resettlement planning document...compensation policy canal improvement works 1 loss of structure...

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Resettlement Planning Document Updated Resettlement Plan JULY 2013

India: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Supplementary Financing Prepared by Kolkata Municipal Corporation The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

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Executive Summary Kolkata Environmental Improvement project (KEIP), a joint effort of Government of India, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata Municipal Corporation and Asian Development Bank, aimed to arrest environmental degradation and improve quality of life in the city of Kolkata. The loan agreement for KEIP (1813 IND) was signed on 18 December 2001 and the loan became effective from 16 April 2002. The supplementary loan agreement (2293 IND) was signed on 21 February 2007 and became effective from 1 June 2007. The loan was scheduled for closure on 31 Dec 2010, but was extended twice up to June 30 2013. The Project initially had the following components: (i) Part A: stakeholder consultation program; (ii) Part B: sewerage and drainage (S&D) improvements; (iii) Part C: solid waste management; (iv) Part D: slum improvements; (v) Part E: canal improvements; and (vi) Part F: implementation assistance and capacity building. Of the above-mentioned components, the majority of the permanent resettlement impacts were due to the canal improvement works. This Resettlement Plan (RP), updated at the time of loan closure in June 2013, contains the following changes as compared to the updated RP of 2006:

- One project component was dropped from the scope; - Location of land for resettlement sites; - Land requirements for sewerage and drainage works; - Design changes with regard to canal improvement works; - Inclusion of previously separately approved short resettlement plan dated February 2010

regarding Padirhati pumping station subproject; - Number of affected families.

No changes have been made with regard to the entitlements in the entitlement matrix. During the process of updating this RP, a status report has been prepared and a subsequent action plan has been agreed, with defined responsibilities and time frames, to enable the project to complete the resettlement process after closure of the ADB loan. Component dropped from scope. Part C, Solid waste management, was dropped from the scope. This component is now removed from the RP. Location of land for resettlement sites. Regarding relocation site distance, the 2006 RP mentions that all relocation sites will be within 2.5 km distance of the original settlements; thus ensuring that APs can continue to remain near their sources of livelihoods and thus saved from total disruption to their lives. However, though the Project made every effort, it was difficult to identify suitable government land that matched the distance criterion at all locations. Hence, while the distance to resettlement sites ranges between 0.1 – 3.8 kilometers for a majority of canal locations, one resettlement site is located 12.5 kilometers away. Land requirements for sewerage and drainage works. In case of Component B, the 2006 RP mentioned as the land requirement 2.58 hectares for sewage pumping stations, all on government land. This has changed: 1.044 acres land is required for sewage pumping stations, of which 0.81 acres was government land while 0.0.234 acres were acquired from private owners. 1 Sewage treatment plant works were proposed/undertaken within existing facility

1 Eight drainage pumping stations originally proposed were dropped from the Project based on revised project design.

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premises. Component B was also anticipated to result in temporary impacts during construction of trunk sewer lines. Design changes with regard to canal improvement works. For Component E, 77.31 kilometers of canals were proposed for improvement in 2006 of which about 62.5 kilometers was undertaken. In addition, 68.93 kilometers of channels for East Kolkata Wetlands, passing through uninhabited area were proposed for rehabilitation, without any anticipated IR impacts. Resettlement impacts on significant numbers of canal bank families (identified as 3326 in 2006 and later revised to 2880 families) were identified. Land requirement for resettlement was initially identified as 19.07 acres, which stands reduced to 16.963 acres. Inclusion of previously separately approved short resettlement plan regarding Padirhati pumping station subproject. During the course of the works, the survey and assessment found that this resulted in some degree of resettlement impact. The objective of this subproject was to install a combined pumping station at Padirhati where waste water from sewerage running along Santoshpur Road and Ramdas Hati Road will flow into. 0.0887 Ha of area was required for installation of the proposed pumping station. Based on the census undertaken in December, 2009 it was estimated that 28 households will be affected by the subproject, of which 15 households will lose vacant land. The remaining 13 households would be temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their shops during installation of the pumping station. The number of total affected persons (AP) as derived from 28 surveyed households is 187. Number of affected families. The number of affected families declined from 3,626 in year 2000 to 3,365 in the year 2006. The reduction in 261 affected households was effected through design changes that helped avoid resettlement impacts. In 2011, the number of affected families further reduced to 3067, as 298 families were unwilling to relocate to the newly constructed flats. The project authority undertook desilting of stretches of canals without relocating unwilling card-holders or causing any damage to their properties. By 2012, allotment of 2,880 flats was completed. In May 2013 the remaining 187 card-holders were surveyed to ascertain their willingness to relocate. Barring 31 families that could not be traced, all 156 families indicated a lack of willingness to relocate – 97 due to potential livelihood loss and the remaining due to provision of legal water and electricity connections to their residences by the concerned authorities. Works have been completed without the need for their resettlement. Adding the 28 affected families from the Padirhati pumping station, the total affected families stands now at (2880 + 28 =) 2908 affected families. No changes in entitlements. The entitlements in the Matrix remain unchanged. One change is made compared to the 2006 RP: the entitlements for solid waste management component are deleted, as it is dropped from the scope.

Entitlement Matrix2 Type of Loss Application Definition of

Entitled Person Compensation Policy

Canal Improvement Works

1 Loss of structure

Loss of residential structure

Encroacher/ squatter household head

1. Provision of 190 square foot Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease.

2 Provisions of the 2006 Entitlement Matrix for canal improvement works, which involved the maximum IR impacts are used in the assessment of resettlement implementation in this RP.

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Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled Person

Compensation Policy

2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300 3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees related

to moving into VAMBAY flats. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households

(item 4).

2 Loss of structure

Loss of commercial structure

Encroacher/squatter business operator

1. Provision of 100 square foot shops which will form part of the VAMBAY complex

3 provided to AP with the condition that

employee(s) if any will be retained. 2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300 3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related

to shops. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households

(item 4). 3 Loss of

structure Loss of residential cum commercial structure


1. Provision of 190 square foot ground floor VAMBAY flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease on the condition that employee(s) if any will be retained.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300 3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related

to moving into VAMBAY flats. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households

(item 4).

4 Impacts on highly vulnerable APs

Loss of structure

Households headed by females, the elderly (over 65) or handicapped, and BPL households. Child laborers

1. Provision of ground floor VAMBAY flats which has commercial possibilities.

2. Livelihood training. 3. Priority in allocation of land for social forestry and

vegetable/crop production along canal banks.

1. Schooling based on National Policy. 2. Implementing a plan of action for rehabilitation co-developed

with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and CBOs. 3. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child

laborers into the educational stream. 5 Loss of

Community Structures

Loss of access to community structures

Community 1. Replacement of affected schools. 2. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be provided for

activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings.

3. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the community organization allowed.

Sewerage and Drainage

6 Temporary loss of access

Temporary loss of access to land, structure, utilities, common property resource

Legal owner(s), tenant(s), leaseholder(s), encroacher(s), or squatter(s)

1. 60 days advance notice including a repeat notification 30 days in advance, notification through loudspeakers 7 days in advance, and notification through Cable Network 3 days in advance

2. Provision of temporary access (e.g. planks across trenches) where possible and traffic management to ensure access is maintained

3. Restoration of affected land, structure, utilities, common property resource

7 Temporary loss of livelihood

Temporary loss of livelihood/source of income

Business owner(s), tenant(s), leaseholder(s), employee(s), hawker(s)/vendors(s)



3. Provision of alternative sites in the vicinity for continued economic activity/ or compensation of lost income


3 Shops abutting the residential structures were proposed.

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Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person BME Benefit Monitoring and Evaluation CBO Community-based Organization CRG Canal Resettlement Group EA Executing Agency GoI Government of India GoWB Government of West Bengal IA Implementing Agency IWD Irrigation and Waterways Department KEIP Kolkata Environmental Improvement Project KMC Kolkata Municipal Corporation KMDA Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority LAA Land Acquisition Act NGO Non-government Organization PMC Project Management Consultant PMU Project Management Unit PRC Project Review Committee RP Resettlement Plan SDU Social Development Unit SRP Short Resettlement Plan

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Table of contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 2

Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. 5

I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 7

A. Project Background ...................................................................................................... 7 B. Project Physical and Design Changes ......................................................................... 8 C. Updated Resettlement Plan ......................................................................................... 9

II. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement ....................................................................11

A. Scope of Land Acquisition ...........................................................................................11 B. Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts ..............................................11 C. Resettlement Impacts .................................................................................................13

III. Socioeconomic Information ...............................................................................................16

A. Census .......................................................................................................................16 B. Common Property Resources .....................................................................................18 C. Vulnerable Groups ......................................................................................................19

IV. Objectives, Policy Framework, and Entitlements ............................................................20

A. Objectives ...................................................................................................................20 B. Policy Framework .......................................................................................................20 C. Entitlements ................................................................................................................21

V. Consultation and Grievance Redress Participation ............................................................23

A. Consultations ..............................................................................................................23 B. Grievance Redress .....................................................................................................28

VI. Relocation and Income Restoration ................................................................................29

A. Relocation of Housing and Settlements ......................................................................29 B. Income Improvement Activities ...................................................................................32 C. Insurance ....................................................................................................................33

VII. Institutional Framework ..................................................................................................34

VIII. Resettlement Budget and Financing ...............................................................................37

A. Resettlement Costs .....................................................................................................37 B. Resettlement Budget versus Actual Expenditure (Canal improvements only) .............38

APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2000) ......................................................41

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2006) ......................................................44

APPENDIX 3: EXPLANATION OF WHY NO RESETTLEMENT IS REQUIRED ........................49

APPENDIX 4: FAMILY-WISE DETAILS OF RESETTLEMENT IMPLEMENTATION .................55

APPENDIX 5: LIST OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AT PADIRHATI PUMPING STATION ............ 112

APPENDIX 6: ABSTRACT OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS IN PADIRHATI.............. 114

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I. Introduction

A. Project Background

1. Kolkata Environmental Improvement project (KEIP), a joint effort of Government of India, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata Municipal Corporation and Asian Development Bank, aimed to arrest environmental degradation and improve quality of life in the city of Kolkata. The loan agreement for KEIP (1813 IND) was signed on 18 December 2001 and the loan became effective from 16 April 2002. The supplementary loan agreement (2293 IND) was signed on 21 February 2007 and became effective from 1 June 2007. The loan was scheduled for closure on 31 Dec 2010, but was extended twice, up to June 30 2013. 2. The stated objectives of the project were to revamp and upgrade the city’s sewerage and drainage system, restore its canals choked with silt, evolve an efficient solid waste management system, provide affordable access to basic urban services in slums, improve recreation facilities in parks and water bodies, and raising standards of KMC’s delivery of services through a capacity building program. In line with these objectives, the Project initially had the following components, as described in the revised 2006 RP: (i) Part A: stakeholder consultation program; (ii) Part B: sewerage and drainage (S&D) improvements; (iii) Part C: solid waste management; (iv) Part D: slum improvements; (v) Part E: canal improvements; and (vi) Part F: implementation assistance and capacity building. Part C: solid waste management was subsequently dropped because the proposed landfill site was in the East Kolkata Wetlands. This change is reflected in current update of the RP. In parallel, a Department for International Development (DFID) grant supported modernization and strengthening of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC). The Project area comprised Boroughs I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, VII and XV for part B, while physical works under parts A, D, E and F covered different boroughs of KMC. Of the above-mentioned components, the majority of the permanent resettlement impacts were due to the canal improvement works. 3. Resettlement Plans (RP) were prepared/revised in tandem with each major milestone of the project, with the first RP prepared at time of loan processing in year 2000. The RP for the Project was revised in 2006, when supplementary financing was being processed to address (i) cost overruns, (ii) price escalation, (iii) cost increases due to physical and design changes, and (iv) cost underestimates.4 In February 2010, a separate short resettlement plan (SRP) has been approved concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station. 4. Since the Project involved large-scale and complex resettlement, ADB and KEIP recognized the need for due diligence on RP implementation and updation of the RP at the time of loan closure (June 2013) to reflect the changes in scope, design and in number of affected people since 2006. This report presents the updated Resettlement Plan, reflecting the actual scope of resettlement at the time of loan closure (June 2013). Furthermore, the resettlement status was assessed and an Action Plan agreed to ensure closure of pending issues pertaining to resettlement implementation .

4 KMC 2006. Updated Resettlement Plan. India: Kolkata Environmental Project (Supplementary Financing). Kolkata

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B. Project Physical and Design Changes

5. Canal Improvements. Under the original design, 52.60 kilometers (km) of canals were to be improved. Design changes during implementation resulted in a revised length of 62.455 Km. The most significant change was in T.P. and Keorapukur Canals (Table 1). 5

Table 1: Original and Revised Canal Improvement Length (Km)

Canal System Original Length Revised Length, 2006

Revised length, March, 2013

Reduction/addition

T.P 9 34.048 27.28 -6.768 Keorapukur 9 1.148 1.065 -.0.083 Monikhali and Begore

10.6 14.565 11.54 -3.025

Churial 24.0 27.545 22.57 -4.975 Total 52.6 77.306 62.455 -14.851

6. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. Several design changes were made in this component. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) were dropped and rehabilitation of one STP was included in the Project. Drainage pumping stations were also dropped from the project scope. The component was anticipated to result in temporary resettlement impacts, especially during laying of trunk sewers. 7. Solid Waste Management. This component has been dropped from the project as the site previously identified was in the East Kolkata Wetlands and no other suitable site could be identified. Therefore this component is removed from the 2013 revised resettlement plan. 8. Based on the changes, the Project components are briefly described as follows: (i) Stakeholder Consultation Program. The stakeholder consultation program (SCP)

consisted of promotion of stakeholder involvement in the Project through (i) education programs for communities about environmental sanitation and health linkages; (ii) and consultations with Project beneficiaries about Project operations and community benefits and responsibilities as a result of the Project, including design, implementation and operation and maintenance. The SCP was designed to ensure stakeholder awareness, participation, and education with respect to the implementation and management of the Project facilities.

(ii) Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. The component included: (i) installation of

approximately 375.8 km of new lines where drainage and sewerage network did not exist; (ii) renovation and desilting of approximately 254.8 of existing sewers and drains; (iii) construction of new pumping stations for channeling the additional flow; (iv) construction of 19 out of 21 new pumping stations completed and augmentation/rehabilitation of 20 existing pumping stations for channeling the dry water flow (DWF) and storm water flow (SWF); and (v) disposal of wastewater from Borough VII, parts of Borough XI and Borough XII, into the DWF channel. The component also included rehabilitation works in 16 small water bodies and parks. These works were

5 In addition, 68.93 kilometers of channels for East Kolkata Wetlands, passing through uninhabited area were proposed for rehabilitation, without any anticipated IR impacts.

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minor in nature and mainly comprised beautification and upgrading of the environmental quality of the concerned parks and water bodies (including fencing and paving of play areas), which were in various stages of decay due to inadequate upkeep at the time of project identification/preparation.

(iii) Slum Improvement. The component aimed to improve the living conditions and

productivity of low-income communities throughout the KMC area. It supported the improvement of infrastructure and the enhancement of environmental services, including water supply, sewerage and wastewater management, drainage, and solid waste management. Under this component the following sub-components were proposed: (i) construction of 8,600 water standposts, (ii) construction/upgrading of 4,200 sanitary latrines, (iii) construction/upgrading of 700 community latrines, (iv) construction of 280 washing/bathing platforms, (v) realignment or widening of 28 km of drains, (vi) provision of 222 solid waste containers, and (vii) improvement/paving of 178,000 square meters (m2) of open public space.

(iv) Canal Improvements. Canal improvement works were proposed in parts of the T-P

Basin, Keorapukur Basin, Churial Basin, and Monikhali Basin, including desilting and lining of canals. The component included construction of 52 bridges over the rehabilitated canals, and resettlement of 2,880 households canal bank dwellers in flats under the VAMBAY scheme and BSUP.6 This component also included the construction of 4 pumping stations to handle the additional SWF flow at Chowbhaga, Keorapukur, Manikhali and Gushighata.

(v) Institutional Development and Capacity Building. The Project provided assistance to

KMC under the Capacity Building Program funded by DFID, in developing the institutional capacity of KMC. This involves mainstreaming of management and geographical information systems, computerization of accounts and records, training of line department staff, and assisting in project implementation.

C. Updated Resettlement Plan

9. A resettlement plan (RP) was first prepared in November 2000. A summary of the 2000 RP is in Appendix 1. An assessment of the status and progress of project implementation in 2006 showed that for all land-intensive components requiring resettlement, e.g.: (i) canal improvements, (ii) sewerage and drainage improvement—progress had been slow. Appendix 2 provides a summary of the RP prepared in 2006, consistent with ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995). In February 2010, a separate short resettlement plan (SRP) was approved concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station. In this subproject 28 households were affected: 15 households would lose their vacant land and the remaining 13

6 Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) launched in 2001, was Government of India’s housing scheme for the urban poor at the time of RP preparation, which continued for a few initial years of implementation. The scheme was later subsumed under a new scheme of Government of India, Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP) in 2005. The BSUP scheme aims at integrated development of slums/low income settlements, with housing and infrastructure development. BSUP guidelines require 10% of central and state funds released to be recovered and ploughed back into a revolving fund, which is to be used for operation and maintenance. Marking a departure from traditional schemes like VAMBAY, BSUP is also reform-oriented and requires internal earmarking within ULB budgets for urban poor, and allocation of 20-25% land under all housing projects, for the urban poor. http://mhupa.gov.in. Majority of the flats constructed under KEIP were BSUP flats.

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households would be temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their shops during installation of the pumping station.

10. This 2013 updated RP takes into account the changes in scope, design and the changed resettlement impacts since 2006. It includes the relevant information from the separately approved SRP. The parallel evaluation report concludes on the status of resettlement implementation at the time of loan closure and recommends an action plan to ensure achievement of resettlement implementation in line with applicable ADB policy. The 2013 Updated RP is based on data from verification surveys of affected persons, field visits and discussions with stakeholders, including APs and project staff.

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II. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

A. Scope of Land Acquisition

11. Land acquisition status of various components including canal improvements and sewerage and drainage improvement is summarized in Table 2. This included transfer of 64.833 acres of government land, of which 64.033 acres was transferred from Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority and another 0.81 acres was land belonging to Government of West Bengal; and purchase of 0.234 acres of private land. 12. Canal Improvements. Land requirement along all canals was initially identified for the Project. An estimated 3-10 meters on both sides of the proposed canals were identified for improvement works. The canals are Government property and settlements had formed on these government lands. The RP 2006 recognised that there would be no land acquisition, but APs in canal bank settlements requiring relocation would need to be compensated. 13. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements. Government land was identified for sewage pumping stations, which required interdepartmental transfers In 2006, land requirement for sewerage and drainage was pegged at 17.577 ha (43.59 acres). Updated land requirement/acquisition status as on June 2013 is indicated in Table 2.

Table 2: Updated Land Acquisition Status for Sewerage and Drainage

Project Component

Purpose Area (Acre) Location Owner


Sewage Treatment Plant (South Suburban East)

64.023 Dhalipara Keorapukur

KMC (from KMDA)

S & D Pumping Stations

0.41 Punja sahapur KMC from Go WB. 0.014 Siriti (ward-

113) KMC (purchased from Mr. B. Adhikari)

0.40 Nayabad KMC (From GoWB.) 0.22 Padirhati KMC (negotiated

purchase of private land through Maheshtala Municipality.)

Total 65.067 Note: 1 Ha = 2.48 acres. The RP 2006 indicated a requirement for 17.577 ha of land for sewerage and drainage component, while the requirement for solid waste management component was indicated as 60 hectares; the latter was subsequently dropped from the project.

B. Minimizing Land Acquisition and Resettlement Impacts

14. Consistent with ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (1995), one of the key tenets of the project was to cause the least possible disruption to project area population. Changes conceived in project design in 2006 and those identified later during project implementation reflect this. The 2006 RP noted that canal improvements would affect the most number of persons among the Project’s components.

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15. In Kolkata, drainage canals banks have traditionally served as sites for location of informal settlements.. Migration from rural areas has largely filled canal banks with settlements. Nearby residents have also shifted to canal banks to escape rental charges. People in canal bank settlements do not have title to the land occupied by them.7 16. Design changes avoided densely populated canal tracts. For example, in the case of the Keorapukur canal, canal improvement was reduced from 9 km to 1.065 km. In the case of the Churial canal, the same objective of avoiding a thickly populated settlement was achieved through a slight diversion through the Churial Extension canal that involved a decrease in the canal length from 24 km to 22.57 km.

17. The total number of affected persons has changed as a result of two factors: (a) design changes to avoid resettlement, and (b) lack of willingness of affected persons to relocate to the resettlement sites. Since the project treated ‘family’ as a unit for compensation, this section presents reasons for fluctuations in the number of affected families: 18. Between the RP 2000 and RP 2006, the increase in the number of affected households from 3507 to 3626 was due to the increase in canals and canal lengths to be improved which was expected to increase project coverage. Design changes increased the length of canals to be improved from 52.60 km to 77.306 km. As a result, the number of affected households (persons) increased from 3,507 (11,547) to 3,626 (16,317). 19. The number of affected families declined from 3626 in year 2000 to 3365 in the year 2006. The reduction in 261 affected households was effected through design changes that helped avoid resettlement impacts on 164 commercial structures at Monikhali and 67 residential structures at Churial and TP Basin. 20. In 2011, the number of affected families further reduced to 3067, as 298 families were unwilling to relocate to the newly constructed flats. The project authority undertook desilting of stretches of canals without relocating unwilling card-holders and did not cause any damage to their properties. 21. By 2012, allotment of 2880 flats was completed. In May 2013, the remaining 187 card-holders were surveyed to ascertain their willingness to relocate. The survey revealed that out of 187: (a) 50 shopkeepers in the Monikhali system did not wish to relocate due to potential loss of livelihood; (b) 31 card-holders could not be found as they had moved to locations unknown by local communities; (c) 63 families of Jamunanangar (C2 C3 Canal in the T.P Basin System) did not wish to move as they have already constructed permanent/semi-permanent houses on canal banks with legal water supply and electricity connections from KMC and CESC respectively; and (d) another 43 in Suti Mukundapur (T.P Basin System) indicated lack of willingness to shift due to potential loss of livelihood/employment in a large commercial complex that has come up in the vicinity. All 156 of the 187 families identified through the survey gave in writing that they did not wish to relocate. Table 3 presents details of changes in the number of affected families over the project period.

7 Settlements in some places extend to berm and even slide slopes almost to the low waterline of the canal. The disposal of solid waste and wastewater has caused siltation, eutrophication, and clogging of canals. Constricted flow leads to overflow of polluted water into streets and residential areas. Desiltation of the canals is difficult when there is no space on the canal banks to dump silt.

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Table 3: Affected Households and Persons due to the canal improvement works (RP 2000, Revised RP 2006, Revised RP 2013)

Sl No

Canal 2000

Affected Households

2000

Affected Persons

2006

Affected Households

2006

Affected Persons

2013 Affected

Households

2013 Affected Persons

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- TP Main - Intercepting TP - Lead Canal EE1 Minor (Indira Nagar) TP - Lead DD1 (Maduraha) TP - Additional Canals: Guniagachi, Ajay Nagar, Suti, Jamunagar, Survey Park TP)

704 1,612

18 - -

2,295 6,189

75 - -

555 1,555

18 190 350

2,455 6,988

81 843

1,569

2,320 10370

2 Keorapukur 397 612 43 184 79 338 3 Monikhali-Jinjra 449 1,233 510 2,284 270 1215 4 Churial Main

Churial Extension 327 1,145 327

18 1,471

78 211 949

5 Bridge Sites on TP, Monikhali and Churial

- - 60 366 - -

Total 3,507 11,549 3,626 16,317 2880 12,872

22. Next to the above mentioned canal improvement works, the sewerage and drainage component could potentially lead to resettlement impacts. Rehabilitation work for the STP was undertaken within the existing premises and did not require land acquisition. New STPs originally planned for construction under the Project were dropped from project scope as a result of findings of the environmental assessment. New construction for sewage pumping stations was undertaken on vacant 0.41 acreas and 0.40 acres of Government land at Punja Sahapur and Nayabad, respectively. Private land acquisition was minimized to 0.014 acres of vacant land at Sinti and 0.22 acres at Padirhati; for the latter (Padirhati), a short resettlement plan (SRP) was prepared. 8 Temporary impacts due to sewerage and drainage networks including income losses due to laying of trunk sewers were anticipated.9 23. Since the 2006 RP, there has been one exception were the project could not avoid resettlement. In February 2010, a separate short resettlement plan (SRP) has been approved concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station. The land requirements for this subproject, 0.0887 hectares of private land, resulted in 28 affected households: 15 households would lose their vacant land and the remaining 13 households would be temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their shops during installation of the pumping station. The number of total affected persons (AP) was surveyed as 187.

C. Resettlement Impacts

24. Canal Improvements. In June 2013 it can be concluded that 2880 families with around 12872 persons (with an almost equal number of males and females) living in 86 settlements have been affected by canal improvement works. APs were proposed to be permanently

8 Since vacant land was acquired at Sinti, there were no resettlement impacts.

9 Though temporary impacts of trunk sewer laying were anticipated, adequate care was taken during implementation to avoid such losses, as per information provided by the project office.

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relocated close to their original homes, compensated, and assisted prior to the start of canal improvement works. Tables 4 and 5 provide details on APs. Table 4: Canal improvements: Affected Settlements, Households, and Affected Persons

by Canal Location S. No.

Canal Length in Km

Number of Settlements

Affected households

Affected persons (approx.)*

Affected persons (Male)

Affected persons (Female)

1 TP Main 27.275

51

2320

10370

5382

4988

Intercepting TP Lead Canal EE1 Minor (Indira Nagar) TP Lead DD1 (Maduraha) TP Additional canals: Guniagachi, Ajay Nagar, Suti, Jamunanagar Survey Park TP

2 Keorapukur TP

1.065 08 79 338 177 161

3 Monikhali-Jinjra

11.538 17 270 1215 631 584

4 Churial Main Churial Extension

22.566 10 211 949 493 456

Total 66.444 86 2880 12872 6683 6189 *Note: The number of affected persons is approximate as family sizes are expected to have changed over the years.

Table 5: Canal improvements: Affected Households, Persons, Residences, and Shops Canal Total

affected households

Total affected persons (approx.)

Total affected residences (exclusively residential use))

Total affected shops

Total affected shops cum residences

TP 2320 10370 2254 NIL

66 Keorapukur 79 338 61 18 Monikhali 270 1215 262 8 Churial 211 949 206 5 Total 2880 12872 2783 97

25. Sewerage and Drainage. The component generally involved temporary resettlement impacts. The construction of trunk sewer lines through streets of Kolkata caused some temporary disturbance which was mitigated by providing diversion pathways for traffic. During

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implementation, temporary losses were to be compensated based on the entitlement matrix.10 26. The short resettlement plan (SRP) concerning the resettlement impacts of the Padirhati pumping station mentions 28 affected households: 15 households losing their vacant land and the remaining 13 households would be temporarily affected due to loss of access- to their shops during installation of the pumping station. The number of total affected persons (AP) was surveyed as 187. The land has been described as vacant marshy land and is not being used for any productive or residential purpose. No squatters or encroachers were found to be residing or carrying out any productive occupation in the portion of the land identified for the pumping station. Hence no relocation assistance or income loss assistance has been considered for the squatters/encroachers. Since, all the titled plots have been considered as unproductive and do not support any livelihood, assistance for loss of income has not been considered in the entitlement matrix prepared for the subproject. So far as temporary resettlement impact is concerned 13 households will lose their access to shops during construction period and hence will incur loss of income for about a fortnight. Assistance for their loss of income has been included in the "Tentative Budget". The table below provides a summary of affected households and type of loss.

Table 6. Sewerage and drainage: affected assets in the Padirhati subproject

SI. Type of Loss Type of Land Affected Asset

Acre Hectare

1

Land Private, vacant 0.2191 0.0887

Total Land available for Acquisition 0.2191 0.0887

2 Any other immovable assets Nil

3 Structure Nil

4 Access to structure 13 nos.

Source: Census & socio-economic survey, December 2009 Note: Total affected plots = 15. Area of affected land is based on total land available for purchase, as agreed upon by the APs.

10 No temporary loss of income was reported to have occurred due to care taken to avoid such impacts during implementation.

16

III. Socioeconomic Information

A. Census

27. In 2005, the Project carried out a census (verification survey) to determine the exact number of people likely to be affected by canal improvement works. The census updated the 2000 census and other surveys. The purpose of the 2005 census was to determine who is entitled to compensation, assistance, and other benefits. It also briefly assessed the socioeconomic situation of the affected population. In December 2009 a census and detailed socio-economic survey was carried out by SDU’s Community Mobilisers at the proposed site of the Padirhati pumping station. For all the other sites, the results of the 2005 census are the latest available data on socioeconomic status of the affected population, summarized in the following sections. 28. Affected Population. Drawing upon the 2005 census survey data for the concluding 2880 affected families regarding the canal improvement works, the total number of affected persons is 12,872 of which 6,683 are male and 6,189 are female. The 28 families affected by the Padirhati pumping station add up to a total of 187 people, with an average family size of 6.7 persons. The number of males and females was not given in the SRP. 29. Occupation. Majority (82%) of household heads are daily wage earners, the remainder are self-employed (Table 7). Focus group discussions (FGD) with sample communities in Purba Putiary and Nonadanga reveal that a fairly large proportion of APs other than household head are employed as domestic help. Further, FGDs conducted in resettlement sites at Nonadanga, Purba Putiary and Sampa Mirjanagar did not reveal the presence of child labour; all children were found to be enrolled in schools/educational institutions.

Table 7: Distribution by Occupation and Settlement (canal improvement) Settlement Daily wage

earner Self employed Total

TP 1942 378 2320 Keorapukur 11 68 79 Monikhali 262 58 270 Churial 206 80 211 Total 2421 584 2880

30. In the resettlement for the Padirhati Pumping station, only 48 persons, i.e. 26% of 187 affected persons were gainfully employed at the time of census survey. (Table 8) So far as occupational structure is concerned, about 46% of the work force comprises traders and businessmen. While 41% of the APs were self-employed tailors, 4 APs were professionals. Only two persons were employed in the private sector.

17

Table 8 Distribution by Occupation (Padirhati Pumping Station)

S. No. Occupation No. of Person %

1 Trade & Business 22 45.8%

2 Pvt. Service 2 4.2%

3 Professional 4 8.3%

4 Self employed (Tailor) 20 41.7%

Total 48 100.0% Source: Census & Socio-economic Survey, December, 2009

31. Income and Expenditure. Regarding the canal improvement resettlement, as per census survey 2005, the monthly income of 89% of households ranged from Rs 1,500 to Rs 5,000 at the time of survey. The official poverty line at that time was Rs 406.06 per capita per month. The monthly expenditure of 90% households was found to range between Rs 1,000 to Rs 2,487. Updated socio-economic information such as present income and expenditure of households is not available, Table 9 presents the income distribution for 2880 affected families as per census survey 2005, indicating their economic status prior to relocation.

Table 9: Household Income Distribution (Canal Improvement)

(No. of households) Settlement No. of

AFs Rs. 1500-2000 Rs. 2000-2500 Rs. 2500-3000 and

above

TP 2320 19 1827 474

Keorapukur 79 2 66 11

Monikhali 270 5 144 121

Churial 211 23 126 62

Total 2880 49 2163 668

32. Regarding the Padirhati affected families, the majority of the AFs, accounting for 43%, have an annual income varying between Rs.60,000 to Rs.120,000. Seven families have an annual income up to Rs 18,000, a figure corresponding to families belonging to BPL group. Five affected households have an annual earning of Rs.18,001 - Rs.60,000 while four households earn more than Rs.120,000 a year. The average annual household income of the affected families has been calculated as Rs.71,914.32, which amounts to a monthly average income of Rs.5992.86.

Table 10. Annual Income Pattern of AFs of Padirhati Pumping station

SI Total HH income (per

annum)

Affected HH

No. % to total

1 Up to Rs. 18,000 7 25.0%

2 Rs. 18,001 - 60,000 5 18.0%

3 Rs. 60,001 - 120,000 12 43.0%

4 Rs. 120,001 and above 4 14.0%

All income 28 100.0

Source: Census & Socio-economic Survey, December 2009

18

33. Literacy Rate and School Attendance. The Census Survey of 2005 revealed that about 77.9% of the population above 6 years is literate. An estimated 31% had completed middle school, and 23% completed only primary education. The RP 2006 stated that almost (94%) school-aged children were attending school during the Census Survey and noted the presence of out-of-school children.

34. Housing and Assets. The RP of 2006 describes the typical (96%) house of canal bank dwellers as kutcha (ie. bamboo mat or mud wall with tiled roof and mud floor, occasionally with brick soling). Settlements are composed of small hutments and have high densities. Narrow pathways serve as internal roads. The pathways are normally kuccha and without streetlights. There are no drainage systems and liquid waste are discharged to canals or accumulate in and around the neighborhood. Drinking water is sourced from hand pumps in the vicinity. APs build raised bamboo structures along the canal covered by jute bags, cement bags on four sides, with one side open as toilets. The discharge flows directly into the canal without any treatment. APs do not have assets such as boundary walls, trees and crops. Their lack of tenure security tends to act as a barrier to acquisition of assets on the property, to avoid losses if evicted.

B. Common Property Resources

35. Whereas the original RP (2000) estimated that 69 common property resources (CPR) would be affected, the verification survey undertaken in 2005 based on the revised project design showed that 11 CPRs would be affected by the Project. The affected CPRs comprised 3 schools, 4 temples and 4 club rooms. The 2006 RP states that the project will replace all the affected schools and that community sheds will be provided in the VAMBAY complex. During implementation however, it was found that there were existing primary schools and temples in the vicinity of the resettlement sites, hence provision of additional schools was not deemed necessary by the project. Provision of temples (at sites other than Nonadanga) was not desired by APs. At Nonadanga, the project got KMC to adopt an existing privately-run primary school to cater to the children of affected families. Residents of Nonadanga constructed a temple with their own pooled resources. In lieu of the 4 affected club rooms at one location, the project provided 2 club rooms and 2 community halls at two of the resettlement sites. Community halls provided are meant for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of user groups, and vocational training. As per the project Entitlement Matrix, salvaging of materials of affected CPRs for reuse or sale by the community or organization was permissible. Details of anticipated impacts on CPRs, and CPRs provided by the Project, by location and type, are presented in Table 11.

Table 11: Common Property Resources (canal improvement works) Canal System

Resettlement Site CPRs Affected

CPRs Provided Remarks

TP

Nonadanga (Phase I-IV)

09 (Club-04, School-03 Temple -02)

Club room-01 Community hall-01

� Free primary.schools existed in close proximity of Nonadanga and Kasba RS.

� APs (other than those in Nonadanga) did not wish to establish temples in open spaces as there were temples

in nearby places.

Kasba

Keorapukur Purba Putiary 1 (temple) Club room-01 Community hall-01

Monikhali Sampa Mirza nagar 1 (Temple) TOTAL 11 04

19

36. The Padirhati pumping station land acquisition did not involve common property resources.

C. Vulnerable Groups

37. The 2006 RP noted that all permanently affected persons are vulnerable as they are all poor and live on lands to which they have no legal rights and are therefore liable to eviction anytime without assistance in any form. Of the 2880 relocated families, 575 (19.9%) were identified as highly vulnerable, with multiple vulnerabilities. (Table 12).

Table 12: Vulnerable Groups (Canal improvement works) Canal Women

headed households

Very poor households

Elderly persons

HH with single vulnerability

Households with multiple vulnerabilities

TP Canal system

246 2320 214

1859 461

Keorapukur 14 79 17 48 31 Monikhali 15 270 21 234 36 Churial 24 211 23 164 47 Total 299 2880 275 2305 575

38. Regarding the vulnerable groups in the Padirhati Pumping station resettlement, all but one affected households belong to Muslim community. The majority of the AFs, 16 in number, are nuclear families while 12 are joint families. As many as 57% of the families are "large" with more than 6 persons, while there are 10 "medium" sized families with 4-6 persons. The average family size is 6.7. There are 9 vulnerable families, 7 of whom live below poverty line, one is a woman-headed household and one elderly person lives alone.

Table 13: Social Stratification details of AFs

SI. Criteria Classification No. of AFs

1 Community General caste 1

Muslim 27

2 Family Type Joint 12

Nuclear 16

3 Family Size

Upto 3 2

4-6 10

More than 6 16

4 Vulnerable group

BPL 7

WHH 1

Elderly living alone 1

Source: Census & Socio-economic Survey, December 2009

20

IV. Objectives, Policy Framework, and Entitlements

A. Objectives

39. Designed to improve the environmental quality of Kolkata, the Project was envisioned to be beneficial to the poor and poor women in particular. Despite its positive aspects, it was recognized that the Project would trigger relocation on a large scale, requiring all canal dwellers and shopkeepers to leave their homes and businesses before commencement of canal improvement works.11 Temporary resettlement impacts were also envisaged for the sewerage and drainage components. 40. The Project was responsible for ensuring that those losing structures, livelihoods, and other resources were assisted in improving or at least regaining their former level of living at no cost to them. To achieve this goal, the Project was expected to: (i) Compensate for lost assets and loss of livelihood and income; (ii) Provide assistance for relocation, including provision of relocation sites with appropriate

facilities and services; and (iii) Provide assistance for rehabilitation that generally improves or at least restores the

social and economic base of those affected.

B. Policy Framework

41. National Policy and Laws on Resettlement. Government of India promulgated a national policy for resettlement in 2004. The policy recognized the need for resettlement and rehabilitation of people affected by development projects. Its provisions were intended to mitigate adverse impacts on project area people. It had specific provisions exist for vulnerable and poorer groups. In 2007, Government of India prepared the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, which aimed to minimize displacement, ensure adequate rehabilitation package, swift implementation of rehabilitation process, provide a better standard of living and efforts to provide sustainable livelihoods to affected families, integrate rehabilitation concerns into development planning and implementation process, and recommended special measures for weaker sections, There is, however, no law on resettlement in India yet. 42. In India, the law relating to the acquisition of privately owned immoveable property is the Land Acquisition Act of 1894 (LAA, amended 1984). In exercise of power under LAA, the Government on payment of compensation can acquire any land, building, and crops for any public purpose or in the public interest. LAA sets forth the procedure for land acquisition.

43. Although the law provides for payment of compensation to persons whose lands, structures, and other immoveable assets are acquired for a public purpose, the amount of compensation is inadequate to buy back land of the same size and quality. In order that persons forced to give up their lands and other assets do not suffer loss in such transactions, the Project

11 In order to address this, the project adopted the policy of award of contracts for canal rehabilitation only on presentation of a time schedule for resettlement.

21

would objectively establish the real replacement costs of assets to be acquired for its requirements. 44. As APs living in canal bank settlements, the affected persons were unauthorized occupants of land which is Government property, and were therefore not entitled to legal compensation. LAA is therefore not applicable to the Project. On removal from canal banks, the Project proposed to assist APs by other support mechanisms to recover their losses. In keeping with ADB policy, this was to be undertaken to ensure that as a result of project activities there would be no drop in their standard of living. 45. ADB Resettlement Policy Requirements. The Resettlement Plan for the project was prepared in 2006 based on ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, 1995. The three important elements of ADB’s involuntary resettlement policy included: (i) compensation to replace lost assets, livelihood, and income; (ii) assistance for relocation, including provision of relocation sites with appropriate facilities and services; and (iii) assistance for rehabilitation to achieve at least the same level of well-being with the project as without it.

C. Entitlements

46. The original entitlements in the RP prepared in year 2000 addressed impacts on APs due to the Project. The entitlement matrix in the 2006 RP provides additional detail with respect to implementation issues and responsible agency. The significant difference is with respect to entitlements for canal dwellers. In the legal sense, canal dwellers and shopkeepers are encroachers, and therefore not eligible for any compensation or resettlement assistance. However, based on ADB’s Policy, lack of title is no bar to resettlement assistance eligibility. In pursuance of ADB’s Policy and the RP, the Project initially (in RP, 2000) made only a provision for a lumpsum one-time financial assistance of Rs 30,000.00 per family in the form of grant for shifting to an equivalent habitable area. This was inclusive of cost on transportation of all belongings including the salvaged building materials. 47. The entitlement package was considerably improved in 2006. Under the enhanced package, the Project would buy flats from the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KDMA) or build flats/shops/residential-cum-commercial units for all APs, each such unit costing on average Rs 84,000.12 The average estimated cost was excluding the cost of land, which was to be borne by the Government of West Bengal. Contribution by Government of India under its housing scheme for the urban poor, Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) to the tune of Rs 30,000 per unit was envisaged. The share of the affected family in the total cost was 5% (Rs 4,230), while the Project would bear the highest cost share of Rs 50,370 per unit. 48. The apartments at the resettlement sites would be provided such conveniences as water and electricity connections. The design of apartments was undertaken keeping some preferences of the APs in view, e.g., locating the toilets in balconies, outside the apartment. This also resulted in an increase in the living area from 163 square feet (sq. ft.) to 190 sq. ft.

49. These flats come with legal titles for occupants, turning informal dwellers on government lands to legal owners of well built apartments. Based on VAMBAY conditions, the legal titles

12 The cost per unit in Manikhali and Churial will be higher as landfilling, laying of approach road and other basic infrastructure such as lighting will be needed.

22

were to be in the name of women, and thus the Project was envisaged to promote women’s empowerment. The allotment of units was proposed on a 99 year non-resaleable lease in the name of the female head of the family and her male counterpart/kin as nominee. In addition to the flats, the affected households were entitled to a shifting grant of Rs 300.00. 50. Extensive consultations were held with APs regarding entitlements, which they considered beneficial for them and therefore willingly accepted. The aim of the 2006 revised project compensation policy was to provide a comprehensive coverage for lost assets and restoration and/or enhancement of livelihoods for all categories of the affected people, whether affected directly, indirectly, including those with or without titles. With the new compensation measures, the APs were expected to be able to replace their lost assets and restore income and livelihoods. The entitlement matrix listing broad types of losses and the corresponding proposed entitlements to cover all possible losses is provided in Table 10. The cut-off date for compensation eligibility was the date of census verification survey (2005). Persons settling in the project area after the cut-off date were not eligible for compensation or assistance. 51. The entitlement matrix prepared in 2006 (excluding provisions/entitlements proposed under the solid waste management component) serves as the reference point against which resettlement implementation is assessed. 52. Assistance to Highly Vulnerable Groups. As discussed in Section II above, the RP 2006 states that the highly vulnerable group includes households headed by women, the elderly, and disabled/handicapped; very poor households with incomes less than Rs 2,300 per month and child laborers.13 As earlier discussed, based on VAMBAY conditions, the legal titles were to be in the name of women, and thus the Project would help promote the empowerment of women. To assist the highly vulnerable, the Project aimed to provide them with ground floor VAMBAY flats which have commercial possibilities, provide access to land for social forestry and vegetable/crop production in rehabilitated canal banks, and facilitate access to livelihood and other social programs of the Government. Child laborers would be provided: (i) schooling based on National Policy, (ii) assistance based on a plan of action for rehabilitation co-developed by the Project with UNICEF, Save the Children, and CLPOA, and (iii) gradual withdrawal from work and mainstreaming of child laborers into the educational system.

13 Although the RP 2006 describes all APs as highly vulnerable which in a sense they were being poor households without tenure security, during project implementation, those with multiple vulnerabilities were treated as highly vulnerable.

23

V. Consultation and Grievance Redress Participation

A. Consultations

53. The Project recognized the value of participation, and attempted to utilize the participatory approach throughout the RP implementation process, to ensure transparency and accountability. A series of interactive sessions with all stakeholders involving APs, ward committee members, municipal councilors, and civil society groups were conducted. As of July 2006, 359 such sessions had been held; subsequently, an additional 479 sessions were conducted, making a total of 838 sessions. Consultation sessions focusing on disclosure of project information including resettlement information, project planning, and project implementation continued to be held throughout the period of resettlement implementation. Records of these sessions including date, place, issues of discussion, signature of participants and photographs are kept by the SDU. Sessions were in the form of meetings (formal and informal), door to door visits, and focus group discussions. On average, sessions were conducted twice a week. 54. To encourage participation, 37 community groups named Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs) were formed, with a total of 460 APs as members. CRGs met at regular intervals to decide and discuss issues related to their community. The CRGs were meant to be the predecessors of the proposed housing cooperatives, post resettlement, with responsibilities related to operation and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure facilities in the resettlement colonies. 55. Consultations and participation resulted in refinements in project design. For example, the VAMBAY housing scheme was not imposed by the Project, but was discussed with APs. The discussion highlighted both the substantial long-term gains from the housing scheme against the contribution of 5% required from APs. APs took their own decisions, opting for/out of the scheme based on their individual assessments. The housing scheme, gives APs 95% subsidized flats with legal titles. Forcible resettlement was avoided wherever possible, resulting in design changes and reduction in number of APs; consultations were on until June 2013 to ensure that APs were aware of entitlements and those who have not yet availed benefits offered, given a chance to do so.

24

Table 14: Entitlement Matrix Type of Loss Application Definition of Entitled

Person Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency


1 Loss of structure



1. Provision of 190 square foot VAMBAY flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease.

2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300

14

3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees related to moving into VAMBAY flats.

4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable households (item 4).

� Each AF will contribute 5%

15 of the total cost of

the flat, estimated at Rs 4,000

16. The Government

of India will contribute Rs 30,000 from its Basic Services to the Urban Poor program. The remaining cost estimated at Rs 65,000 will be from the Project.

� Flats will be in the name of the wife of the household head in the case of male-headed households (or the household head in the case of female-headed households) with the spouse/next of kin as nominee.

� Highly vulnerable households identified in DMS surveys.

PMU (primarily through the SDU) Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.

2 Loss of structure




17 provided to AP

with the condition that

� Each AF will contribute 5% of the total cost of the shop, estimated at Rs 2,500-3,000. The remaining cost estimated

PMU The SDU will verify employee(s) of the business operator and

14 The estimate of Rs 300 in the RP 2006 was based on transport requirements of the first 165 households shifted to VAMBAY flats. Because of the

proximity, the allowance was for 4 autorickshaw trips found to be adequate to transport the AFs’ belongings or labor assistance for a period of about 3 days.

15 To be deposited in a bank designated by the SDU.

16 For 165 households already handed over with VAMBAY flats, 5% was equivalent to Rs 3,930.

17 These were planned abutting the residential structures.

25


Compensation Policy Implementation Issues Responsible Agency

employee(s) if any will be retained.


7. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related to shops.


at Rs. 47,500 will be from the Project.

� Shops will be in the name of the business operator.

� Highly vulnerable households identified in DMS surveys

will ensure retention of employee(s) as a condition for provision of shops. Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.

3 Loss of structure

Loss of residential cum commercial structure




7. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees related to moving into VAMBAY flats.


� Each AF will contribute 5% of the total cost of the flat, estimated at Rs 4,000-5,000

18. The

Government will contribute Rs 30,000 from its Basic Services to the Urban Poor program. The remaining cost estimated at Rs 65,000 will be from the Project.

� Flats will be in the name of the wife of the household head in the case of male-headed households (or the household head in the case of female-headed households) with the spouse/next of kin as nominee.


PMU The SDU will verify employee(s) of the business operator and will ensure retention of employee(s) as a condition for provision of flats. Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.


Loss of structure Households headed by females, the elderly (over 65) or handicapped, and BPL households.


5. Livelihood training. 6. Priority in allocation of land


Highly vulnerable households to be verified by the SDU.

18 For 165 households already handed over with VAMBAY flats, 5% was equivalent to Rs 3930/

26



Child laborers

for social forestry and vegetable/crop production along canal banks.

4. Schooling based on

National Policy. 5. Implementing a plan of

action for rehabilitation co-developed with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and CBOs.

6. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.

Enrolment of children in preparatory centres and finally in schools

SDU will identify child laborers. SDU will be primarily responsible for plan development and implementation, SDU will ensure enrolment of child laborers in preparatory centers and eventually in schools.

5 Loss of Community Structures


Community 4. Replacement of affected schools.

5. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be provided for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings.

6. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the community organization allowed.






Traffic management carried out in consultation with concerned government agencies.

• PMU, DSC, CMU • Design of content for cable prepared by CC

• Verification of APs by the NGO under SDU

• Restoration as part of contractors

27





contract


Temporary loss of livelihood/source of income






• PMU, DSC, CMU • Design of content for cable prepared by CC

• Verification of APs by the NGO under SDU

• NGO to determine income loss/minimum wage

• Restoration as part of contractors contract

28

56. Disclosure Mechanism. The Project proposed to regularly distribute English and local language pamphlets including FAQs containing project progress to stakeholders. Information booths were set up at construction sites and in resettlement areas. The Project also set up information booths in boroughs and canals/settlements to increase information dissemination. Resettlement plans (summaries in local language) were made available in the information booths. Other information available in the booths included: compendium of all Government schemes for income generation activities; handouts on Personal Insurance Scheme, sample legal title documents for flats, facilities provided by the Project, cleaning and maintenance of toilets and drains, garbage disposal, firefighting, health and hygiene, and cooperative formation. Resettlement planning information was disclosed to APs and other stakeholders and placed on ADB’s website. 57. Transparency and Accountability. The Project's .participatory approach in implementation was meant to ensure transparency and accountability. Disclosure of project and RP related information to the public and APs was meant to inform them about the transparent and accountable intentions of project authorities. The Social Development Unit (SDU) played a significant role in promoting this approach. NGOs, under the supervision of the SDU communicated with the APs on a daily basis on various resettlement issues. The NGOs provided assistance in final validation of APs, formation of CRGs, helped the APs to open bank accounts and awareness generation for behavioral change among APs. To avoid any accusation of impropriety and corruption, all payments were made in group/public settings.

B. Grievance Redress

58. The Project established a grievance redress mechanism with the aim of addressing dissatisfaction with resettlement activities among the affected people. It also made efforts to see that the people became conversant with the grievance resolution procedures. Efforts were made to provide redress to APs on the spot, saving them time and trouble involved in commuting to the Project headquarters and other concerned offices. 59. At the settlement level, CRGs addressed grievances of APs. CRGs were expected to resolve any issue brought to their notice within a week, after which the grievance was placed before the project NGO which was given one week to resolve grievances. Suggestion boxes were placed at settlement sites so that APs who were hesitant to approach CRGs, NGOs or SDUs could convey their complaints. The NGOs collected the complaints and forwarded those remaining unresolved to the SDU through the field staff every weekThe SDU which in consultation with the concerned Councilor and appropriate government authority was to address the grievance within one week. Grievances not redressed by the SDU were brought to the Grievance Redress Committee comprising the Councilor, two members from the SDU, two project staff, and two representatives from the CRGs. Grievances not addressed by the GRC within two weeks could be taken by the AP to the appropriate court of law.

29

VI. Relocation and Income Restoration 60. The Project has made all efforts to avoid land acquisition and resettlement impacts. However, where relocation was unavoidable, the Project assisted APs particularly highly vulnerable APs, with the aim of that ensuring that no one was worse off than they were before the Project.

A. Relocation of Housing and Settlements

61. The original RP (2000) provided a lumpsum payment and financial assistance in the form of a grant to shift to an equivalent habitable area, wherein APs would construct their own houses. During project implementation, there was a felt need to improve the entitlements to ensure that APs would have tenure security and would not have to create other illegal settlements. 62. Relocation. Relocation was recognized as necessary to carry out canal improvement works and required to be completed before commencement of canal works. All affected households (numbering 3,626 as per RP 2006, revised to 2880 in 2012 and reflected as such in the revised RP of 2013) living on canal banks were to be permanently relocated. The need for temporary relocation was also identified initially, which is further discussed in following sections. 63. The Project held consultations with APs before their relocation/resettlement. APs endorsed the initial plan to keep relocation sites close to their original settlements to enable them to preserve their existing social and economic links. 64. Land for Resettlement Sites. The search for land suitable to relocate and resettle canal dwellers has been a long process, especially because the initially defined Project policy required it to relocate APs close to their original settlements. Initially, the Project identified land within the East Kolkata Wetlands; the proposal was dropped in conformance with new environmental regulations. The Project has acquired 16.96 acres of land for resettlement.19 Table 15 reflects the canal-wise land acquisition.

Table 15: Land Acquisition for Resettlement

S. No.

For resettlement of Canal bank Dwellers from :

Land required for resettlement (acres)

Land in possession (acres)

Resettlement housing site

1 TP Canal System TP & Lead Canal Intercepting Canal Additional Canals (Guniagachi, Suti, A. Nagar, M’pur etc.) M’daha-DD1

10.00

9.17 purchased 2.033 purchased

Nonadanga kasba

11.203

2 Keorapukur Canal System

0.94

0.94 acquired

Purba Putiary

3 Manikhali Canal System 5.54 2.57 acquired Sampa

19 Of the 16.978 acres, 3.51 acres was acquired by land acquisition process through LA Act, 11.203 acres purchased from government organisations and 2.265 acres purchased from private party.

30

0.23 purchased Mirzajanagar 4 Churial Canal System

2.57 acquired 2.035 purchased Kalagachia

Total 19.07 16.978

65. The Relocation Process. All people living along canal banks affected by improvement works were relocated before the start of canal improvement works. Initially, relocation was undertaken in a two-part process, as follows:

(i) The Project shifted APs to a transit camp, not far from the canals. To set up the

transit camp, the Project provides APs land, plus Rs 300 per family, to transport salvaged materials.

(ii) When the 4-storey high flats, built by KMDA/KEIP under the Government of

India’s VAMBAY scheme were ready, those living in transit camps were shifted to the flats.

66. Initially, ADB had some reservations on this two-part relocation plan. Later, it agreed with the plan to move people to transit camps before their eventual shifting to flats on certain conditions. The conditions meant to ensure that the transit camps did not become the final destination, are given below:

• Affected families will be moved to temporary settlements at a distance not more than 2 kilometers from their present settlements

• The temporary settlements should be so designed that their lives and livelihoods are not disrupted

• Affected families will not be required to pay accommodation charges for temporary settlements

• Basic services such as water supply, sanitation and security lighting facilities will be provided

• Affected families will be moved to VAMBAY flats within the timeframe agreed with ADB • Affected families will have access to various central and state government schemes for

social benefits, income generation and others • Transportation and labour charges of Rs 300 will be paid per family.

67. Temporary resettlement of 460 households from the downstream portion of TP system was undertaken. Around 460 families (majority from 12 canal stretches and a few from 4 bridge sites) were placed in a transit site near Nonadanga and proposed to be permanently resettled in VAMBAY phase II flats constructed by KMDA and flats constructed by KEIP under VAMBAY. The Government expressed its concern over the two-part process and ADB subsequently advised that resettlement for the rest of the canals should be undertaken directly to the VAMBAY flats. The transit camp initially envisaged to be occupied for only 6 months, was occupied for a period of 18 months due to VAMBAY flat construction delays.

68. Relocation Site Distance. Relocation was initially planned keeping the distance factor (“within 2.5 kilometers”) and ownership (“government land”) in view. However, though the Project made every effort, it was difficult to identify suitable government land that matched the distance criterion at all locations. Hence, while the distance to resettlement sites ranges between 0.1 – 3.8 kilometers for a majority of canal locations (refer Appendix 3), the APs at the bridge site at Keorapukur Mission (Sukantapalli Kalopole) were worst affected, with the resettlement site located 12.5 kilometers away.

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69. Summary of distance range of relocation sites to original locations is given in Table 16; Appendix 3 provides canal bank stretch wise details:

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Table 16: Relocation Site Distances Canal No. of households

relocated Relocation site Distance (Km) Remarks

TP 2320 Nonadanga & Kasba

0.1 – 3.8 Details provided in Appendix 3 Keorapukur 79 Purba Putiary 0.6

Keorapukur Bridge Site

Purba Putiary 1.6-12.5

Monikhali 270 Sampa Mirza Nagar

1.0-3.5

Churial 211 Kalagachia & Purba Putiary

0.8-3.8

70. The Project planned to take steps to see that the vacated canal banks were not encroached again. The vacated canal banks were to be brought under an afforestation plan, which the KEIP proposed to implement collaboratively with highly vulnerable APs. However, canal bank protection / afforestation was not undertaken.

71. Prior to APs being moved to VAMBAY Phase I units, the SDU conducted a series of brainstorming sessions with APs for eight to nine months. APs were made to understand the need for beneficiary contribution to establish a sense of ownership. APs were encouraged to save Rs 12-17 daily to meet the requirement for beneficiary contribution; SDU staff pointed out that this could be from savings from expenditures which negatively affect their health. Community awareness activities resulted in enabling APs to save and helped inculcate the saving habit. The SDU extended help APs to open savings bank accounts in a nationalized bank. 72. Planned access to Basic Services at Relocation Site. Basic urban infrastructure and services were proposed to be provided to APs in their new flats including: (i) in-house electric connection, (ii) access to personal toilets as part of project design, (iii) in-house piped water supply connection, (iv) benefit of service from the conservancy department of KMC/Municipality for solid waste collection, (v) 100% provision for drainage, and (vi) access to primary schools within 6-10 minutes (walking distance). APs were also envisaged to be able to continue to access the same health services as before. The residents of all settlements mainly rely on ‘private doctors’ and ‘government hospital/ dispensaries’ for medical services. However, private doctors in most cases may not be registered practitioners. Further, they would continue to have community life with access to activities undertaken by CBOs in all settlements mainly related to education and health.

B. Income Improvement Activities

73. The Project prepared a compendium of poverty alleviation schemes of the Government for the urban poor, which was used as a tool for sensitizing the communities on availability of such schemes. All APs categorized as urban poor were eligible to receive benefits from poverty alleviation/income generation schemes like Annapurna, Antyoday, SJSRY etc.20 The Project

20 Eighteen self-help groups with female members were formed under the project to inculcate savings habits

and start a small income generation program. The groups were assisted with opening of bank accounts. The SDU also helped the groups to obtain assistance from other financial institutions. Despite the initial efforts, the self help groups (SHG) formed under the project could not be sustained as people were evidently not informed adequately

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also introduced skills training programs, self-help groups, and bank linkage activities as additional measures to augment the existing income levels of the affected families.21 Women were the main beneficiaries of training; of the total 487 trainees, 396 (81%) were female and 91 (19%) male. 22

Table 17: Number of APs trained Canal No. of persons

trained

TP 296 * Keorapukur 37 Monikhali 65 Churial 89 Total 487 *

74. A vocational training unit was set up at the transit camp where 26 females, in two groups, from affected households learnt advanced tailoring. This was expected to provide an additional income to their families in the near future. Both the groups have been assisted in opening savings accounts with banks, so that on completion of the training they can start a tailoring production unit.23 Opening accounts with banks was previously not possible for APs due to their status as illegal settlers. 75. As part of its plan for creation of income generation opportunities, the Project also proposed to create a green belt (tree plantations) on the canal banks once they were vacated by the unauthorized occupants. The proposed green belt was envisaged to be 10m in width and would leave roughly 3m width of bank for maintenance work. Two APs per km from highly vulnerable families were proposed to be engaged to protect the plantation area, who were to be encouraged to grow fruits and vegetables on a small piece of land within the plantation area as well. This was expected to directly generate a sustained source of livelihood for about 130 families. In addition, the green belt would serve to prevent encroachment of canal banks. This proposal remained on paper however, and was not implemented.

C. Insurance

76. Fire and accident insurance was provided to the 420 transit camp households alone, as they were perceived to have been rendered more vulnerable than those relocated directly to the resettlement sites. This insurance coverage was provided for a period of one year - during the period of stay at the transit camp.

about the purpose of formation, potential benefits etc. and were not provided the required handholding support. The groups have ceased to exist and did not have the envisaged impact. 21 Focus group discussions with beneficiaries of training programs at Nonadanga, Kasba and Purba Putiary reveal

that they are indeed using their training as beauticians, nurses, tailors and mobile phone/refrigerator/air-conditioner repair technicians to augment household incomes. 22 KEIP 2013. Status Report on Resettlement and Rehabilitation. Kolkata.

23 Information on present status of the two groups is not available.

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VII. Institutional Framework 77. For purposes of resettlement, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) was the executing agency (EA). The EA established a Social Development Unit (SDU) within its Project Management Unit (PMU). The SDU was responsible for coordination of its activities with all government agencies as well as non-government organizations (NGOs). The responsibility for implementing canal works was with the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD), the other EA for the Project. 78. Project Management Units. KMC Project Management Unit (PMU) is headed by a Project Director. A separate PMU was established in the Directorate of Irrigation and Waterways, also headed by a Project Director with the rank of the Chief Engineer. The responsibilities of the PMUs include overall management of the Project, including recruitment of consultants, procurement, land acquisition, resettlement, and stakeholder consultations. Both PMUs were assisted in their work by the associated line departments, SDU and Project Management Consultants. Both KMC and IWD were responsible for ensuring adequate gender balance in the staff of the PMUs. The PMUs’ responsibilities included ensuring continuity of staff through the full term of the Project. 79. Coordination. The two PMUs worked in close coordination. There is a common ADB Project Office, where officials with specific assignment for the Project in both the PMUs were deputed. Both PMUs were assisted in their work by the associated line departments, SDU and Project Management Consultants. The Project Office is headed by the Project Director of KEIP, KMC, who is of the rank of Special Secretary. As KMC is the principal executing agency, it was responsible for convening meetings of PMUs, maintaining its minutes, and follow-up on the decisions taken. The Project Office also provided the coordination point for KMC, KMDA, GoWB, IWD and other Government stakeholders, consultants, contractors and co-financiers.

80. Social Development Unit (SDU). Although a strong field presence is essential, initially, it was decided that no staff would be recruited for the purpose either in KMC or IWD. Instead, the Project planned to involve consultants and engage NGOs as Implementing Agencies (IAs). Two NGOs were engaged specifically for field level implementation of resettlement activities. However, later, the SDU was set up and given responsibility for all tasks connected with resettlement and rehabilitation of the affected people in a participatory manner, livelihood restoration program, internal monitoring, and reporting. This requires them to be in regular consultation with APs in the field. 24

24 The Project Management Unit of the EA has set up a Social Development Unit in place of the NGO (TERI) hired

earlier. The following points outline the basis for the need for this change in arrangement: • Optimising use of local resources- TERI was not a Kolkata or West Bengal based NGO. It had various specialists based in Delhi, who visited Kolkata for a few days in a month. For field level activities, TERI had hired local staff. In the SDU, this arrangement was improved by hiring full time local individual consultants and KMC personnel at the Project Level and local NGOs at the field level for implementation of its social sector interventions. • Minimising overhead expenditure -A large amount of TERI’s expenses (64%) was on administrative overheads in the form of air travel and per diem expenses of consultants, and institutional cost. In the changed SDU arrangement of keeping KMC staff and hiring local individual consultants instead of an agency, the overhead expenditures were negligible. • Core competence of KMC strengthened- The capacity building component of the project funded by DFID for the KMC was for the orientation and capacity building of KMC personnel on social sector issues. Presence of KMC personnel in the new SDU arrangement served to strengthen core competence of KMC rather than that of an NGO.

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81. Implementing Agency. The Project envisaged an important role for the Implementing Agency (IA) in RP implementation. The Implementing Agencies were NGOs who were engaged to carry out field level interventions. Jayprakash Institute for Social Change and Bharat Sevashram Sangha were the two NGOs engaged with requisite skills and capacity to assist the resettlement process. Each of the NGOs had a minimum of 5 personnel dedicated full time for performance of the following major tasks:

1. Serve as a link between the Project and APs 2. Educate APs about the Project, its likely impacts, and mitigation measures designed to

assist them 3. Assist all APs in getting their entitlements and cash compensation 4. Assist APs with income restoration/improvement plans, especially the vulnerable groups 5. Help APs in obtaining access to social benefit schemes as per eligibility.

82. Strengthening Institutional Capacity. The Project devoted some attention to strengthening the institutional capacity for resettlement management. As a first step, the Project contacted training institutions and/or consultants within India to organize training programs or workshops for all project personnel involved in the planning and implementation of resettlement. The Implementing Agency involved in implementation of the Plan was required to participate in the training activities. Table 18 provides a summary of training activities undertaken.

Table 18: Institutional Strengthening Activities Date Duration Name and Designation

of person(s) conducting session

Venue Name of Programme/Course

25.8.2006

One day

Sri Kali Sankar Ghosh - Senior Consultant R&R

Ground Floor Conference Room ADB India Resident Mission 4 San Martin Marg Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021

Orientation Seminar on ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement

21.6.2006 to 23.6.2006

Three days

Sri Kali Sankar Ghosh - Senior Consultant R&R Sri Prabir Kumar Ray - Consultant, R&R

IIC Annexe, New Delhi Organised By: Council For Social Development, 53 Lodi Estate, New Delhi -110003

Third Training Workshop on Capacity Building for Resettlement management (for personnel engaged in involuntary displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation due to development projects)

In addition, a Steering Committee for Community Development (SCCD) was formed at the Project Level, which was responsible for overseeing all social sector interventions, chaired by the Member Mayor in Council, KMC and having as other members Jt. Commissioner, KMC, DG (Bustee), KMC, DG (Civil), KMC, Project Director, KEIP, Team Leaders of PMC, DSC, PMU and the Convenor in Team Leader, SDU. • Increasing number of NGOs at implementation level- Increasing field level activities necessitated engaging NGOs at field level. To have TERI, itself an NGO at the project level and engage NGOs at field level would result in big brother attitude and thus a clash of egos. In the revised arrangement, NGOs were engaged at the field level each with a minimum of 5 staff to carry out the various social sector interventions who report to SDU. • Strengthening Social Sector in PMU- Having TERI (NGO), a Social Sector specialist in PMC and another specialist in DSC looking after the social sector issues in PMU resulted in minimum output. With the setting up of SDU in 2005, comprising of 3 KMC personnel, 5 consultants, 4 Field Coordinators, 2 Community Mobilisers and 10 NGOs, the social sector of KEIP PMU was strengthened and produced the desired results in resettlement and rehabilitation, slum Improvement and sewerage and drainage components of the project.

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83. A short duration orientation program was also organized for project personnel with specializations in areas other than social safeguards, such as engineering, legal and financial staff. The objective of training was to generate wider awareness of resettlement issues that are integral to the entire development process among KMC and IWD staff. 84. Training was proposed to be tailored to the specific needs of KMC, IWD and IA personnel. In substance, the training programme was envisaged to consist of the following main issues in resettlement planning and implementation: (i) Laws and policies regarding land acquisition (ii) ADB policy on involuntary resettlement (iii) Impoverishment risks and reconstruction strategies (iv) Information sharing, consultation’ and participation (v) Gender dimensions in resettlement (vi) Compensation to affected persons (vii) Assistance in relocation (viii) Income restoration programs (ix) Institutional arrangements including grievance redress (x) Monitoring and evaluation 85. The Project also proposed to arrange for learning visits of selected personnel to other projects with successful resettlement programs.

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VIII. Resettlement Budget and Financing

A. Resettlement Costs

86. Apart from land acquisition costs, the other major costs envisaged for RP implementation were: (i) cost of moving to temporary housing for the transit camp, (ii) cost of provision of permanent housing, income restoration, and administrative cost. 87. Housing for affected households was the main resettlement activity under the Project. With support from VAMBAY (Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna), a Government of India housing scheme for the urban poor and later, Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP), the Project provided flats with legal title to households and shops that were removed from the canal banks. The average estimated cost of flats was Rs 84,000. In Manikhali and Churial the cost per unit was envisaged to be somewhat higher due to land preparation, construction of an approach road, and other infrastructure. Under the VAMBAY scheme, the affected people were eligible for an amount of Rs 30,000 per family as government subsidy. Beneficiary contribution of 5% of the cost was envisaged, while the remaining cost was to be borne by the Project. 88. The Project cost for housing including temporary arrangements was estimated as Rs, 310,716,195 in 2006. Table 19 shows the canal-wise budget versus actual costs incurred for housing for all affected households who were resettled.

Table 19: Budget vs. Actual Cost of Flats and Temporary Shelters (Rs. million) Canal Households Project cost

(budget) Households Project cost

(actual)

TP 2688 196.60 2320 314.41 Keorapukur 571

62.31 79 30.24

Monikhali 270 50.01 Churial 387 42.23 211 52.11 Temporary housing 95.80 -

Total 3626 310.72 2880 446.77

80. The total estimated budget for implementation of the short Resettlement Plan of the Padirhati Pumping Station subproject, including payment of compensation and assistance to the entitled APs, preparation of identity card, cost of resettlement operation and management for the Project and engaging Independent external Monitor is INR 32,45,000.00 (US$ 70,960) (US$ 1.00 = INR 45.73).A break up of the cost estimate is given in the following table. (Table 20) The actual resettlement cost was : (a) cost of land INR 24,00000, stamp duty and registration INR 170,410, advocate and other fees INR 50,000, i.e., a total of INR 26,20,410 INR (USD 57,302).

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Table 20. Tentative Budget

S. No

Item Unit Quantity Unit cost (INR)

T o ta l

cos t (INR)

A. Compensation 1 P r i v a t e L a n d V a l u e Acre 0.2191, 1,20,94,934.00 26,50,000.00

Basic cost of land

26,50,000.00

2 Stamp Duty & Registration cost

@7.1% 1,88,160.00

3

4

Solatium @ 15%

Interest @ 6%

Not applicable

Not applicable

Sub-Total of A 28,38,160.00

B. Temporary Access to Structure

1 Shop No. 13 1500 19,500 Sub-Total of B 19,500.00

1

2

Income Assistance

Vulnerable Assistance

C. Resettlement

15 days

-

Assistance

13 AP

9 AF

Rs 1000

L/s

13,000

9,000 Sub-Total of C 22,000.00

D. Support for resettlement plan implementation 1

Social Development Unit of KEIP including Logistics

20,000 2

Training 10,000 3 Independent External

Monitoring

10,000 Sub-Total of D 40,000

Total (A+B+C+D) 27,19,660.00

Contingencies @ 10% 2,71,966.00

Total

Rs. 29,91,626.00, or, 29,92,000.00

Source: Short Resettlement Plan for Padirhati Sewage Pumping Station, February 2010. Note: Market valuation of the land has been informally collected from the Revenue officer of the concerned circle and also from the local people. This needs to be authenticated at the time of fixation of compensation and by Grievance Redress Committee constituted by KEIP.

B. Resettlement Budget versus Actual Expenditure (Canal improvements only)

89. In 2000, an amount of US$ 4.8 million was provided for resettlement under the RRP. The Loan Agreement signed in 2002 slightly raised the resettlement budget provision to US$ 5.0 million. 90. The Project’s estimate for resettlement in 2006 was US$ 6.90 million, but this amount was not included in the supplementary loan proposal. It was proposed to keep the resettlement cost within the original budget provision. The actual resettlement cost was US$ 16.74 million (the figure is based on the then conversion rate (US$ 1=INR 45.73)) (Table 21).

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Table 21: Resettlement Costs S. No. Item Amount budgeted in

2006 RP (Rs. million) Amount spent (Rs. million)

1 Transit resettlement 4.30 3.91 2 Resettlement in VAMBAY/ BSUP flats 306.42 446.77 3 Cost of transport allowance for APs 0.105 0.126 4 Costs to address temporary impacts 0.295 Nil 5 Cost of livelihood and security measures 0.35 0.84 6 Monitoring cost 1.5 0.99 7 Contingency (15%) 46.95 Sub-total 359.92 452.636

8 Land acquisition (transfer) cost 119.70 207.14 9 Admin costs+ Finance charges (i.e.

overheads & interest on loan) 48.79 105.76

Sub-total 168.49 312.9

Total 527.91 765.536

X. Monitoring and Evaluation 91. Internal and external resettlement monitoring was undertaken both internally and externally. In addition to quantitative monitoring, qualitative monitoring was conducted, using a variety of tools and methods such as: key informant interviews, focus group discussions, community public meetings, structured direct observations and case studies. 92. Internal Monitoring. The Social Development Unit (SDU) within the Project was responsible for regular internal monitoring. The SDU’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Unit (RRU) comprised four members: Senior Consultant (1), Consultant (1), and the Project’s Social Sector Staff (4). The NGO Coordinator and the SCP Consultants of the SDU also provided assistance, when required. Two NGOs provided assistance in carrying out field level resettlement activities. This Team prepared monthly plans to check progress of RP implementation. 93. The internal monitoring was focused on all affected families, as this was expected to give a true picture of Resettlement Plan activities impact on them. At the field level, the monitoring mechanism was centred around Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs). These groups were in regular contact with canal bank dwellers to redress any grievances they may have had about resettlement assistance and related issues. In addition to review of internal monitoring at the SDU level, the internal monitoring report was reviewed by the Project Director every month. The Project Review Committee (PRC) headed by the Mayor of Kolkata was also responsible for review of the monitoring reports and suggest follow up actions, as required. 94. The focus of internal monitoring was to be on the following aspects:

(i) Compensation and assistance (ii) Resettlement entitlement, transit camp, land development (iii) Income restoration (iv) Special intervention for vulnerable groups (v) Women empowerment through sensitization, participation and training (vi) Information sharing and consultation (vii) Grievance redress (viii) Implementation strategy and schedule sharing

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(ix) Coverage of APs under the government’s poverty alleviation and income generation schemes 25

(x) Formation of women’s self-help groups and their vocational training. 95. External Monitoring. The Project appointed an external monitor to provide an objective and independent perspective on all matters pertaining to RP implementation. Key activities under external monitoring included:

• Verification and review of internal monitoring reports prepared by the project. • Comparative study pre and post relocation. • Impact assessment through one to one interviews, focus group discussions, and

consultation with stakeholders and community leaders. • Selection and identification of impact indicators. • Assessing the efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the resettlement

procedures. • Assistance in future resettlement policy formulation and planning.

96. Methods used were:

• Key informant interviews: select local leaders, persons with special knowledge or experience about resettlement activities and implementation.

• Focus group discussion: specific topics on compensation, services at resettlement areas, income restoration, gender to be discussed in group sessions.

• Community public meetings: at the resettlement areas to elicit information on various resettlement activities.

• Structured direct observations: field observations on status of resettlement implementation, individual and group interviews.

• Case studies: on APs or communities from various social classes to assess resettlement impact.

97. Reporting Requirements. Internal monitoring reports were to be prepared every month. The external monitor was to submit quarterly reports in the first three years and two reports for the remaining project duration. External monitoring aimed at verification of the results of internal monitoring, and evaluation of whether the objectives of the plan were being met. The external monitor’s reported were submitted to ADB and the PMU.

25 Although convergence with income generation schemes was not achieved, convergence with housing schemes for

the urban poor was successfully achieved, with 581 flats provided under Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) and 2114 flats under Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP).

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Appendix 1

APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2000)

1. This summary draws on the resettlement plan (RP) prepared for the Project. Two project components will require land acquisition: (i) sewerage and drainage improvements (part B), and (ii) solid waste management (part C). Canal improvements (part E) will require the relocation of informal dwellers from government-owned lands (canals); for the purpose of this appendix, this will be classified as “land acquisition”. A. Implementation Arrangements 2. Resettlement will be the responsibility of the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD) of the government of West Bengal and the Calcutta Municipal Corporation (CMC). Each organization will have a project management unit, which will contain personnel with community development skills for managing the resettlement operations. Nongovernment organizations (NGOs), engaged under the loan, will facilitate implementation of the resettlement plan, and will serve as the link to the affected people. The NGOs will involve the affected people in all decision-making regarding relocation and resettlement criteria, facilitate formation of livelihood groups, encourage the formation of community-based organizations, and ensure that affected people are assisted according to agreed entitlements. No Calcutta NGOs have resettlement experience; however, some Calcutta NGOs have demonstrated experience and skill in implementing community development programs and would be suitable for this activity. At the community level, community resettlement groups will be established. These will be broad-based groups to provide representation for all affected people. At least 50 percent of committee members will be women. B. Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement

1. Sewerage and Drainage Improvements (Part B) 3. The land required for development works under this component is not large, i.e., 15 hectares (ha) for the sewage treatment plant, and 0.25-4.0 ha for each of the nine pumping stations. Two possible locations for the sewage treatment plant have been identified, one of which is in the jurisdiction of the Rajpur Sonarpur Municipality (RSM). Although the municipality and CMC own these marshy lands, the lands’ encroachers are living on them. About 50 encroachers are on the CMC and about 25 are on the RSM land. When these lands are taken over by CMC, these encroachers will lose their livelihoods. Except for the Beerpara sewerage pumping station, tracts of marshy lands belonging to CMC are being considered for the remaining eight pumping stations. For the Beerpara pumping station, the possible sites identified include two public parks and one pond near a railway bridge.

2. Solid Waste Management (Part C)

4. About 2 ha of land will be required for the construction of garage facilities in Javadpur. Privately owned land suitable for the purpose has been identified. While 80 ha of land required for the compost plant is already available at Dhapa, the development program will eventually close off the existing landfill to trash sorters. Approximately 625 trash sorters will lose their livelihoods. While 2.28 ha of land required for the compost plant is already available at Noapara, the Project will also eventually close the site to trash sorters, about 30 sorters will lose their livelihoods.

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3. Canal Improvements (Part E) 5. About 58 settlements are located along 34 km of canals that will be improved under the Project. The Project will potentially displace about 3,600 households (11,000 people) along the canal banks. Efforts have been made to minimize displacement by reducing the width of the canals, reclaiming of land from canal banks, and maneuvering rights-of-way to allow the households to remain in place. Where relocation is unavoidable, people will be moved to sites as close to their existing homes as possible, at a maximum distance of 800 meters and up to 2 kilometers in some unavoidable cases. By avoiding relocation to distant sites, affected people will be able to continue with their present employment. C. Policy Framework and Entitlements 6. The Asian Development Bank policy on Involuntary Resettlement and the 1894 Land Acquisition Act provide the framework for resettlement. Within this framework, the resettlement plan provides a comprehensive package of compensation and assistance to all affected people. The plan provides mitigation for (i) loss of assets, including land, house, or workplace; (ii) loss of livelihood or income opportunities; and (iii) collective impacts on groups, such as the loss of community assets and other common property resources. 7. Affected people will be given the option to relocate themselves to a place of their preference or to move to a relocation site. Those who relocate themselves will be paid an amount equivalent to the replacement value of their existing structure. Affected people moving to relocation sites will be allocated a plot area of 17 square meters for households with 5 members, and 20 square meters for households with more than 5 members or more than 3 adult members. People who have no legal title to their land constitute the majority of affected persons under the Project. The housing package for canal dwellers and others with no legal title will include (i) a plot area for a house, (ii) replacement value of the existing structure, less salvage value; (iii) assistance for upgrading from a thatched-roof structure to a structure comprising bamboo and roofing material; and (iv) a resettlement allowance for a reasonable period as will be decided by the implementation committee. The implementation committee will comprise project management unit staff and canal-level community resettlement groups. CMC will assist specially vulnerable households to build their houses in the relocation sites. 8. Canal improvement works will commence only after relocation is complete. Affected people will transfer to the relocation houses only after their new houses are built. Affected people will build their own houses in the new sites. Once the movement to the new site is completed, the affected people, with assistance from IWD/CMC, will demolish the old houses. The affected people will be encouraged to salvage materials at the time of demolition. D. Consultations and Disclosure of Information 9. Consultations and numerous discussions have been held with key people and stakeholders. To make the public consultations effective, participatory rapid appraisal exercises in the form of group meetings and discussions were conducted with groups of stakeholders. Key people were identified in each locality. Most key people are actually the local ward committee, municipal, and village councilors or members; political and religious leaders; youth representatives; schoolteachers; or other eminent people within the locales. The key people were instrumental in discussions with affected people on the design of resettlement packages, options for housing, location of new sites, etc. Separate meetings were held with women to identify their specific needs and concerns. The more vulnerable among the women were

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identified for added assistance. The women were also consulted on site selection, housing pattern, civic amenities, and livelihood concerns. The Project takes adequate measures for disclosure of the resettlement plan. E. Grievance Redress and Transparency 10. The Project will establish a grievance redress mechanism to deal with complaints from affected people. There will be one information booth for each canal-level community resettlement group. Each group will have a member secretary who will be responsible for disseminating information and receiving the summary requirements of the settlement-level community resettlement group and stakeholder complaints. The NGOs will ensure that grievances are acted upon in an effective manner. The Project’s participatory approach to implementation will ensure transparency and accountability. NGOs are expected to play a significant role in this approach. To avoid any accusation of impropriety and corruption, all payments relating to compensation and resettlement assistance will be made publicly. F. Vulnerable Groups 11. People who will be affected by the Project are mostly living below the poverty line. There are 2,157 households who are considered poor, and 317 are households headed by women, and 264 by elderly people. Many children between the ages of 7 and 14 years work in the settlements. Boys work mostly in teashops and small roadside shops or industries. Girls mostly work as domestic helpers. During the monsoon months, children work in prawn processing centers. When there is a short supply of prawns, children then move on to work as trash sorters in landfill sites. In the Dhapa landfill site, sorters (adults and children) will lose their livelihood with the mechanization of solid waste management by the year 2010. The resettlement plan incorporates an action plan for retraining sorters at the Dhapa landfill site. In the interim period, sorters will be provided with gloves, boots, aprons, and masks, and will be given periodic health check-ups. With the closure of the landfill site, they will be assisted to establish alternative livelihoods. An action plan for the rehabilitation of child workers from canal settlements and landfill sites is part of the resettlement plan. Children will be withdrawn from employment and assisted in getting accommodation in schools, and for those who are 7 years old and above, they will be trained for one year to prepare them for admission to existing formal schools. G. Monitoring and Evaluation 12. The social development unit within CMC will be responsible for internal monitoring. The focus of internal monitoring will be on (i) compensation and assistance package, (ii) resettlement, (iii) recovery, (iv) vulnerable groups, (v) women, (vi) information sharing and consultation, (vii) grievance redress, and (viii) budget and implementation scheduling. The social development unit will contract out external monitoring to a qualified social science research institute, an NGO, or a consulting firm. The external monitoring agency will submit quarterly reports in the first three years of the Project, and then two reports a year for the remaining project duration. External monitoring will verify the results of internal monitoring, and evaluate whether the objectives of the resettlement plan are being met.

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Appendix 2

APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY RESETTLEMENT PLAN (2006)

On 19 December 2000, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved the Calcutta (Kolkata) Environment Improvement Project to assist the Government in achieving sanitation improvements in the outer areas of Kolkata municipality. Supplementary financing is being processed to address (i) cost overruns, (ii) price escalation, (iii) cost increases due to physical and design changes, and (iv) cost underestimates. A resettlement plan (RP) was prepared for the Project in 2000. The RP was updated in 2006 based on project design and physical changes: specifically: (i) increase in the length of canal improvements, (ii) cancellation of sewage treatment plant components and drainage pumping stations, and (iii) a change in location for the solid waste management facility.

Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement. Project design has carefully incorporated engineering solutions to minimize land acquisition and resettlement impacts. Changes in project design had the objective of causing least disruption to the project area population. In the case of canal improvement which affects the most persons among project components, design changes avoided densely populated canal tracts.26 Component siting and alignment continue to be studied with the objective of reducing land acquisition and resettlement impacts as the Project is implemented.

Components B (sewerage and drainage improvements), C (solid waste management), and E (canal improvements) require land.27 For Component B, the 2.58 hectares (ha) required for sewage pumping stations is government land.28 Sewage treatment plant works will be within existing facilities. Component B will result in temporary impacts due to construction of trunk sewer lines. For Component C, an estimated 60 ha is required for the solid waste management facility. The land will be sited within KMC property. The eventual closure of the current landfill site will have impacts on garbage sorters. For Component E, 77.31 kilometers of canals will be improved. While land acquisition is not required at the canal sites, it will affect a significant numbers of canal dwellers. Government land will be used for the relocation sites.

Policy Framework and Entitlements. The policy framework and entitlements for the Project are based on national law (i) The Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (LAA, amended in 1984), (ii) the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project Affected Persons, 2004 (NRRP), and (iii) ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement, 1995. A summary of the entitlement matrix is in the table below.

26 For example, in the case of the Keorapukur canal, canal improvement was reduced from 9 kilometers (km)

to 1.148 km. In the case of the Churial canal, the same objective of avoiding a thickly populated settlement was achieved through a slight diversion through the Churial Extension canal that involved an increase in the canal length from 24 km to 27.545 km. 27 The Project will improve the urban environment in outer areas of Kolkota Municipality through six

components: (A) stakeholder consultation program, (B) sewerage and drainage improvements, (C) solid waste management, (D) slum improvements, (E) canal improvements, and (F) implementation assistance and capacity building. The project area covers boroughs I, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, VII and XV (outer areas of Kolkata municipality) for parts B, D and E of the Project, with parts A, C and F covering all boroughs within the municipality. 28 Eight drainage pumping stations originally proposed have been dropped from the Project based on revised

project design.

45

An assessment of the status and progress of project implementation shows that for components that will require land and result in resettlement impacts—progress has been slow. As a result, all affected persons (APs) will be provided compensation and assistance based on this updated RP.

Entitlement Matrix

Type of Loss Application Definition of

Entitled Person Compensation Policy


1 Loss of structure



1. Provision of 190 square foot VAMBAY flat with connections to basic urban services (water supply, electricity, and sewage) allotted on a 99-year non-resalable lease.


3. Exemption from any registration costs, and other fees related to moving into VAMBAY flats.


2 Loss of structure




30 provided to AP with the condition

that employee(s) if any will be retained. 2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300 3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees

related to shops. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable

households (item 4). 3 Loss of

structure Loss of residential cum commercial structure



2. Transport and labor support of Rs. 300 3. Exemption from any, registration costs, and other fees

related to moving into VAMBAY flats. 4. Additional compensation for the highly vulnerable

households (item 4).


Loss of structure Households headed by females, the elderly (over 65) or handicapped, and BPL households. Child laborers


2. Livelihood training. 3. Priority in allocation of land for social forestry and

vegetable/crop production along canal banks. 4. Schooling based on National Policy. 5. Implementing a plan of action for rehabilitation co-

developed with UNICEF, Save the Children, NGOs and CBOs.

6. Gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.

5 Loss of Community Structures


Community 1. Replacement of affected schools. 2. Community sheds in the VAMBAY complex will be

provided for activities such as community meetings, recreational activities, meetings of the user groups, and vocational trainings.

3. Salvaging of materials for reuse or sale by the

29 Rs 300 is based on transport requirements of the first 165 households shifted to VAMBAY flats. Because of

the proximity, the allowance provided 4 autorickshaw trips found to be adequate to transport the AF’s belongings or labor assistance for about 3 days. 30 These will be in the perimeter of the residential structures

46


Compensation Policy

community organization allowed.









Temporary loss of livelihood/ source of income






Solid Waste Management

8 Loss of livelihood

Loss of livelihood/ source of income

Garbage collectors/ragpickers

1. In the interim, provisions on gloves, boots, aprons, and masks, and will be given periodic health check-ups.

2. Post closure, assistance in establishing alternative livelihoods.

9 Any other loss not identified

1. Unanticipated involuntary impacts shall be documented and mitigated based on the principles in ADB’s IR Policy

Information Dissemination, Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Redress. The

Project adopts a participatory approach throughout RP implementation. Every month, a series of interactive session with all stakeholders including APs, ward committee members, municipal councilors, and civil society groups are conducted. Thirty-seven Canal Resettlement Groups (CRGs) with a total of 460 AP members were formed. CRGs meet at regular intervals to decide and discuss issues related to their community. These CRGs will be the basis of housing cooperatives when APs are moved to the VAMBAY flats.31 The Project regularly distributes English and local language pamphlets containing project progress to stakeholders. Information booths have been set up in construction sites and in resettlement areas. The Project is setting up information booths in boroughs and canals/settlements to increase information dissemination. Resettlement planning information was disclosed to APs and other stakeholders.

At the settlement level, CRGs address grievances of APs. CRGs are expected to resolve any issue brought forward within a week, after which the grievance is brought to the engaged NGO which is given one week to resolve grievances. Grievances not resolved by the NGO are brought to the SDU, which in consultation with the Councilor and appropriate government authority, will address the grievance within one week. Grievances not redressed by the SDU are brought to the Grievance Redress Committee comprising the Councilor, two members from the SDU, two project staff, and two representatives from the CRGs. Grievances not addressed by the GRC within two weeks will be brought by the AP to the appropriate court of law.

31 CRGs will also be responsible for the operation and maintenance of infrastructural facilities, such as drainage, internal pathways, solid waste collection, and water supply in the VAMBAY flats.

47

Compensation and Income Restoration. Loss of structures (residential and

commercial) will be replaced with apartments/shops/residential-cum-commercial units from the Valmiki Ambedkar Shari Awas Yojna (VAMBAY) urban housing scheme of the Government. The affected household will contribute 5% of the cost of the unit, in exchange, from being informal dwellers on government land, they become legal owners of units with access to basic urban infrastructure. Units will be given on a 99 year non-resaleable lease in the name of the female head of the household. In addition, affected households are entitled to a shifting grant of Rs 300.00.

The highly vulnerable group comprise households headed by women, the elderly, and disabled/handicapped; very poor households with incomes less than Rs 2,300 per month and child laborers. Legal titles will be in the name of women, and thus the Project will help promote the empowerment of women. To assist the highly vulnerable, the Project will provide them with ground floor VAMBAY flats which have commercial possibilities, provide access to land for social forestry and vegetable/crop production in rehabilitated canal banks, and facilitate access to livelihood and other social programs of the Government. Child laborers will be provided: (i) schooling based on National Policy, (ii) assistance based on a plan of action for rehabilitation, and (iii) gradual discontinuation from work and mainstreaming child laborers into the educational stream.

Institutional Framework, Resettlement Costs, and Implementation Schedule. The Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), the executing agency (EA), has established a Social Development Unit (SDU) within its Project Management Unit (PMU). It coordinates its activities with all government agencies as well as non-government organizations (NGOs). The responsibility for implementing canal works is with the Irrigation and Waterways Department (IWD), the other EA for the Project. The SDU is responsible for all tasks connected with resettlement and rehabilitation of APs in a participatory manner, livelihood restoration program, internal monitoring, and reporting. This requires them to be in regular consultation with APs in the field. Although a strong field presence is essential, no staff will be recruited for this purpose in either the KMC or the IWD. Instead, the Project will involve consultants and engage NGOs as Implementing Agencies (IAs). Two NGOs have been engaged specifically for field level implementation of resettlement activities.

The estimated resettlement cost is US$ 6.90 million, for land transfer costs from other government departments, transit village costs, cost of VAMBAY units, income restoration, and administrative costs. Remaining resettlement implementation is expected to be completed within an 18-month timeframe.

Monitoring and Evaluation. Internal and external monitoring will utilize quantitative monitoring, and qualitative monitoring using a variety of tool and methods such key informant interviews, focus group discussions, community public meetings, structured direct observations, and case studies. The SDU will be responsible for conducting regular internal monitoring. The SDU will prepare a monthly plan to check progress of RP implementation. Internal monitoring will cover: compensation and assistance; resettlement entitlement, transit camp, and land development; income restoration; special intervention for vulnerable groups; women empowerment through sensitization, participation and training; information sharing and consultation; grievance redress; implementation strategy and schedule sharing; coverage of APs under various government schemes for poverty alleviation and income generation; and formation of women’s self-help groups and their vocational training. An external monitor will be engaged primarily to: create a database to be used as benchmark for monitoring project output

48

and impacts, assess the degree of project outcomes and impacts in relation to urban infrastructure development and rehabilitation, and identify the quality of life indicators against which the impact of this Project in the project areas could be monitored.

49

Appendix 3

APPENDIX 3: EXPLANATION OF WHY NO RESETTLEMENT IS REQUIRED FOR 187 HOUSEHOLDS (reducing the number of affected families to 2880) 3A. SUMMARY OF SURVEY REPORT ON 187 AFs TO ASCERTAIN WILLINGNESS TO SHIFT TO KEIP FLATS

A survey of 187 enlisted, affected families to whom identity cards had been provided was carried out between 22.04.13 - 30.04.13. Of the 187 AFs, 137 AFs were from the TP canal system and 50 AFs were from the Monikhali canal system. The Table below provides settlement-wise details of these 187 AFs. Table: Settlement-wise no of AFs S. No. Name of Canal Name of Canal Bank

Settlements Number of Canal Bank Dweller Households

1 Monikhali

Ghoshpara (Along Santoshpur Road)

50

2

T. P. Basin

Jamuna Nagar(C2C3) 63 3 Suti Mukundapur 43 4 Garfa Mondal Para 10 5 SurveyPark 9 6 Naya Badh Budherhut 10 7 Rajdanga Mallickpara (CC1 W) 1 8 Haltu New Park (CC1 W) 1

Total 187

(A) Observations related to AFs of Monikhali canal system: In Monikhali canal system, all the 50 AFs are in a single settlement, Ghoshpara, along Santoshpur Road. The survey revealed that all enlisted AFs are shop-owners. Further, the AFs have submitted in writing that they are reluctant to be shifted from their present settlement as their livelihood will be hampered badly if they shift to KEIP flats.

(B) Observations related to AFs of TP canal system: Card-holding canal bank dwellers of Jamuna Nagar (63 AFs) under TP system had earlier intimated the Project in writing that they are not willing to vacate their present canal bank settlement. In course of verification on 30.04.13, efforts were made to persuade them to vacate the canal bank and move to the flats at Nonadanga constructed for them. They also presented documentary evidence where from it was gathered that a majority of them have already constructed pucca structures on the canal banks and have legal water supply and electricity connections and are paying tax to KMC regularly. Since they have legal connections to utilities and are property tax payers, they do not perceive the need to shift. Enlisted AFs from Suti Mukundapur canal bank (43 AFs) gave in writing that they are reluctant to be shifted form their position as all of the AFs are gainfully engaged in jobs in the nearby commercial areas, and the shift would affect their livelihood. In Garfa Mondal Para, Survey Park, Naya Badh Budherhut, Rajdanga Mallick Para and Haltu New Park canal bank settlements, 31 AFs to whom ID cards were issued by the Project, could not be located. The locals could not provide information on where these families had moved.

50

Appendix 3

3B. FAMILY-WISE EXPLANATION OF WHY NO RESETTLEMENT IS REQUIRED

FOR 187 HOUSEHOLDS (reducing the number of affected families to 2880)

A. MONIKHALI CANAL (50 Nos.)

S.No. S.No. Name of Beneficiaries Card No. Reasons why no

resettlement required

1. Settlement: Ghoshpara (along Santoshpur Road)

1 1 Sri Srikanta Biswas MA 39019

All AFs are shopkeepers, hence unwilling to relocate due to potential loss of livelihood.

2 2 Sri Sanjay MA 3929

3 3 Sri Saroj Kumar Pan MA 39032

4 4 Sri Raju Shaw MA 39023

5 5 Sri Mrinmoy MA 39031

6 6 Sri Haranidhi Pan MA 39028

7 7 Sm Krishna Pan MA 39030

8 8 S. Padma Biswas MA 39018

9 9 Sri Barun MA 39020

10 10 Sri Monoranjan Mallick MA 39021

11 11 Sri Krishanu Mullick MA 39022

12 12 Sri Subhasish Ghosh MA 39046

13 13 Sri Bablu Ghosj MA 39042

14 14 Sri Dulal Dutta MA 39033

15 15 Sri Anjan Ghosh MA 39044

16 16 Sm Dipan Ghosh MA 39046

17 17 Sri Sudipta Ghosh MA 39043

18 18 Sri Amar Kumar Ghosh MA 39005

19 19 Sri Gour Das MA 39075

20 20 Sri Pannalal Adak MA 39053

21 21 Sri Kumaresh Adak MA 39052

22 22 Sri Ajay Manna MA 39055

23 23 Sri Prabir Gayen MA 39055A

24 24 Sri Naren Manna MA 39054

25 25 Sri Swapan Das MA 39090

26 26 Sri Satyabrata Dutta MA 39024

27 27 Sri Samir Dutta MA 39025

28 28 Sri Santirani Dey MA 39089

29 29 Sri Ashok Santra MA 39063

30 30 Sri Santi Pan MA 39049

31 31 Sri Nopu Pan MA 39050

32 32 Sri Shanti Pan MA 39048

33 33 Sri Mrinal Khara MA 39084

34 34 Sri Biplab Pal MA 39088

35 35 Sm Sumita Nayek MA 39081

36 36 Sri Sukumar Senko MA 39049

37 37 Sri Lalmohan Parkray MA 39101

38 38 Sri Gokul Barik MA 39093

39 39 Sm Mina barik MA 39094

40 40 Sri Tapas Ghosh MA 39087

51

41 41 Sri Pradip Ghosh MA 39039

42 42 Sri Poltu Senko MA 39049A

43 43 Sri Subhash Ghosh MA 39079

44 44 Sri Lalmohan Parkray MA 3992

45 45 Sri Shibnath Dhara MA 39071

46 46 Sri Akshay Dhara MA 39066

47 47 Sri Raghunath Dhara MA 39065

48 48 Sri Bhim Chandra Dhara MA 39060B

49 49 Sri Rabin Mullick MA 39086

50 50 Nazrul Islam MA 39064

B. T P BASIN (137 Nos.)

1. Garfa Mondal Para (IC)

51 1 BHOLA IN1919

Whereabouts of these AFs could not be ascertained as they had moved out, of their own free will, to unknown places.

52 2 TAPAN MISHRA IN1937

53 3 BHUPESH DAS IN1970

54 4 SURESH SHAW IN1972

55 5 A. BHATTACHARYA IN1973

56 6 TARUN NASKAR IN194

57 7 DEEPANKAR CHAKRABORTY IN195

58 8 NILIMA SINGH IN 1934

59 9 ANJAN DAS IN 1977

60 10 SURESH HALDER IN 1842

2. Haltu New Park (CC1 W)

61 11

SADHANA DEY

19/HNP/06

Whereabouts of this AF could not be ascertained as the family had moved out, of its own free will, to an unknown place.

3. Rajdanga Mullick Para (CC1 W)

62 12

HALIMA MONDAL 16/RJDMLP/06

Whereabouts of this AF could not be ascertained as the family had moved out, of its own free will, to an unknown place.

4. Jamuna Nagar (C2C3)

63 13 Smt. Moumita Das 01/JMNG/06 All AFs have own houses with civic facilities, hence unwilling to shift.

64 14 Rajobala Mondal 02/JMNG/06

65 15 Gita Rani Ghosh 03/JMNG/06

66 16 Phoolalakshmi Roy 04/JMNG/06/

67 17 Promila Mistry 05/JMNG/06

68 18 Anjali Majumdar 06/JMNG/06

69 19 Swarupa Mondal 07/JMNG/06

70 20 Kabita Gayen 08/JMNG/06

71 21 Kanan Das 09/JMNG/06

72 22 Jharna Sapui 10/JMNG/06

73 23 Tapala Mondal 11/JMNG/06

74 24 Renubala Mandal 12/JMNG/06

75 25 Saraswati Kayal 13/JMNG/06

76 26 Kalipada Mondal 14/JMNG/06

52

77 27 Binodini Gayen 15/JMNG/06 All AFs have own houses with civic facilities, hence unwilling to shift.

78 28 Haripada Das 16/JMNG/06

79 29 Raghunath Das (Renubala Das) 17/JMNG/06

80 30 Sadhana Chowdhury 18/JMNG/06 81 31 Pratima Bhattyacharya 19/JMNG/06

82 32 Minati Mukherjee 20/JMNG/06

83 33 Sandhya Paramanik 21/JMNG/06

84 34 Basanti Biswas 22/JMNG/06

85 35 Bapi Mondal (Jharna Mondal) 23/JMNG/06

86 36 Dilip Mistri (Santilata Mistry) 24/JMNG/06

87 37 Sumitra Sapui 25/JMNG/06

88 38 Padma Rani Das 26/JMNG/06

89 39 Sumitra Manna 27/JMNG/06 90 40 Bimal Krishna Mondal 28/JMNG/06

91 41 Madhabi Deb 29/JMNG/06

92 42 Brihaspati Mondal 30/JMNG/06

93 43 Paritosh Sarkar 31/JMNG/06

94 44 Rekha Saha 32/JMNG/06

95 45 Surabala Adhikari 33/JMNG/06

96 46 Sobha Biswas 34/JMNG/06

97 47 Rekha Das 35/JMNG/06

98 48 Manju Mridha 36/JMNG/06

99 49 Tanushree Roy Mondal 37/JMNG/06

100 50 Goutam Mondal (Gita Mondal) 38/JMNG/06

101 51 Sandhya Rani Das 39/JMNG/06

102 52 Ranjana Edbor 40/JMNG/06

103 53 Anima Roy 41/JMNG/06

104 54 Kanika Sil 42/JMNG/06

105 55 Himangini Majumdar 43/JMNG/06

106 56 Gouri Banik 44/JMNG/06

107 57 Nila Das 45/JMNG/06

108 58 Sabitri Hawladar 46/JMNG/06 109 59 Bhanumati Paramanik 47/JMNG/06

110 60 Rani Baidya 48/JMNG/06

111 61 Saraswati Shaw 49/JMNG/06

112 62 Sita Haldar 50/JMNG/06

113 63 Pramila Naskar 51/JMNG/06

114 64 Suchitra Mandal 52/JMNG/06

115 65 Sona Haldar 53/JMNG/06

116 66 Anjali Sarkar 54/JMNG/06

117 67 Maya Roy 55/JMNG/06

118 68 Subhadra Pramanik 56/JMNG/06

119 69 Upen Mandal (Kajolbala Mondal) 57/JMNG/06

120 70 Gayatri Haldar 58/JMNG/06

121 71 Sandha Singh 59/JMNG/06

122 72 Uttara Mondal 60/JMNG/06

123 73 Saraswati Gayan 61/JMNG/06

124 74 Sandhya Adhikari 62/JMNG/06

53

125 75 Binapani Sarkar 63/JMNG/06

5. Survey Park

126 76 Adhir Chandra Dey 01//06


127 77 Majid Gaji 02//06

128 78 Tarun Naskar 03//06

129 79 Haider Ali Gaji 04//06

130 80 Pradip Sardar 05//06

131 81 Swagata Seal 06//06

132 82 Bablu Poddar 07//06

133 83 Kajal Das 08//06

134 84 Pulak Saha 09//06

6. Suti Mukundapur

135 85 Sikha Majumdar 1/MKP/06

All AFs are employed in large, commercial establishments nearby, hence reluctant to shift due to potential loss of livelihood.

136 86 Shanti Das 2/MKP/06

137 87 Nilima Gayen (Sandhya Gayen) 3/MKP/06

138 88 Sandhya Das 4/MKP/06

139 89 Sneho Lata Halder 5/MKP/06

140 90 Jyotsna Dey 6/MKP/06

141 91 Hari Barai 7/MKP/06

142 92 Amiya Das 8/MKP/06

143 93 Sandhya Saha 9/MKP/06

144 94 Lekha Rani Dey 10/MKP/06

145 95 Arati Das/Lakshmi Rani Dey 11/MKP/06

146 96 Padma Patowari 12/MKP/06

147 97 Basanti Mukherjee 13/MKP/06

148 98 Sandhya Das 14/MKP/06

149 99 Gopeswari Das 15/MKP/06

150 100 Makhomani Das 16/MKP/06

151 101 Chinu Rani Das 17/MKP/06

152 102 Bina Das 18/MKP/06

153 103 Puspo Das 19/MKP/06

154 104 Durjodhan Das 20/MKP/06

155 105 Bakul Das 21/MKP/06

156 106 Anima Ghosh 22/MKP/06

157 107 Bivarani Poddar 23/MKP/06 158 108 Narayan Das (Renubala Das) 24/MKP/06

159 109 Papia Chakraborty (Khusi Roy) 25/MKP/06

160 110 Dipa Das 26/MKP/06

161 111 Basantika Das 27/MKP/06

162 112 Geeta Paul 28/MKP/06 163 113 Kalpana Paul (Renubala Paul) 29/MKP/06

164 114 Pratima Dey 30/MKP/06

165 115 Rina Das 31/MKP/06

166 116 Gouri Maity 32/MKP/06

167 117 Tarulata Das 33/MKP/06

168 118 Mangari Saha 34/MKP/06

169 119 Maya Saha 35/MKP/06

170 120 Anita Das 36/MKP/06

54

171 121 Bani Das 37/MKP/06

172 122 Purnima Sarkar 38/MKP/06

173 123 Gouri Saha 39/MKP/06

174 124 Lt. Khudiram Adhikari 40/MKP/06

175 125 Putul Bhowmick 41/MKP/06

176 126 Rekha Adhikari 42/MKP/06

177 127 Gouri Sengupta 43/MKP/06

7. Nayabad Budherhut

178 128 Anita Pal OO1/NBDH/06


179 129 Mani Gopal Dasgupta OO2/NBDH/06

180 130 Mahendra Sarkar OO3/NBDH/06

181 131 Sandhya Gayen OO4/NBDH/06

182 132 Sumri Sardar OO5/NBDH/06

183 133 Gita Rauth OO6/NBDH/06

184 134 Lila Sarder OO7/NBDH/06

185 135 Akash Khan OO8/NBDH/06

186 136 Sabitri Mondal OO9/NBDH/06

187 137 Basudeb Mondal 10/NBDH/06

112

Appendix 5

APPENDIX 5: LIST OF AFFECTED FAMILIES AT PADIRHATI PUMPING STATION

SI. No.

Name of AP/ Head of Household

Father's/Husband's Name

Name of Titleholder of the affected Property

Status of Ownership

Type of loss

Remarks

1 Jamaluddin Molla Husnu Molla Hasan All /Liakat All & Rajab Ali Mondal

Tenant Access Shop

Temporary

2 Md. lsaq Qureshi NA Hasan All /Liakat All & Rajab Ali Mondal

Tenant Access to Shop

Temporary

3 Saiful Islam Roshan All Hasan Ali /Liakat All & Rajab All Mondal


Temporary

4 Surajit Das Netai Das Hasan All /Liakat All & Rajab All Mondal


Temporary

5 Shekh Ramjan Lt.Shekh Wadulla Hasan All /Liakat Ali & Rajab All Mondal


Temporary

6 Sakawat Hussain Molla

Lt. Abdul Motaleb Molla

Sakawat Hussain Molla LTH Access to Shop

Temporary

7 Md. Ansar Lt. Md. Zainul Sk. Kamal Uddin Tenant Access to Shop

Temporary

8 Sk. Hazi Sarauddin Sk. Hazi Amjad All Sk. Hazi Sarauddin LTH Access to Shop

Temporary

9 Alamgir Laskar Lt. Mujibar Raharnan Laskar

Alamgir Laskar LTH Access to Shop

Temporary

10 Md. Sayed Md. Mursalim Md. Mursalim Son of LTH

Access to Shop

Temporary

11 Md. Altab NA Md. Mursalim Tenant Access to S h o p Access to Shop

Temporary Temporary

12 Shajahan Mollah Md. Hanif Mollah Sarif Haidar Tenant

13 Ebadulla Molla Lt. Asgar All Molla Ebadulla Molla LTH Access to Shop

Temporary

14 Asma Bibi D/o Sahjan Gazi Asma Bibi LTH Vacant land Permanent

15 Sk. Altaf Abdul Hossain Sk. Altaf LTH Vacant land

Permanent

16 Raouson Jahan Mejbauddin Thandar

Raouson Jahan LTH Vacant land

Permanent

17 Kamaluddin Thandar

Mejbauddin Thandar

Kamaluddin Thandar LTH Vacant ' land

Permanent

18 Rajab All Mondal Lt. Yasin Mondal Rajab All Mondal LTH Vacant land

Permanent

19 Mejbauddin Thandar

Lt. Borhan Thandar

Mejbauddin Thandar LTH Vacant land

Permanent

20 Hasan All Mondal Lt. Yasin Mondal Hasan All Mondal LTH Vacant land

Permanent

21 Chahida Bibi W/o Lt. Yasin Mondal

Chahida Bibi LTH Vacant land

Permanent

22 Kasem Mondal Lt. Golam Mostafa Kasem Mondal LTH Vacant land

Permanent

23 Jakir Fakir Lt. Mahinuddin Fakir

Jakir Fakir LTH Vacant land

Permanent

24 Jahangir Fakir Lt. Jaynal Abedin Fakir

Jahangir Fakir LTH Vacant land

Permanent

113

25 Hanif Mondal Lt. Golam Mostafa Hanif Mondal LTH Vacant land

Permanent

26 Liyakat All Mondal Lt. Yasin Mondal Liyakat All Mondal LTH Vacant land

Permanent

27 Basar Fakir Lt.Kasem Fakir Basar Fakir LTH Vacant land

Permanent

28 Md. Mohasin Mondal

NA Lt. Noor Nehar Bibi Husband of Late LTH

Vacant land

Permanent

Source: Short Resettlement Plan for Padirhati Pumping Station, February 2010

114

Appendix 6

APPENDIX 6: ABSTRACT OF STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS IN PADIRHATI

Stakeholders' Participatory Consultation – Abstracts of a meeting held on 19 January 2010 at Padirhati ground, ward number 3.

Participants: 10 affected people and ward representative.

Issues discussed:

1. Safety measures;

2. Construction Work area;

3. Employment to the local people;

4. Compensation if land is acquired; and

5. Shifting of mobile kiosk/vendor

Opinion about the project:

1. The Project work should be completed within the shortest possible time as people face a lot of problems;

2. There should be proper safety measures, e.g. signboard for the children's safety;

3. Access to the shop should be provided;

4. This project should ensure reduction in water logging which is currently hampering business activities and daily living;

5. All weather roads that lie along the pipeline service road need to be improved;

6. This project will improve the quality of sewerage and drainage resulting in better living conditions and health standards;

7. There will be employment opportunity to the local people during civil work;

8. More benefits of the project will arise after commissioning of the Pumping Station by way of significant reduction in the contamination of the ground water, improvement in the safety and reliability of the water supply systems and improvements in public health in Padirhati.

Source: Short Resettlement Plan for Padirhati Pumping Station, February 2010

resettlement planning document...compensation policy canal improvement works 1 loss of structure...

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