RESEARCH

Definitions RE·SEARCH: Detailed study of a subject,

especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding.

Cambridge Dictionaries Online,© Cambridge University Press 2003.

Definitions

Research:  A systematic investigation,

including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.

Definitions “Research is what I’m doing

when I don’t know what I’m doing.”

(Werner Von Braun)

“If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research. Would it ?”

Albert Einstein

What Role Does Research Play?

Research is required for: Obtaining background information Narrowing and focusing the study

topic Understanding the concepts,

governing principles, and theories

Validating results and conclusions

RESEARCH PHASES IN RESEARCH

PROJECT

Phase 1. IDENTIFY AND DEVELOP YOUR RESEARCH TOPIC

Obtaining background information

Narrowing and focusing the study topic

Understanding the concepts, governing principles and theories

PHASE 2: ACQUIRE BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Survey the Literature

Books Periodicals ( HEC provides facility to all researchers to access digital library and site sear. Many online journals are available for access.

Internet sources.- Search Engines

Phase 3 Make a Plan

Workout a RESEARCH DESIGN, an Overall scheme for acquiring the answer of research question

Experimental

Feasibility and Financial issues.

Phase 4. Make a Hypothesis

HYPOTHESISHypotheses are tentative,

intelligent guesses as to the solution of the problem.

Hypotheses can direct later research activities since they can help determine the nature of the research and methods applied.

Most commonly, hypotheses take three formats:

A question, "Does Pressure affect temperature?"

A conditional statement, “Pressure may affect Temperature."

an If, then statement, "If Pressure is related to temperature, then increasing the Pressure will decrease temperature”.

Research1. Chocolate may cause pimples. 2. Salt in soil may affect plant growth. 3. Plant growth may be affected by the

color of the light. 4. Bacterial growth may be affected by

temperature. 5. Ultra violet light may cause skin

cancer. 6. Temperature may cause leaves to

change color.

RESEARCH All of these are examples of hypotheses because

they use the tentative word "may.". However, their form is not particularly useful. Using the word may does not suggest how you would go about proving it. If these statements had not been written carefully, they may not have even been hypotheses at all. For example, if we say "Trees will change color when it gets cold." we are making a prediction. Or if we write, "Ultraviolet light causes skin cancer." could be a conclusion. One way to prevent making such easy mistakes is to formalize the form of the hypothesis.

Phase 5 Design experiment to test your

hypothesis

Experimental procedure Step by step list of things to

do.- Objectives- Material & Methods- Analytical procedures

Data collection. - Statistical Analyses

Phase 6 Do the experiments and record data

Complete detail of experiments

Record all the parameters Record your observations

Phase 7 Analysis

Consult your mentor Calculate your results Use your data to

arrive at a experimental conclusion

Phase 8. Summarized Your Results.

CONCLUSIONS- from analysis

IMPLICATIONS

- relate to what’s known RECOMMENDATIONS SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE

RESEARCH

Phase 9 Make your conclusion

Answer your questions & relate it with the available info. & prevailing situations

Explain, If your Hypothesis is correct?

Presentation of your Results.

Selection of Sources to extend/publish the Information your research has produced- Research Articles- Oral Presentations- Poster Presentations

Reporting through Media.

Research in Natural Sciences/ Engineering

Experimental Prototype

Simulation and Modeling

RESEARCH

THANK YOU