research to practice: evidence-based inclusive design
TRANSCRIPT
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B02
Research to Practice:Evidence-based inclusive
design
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
November 17, 2011Socially Sustainable Design
Build Boston
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TheBostonSocietyofArchitects/AIAisaRegisteredProviderwithThe
AmericanIns6tuteofArchitectsCon6nuingEduca6onSystems.Credit
earnedoncomple6onofthisprogramwillbereportedtoCESRecordsfor
AIAmembers.Cer6ficatesofComple6onfornon-AIAmembersare
availableonrequest.
ThisprogramisregisteredwiththeAIA/CESforcon6nuingprofessional
educa6on.Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedor
construedtobeanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialof
construc6onoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distribu6ng,or
dealinginanymaterialorproduct.Ques6onsrelatedtospecific
materials,methods,andserviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionof
thispresenta6on.
Welcome
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Thispresenta6onisprotectedbyUSandInterna6onalCopyrightlaws.
Reproduc6on,distribu6on,displayanduseofthepresenta6onwithout
wriHenpermissionofthespeakerisprohibited.
Ins6tuteforumanCenteredDesign,2011
Copyright Materials
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Session Objectives
Exploretheimpactofdesignchoicesonhumanperformanceandexperience.
Learnaboutaccessingreliabledigitalandprintresourcesforcurrentdesignresearch.
Learnaboutcurrentresearchfindingsspecificallyfocusedonligh6ng,acous6cs,wayfindingandpublichealth.
Explorecasestudiesthatillustrateintegra6onofinclusivedesignresearchfindingsintoprac6ce.
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www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
Aninterna6onalnonprofitbasedinBostondedicated
toenhancingtheexperiencesofpeopleofallagesand
abili6esthroughexcellenceindesign.
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Presenters
Dak Kopec, Ph.D, MS Arch., MCHES Chris Jones, LEED AP, HERS, IECC, CSI, Inc. IIDA Janet R. Carpman, Ph.D Patricial Rizzo, MSc, LEED AP, Assoc. IALD Gina Hilberry, AIA, LEED (Moderator)
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
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ResearchtoPrac6ce:
Evidence-basedinclusivedesign
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
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Presenters
Dak Kopec, Ph.D, MS Arch., MCHES
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
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Presenters
Chris Jones, LEED AP, HERS, IECC, CSI, Inc. IIDA
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
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Presenters
Janet R. Carpman, Ph.D
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
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Presenters
Patricial Rizzo, MSc, LEED AP, Assoc. IALD
www.HumanCenteredDesign.org
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LINKING USER RESEARCH& ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
Janet R. Carpman, PhD
Carpman Grant Associates
Wayfinding Consultants
Ann Arbor, Michigan
www.wayfinding.com
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What are the benefits for designers?
Seeing a particular issuein new ways
Understanding nuances Getting specific, useful
feedback on design
alternatives
Stimulating thinking& creativity
Making clients happier bydesigning environments that
are socially sustainable
Designing wonderful placesthat function well over time
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Where/how can you get it?
Hire experts Read books, journal
articles, websites
Make in-depth site visits
Join professionalorganizations,
attend conferences
outside your own industry
Gather informationyourself
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What are the obstacles?
Time Money
Internal politics(in clients organizationsor your own)
Educational background/professional training
Willingness to admit lackof knowledge
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What are the costs of doing without it?
Costly retrofitting Higher operational costs Complaints Low user satisfaction
scores
Lost business Unhappy staff Negative impacts on
users
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Project Example #1
University of Michigan Medical Center
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Patient & Visitor Participation Project
6 year effort 33 studies, 3000+ users Range of issues Researchers were integral
to design process
One of the first data-basedbodies of user/design
knowledge
Influenced design decisions
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Initial Impacts of the PVP project
A focus of the marketingcampaign
Positive anecdotal reports Client was happy Project was highly
publicized, won awards
Resulting book still inprint after 25 years
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Lessons Learned: U of M Project
Researchers can be mosteffective when they arean integral part of the
design process
Researchers need tounderstand and skillfully
work with organizationalpolitics
Users can meaningfullyparticipate in designthrough research
Researchrecommendations needto be clear, timely, doable
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Project Example #2
Massachusetts State House
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Wayfinding Analyses,
Masterplanning, Implementation
Focused on navigation needsof all users, including thosewith disabilities many
reported problems!
High-profile, historic building,challenging circulation
Diverse users Limited budget
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How CGA gathered information
about users needs
Visitor interviews Management interviews Staff focus groups, surveys Detailed exterior
& interior wayfinding
environmental analyses
Frequent client feedback Review of sign & map
mockups
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Impacts of the wayfinding project
Sign and map designwere influenced byresearch findings (as well
as by other issues)
Anecdotal reports werepositive
Client was happy withprocess and newwayfinding system
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Lessons Learned: State House Project
Wayfinding ease can beimproved even in themost challengingarchitectural &operational environments
Wayfinding systemdesign doesnt need tocompromise function oraesthetics
Ongoing audit/evaluationis needed as situations,locations, priorities
change
Needs of people withdisabilities can and
should be addressed by awayfinding system
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Resources
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Onedaymanwillbeforcedto
fightnoiseasrelentlesslyascholeraandtheplague
ROBERTKOCH
1905NobelLaureate&FounderofModernBacteriology
ChrisJones,LEEDAP,HERS,CSI,Ind.IIDA
Ecophon
SalesManagerforNorthAmerica
CertainTeedCeilings
BuildBoston
November2011
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oFewstandardsoNeedforbeermetricsoOlderbuildingtechnologiesoUnderstandingofvalue
LimitaVonsforgoodacousVcsinUSA
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People
82%
Techology
10%
Operation
5%Workplace
3%
HelenaJahncke,Ph.D.
CenterforBuiltEnvironment
UniversityofGvle
Whataretherealcostsofanoffice?
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Complex,
Concentration
workPhone
Meetings
HelenaJahncke,Ph.D.
CenterforBuiltEnvironment
UniversityofGvle
Concentrating
Talking
HowpeoplespendtheirVmeinanoffice
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Halfthenoiseresultsin
halfthecontextualerrors(35dbavs.5570dba)
40%reducVoninnoiseresultsinnearly70%moredifficult
taskscompleted(40dbavs.65dba)
AcousVcsaffectonconcentraVonandproducVvity
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EricaE.Ryherd
AssistantProfessor
GeorgiaInsVtuteofTechnology
HeartRate
22%
RespiratoryRate
47%
BloodPressure
63%
Physiologicalaffectofnoisyroomsinhealthcare
50db
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RogerUlrich
ProfessorofArchitecture
TexasA&M,ChalmersUniversity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
World Health in 1960 in 2005
X1,000
X3,000
noisy
Noiseinhealthcare
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0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
low(40-50dB) middle(50-60dB) high(60-70dB)
Intakeofpainmedicaon
BarbaraBlakeMinckley
StudyofnoiseanditsrelaVonshiptopaVentdiscomfortintherecoveryroom
Theimpactofnoiseonpaininhealthcare
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AcousVcsimpactonhealinghealing
Need for eraly reshospitalisation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
After 1 month After 3 months *
Reshospitalisation
Proportion
ofpatients
Sound Reflective
Sound Absorbing
Readmissionofpaents
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People
Room Activity
RoomAcousticComfort
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Sound Absorption
Challengeswithmetrics
Sound Transmission
HUMANVOICE85Hzto255Hzadultmalewillhavea
fundamentalfrequencyfrom
85to155Hz,
typicaladultfemalefrom165
to255Hz
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EN-ISO11654:1997
125Hz
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
01000Hz500Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz250Hz
(MineralFiber)
(Glasswool)A
B
C
D
E
ExamplesofaddiVonalmetrics
d
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LowerSoundPropagaVon
SoundpropagaVon
d
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SoundpropagaVon
S d V
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RogerUlrich
ProfessorofArchitecture
TexasA&M,ChalmersUniversity
RecepVon
WaiVng
PaVent
100.
yourdadwillnotmakeit
SoundpropagaVon
Di i
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Goodacouscscontributestogreaterhumanperformance
oProducVvityoHealthandhealingoEfficiencyo
CommunicaVon
Importantfactorsindesignandengineering
oRoomacousVcsoAenVontohumanvoiceoReducVonofsoundpropagaVon
Discoveries
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All fine architectural values are human values, else not valuable.
- Frank Lloyd Wright
H n
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R
ESEARCHFORB
ETTERH
EALTH
DakKopec,Ph.D.M
S.Arch.,MCHES
AssociateProfessor,
N
ewSchoolofArchitectureandDesign
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SUSTAINABILITY
HEALTH
SymptomManifestaons
QualityofLife
+
=
S O S
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SUMMERHOUSE
HomeforResidentsSufferingfromAlzheimer'sDisease
IS THERE A MARKET
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MANUFACTURING
HUMAN
CONDITION
I
WH
ATISAV
AILABL
E
ISTHEREAMARKET
HOWDO
PEOPL
EUSE
D E S I G N T H I N K I N G
AdaptedFrom:ReadyMadenews;AnIllu
stratedWeeklyofWorldDesign,27October2009
h
p://readymade.typepad.co
m/readymade_news/design
-thinking/
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HUMANFIRSTLITERATURE
HUMAN
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STARTWITHHUMANS
DiseaseSymptoms
BehaviorPaerns
SunDowning
Stalling Escapism
Rummaging&Hiding
RepeveBehavior
TECHNOLOGYCurrentSystems
Acve(electronic)
Passive(design)
BUSSINESS
Finance
CodesRegulaons
BIM MODELING
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BIMMODELING
ANTICIPATORY
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DEAD ENDS CAN LEAD TO STALLING
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BUDGETCONSTRAINTS
RUMMAGING
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RUMMAGING
&HIDINGLITERATUREReview
INTERVIEWING
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Administrator,DirectorofNursing,&FamilyMembers
INTERVIEWING
REPEAT THE PROCESS
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REPEATTHEPROCESS
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DAKKOPEC
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Lighting: Research to PracticeDesign & Science = Sustainability
Patricia Rizzo, MScLighting Research Center
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
www.lrc.rpi.edu
November 17, 2011
BUILDBOSTON
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Night and Day
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Night and Day
Li ht hi t
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
www.photos.com
Light history
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Circadian system
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
6
Circadian system
circa = about; dies = day
Adapted from IESNA Handbook
Light and human performance
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Light and human performanceVision + Circadian + Perception
Intensity Spectrum DurationDistribution Timing
Appearance Visual SystemVisual
Performance
Performance,Well-being,Satisfaction,and Comfort
Alerting Effects Circadian System Phase Shift
Intensity Spectrum DurationDistribution Timing
Culture,Experience,Expectations
IESNA. 9th ed
7
Spectrum
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Spectrum
8
Blue Light Emitting Diode (LED) SPD
0.0
0.5
1.0
380 450 520 590 660 730Wavelength (nm)
Relativespectralpowerdistribution
A blue LED has at least four times the circadianefficacy of a 3000 K lamp, and at least twice the
efficacy of a 7500 K lamp
Light history contrast!
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
9
Light historycontrast!
w Sensitivity to light at night (for melatoninsuppression) will change depending on the amountof light exposure during the day (Herbert et al.,2002; Lynch et al., 1985)
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Who does this affect?
Jet lag
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.11
Night shiftworkers
Adolescentssleeppatterns
Sleep disorders
Neonatalintensive
care units
Sportsperformance
Seasonal affective
disorder
Space
travel
Breast
cancer
Older adults
sleep patterns
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Lighting for NICUs
3 Diverse Populations
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
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Accommodate the 24 hour working environment of 3
distinctly different groups of people-newborn: cycled lighting
-healthcare professionals: visual/circadian needs
-family members: comforting environment
3 Diverse Populations
Google images
Google images
Single Family Room
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
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Single-Family Room (Boekelheide NICU at Sanford Childrens Hospital) (courtesy of Dr. Dennis Stevens)
Single Family Room
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Lighting for Adolescents
15
Light and daylight in schools
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Light and daylight in schoolsUSGBC research grant
w Hypothesis Lack of morning light (or too much
evening light) will delay dim light
melatonin onset resulting in: Later bedtimes Shorter sleep times Reduced performance and mood
16
Orange goggles to filter out short blue wavelength
in order to simulate dimlight melatonin onset test
melatonin levels through saliva collection
Sponsor: USGBC
Lux at the eye: Daysimeter
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Lux at the eye: Daysimeter
first device to characterize light accurately bymeasuring spectrally weighted intensity, as well as
timing and duration, of circadian light entering the eye,
which affects the human bodys clock
NIH# 1R01OH008171
NIH # 1U01DA023822-01
a erns o ay g c oo s orPeople and Sustainability
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
People and Sustainability USGBC GrantFinal Outcomes
Dashboard
18
http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/daylighting/pdf/DaylightingPatternBook_Final.pdf
w Collaboration withBrown University
Red Below 50%Red < 80%
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Red Below 50%
Yellow 50-79%
Green 80-100%
Red Above 20%
Yellow 10-20%
Green Below 10%
Red No view
Yellow Sky
Green Ground & sky
Red Below 10 fc
Yellow 10-49 fc; > 500 fc
Green 50-500 fc
Red < 80% above 10 fc
Yellow 80-99% above 10 fc
Green 100% above 10 fc
Red < 80%
Yellow 80-99%
Green 100%
Red Below 50%
Yellow 50-79%
Green 80-100%
Expressed in btu/ft/day
Classroom Daylighting Dashboard19
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
Lighting for Older Adults
20
High CCT light therapy
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
High CCT light therapy
wAmerican Institute of Architects (AIA) ResearchGrant High circadian stimulation all day and low circadian
stimulation during the evening increased light/dark ratio
in 8 healthy older adults with sleep complaints
21
Light/Dark Ratio
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
903 1004 1015 1019 2001 2014 2023
Subject Numbe r
Light/DarkRatio
Baseline 1After Intervention
Light/Dark Ratio
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1
Averag
eratio
Baseline1
After intervention
Figueiro et al. 2008
Product donation: OSRAM SYLVANIA and Hunter Lighting
Lighting for older adults:
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
wPostural control was assessed using astandardized sit-to-stand (STS) test
http://www.onbalance.com/neurocom/protocols/functionalLimitation/sts.aspx
Falls risk
Lighting for Older Adults: Falls Risk
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
w Four measures were used to assess postural stability andcontrol Sway velocity: Measures sway during the rising phase
and for 5 seconds thereafter; it is expressed in degreesper second
Weight transfer: Measures the time in secondsrequired to transfer from a sitting to a standingposition
Rising index: Measures the amount of force exerted bythe legs during the rising phase. The force is
expressed as a percentage of the patients body weight Left/right weight symmetry: Measures differences in
the percentage of body weight on each leg whensubjects are transferring from sitting to standing.
Lighting for Older Adults: Falls Risk
Lighting for older adults
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.24
Lighting for older adults
Figueiro et al., 2008c
Visual cues have a very strong influenceon left/right symmetry
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N
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
27
The eyes ability to adapt tochanges in light level
diminishes with age
LIVING SPACES
CORRIDORS& CIRCULATION
RESIDENT UNITS
SUPPORT AREAS
ENTRY/ELEVATOR LOBBY
TransitionZones
N
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
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Elevatorto
Corrid
ors
Indirect color changing effects using linear LEDs for covelighting
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
29
lighting
Photos: Lighting Research Center Computer Renderings: Lighting Research Center
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
30
1.Elevato
rLobb
y
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
31
2.
Corridors
172 lx
420 lx
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
32
3.
Lou
nge
3
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
33
3.
Media
Room
Low Vision Considerations: Indirectlighting behind low glare monitors for
contrast; dimmable task lighting
Storage closet converted tomedia room
Wayfinding & Reading Lights
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2011 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. All rights reserved.
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4.R
esiden
tRoom
s
y g g g
XX
Flex arm, hi-lo
settings, 2 beamspreads
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Thank you!
For more information:
www.lrc.rpi.edu