +91 145 2624679

www.dezyneecole.com

This Project Report of Ms/Mr. Of Fashion/Interior Design Has Been

Graded As.

Thanking You

Principal

(Seal & Signature)

Content –

1. Interior Design Industry.

2. The work of Interior Designer.

3. Residential Design.

4. Planning Consideration.

5. Case Study.

6. Climatology.

7. Building Envelope.

8. Building Orientation.

9. Green Homes

10. Day lighting.

11. Rain Water harvesting

12. Location of Site.

13. Bye Laws.

14. Plan of the House and space planning.

15. Design Part.

16. My Skills and my Knowledge.

17. Bibliography.

Interior Design Industry

A house is a place where a person behaves in his natural form and is mainly for

providing shelter. Since prehistoric times, human beings looked for shelter, For

Example, The Caves or the Meticulously Planned Towns of Mohenjo-Daro

Harappa.

To the present day houses which have grown up more luxurious and beautiful.

For a man’s house is his castle, wrote Sir Edward Coke. This sentence was

coined by him in the 17th century and since then we have a beautiful heritage of

something known as a Period House, starting from or beginning with the Tudor

and the Jacobean Style from the year 1485 to 1625. This period let towards the

development of Sophisticated Structure and Classicized Decoration. This period

saw the development of the increased specialization of how a room functions

within a house. In the middle ages, the King would live in one big room where he

would eat, sleep and conduct affairs of state. Fabric Hangings was considered

inappropriate for the rooms in which people ate, as they tended to retain the

smell of the food. During this time Timber, Bricks and Stones were used. The

stone houses had less decoration than the timber one’s, as stone was more

difficult and expensive to carve. During this period the Bay Window came into

being along with the Oriel Windows.

People used built in furniture during this time. The Tudor and Jacobean Period

was followed by Baroque Period (1625-1714).This period had the development of

Courtly Style, this style had the development of rooms as basement, the Piano

Nobile(main reception floor) and Attic (top floor). The Piano Nobile had pediment

windows and very high height. It was the area where the ceremonial works were

taken up.

This period had grand carved entrance with the use of acanthus leaves and

bulging fruits. This time period had the designs created by famous artist

Michelangelo. This period was followed by Early Georgian, Colonial, British

Victorian, Edwardian, Art Noveau, the Modern Movement (1920-1950). The

Modern Movement played an important role in the design industry with designers

like Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn and Frank Lloyd Wright. Their

contribution lead to meticulously designed houses with proper planning and

consideration to functionality with well-developed clean uncluttered spaces,

electrical wirings buried in the structure along with the proper plumbing and water

disposal.

Metal windows with large glass panes, healthy, hygienic and efficient homes

were developed. Sullivan’s disciple Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), designed

buildings which relied more on spaces and form. This kind of design made the

great impression on Walter Gropius (1883-1969), Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe

(1886-1969). They defined the doctrine of Modernism in the 1920’s.

Louis Kahn came up with the idea of design development of interior spaces

focusing more on served and servant spaces. He believed that the served space

should have the servant areas near to it so that the functionality of the room

increases.

For Example The living room having the servant areas as kitchens and toilets.

This concept of his along with the other ideas has been popular till today. After

the World War II IN 1941 rational planning and economy were combined with

high standards of mechanical services in housing project where the designers

were more concerned with how a building perform than whether it look modern.

The modern movement sought to eliminate extra detailing and focused more on

simplicity with the advancement of prefabricated materials like plywood, glass

and other materials developed a design area where more of fresh air and

maximum sunlight were prerequisite. One of the best characteristic which

developed in the first phase of modernism was the elimination of the patterns and

texture on walls. People used smooth plaster, glass brick and room dividers in

apartments with open plan layout.

All this required a development of well-educated work force that could support

the interior design industry and this lead to the development from the Indian

Government to take interest in the design field.

The Indian Government has formulated a body known as Indian Design Council

which plays an important role in promoting design developments. The

government of India setup The Indian Design Council at IIT Mumbai in the year

1969 for initiating the Post Graduate Program in Industrial Design. But prior to

setting industrial design education the development of art and design in India

developed in the year 1840. The first art school known as the Bombay Art School

(1857) now known as Sir JJ School Of Arts, the college of Arts Calcutta catered

to the Indian Design Development. In the year 1913 Kala Bhawan, the Art

College was setup as part of Shanti Niketan by the Tagore family. Not only this,

in the year 1922 Rabindra Nath Tagore met Walter Gropius and invited him for

an exhibition to India. In 1958, The Government of India invited Charles and Ray

Eames to train the small industries to develop the craft and small scale industry

which resulted in the development of India

Design Report. In the year 1960, based on the report of Charles and Ray Eames,

the Government of India setup the National Institute of Design (NID,

Ahmadabad). In 1987 the Ministry of Textiles setup the National Institute of

Fashion Technology in Delhi (NIFT). In the year 1997, the full fledged department

of design with Bachelor in Design, Masters in Design and the Doctoral Degrees

came up at IIT, Mumbai. From the year 1999 the private design schools along

with the state universities started developing students with the formal design

education so that the design industry could have the best brains to device

functional designs. This setup was taken because as the modern designs

entered the Indian Market.

For Example Kohler, Duravit, Kitchen World, Hacker Kitchens, Etc.

We would see the development of a specialized market being developed for the

customers like Bathroom Solutions, Kitchen Solutions, Bedroom and Closet

Design Solutions. These solutions provided by the industries are not tailor made.

To make the design as per the Indian Client the Interior Designer has to study

the Indian Environment, the Client, his Needs, Budget and then device a design

which is customer friendly at the same time functional as per the Indian needs.

After all house is a place where by the end of the client should be able to relax

and be fresh. It is not a zone to be developed to show off the neighbors.

This project report showcases my project based on the hypothetical client,

requirements in the section of residential design.

Acknowledgment

The project “Residential Design” has enlighten me about various aspects of

planning and designing of residential building.

I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E’cole College and to my mentors who gave

me the opportunity to know about the various aspects of residential space

planning and designing and helped me in preparing this project.

Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of

him I was able to submit this project on time.

Ankita Gupta

B.Sc ID

The work of Interior Designer

Interior design is a practice to bringing in best visual appeal and best utilization of

a space keeping the client views and needs in mind.

The work of an Interior Designer is manipulation of space keeping in mind the

orientation of the building so as it can contribute to the environment.

An Interior designer implies that there is more emphasize on planning, functional

design and effective use of space. It sees to the connectivity between the

spaces. Proper utilization of space circulation and a space which increase the

efficiency of a human being.

It also focus on working drawing specification, orthographic projection,

axonometric views perspective drawing etc.

Residential Design

“A good surrounding makes person love life and live better”. He becomes more

concentrated and his efficiency increase as the space makes all this difference

and this is what we need to pay attention to in the home to that is home to that is

the Residential spaces. It is a space where a person relaxes after a day’s hard

work and want to be charged, fresh, confident, for her next day.

All this can be achieved if he has the house designed as per his needs that is a

space that nurtures a human being into a more efficient person this is what is

Interior Design or Design of space “where a man does not adjust the house but

the house adjust with the person” very correctly said by a very well-known

designers of the world Le Corbusier (The person behind designing the city of

Chandigarh), machine for living.

In earlier time design was done by painters like Michelangelo who worked with

golden mean but human dimension where not considered. Then latter designers

worked on the principle of anthropometrics (study of human dimension to create

any design) of which they got idea from furniture designing.

A quote by Scottish architect, Darcy brad dell attempted, in his 1932 book “How

to look at building” to help people understand why some building seen to feel

right while other do not. He felt that proper and considered proportions were

much more important than anything else. Further the held that “every part must

make up a whole that no one thing is beautiful in itself, that restraint is superior to

excess and that selection is the key to design.

Planning Consideration

To design any residential area proper planning and brain storming to be done.

The planning phase of residence is the most important phase because this leads

to the developed of structure of the house based on the shapes and form

chosen. The residence design should be planned based on needs of the person

and it has been seen all human beings requirement and moods are to create

extend similar. What we have seen in magazines and book showcasing beautiful

image of decorated room by which a person feels happy to see them.But Interior

Design not so easy like attractive image of the book. The design has to be

functional so that the person can feel the space, express his self at the same

time enjoy the space.

In India who has a climate which is hot and dried the year and sun shine brightly

the whole year in winter month being less.It is in this surrounding that a

residence of a person would access to a device a proper Interior Design one

must see the outside building envelope along with interior space so that we can

achieve the client requirements. A room which is sun field makes a person happy

them space which is dull and dark.

Case Study

The case study given to me is

Plan a Residential Layout for Mr. Manish Shah who is on the higher post of the

Government.

There are four members in the family, his wife and two children. The family loved

socializing and meeting people, they want a bungalow or a house which is more

open with a beautiful landscape around the house. The family main preference is

balcony which should be a cozy sit out in the house. The family is having a good

lifestyle and is upper class living.

The space given for the construction is 4500 sq. feet.

Climatology

My client site is situated in Ajmer .And to device it in proper planning .It begins

with a factor of climate of this places Climatology this bench of seen which deals

with the climate and the change of the year and the weather.

Macro climate–

Location of India In the world has North East direction.

Longitude of India 88° to 90°.

Latitude of India8° to 37°.

The whole India has tropical man soon climate seen the greater part of the

country lies within the trophies and the climate in influenced by the monsoons.

Location of Rajasthan in the India has North West direction

Climate and temperature of Ajmer:

The planned situated at Ajmer in civil lines.

Ajmer has typical and hot and air zone. Summer are hot with maximum

temperature of 40° c ,the minimum is nearly 28° c. Winter are chilly with minimum

loaches nearly 5° c.

Longitude of Ajmer 74° 42 North.

Latitude of Ajmer 26° 27 East.

Distance between Railway station and Bus stop to the purpose site .Distance

from Railway station =1200m.

Bus Stop=650m.

Micro Climate-

Apart from micro climate which is in our control. Which we can change according

to the place.

For ex: If south direction is zone from where wind prevails or which is the

direction of wind, then if the water body is situated in south, the wind entering in

the house will be cool. Beside this we can see that micro climate can be change

by landscaping because when the Ray of sunlight radiate The light and in a very

little quantity It brings out the heat back therefore it makes the place less hot.

Many trees are planted in the south-west direction because they are helpful to

bring down the speed of western wind. West wind blows very fast and trees are

as like an obstruct which brings the speed down. Trees are planted in south so

that they protect our building from the direct sun light.

Having all these above planning in my considerations, I added water body at

south direction in my plan landscaping done very well in the plan.

Building Envelope

The basic meaning of building Envelope is the Surrounding environment of the

building. Building Envelope are such elements that separate the Interior and

Exterior Environment of building.

My client house is located in Ajmer at Civil Lines. The site is located in North-

East direction of Ajmer. The building envelope is a tall two story building toward

north east Mangal bhavan, toward the south-west another building which has

commercial in nature and as two storey towards the South. We have the

Horticulture Department with tall neem trees in the plot. We have a lane toward

South –West direction too. Comparatively in narrow lane where motorbikes can

entered on the back side of plot toward North-West we have two house and

Ashoka tree.

In building Envelope including the Foundation, Roof, Wall, Door and Window and

also include physical protection from weather climate. The building envelope is

focus on the controllable factor, that are rain control, air control, temperature

control.

Orientation

Orientation of the building generally used to refers to solar orientation which is

the sitting of building with respect of solar access.

A thought any building will have different orientation for it is different sides, the

orientation can refer to a particular room or to the most important facade of the

building. The building orientation can have an impact on heating, lighting and

cooling costs. By maximum southern exposure, for example, One can take

advantage of optimal advantage of the Sun for day light and passive solar

heating this will result in lower cooling cost by minimizing western exposures.

Where it is most difficult to provide shade from the sun. The designer must

consider and prioritize all factor and site condition affecting building orientation.

For example- A building might have to take heat of multiple orientation factors

depending on function requirement: designing. For Cooling load or Heating load.

To take advantage of north south day lighting, the building may be oriented along

an east-west axis. But this may be counter to street lines and other site

consideration. Orientation of the building entrance may have to respect street

access, activity zones, and local urban design guideline.

For most reason optimum façade orientation is typically south. South facing glass

is relatively easy to shade with an overhang during the summer to minimize solar

heat gain. Light shelves also can work well with the higher sun in the southern

exposure. North facing glass receives good daylight but relatively little direct

isolation, so heat gain is less of a concern.

East and west window orientation and horizontal all result in more undesired heat

gain in the summer then winter. East and west sun glare is also more difficult to

control for occupant comfort because of low sun angles in early morning and

afternoon.

Green homes

There is a considerable amount of stress given towards shaping up a space

consuming less of non – renewable resources and can have a mechanism to

work with the renewable sources of energy in order to cut the electricity, fuel

consumption and various other costs in a building. For this process certain

principles to make green buildings are followed:

The site and its surroundings – has been checked for the implementation of

proper design.The main source of uninterrupted sunlight is the east,

northern zone possess a huge structure casting overshadow on half of the

space, southern zone has to be planted with more of tall tress to provide

screening from the excessive sunlight penetration. West will be done with

creepers for cutting down heat and maintenance of privacy.

Energy efficiency – the whole structure will have solar energy to be utilized

as the main source of energy to reduce electricity costs. Maximum of

daylight will be taken inside to provide proper vision, reduce damping

problems as well as to enable good and needed vision.

For the penetration of natural light, day lighting concept is to be taken out

with the usage and placement of doors, windows, ventilators.

Daylighting

Day Light is the practice of placing Window or other openings and reflective

Surface so that during the day natural light provides effective internal lighting.

Particular attention is given to day lighting while designing a building when the

aim is to maximize visual comfort or to reduce energy use. Energy savings can

be achieved either from the reduced use of artificial (electric) lighting or from

passive solar heating or cooling. Artificial lighting energy use can be reduced by

simply installing fewer electric lights because daylight is present, or by dimming/

switching electric lights automatically in response to the presence of day light, a

process known as Day light harvesting.

Day light is a technical term given to a common centuries-old, geography and

culture

Independent design basic when Rediscovered by20th century architects. The

amount of Day light received in an internal space can be analyzed by

undertaking a Day light factor calculation. Today, the use of computers and

proprietary industry software such as Radiance can allow an architect or

engineer to quickly undertake complex calculations to review the benefit of a

particular design.

Light give life to the every objects. Light brings every other design element into

perspective, from architectural details and decoration to all your perspective.

Although you can light your name with an artificial lights sources. Natural lights is

so important that we could not live without it 20% of the U.S. population suffers

from a look of natural light studies house shown that student do letter when their

class are held in Natural light. Glass opening are the means by which we bring

Natural light into and the type of glass opening we include in our homes that how

much light enters, where it goes& how it affects the Interiors Design. Glass

opening increase the visual space of room it makes, Interiors space seems

larges. And integrating this space with the surrounding environments.

Rain water harvesting

Rain water harvesting is also another important factor of building envelope.

Landscaping, Water body, trees etc. Do help to control air and heat. we have

discuss about these things in micro climate

Location of site

Total Land Area: - 500 Square Yard

Total Land Area (In Feet): - 4500 Square Feet

Site Location: - Civil Lines, Ajmer

Landmarks to Reach Site:- Savitri College , Bus Stand , Ajmer Club , Ajmer

Hospital ,RTDC

Site Distance: -From Bus Stand - 0.5K.m.From Railway Station- 4.5K.m.

Planned site

Direction of site is South East

Bye-laws

We need space for landscaping, plantation and water body so many setbacks

are to be left on the plot. The setbacks are left according to government building

by- laws.

It is helpful to do the activities such as planning, designing construction in the

same zone.

The building which is planted based on Bye-laws are comfort able to live in have

proper light (natural light), ventilation and air circulation and air safe.

I have also left setbacks in my planning which make good ventilation, natural light

(Day Light) for the building.

The various aspects of building activities covered by the bye-laws is summarized

as under:

1) Distance from electric lines.

2) Lines of building frontages.

3) Open space within a plot.

4) Built up area limitation.

5) Norms relating to size and height of rooms and requirements of part of

building.

6) Lighting and ventilation of spaces.

7) Parking space.

8) Exit requirements.

9) Fire protection requirements.

10) Structural safety requirements.

Setbacks 3-5 feet

Setbacks 3-5 feet Setbacks 3-5 feet

Setbacks8-10 feet

House Plan

The Pdf of the House plan are attached in the other folder.

3D view of the house

Area given to me for designing secondary living Room

Space Planning

Brain Storming for Secondary living room

This is the final plan of Secondary Living Room

The final plan of Secondary living Room According to

Anthropometrics and agronomics

These plans done by me on Drafting

Design Process

The design process is a term that carries or course a set of operation which

when carefully undertaken by the designer result in a thoroughly considered and

well-crafted design solution that meets the need of the client.

Design might be seen as a linear activity with a start point at which the client

makes the first contact with the designer, and an end point, when the project has

been implemented (i.e constructed or built)

“Design is not so much about form and space, as it is about people and situation.

So the ultimate aim is not to design a good building but to design a good

situation, and the good building is just an instrument for that purpose.”

The first step in designing starts with research, analysis and exploration of

concept related to architecture and its integration with the environment.

Concept – Kathakali

Kathakali is the most well- known dance drama of the south Indian state of

Kerala. The word kathakali literally means “story play”. Kathakali has a long

tradition. It dates back to the 17th

century. It was given its present form by

Mahakavi Vallathol Narayan Menon, who was the founder of the Kerala Kala

Mandalam.

The themes played out in the Kathakali are usually from religion or mythology.

That typically deals with the Mahabharata, the Ramayana and the ancient

scriptures known as the Parana’s.

A Kathakali performance is a major, all-night social event. It generally begins at

dusk and is performed throughout the night. Kathakali is usually performed only

by men. Female characters are portrayed by men dressed in women’s costumes.

Another distinct feature of Kathakali is its elaborate costume and make up. It is a

magical sight to watch Kathakali artistes performing in their traditional attire.

Each character is instantly recognizable by his characteristic make-up and

costume.

The make-up is so elaborate that it is more like a mask than make-up in the

usual sense. The materials used in the makeup are all locally available. The

white material is made from rice flour, the red is made from Vermilion (a red earth

such as cinnabar) and black is made from soot. The colors are not merely used

for decoration, but are also a means of portraying characters. For instance, red

on the feet is used to symbiosis evil character and evil intent. People from all

over the world appreciate and admire the beauty of this distinguished art.

Concept Generation Ideas

The concept helps in many ways-

It helps the designer to make spatial layout.

It helps in choosing material for the design.

It act as Guide in choosing the colour and the lighting scheme for a interior

space.

(Concept board pdf is attached in the other folder)

Conjunctive or Imperial concept Disjunctive or abstract concept

Concept observable through the naked senses

such as colour, material, design style or like the

use of lighting, etc. This kind of concept is more

obvious and easy to identify for a client.

Concept that does not truly exist in the

physical world but rather subsists in the mind

like a mood- happy, peaceful, efficient etc. This

type of concept is more subtle and underline

and may not become obvious to the audience.

Gestalt Theory

Gestalt cytologist find out that we need to see the problem and think the problem

as a whole.

Gestalt effect is in the form of generating capability of our senses.

It helps in Visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a

collection of simple lines and curves.

This principle of perception help us to perceive the patterns and objects in the

background as per the whole form, it is like in a first glance do you see the figure

in front of you or in background.

Gestalt Principle

Law of

Similarit

y

Law of

Proximit

y

Law of

common

fate

Law of

closure Law of

Symmetry

Law of

past

experience

Law of

Continuity

Law of

good

Gestalt

Questionnaire

I. Which Direction will you prefer for the secondary living room:

North

South

East

West

II. What facilities to be given in secondary living room:

Sit out

Music system

Games

III. How the living room should be:

More of Day lighting

Cozy and comfortable

Quit Look

Warmth

IV. Do you want a window sitting area:

As a bay window

As separate sitting near the window

A passage balcony outside the window

Only view from the window

V. Which colour scheme will you prefer:

Cool colours

Warm colours

Neutral

VI. Do you want to use the furniture:

You already have

Want of your own choice

To be design by us

VII. Do you want living room to be leveled on:

Same Plane

Depressed Plane

Above the Plane

VIII. Do you require curtain on the window, which type:

Roman Blind

Sheer

Venetian Blind

IX. Location of the secondary living room:

Near the entrance

Away from the entrance

X. Do you want the living room to be well lighted during daytime with sunlight:

Yes

No

XI. How many seaters of the seating area required:

2

4

6

Plan of Secondary living room

Day lighting in my area

Brain storming for Secondary Living Room

Keeping this into mind and elaborate study was conducted by me through

various books and magazines. I visited many of the website to study how the

houses of the world were designed at the same time houses of traditional Kerala.

The first point which had to pay attention here was my client wanted a higher end

design layout where an elegant ambience could be developed with and addition

of sophisticated an at the same time freshness.

For this I made a collage of the various element of the concept which I took

“Kathakali”. This collage gave me idea to select the colours textures and the feel

which I had to give in my client house the colour chosen for the room to be

design – living room was dealt in the following manner.

As per the plan of the living room, the space is a huge space with a lot of daylight

pouring with excessive daylight from southern side where the stairs have been

positioned a lot of glare and heat will be developed and when the light falls on the

stair the reflection will be more leading to tiredness and presence of glair we

need to bring down to more softer and comfortable friendly space development. I

prefer more of friendly space development because this is the central part of the

house where the family will be spending maximum more hours together.

The main challenge of design area is we are supposed to design two setting area

primary and secondary at the same time I want to be space friendly, if I choose

friendly I am supposed to use yellow and orange. This is colour is opted by me

because of fact our concept kathakali but this colour is not a right choice to be

adopted in space provided to me because this space generate more heat and

space will not appear friendly because of the high amount of daylight keeping

those point in mind, i resorted to the refreshing colours as these colours include

cool blue and green paired with red – orange, green blue or teal refreshing

sparkle lightness along with providing a sense of calmness.

These colour are also present in a concept chosen by me is Kathakali.

(Colour board and mood board pdf are attached in the other folder)

Brain storming on

colours to be

selected

To design my living room the next step in my design development is the

formulation of the type of concept chosen by me concept generation can be

empirical concept where we select a concept that we observe through our naked

sense such as the colour material type, texture etc. and the other being. In the

abstract concept we developed a design through feeling and mood.

In my project I have selected the empirical concept where I have resorted to the

usage of my five sense eye ,nose, ears, skin and tong and concept being

kathakali. The various textures finishes and the feel of the various surfaces the

usage of fabric using in my design are all depending the development of the

textures which I have researched and device from the concept picture of

Kathakali.

(Texture Board and Material Board pdf are attached in Other Folder)

(The pdf of the living room elevation and 3D of living room are attached in other

folder)

My Skills and my Knowledge

To enrich my knowledge skills in my Bachelor’s Program and Diploma Program I

studied several subject and topics as stated below

I have studied about the various Doors and Windows and to understand them

better I have made assignments on various types of Doors and Windows.(see in

the Pdf)

I also studied about the Brick Masonry. I made several assignments on Brick

Masonry of different bonds with different thickness of walls. (see in the Pdf)

I have also made various assignments on colours and presentations on elements

and principles of designing as:

I also studied about the types of arches and types of ceilings. I made several

assignments on types of arches and types of ceiling.

I also done Drafting, So that we can express our views and ideas on paper.

I have also studied about the Base Plane, Elevated Base Plane and Depressed

Base Plane. The Base Plane when leveled either elevated or depressed create

interest in a house, visual continuity is maintained.

Base Plan Elevated base Plan

Depressed Base Plan

Then I studied the Organization of Spaces such as Space within a Space,

Interlocking Space, Adjacent Spaces and Spaces Linked by a Common Space.

Organization of Spaces

I also studied about the various approaches such as Frontal, Oblique and Spiral.

I also learnt about space planning and designing of kitchen and Bath room ( see

in the pdf).

I have also learnt the designing software as Auto CAD and Google Sketch

up, while learning the basics of the software I made a Basic Auto CAD

Assignment which includes the basic shapes, basic layouts.

(assignments are attached in the other Folder)

Bibliography

The project would not have been successful the guidance of my Mentors and

reference book of various expert designers such as:

Primary Elements-D.K Ching

Building Construction – Sushil Kumar,B.C Punmia

Louis Kahn’s Principle

Elements of Style