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International Journal of Information System and Engineering

www.ftms.edu.my/journals/index.php/journals/ijise

Vol. 5 (No.1), April, 2017 ISSN: 2289-7615 DOI: 10.24924/ijise/2017.04/v4.iss1/24.39

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Research Paper

SMART ROBOTIC PIMOBILE VEHICLE PROTOTYE, HAVING ACCIDENT ALERT

MONITORING SYSTEM

Anyanka Francis Ebere

BSc Software Engineering FTMS College, Cyberjaya, Malaysia

anyankafrancis@gmail.com

Naga Sowjanya Lecturer

FTMS College, Cyberjaya, Malaysia naga@ftms.edu.my

Abstract Vehicle accidents or fatality are very common owning a larger percentage of death count.The smart robotic pimobile vehicle prototype with an accident alert monitoring system helps create a shock absorber for car accidents by sending location and screen shot of accident site to emergency contact so they can alert the ambulance and also to the police station alerting them of a possible accident occurrence. This embedded robotic project is a prototype to help explain the stimulation of the software and how it works. This is achievable using the raspberry pi 3 and very important sensors like the GPS, GSM module, Accelerometer, the flame sensor. The main objective of this project is to reduced time taking to track identify and locate victim and to give an alert to relative, family and friends etc. In this research, this system is made to alert with the sensors embedded in the car, so families and love ones can have a perfect picture or result of how ugly the accident is.

Key Terms: ROBOTIC, ACCIDENT ALERT, Accelerometer, raspberry pi 3, sensors, Artificial Intelligence, embedded system.

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1. Introduction Conferring by existing data’s, the Top 10 Causes of Mortality Accounted by CDC, Road

fatality hit in several countries including this present country, Malaysia that 4 percent of

mortality is caused by vehicle accident(CDC.gov,2017). Often, the fatal accidents happen

at hours of darkness; in this time, it cannot be easily detected by passerby, the victim

who is either laid unconscious and left to the hands of death is unable to contact some

emergency services or loved ones by himself/herself can’t get response or medication at

the appropriate time.

Malaysia’s road accidents has been on the rise at the average rate of 9.7% per annum

over the past three decades from the era of mid-1970s. The sum of the road accidents

has greatly increased from 24,581 cases in 1974 to 328,264 cases in 2005, reaching

more than 135% increase of accident cases over 30 years (Moohammed Nazim,2015)

In traffic, accidents have been detected successfully using an Internet of Things (IOT)

and cloud computing framework. Traffic accidents have been detected using Support

Vector Machine (SVM) that has been improved with the Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA)

(G.Liang, 2015). But this research is focused for individuals or family not just for the

community.

This research was focused on the following objective:

To design the Robotic Vehicle Prototype with implementation with the

appropriate embedded system.

To make a flexible robotic system this can also be used for the purpose of home

security.

To develop of the Robotic Vehicle prototype for the purpose of accident

functionality.

To test the usability of the Robotic Vehicle Prototype.

After reviewing most know and popular used system I found out the problems facing

this system and they are:

Lack of automation.

Definite and accurate detection of applications (e.g. Waze, SOSmart)

Lack of family look up or car monitoring.

But before this research was carried out the question were prompted which are:

1 What is the suitable mechanism to design, develop and implement the Robotic Vehicle

Prototype system?

2 What is the feasibility for the development of the Robotic Vehicle Prototype system?

3 What are the appropriate testing tools to test the usability of the Robotic Vehicle

Prototype?

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That is the main rationality of this research paper to develop a system, for the purpose

of giving alert messages that contains accident’s time, the location and the snapshot is

sent automatically by either the victim phone and the particular device embedded to

that vehicle to bring emergency response and relief agencies. This is to hasten the

procedure to help save life. The rationale for this is that; now a day’s people die from

lack of medication after an accident has occur due to the analogue procedures of

informing people. Information at the right time with the right location with the real

cause of accident together with the degree of fatality the accident shapes into. We see

figures of using the analogue system of emergency notification on car accident on the

high (People.ece.cornell.edu, 2017). Also my main motivation is to save life from road

accident, also trying to make use of sensors and robotic platforms like Arduino ,

Raspberry Pi and sensors in developing meaningful and lifesaving system other than

just Application.

2. Literature Review The critical and extensive review on the implementation of the embedded accident alert

system So basically is to thoroughly evaluated the similar existing system and notify

their constraint and fix it with the aid of embedded systems sensors and I would be

evaluating three existing system which are Waze, Sosmart app, Car Crash App, we

would be justifying the reason for development of the proposed system using sensors.

Finally we would discuss all about the embedded system their types also functions and

methodologies available and the chosen methodology, we would still justify the reason

for selecting the used methodology.

Here I get to identify three existing systems and make a comparison table. So below are

the three-existing systems;

1. Waze

2. Sosmart

3. Crash app

So, I would be giving a background study on the following apps

1. WAZE:

ADVANTAGE OF WAZE

1. It stores path and destination

2. It alerts if police or accident is found on the way

3. It helps search for routes using shortest distance analysis (Waze.com, 2017)

DISADVANTAGES OF WAZE

1. It doesn’t alert families in terms of emergencies

2. It is not automated it depends on its users to confirm accident. (Waze.com, 2017)

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Figure 2.0 Waze as an existing system

2. SOSMART APP

ADVANTAGES OF SOSMART 1. Automatic car crash detection and notification

Automatically starts monitoring when in a moving vehicle, no need to ever open the app again

2. Consequently begins observing when in a moving vehicle, no compelling reason to ever open the application again

3. List of adjacent healing facilities anyplace on the planet 4. Directions to the chosen clinic DISADVANTAGES OF SOSMART 1. It has poor automation. 2. It depends on internet for it to be able to function 3. When the phone falls on motion it gives an error reading.

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Figure 2.1 SOSmart App as an existing system

3. CAR CRASH APP

ADVANTAGES OF CRASH APP

1. Programmed pile up recognition and warning 2. Use for any vehicle mischance confinement 3. Sends messages with location to contacts 4. Keeps casualty's phone ringing when mischance’s is identified for casualty to be

found DISADVANTAGES OF CRASH APP

1. It has poor automation. 2. It depends on internet for it to be able to function 3. When the phone falls on motion it gives an error reading

Figure 2.2 Crash App as an existing system

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2.1. RELATED WORKS

Automatic Accident Detection: Assistance Through Communication Technologies and

Vehicles” by (Fogue, M, 2012) In this article, e-NOTIFY framework is exhibited, which

permits quick discovery of car crashes, enhancing the help to harmed travelers by

decreasing the reaction time of crisis benefits through the productive correspondence

of significant data about the mishap utilizing a blend of V2V and V2I interchanges. The

proposed framework requires introducing OBUs in the vehicles, accountable for

distinguishing mishaps and telling them to an outer CU, which will appraise the

seriousness of the mischance and advice the fitting crisis benefits about the occurrence.

This engineering replaces the present instruments for notice of mischances in light of

witnesses, who may give fragmented or erroneous data after quite a while. The

improvement of a minimal effort model demonstrates that it is plausible to greatly fuse

this framework in existing vehicles

“Wireless black box using MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking for accidental

monitoring of vehicles” by (Watthanawisuth, N., 2012) This study displays an outline of

remote discovery utilizing MEMS accelerometer and GPS following framework is

created for unplanned observing against accidents. The framework comprises of helpful

segments of an accelerometer, microcontroller unit, GPS gadget and GSM module. In

case of road accident, this remote gadget will send messages to cell phone showing the

position of vehicle by GPS framework to relative, Emergency medicinal administration

(EMS) and closest doctor's facility. The limit calculation and speed of vehicle are utilized

to decide fall or mishap progressively. The framework is conservative and simple to

introduce under rider situate. The framework has been tried in true applications

utilizing bikes. The test outcomes demonstrate that it can distinguish straight fall, non-

direct fall and ordinary ride with high precision.

“Traffic-incident detection-algorithm based on nonparametric regression” by (Shuming

Tang, 2005) This paper proposes an enhanced nonparametric relapse (INPR)

calculation or algorithm for anticipating traffic flow and its application in programmed

automatic detection of traffic incidents. The INPRA is developed in view of the hunting

strategy for closest neighbors down a traffic vector and its fundamental preference lies

in gauging through conceivable patterns of traffic flow, rather than simply current

movement states, as normally utilized as a part of past determining calculations.

Different recreation comes about have shown the feasibility and viability of the

proposed new calculation. A few execution tests have been led utilizing genuine activity

informational collections and results exhibit that INPRs normal total figure blunders,

normal relative gauge mistakes, and normal registering times are the littlest contrasting

and other anticipating calculations.

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3.0 Research Design and Methodology Researches are either basic or applied research (Kothari, 2004) but based on

methodology or approach a research is said to be of a qualitative or a quantitative type

(Mackey and Gass 2016). Based upon the context of the subject matter in this research

paper, this chapter is to be focused on the type of research based on the methodology.

The research design therefore is based upon survey context which is a descriptive type

of research design.

Qualitative Analysis

This kind of approach does barely concentrate on a particular question but rather

consider the hypothetical philosophical worldview in a curious, open-finished settling in

demonstrates as they embrace a point of view (Neuman, 2010).

Interviews conducted on 21st July, 2017 on some road users which are;

Ms. MOLANY NASIM a student of Master’s in Architecture in LIMKOKWING University

and a Motorbike user.

MR. AKPOTOBORO ORUARO a lecturer of design and animation in the LIMKOKWING

University and a vehicle owner.

Quantitative analysis

Researchers must limit it down to, or concentrate on, a particular research address that

can be tended to in the review. Regularly this requires a cautious survey of the research

writing and creating theories that habitually originated from social hypothesis

(Neuman, 2010).

Also conducting some questionnaires task helped me get more information, that most

roads have no accident detection or theft alert system or apps on their vehicle or smart

phones

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3.1 DATAS COLLECTED FROM QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Figure 3.0 Quantitative analysis output

This is a general analysis of Questionnaires handed out to 25 road users and vehicle

owners.

The first question was to see how many of them have been involved in a car accident,

where 60% have been involved in an accident with 36% inexperienced.

The second question was replied by only those involved in a road accident trying to

estimate the time taken for family members to be alerted where 13% of the response

says their family members were aware of their mishap before 15mins also 13% of the

response says their family members were aware of their mishap after 30mins and 73%

had no idea not forgetting that life’s are lost or saved in manner of seconds

The third shows the effect of mortality or casualty caused by road accident where 84%

believe and claim road accident is cause of modern day mortality increase rate, while

12% are not sure.

The forth histogram shows 92% of these people have not used any road accident

alerting app, just 8% of them have tried so there is a need for this system.

The fifth histogram show how long it takes before first aid to sustain a victim life is

provided, and it show slow response by passer-by with 13.6% but more with above

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30mins at 40.9% showing poor treatment of victim and 36.4% response to I don’t know

showing passer-by abandoning the accident scene without helping.

The Sixth histogram shows that night or lonely path accident are hardly detected by

passer-by, where 68% claims that’s night accident are rarely or not detected at

immediate accident occurrence.

Finally the last histogram bars shows that most passer by handles victims poorly or

inform victims’ families too late where 72% agree passersby can’t care for victims the

way their families would

4. The Proposed System and Results Discussion

Figure 4.0 Outcome of the proposed system

4.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM (General Robotic Development)

The table below shows the component used and its functions.

Components Functions

Raspberry Pi 3

Module B+

This is the micro-controller in charge of controlling the

Robotic Car Prototype and also the Camera. Its OS is

Raspbain which is also a sub-Linux OS

Arduino UNO This Micro-Controller Board is separately used for

controlling the accident alert, Geo-location Tracking, and also

the theft alert Functions

GSM module This module is in charge of communicating with the user via

Text message (SMS) and calls. Its active when there is an

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active SIM card and Top up / Credit balance in it.

Accelerometer

sensor

This sensor is used for Detecting movements, be it the

accident occurrences movement or the Theft movement.

SIM card (Activated

and with some

balance)

This chip is solely for communication it’s the connecting

power to the world via it network provider provision.

Camera This is for visual monitoring i.e. it’s the eyes of the system in

times of accident, theft, abduction etc.

Servos This module is used for controlling the Robotic prototype car

movement directions and the Camera pan /Tilt directions

Motor Drivers This supplies power to the Motor and controlling the motor

either to go forward or Backwards

Servo Controllers This supplies the exact amount of power needed for the

servos and controls the pulse width Modulation (PWM)

which controls the degree of direction of the servos.

Battery step down Convert the volt and current of the battery to suit the sensors

and controllers to avoid damages to them.

TF-Card This is the memory for the Raspberry Pi 3. This is where the

Raspbain is installed to.

4.2 Implementation of the robotic car system

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Figure 4.1 system architecture / story board of the robotic car

The diagram above shows the architecture of the robotic vehicle where it is powered

by a 12v battery to the DC-DC Battery step down and it distributes power to the

raspberry pi e module B+, the Dc motor driver and the PCA9685 servo diver.

The camera and programs are controlled by the raspberry pi, while the servos are

controlled by the PCA9685 servo driver and the motors are controlled by the L298N

motor driver

Note: both the motor and servo drivers are controlled by the Raspberry pi

Step 2: Installing WiringPi Library

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Figure 4.2 showing the rpi gpio library structure

WiringPi is a GPIO access library written in C for the Raspberry Pi. It is very easy to use

and simplify a lot any project involving RPi and electronics.

WiringPi is used in manipulating the GPIO pins and read inputs. It’s even possible to

write entire programs just using the gpio command in a shell-script.

Provided you are using a linux OS GPIO are easily controlled by using CGI scripts with

the help of the wiring pi Library this chart shows if a GPIO pin is set for output, Input, 5V

e.tc.

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Figure 4.3 Robotic car systems Architecture

At this point, the WiringPi library is installed and you can control any GPIO directly

from the command line at your RPi monitor.

Setting a pin at 1 or high makes the current flow to cause the motor to move in a

direction while setting a pin low makes it move in another direction but if all pins are

set on low or zero it stop the robotic vehicle from moving

I.e. for moving forward

Where IN1 is connected to GPIO 5, IN2 connected to GPIO 6, IN3 connected to GPIO 13

IN4 connected to GPIO19 (all IN wiring are from the Motor drivers and GPIO Pins are

from the raspberry pi)

If gpio 5 is set to high, gpio 6 set to Low, Gpio 13 set to high and Gpio 19 set to low

This causes a H-bridge driving all motors forward.

4.2 The Accident Alert and tracking system Development

Figure 4.4 Accident alert and tracker system architecture

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The system architecture for the Accident detection is powered from the raspberry pi

directly to the Arduino where the Sim808 GSM, GPS and GPRS Module gets its programs

and power from same as the accelerometer.

4.3. ALGORITHM FOR ACCIDENT DETECTION USING ARDUINO AND

ACCELEROMETER

This is a part coding written in c to be inputted in the Arduino IDE

void acident(void)

{

int alert_x = 0, alert_y = 0, alert_z = 0, m_x = 0, m_y = 0, m_z = 0;

int X = 0 , Y = 0 , Z = 0; // variables for storing the o/p of ACCELEROMETER

X = analogRead(xpin);

delay(10);

Y = analogRead(ypin);

delay(10);

Z = digitalRead(zpin);

delay(10);

if ( alert == 1)

{

for (k = 0; k < 5; k++)

{

alert_x = alert_x + X;

alert_y = alert_y + Y;

alert_z = alert_z + Z;

}

m_x = alert_x / 5;

m_y = alert_y / 5;

m_z = alert_z / 5;

loop_1++;

if (p == 1)

{

if ((m_x1 - m_x > 5) || (m_y1 - m_y > 5) || (m_z1 - m_z > 5) || (m_x - m_x1 > 5) ||

(m_y - m_y1 > 5) || (m_z - m_z1 > 5))

{

moved++;

if (loop_1 < 12 && moved > 0)

{

moved = 0;

}

else

{

j = 3;

send_message();

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alert = 0;

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Vehicle moved");

}

}

}

m_x1 = m_x;

m_y1 = m_y;

m_z1 = m_z;

p = 1;

}

if (Z <= 370)

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" ACCIDENT ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" Detected ");

delay(1000);

Accident_send_message();

}

}

5. Conclusion

This research is just a stepping stone to the next level artificial creation for the automobile world also most of this are implemented nowadays in advance vehicle which are very expensive but there is a need for affordable once for moderate or budget cars because all lives are important. This project is the combination of different functions like i.e. the alert system, tracking system, the robotics system, and camera monitoring system etc. This research was designed to save life but has its robotic part for good illustration and also can be used for home security or exploration especially when hosted by a server where the camera monitoring becomes your eyes in the car, or when used for security at home it becomes your home security camera. This research can either be broken down into different functions like the accident detection, vehicle tracker, theft alert, or home security robot. Each of these can be advanced or collectively advanced The future enhanced of this system is to develop a phone App to compliment all its functions and also have the phone detection function both on phone and on the car where users can use the App to communicate and send command provided the phone App is connected to the car system.

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IJISE is a FTMS Publishing Journal