research work at the university of massachusetts center for energy efficiency and renewable energy...

RESEARCH WORK AT THE RESEARCH WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTSUNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyEnergyBuilding Energy Efficiency ProgramBuilding Energy Efficiency Program

University of MassachusettsUniversity of MassachusettsAmherst, MAAmherst, MABy: Dr. D. Charlie CurcijaBy: Dr. D. Charlie Curcija

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at University of Massachusetts

PRESENTATION OUTLINEPRESENTATION OUTLINE

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AREASOVERVIEW OF RESEARCH AREAS SUPPORT FOR NFRCSUPPORT FOR NFRC SUPPORT FOR ASHRAE, ASTMSUPPORT FOR ASHRAE, ASTM INTERNATIONAL SUPPORTINTERNATIONAL SUPPORT MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATEMAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE FUTURE RESEARCHFUTURE RESEARCH CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS


MAJOR RESEARCH AREASMAJOR RESEARCH AREAS

ADVANCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN ADVANCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN GLAZING CAVITIESGLAZING CAVITIES

NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ON NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ON FENESTRATION BOUNDARIESFENESTRATION BOUNDARIES

3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING TECHNOLOGYIMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIAL FENESTRATIONCOMMERCIAL FENESTRATION


WHY ARE WE DOING THIS WHY ARE WE DOING THIS RESEARCH?RESEARCH?

Expanded knowledge about the physics and Expanded knowledge about the physics and performance of fenestration systemsperformance of fenestration systems

Development of algorithms and methodologies Development of algorithms and methodologies that can be incorporated in computer programsthat can be incorporated in computer programs

Computer programs are needed by manufacturers Computer programs are needed by manufacturers to design better productsto design better products

Computer programs are needed to rate productsComputer programs are needed to rate products Dedicated computer programs are the best way to Dedicated computer programs are the best way to

transfer complex knowledge into user friendly and transfer complex knowledge into user friendly and affordable tools that can be used by non-expertsaffordable tools that can be used by non-experts


HOW THESE RESEARCH AREAS HOW THESE RESEARCH AREAS HELP?HELP?

Improve accuracy of U-factor calculationsImprove accuracy of U-factor calculations Improve accuracy of SHGC calculationsImprove accuracy of SHGC calculations Improve condensation resistance predictionImprove condensation resistance prediction Allow better integration of fenestration Allow better integration of fenestration

models with whole building modelsmodels with whole building models Provide foundation for the development of Provide foundation for the development of

future models for emerging technologies and future models for emerging technologies and complex fenestrationcomplex fenestration

Ensure consistent and fair rating procedureEnsure consistent and fair rating procedure


CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN GLAZING CAVITIESGLAZING CAVITIES

Vertical glazing cavities – standard gap widthVertical glazing cavities – standard gap width Vertical glazing cavities – wide gapVertical glazing cavities – wide gap Sloped glazing cavities – standard gapSloped glazing cavities – standard gap Sloped glazing cavities – wide gapSloped glazing cavities – wide gap 2-D and 3-D modeling2-D and 3-D modeling Average and local heat transferAverage and local heat transfer


GLAZING CAVITIES GEOMETRY GLAZING CAVITIES GEOMETRY AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONSAND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS


RANGE OF PERFORMANCE FOR RANGE OF PERFORMANCE FOR GLAZING CAVITIESGLAZING CAVITIES

31 0( )g T T L

Ra

,


VERTICAL AND SLOPED 2-D VERTICAL AND SLOPED 2-D CAVITIESCAVITIES

Angle of Inclination From 0 to 90 Deg.Angle of Inclination From 0 to 90 Deg.

A=38.25, Ra=6559.7

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90tilt angle

aver

age

Nu

Fidap 2-D

ISO15099


TEMPERATURE CONTOURS AT MID-X TEMPERATURE CONTOURS AT MID-X PLANE FOR A=40, Ra=9,650PLANE FOR A=40, Ra=9,650

0 15 45

80 90


STREAMFUNCTION MOVIE CLIP – STREAMFUNCTION MOVIE CLIP – HORIZONTAL GLAZING CAVITY (0HORIZONTAL GLAZING CAVITY (0º)º)


GOALS OF RESEARCH IN ADVANCED GOALS OF RESEARCH IN ADVANCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN IGUCONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN IGU

Better understanding of physics of natural Better understanding of physics of natural convection heat transfer in glazing cavities convection heat transfer in glazing cavities (i.e., high aspect ratio, low Ra)(i.e., high aspect ratio, low Ra)

Investigation of optimal meshes and Investigation of optimal meshes and turbulence modelsturbulence models

Development of recommended flow regimesDevelopment of recommended flow regimes Development of heat transfer correlationsDevelopment of heat transfer correlations Transition to future research (i.e., shading Transition to future research (i.e., shading

devices and other complex fenestration devices and other complex fenestration systems)systems)


NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ON THE WARM TRANSFER ON THE WARM

BOUNDARYBOUNDARY

Simulation of natural convection flow in Simulation of natural convection flow in idealized conditionsidealized conditions

Simulation of natural convection flow under Simulation of natural convection flow under realistic conditionsrealistic conditions

Modeling of testing apparatus conditionsModeling of testing apparatus conditions


HEAT TRANSFER RESULTS FOR HEAT TRANSFER RESULTS FOR BACKWARD FACING STEPBACKWARD FACING STEP


VIRTUAL THERMAL TESTING VIRTUAL THERMAL TESTING FACILITY (ViTTeF) CONCEPT FACILITY (ViTTeF) CONCEPT

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

Boundary layer

Insulated surround panel

Window model + boundary layer + panel pieces


NUMERICAL MESH OF THE TWO NUMERICAL MESH OF THE TWO INDEPENDENT COMPONENTSINDEPENDENT COMPONENTS


TURBULENCE VISCOSITY AND TURBULENCE VISCOSITY AND VELOCITIES DISTRIBUTION IN A VELOCITIES DISTRIBUTION IN A

CHANMBERCHANMBER


GOALS OF CONVECTION HEAT GOALS OF CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER ON FENESTRATION TRANSFER ON FENESTRATION

BOUND. RESEARCHBOUND. RESEARCH

Better understanding of physics of natural Better understanding of physics of natural convection heat transfer over fenestration convection heat transfer over fenestration surfacessurfaces

Better understanding of testing apparatus Better understanding of testing apparatus heat transferheat transfer

Investigation of optimal meshes for this type Investigation of optimal meshes for this type of flowof flow

Developments of correlations for use in Developments of correlations for use in fenestration softwarefenestration software

Recommendations for future hot box designsRecommendations for future hot box designs


3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS 3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS RESEARCHRESEARCH

Effective development of 3-D geometriesEffective development of 3-D geometries Investigation of optimum 3-D meshesInvestigation of optimum 3-D meshes Development of full 3-D models for major Development of full 3-D models for major

window types, materials, glazing window types, materials, glazing configurations, spacers, etc.configurations, spacers, etc.

Presentation of results in a form suitable for Presentation of results in a form suitable for development of correlations and algorithmsdevelopment of correlations and algorithms


3-D GEOMETRY OF THE WINDOW3-D GEOMETRY OF THE WINDOW


3-D MESH OF THE WOOD 3-D MESH OF THE WOOD WINDOWWINDOW


3-D HEAT FLUX & 3-D HEAT FLUX & TEMPERATURE FIELDTEMPERATURE FIELD

Heat Flux Temperature


HEAT TRANSFER RESULTS HEAT TRANSFER RESULTS EXTRACTIONEXTRACTION


GOALS OF 3-D HEAT TRANSFER GOALS OF 3-D HEAT TRANSFER EFFECTS RESEARCHEFFECTS RESEARCH

Better understanding of heat transfer in Better understanding of heat transfer in window corners and other areas currently not window corners and other areas currently not consideredconsidered

Development of future 3-D models and Development of future 3-D models and algorithmsalgorithms

New fenestration technologies that need 3-D New fenestration technologies that need 3-D models (i.e., evacuated glazing, complex models (i.e., evacuated glazing, complex fenestration, etc.)fenestration, etc.)

Connection to research of interface between Connection to research of interface between wall and windowwall and window


IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING IMPROVEMENTS IN TESTING TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Active participation in appropriate ASTM Active participation in appropriate ASTM committees and development/update of committees and development/update of standardsstandards

Involvement in research level testingInvolvement in research level testing Coordination between other research labs Coordination between other research labs

that do testing (i.e., LBNL, ORNL)that do testing (i.e., LBNL, ORNL) Coordination with International group Coordination with International group

involved in research level testinginvolved in research level testing Development of updated testing designsDevelopment of updated testing designs Modifications in computer models for better Modifications in computer models for better

interface to testinginterface to testing


UNIVERSAL HOT BOXUNIVERSAL HOT BOX

Development of Design For the Next Development of Design For the Next Generation of Thermal Measurement FacilityGeneration of Thermal Measurement Facility


COMPUTER MODELING OF HOT COMPUTER MODELING OF HOT BOX CONFIGURATIONSBOX CONFIGURATIONS

Climatic chamber

Metering chamber

Frame

CTS panel

Surround panel

Metering chamber

Climatic chamber

Window sample Baffle


GOALS OF RESEARCH IN GOALS OF RESEARCH IN TESTING TECHNOLOGYTESTING TECHNOLOGY

Better research level testing facilities lead to Better research level testing facilities lead to the development of better commercial the development of better commercial facilitiesfacilities

Increased confidence in validating computer Increased confidence in validating computer modelsmodels

Development of harmonized testing Development of harmonized testing standardsstandards

Lead to increased use of computer Lead to increased use of computer simulation, providing more cost effective simulation, providing more cost effective rating solutionsrating solutions


COMMERCIAL FENESTRATION COMMERCIAL FENESTRATION SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Analysis of energy performance of typical Analysis of energy performance of typical commercial buildingscommercial buildings

Investigation of effects of changes in Investigation of effects of changes in fenestration system performance on overall fenestration system performance on overall building energy performance (i.e., sensitivity building energy performance (i.e., sensitivity study)study)

Development of modeling methodology specific Development of modeling methodology specific to non-residential productsto non-residential products

Update of NFRC standards (100 and 200) with Update of NFRC standards (100 and 200) with new methodologynew methodology

Validation of models for non-res systemsValidation of models for non-res systems


ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PERF. OF ANALYSIS OF ENERGY PERF. OF A TYPICAL NON-RES BUILDINGA TYPICAL NON-RES BUILDING


EQUEST (DOE2) MODELEQUEST (DOE2) MODEL


TOTAL ENERGY USETOTAL ENERGY USE


SUPPORT FOR NFRCSUPPORT FOR NFRC

Development of new and more accurate Development of new and more accurate algorithms and methodologies for use in algorithms and methodologies for use in rating systemsrating systems

Participation on committeesParticipation on committees Development of standards and reference Development of standards and reference

documentsdocuments– 100, 101, 102, 500, 500-UG, Glossary, etc.100, 101, 102, 500, 500-UG, Glossary, etc.

NFRC’s international activitiesNFRC’s international activities Miscellaneous technical supportMiscellaneous technical support


SUPPORT FOR ASHRAESUPPORT FOR ASHRAE

Chairing Handbook of Fundamentals Chairing Handbook of Fundamentals subcommitteesubcommittee

Development of handbook materialsDevelopment of handbook materials Membership on committeesMembership on committees Research coordinationResearch coordination Symposia, seminar and forum chairingSymposia, seminar and forum chairing Standards developmentStandards development

– SPC142, SSPC 90.1, SSPC 90.2SPC142, SSPC 90.1, SSPC 90.2


SUPPORT FOR ASTMSUPPORT FOR ASTM

Membership on C16 and E6Membership on C16 and E6 Chairing condensation resistance standard Chairing condensation resistance standard

task grouptask group Active on fenestration related standard Active on fenestration related standard

committeescommittees ISO coordinationISO coordination


INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIESINTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

INTERNATIONAL: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO INTERNATIONAL: TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY COUNTRIES (TATEC)TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY COUNTRIES (TATEC)

INTERNATIONAL: TECHNICAL COLLABORATIONINTERNATIONAL: TECHNICAL COLLABORATION– IEA Task 27IEA Task 27

– IEA Task 30IEA Task 30

– International round-robinsInternational round-robins

INTERNATIONAL: STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTINTERNATIONAL: STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT– ISO TC 163/WG2: ISO 15099, 10077-1, 10077-2ISO TC 163/WG2: ISO 15099, 10077-1, 10077-2

– ISO TC 163/WG14: ISO 8990, 12567-1, 12567-2ISO TC 163/WG14: ISO 8990, 12567-1, 12567-2

Universal certificationUniversal certification


TATECTATEC

Assistance in updating testing and simulation Assistance in updating testing and simulation standardsstandards

Translation of key documentsTranslation of key documents Workshops and seminarsWorkshops and seminars Scientific collaborationScientific collaboration Assistance in upgrading testing equipmentAssistance in upgrading testing equipment Visiting scientistsVisiting scientists Help improve efficiency of fenestration Help improve efficiency of fenestration

products for reduction in energy use and products for reduction in energy use and pollution reductionpollution reduction


TRAINING AND SEMINARSTRAINING AND SEMINARS

International and Domestic Training International and Domestic Training Workshops and SeminarsWorkshops and Seminars


IEA TASK 27IEA TASK 27

Important international collaborative task in Important international collaborative task in fenestration technologyfenestration technology

Not well supported from US sideNot well supported from US side Leverage research dollars with other countriesLeverage research dollars with other countries Peer review of our and others scientific resultsPeer review of our and others scientific results Keeping informed about major research Keeping informed about major research

accomplishments in other countriesaccomplishments in other countries Visit important scientific facilitiesVisit important scientific facilities C. Curcija subtask A1 co-leaderC. Curcija subtask A1 co-leader


ISO TC 163ISO TC 163

Important for harmonization effortsImportant for harmonization efforts Additional scientific exchange and peer Additional scientific exchange and peer

reviewreview Ties into TATEC efforts by involving TATEC Ties into TATEC efforts by involving TATEC

scientists in ISO efforts and keeping them up scientists in ISO efforts and keeping them up to dateto date

Visit research facilities and centersVisit research facilities and centers Universal certification supportUniversal certification support


WHY INTERNATIONAL WHY INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION?COLLABORATION?

Leveraging national dollars with resources Leveraging national dollars with resources from other developed countriesfrom other developed countries

Exchange of ideas and transfer of technology Exchange of ideas and transfer of technology that was developed by other countriesthat was developed by other countries

Reduction of trade barriers by developing Reduction of trade barriers by developing harmonized standards and certification harmonized standards and certification proceduresprocedures

Assistance to developing countries to reduce Assistance to developing countries to reduce the pollution and green house emissionsthe pollution and green house emissions

Generating international friends with good Generating international friends with good faith effort instead of generating terrorists with faith effort instead of generating terrorists with arrogancearrogance


MAJOR ACCOMPLISHEMENTS TO MAJOR ACCOMPLISHEMENTS TO DATEDATE

Developed first generation CR modelsDeveloped first generation CR models Second generation of CR models near completionSecond generation of CR models near completion Developed computer models of IR and hot-box facil.Developed computer models of IR and hot-box facil. New set of improved convection boundary New set of improved convection boundary

conditions being completedconditions being completed Developed concept of ViTTeFDeveloped concept of ViTTeF New generation of thermal testing facility designedNew generation of thermal testing facility designed Developed effective 3-D fenestration modelsDeveloped effective 3-D fenestration models Algorithms for 3-D effects being completed.Algorithms for 3-D effects being completed.


MAJOR ACCOMPLISHEMENTS TO MAJOR ACCOMPLISHEMENTS TO DATE – Cont.DATE – Cont.

Completed landmark fenestration standardsCompleted landmark fenestration standards Accomplished harmonization of several Accomplished harmonization of several

standardsstandards Developed concept of universal harmonizationDeveloped concept of universal harmonization Maintain active international collaboration and Maintain active international collaboration and

exchange of methods and computer toolsexchange of methods and computer tools Increased acceptance of US standards and Increased acceptance of US standards and

computer tools abroadcomputer tools abroad Set the foundation for the future scientific Set the foundation for the future scientific

workwork


FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCHFUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH

Why do we need further research?Why do we need further research? Why are we even asked this question? Isn’t it Why are we even asked this question? Isn’t it

kind of obvious?kind of obvious? In the past 20 years of increased spending in In the past 20 years of increased spending in

fenestration research, we have accomplished fenestration research, we have accomplished significant improvement in energy efficiencysignificant improvement in energy efficiency

In order to accomplish ambitious goals of smart In order to accomplish ambitious goals of smart buildings and zero energy buildings by 2025:buildings and zero energy buildings by 2025:– Need new technologiesNeed new technologies

– Need improved tools to evaluate these Need improved tools to evaluate these methodologiesmethodologies


FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH – FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH – Cont.Cont.

– Windows are part of building, not isolated – need to Windows are part of building, not isolated – need to model integrated performancemodel integrated performance

– Increased complexity will require much better Increased complexity will require much better methodologies and toolsmethodologies and tools

– Improvements in computer modeling and computer Improvements in computer modeling and computer technology will require major revamp of computer technology will require major revamp of computer toolstools

– Need to develop integrated tools for whole building Need to develop integrated tools for whole building performance with fenestration being integral partperformance with fenestration being integral part

In the past couple of years several written In the past couple of years several written contributions substantiating the need for morecontributions substantiating the need for more


FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH – FUTURE AREAS OF RESEARCH – Cont.Cont.

Umass proposed contribution:Umass proposed contribution:– Convective model of complex fenestration systems, Convective model of complex fenestration systems,

both inside the glazing cavity and on indoor/outdoor both inside the glazing cavity and on indoor/outdoor surfacessurfaces

– Modeling evacuated glazing and fenestration products Modeling evacuated glazing and fenestration products incorporating such glazingincorporating such glazing

– Development of transient (dynamic) models for Development of transient (dynamic) models for dynamic systems (i.e., electrochromics, phase change, dynamic systems (i.e., electrochromics, phase change, etc.)etc.)

– Extension of SHG to 2-D and 3-DExtension of SHG to 2-D and 3-D

– Integrated window-wall performanceIntegrated window-wall performance

– Integration into the whole building energy analysisIntegration into the whole building energy analysis

research work at the university of massachusetts center for energy efficiency and renewable energy...

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