research paper presentation shaiq
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SHAIQ ALI SHAIQ ALI
M. Phil 2M. Phil 2ndnd semester semester
Kohat University of Science & Technology, (KUST)
![Page 2: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Authors:Authors:
Joan B. Gorme, Marla C. Maniquiz, Soon Seok Kim, Joan B. Gorme, Marla C. Maniquiz, Soon Seok Kim, Young Gyu Son, Yun-Tae Kim, Lee-Hyung KimYoung Gyu Son, Yun-Tae Kim, Lee-Hyung Kim
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 331-717, Korea
Environ. Eng. Res. 2010 December,15(4) : 207-213 Environ. Eng. Res. 2010 December,15(4) : 207-213
![Page 3: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Contents
Introduction Objective Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion
![Page 4: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
The presence of heavy metals in water systems is a serious environmental problem due to their toxic and non-biodegradable characteristics.
Lead (Pb) is considered one of the most toxic heavy metals.
According to the Ministry of Environment in Korea, the permissible limit for Pb in drinking water is 0.05 mg/L [1].
1)Ministry of Environment (MOE). Management of drinking water quality [Internet].Gwacheon: MOE; c2009 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Available from: http://eng.me.go.kr/content.do?m ethod=moveContent&menuCode=pol_wss_sup_pol_drinking.
![Page 5: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
Human exposure to Pb from different sources, such as storage batteries, lead manufacturing, tire wear and mining, causes several illnesses [2].
Various treatment processes, such as chemical precipitation, ultra-filtration and electrochemical deposition, have been developed for the removal of heavy metals [3].
(2) Ahmad A. et al. Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on sawdust of Meranti wood. Desalination 2009;247:636-646
(3)Kim MS, Sung CH, Chung JG. Adsorption of Pb(II) on metal oxide particles containing aluminum and titanium in aqueous solutions. Eviron. Eng. Res. 2005;10:45-53.
![Page 6: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
These processes are costly, which has lead to the search for cheaper and more easily obtainable materials for adsorption of heavy metals.
Numerous studies have assessed for the effectiveness in the removal of Pb from wastewater.
Such as sawdust [2], rice hull [4], coconut hull [5], fly ash [6] and maize husk [7].
(4)Aluyor EO. et al. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 2009;4:423-427. (5). Gueu S, et al. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 2007;4:11-17. (6). Khan TA, et al. J. Environ. Protect. Sci. 2009;3:124-132. (7). Igwe JC, et al Abia AA.. Electron. J. Biotechno. 2007;10:536-548.
![Page 7: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
In this paper bottom ash use as an adsorbent for the removal of Lead (Pb).
Bottom ash, which accounts for 5-15% of the by-products produced during coal power generation.
The particle size, inherent large surface area and high porosity of bottom ash make it a good choice for use as a low-cost adsorbent.
![Page 8: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Contents
Introduction Objectives Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion
![Page 9: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this research was to determine the suitability of bottom ash to be used as an alternative medium for the removal of heavy metals in wastewater.
![Page 10: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Contents
Introduction Objectives Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion
![Page 11: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL
1)Experimental Material The bottom ash samples were obtained from
a coal incinerator in Korea. the samples grouped as follows: <1.19 mm,
1.19-2.00 mm and 2.00-4.75 mm size. The pH, loss on ignition (LOI) and organic
matter content of the samples were determined.
The specific surface area of the bottom ash samples were measured using an ASAP 2000 analyzer (Edwards High Vacuum International, Crawley, W.Sussex, UK) with N2 adsorption.
![Page 12: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL
2) Elemental and Morphological Analysis
The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscope (SEM-EDS) was used to determine the elemental and morphological compositions of the bottom ash samples.
![Page 13: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL
3)….Mineralogical Analysis The bottom ash samples, in powder
form, were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) for the qualitative evaluation of the common and predominant phases within the ash.
![Page 14: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL
4)Total Content and Leaching Test To determine the total heavy metal content of the samples, 1.0 g
of bottom ash was digested using a microwave oven with Nitric/Hydrochloric acid solution.
And analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
The leachability of the heavy metals from the bottom ash was assessed according to the Korea standard leaching test (KSLT).
Fifty grams of bottom ash samples were mixed with an extraction fluid (W:V ratio=1:10) composed of 500 mL distilled water and HCl (pH=5.8–6.3).
The samples were vigorously shaken (185 rpm) in a water bath shaker at a constant temperature of 20oC for 6.5 hrs.
The leachate was vacuum filtered through a 1.0-μm filter paper, and the concentrations of Pb, Copper (Cu), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) in the supernatant liquid were then analyzed using ICP-AES.
![Page 15: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EXPERIMENTAL
5) Adsorption Test Adsorption experiments were carried out by using 100
g of bottom ash for kinetic adsorption. And 10, 20, 50 and 100 g of bottom ash for
equilibrium adsorption, in 500 mL of solution, containing 10 mg/L of Pb.
The mixtures were shaken (100 rpm) in a water bath shaker at a constant temperature of 20°C.
Small samples of the solution (20.0 mL) were taken out at predetermined time intervals to measure the evolution of the adsorbate concentration.
The samples were filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane, and the residual metal concentrations of supernatant liquid were determined using ICP-AES.
![Page 16: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Contents
Introduction Objectives Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion
![Page 17: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Result and discussion
1) Physical Properties
Table 1 Table 1 shows the physical properties of the bottom ash grouped by particle size range. It was apparent that pH, LOI and surface area increased with decreasing particle size
![Page 18: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
2) Chemical and Mineralogical Properties 3) Heavy Metal Content and Leaching
Characteristics
Result and discussion
![Page 19: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Adsorption Characteristics The time-dependent experiments for the removal of Pb
using bottom ash are shown in Fig. 1. The trend shows that the amount of metal ions removed
increased with increasing contact time. Of the three particle size ranges, <1.19 mm
demonstrated the highest and fastest adsorption of Pb. As shown in Fig. 1.
The adsorption of Pb attained equilibrium between 1000 and 4500 min of contact time.
Result and discussion
![Page 20: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Result and discussion
Fig. 1. Adsorption capacity of adsorbent
![Page 21: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Assuming first order kinetics, the Lagergren8 Eq. (1) was used to determine the pseudo-first order:
Kinetic Models
where qt (mg/g) is the amount of adsorbate absorbed at time t (min), qe (mg/g) the adsorption capacity at equilibrium and K (min−1) the rate constant for the pseudo-first-order model.
The pseudo-second-order model9 Eq. (2) can be expressed as follows:
(8)Lagergren S. About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances. Sven. Veten. Hand. 1898;24:1-39. (9)Ho YS, McKay G. A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. Process Saf. Environ. Protect. 1998;76:332-340.
![Page 22: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
where Ks is the rate constant for the pseudo-second-order model (g/mg∙min). Based on the second order model, the initial adsorption rate (h0) and half adsorption time (τ1/2) can be estimated according to Eqns. (3) and (4):
Kinetic Models
![Page 23: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kinetic Models
The Elovich model10 is given by Eq. (5)
where α and β are the parameters of the Elovich rate equation obtained from the linear regression analysis of the qt = F(t) function.
The fitting of the adsorption experimental data to three theoretical models are shown in Figs. From the slope and intercept of the straight line of log(qe-qt) versus t, t/qt versus t, and qt versus ln t, the corresponding constants were obtained.
(10)Low MJD. Kinetics of chemisorption of gases on solids. Chem. Rev. 1960;60:267-312.
![Page 24: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Kinetic Models
![Page 25: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kinetic Models
Fig. 4. Pseudo-first order sorption plots Fig. 5. Pseudo-second order sorption plots
![Page 26: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kinetic Models
Fig. 6. Elovich equation plots.
![Page 27: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kinetic Models
![Page 28: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Absorption Isotherm
The adsorption data were fitted to three sorption isotherms; namely, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich Isotherms. Langmuir theory is based on the assumption that sorption takes place at homogenous monolayer sites, with no further sorption able to take place at an occupied site. The rearranged linearized Langmuir isotherm is presented as follows Eq. (6) [4]
![Page 29: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Absorption Isotherm
where qm is the amount of metal sorbed for a complete monolayer (mg/g) and ka the sorption equilibrium constant. The adsorption capacity and intensity of the adsorbate towards the adsorbent are estimated using the Freundlich isotherm .[7] The linearized Freundlich adsorption isotherm is given as follows Eq. (7) [11]
(11)Freundlic HMF. Uber die adsorption in losungen. Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie. 1906;57A:385-470.
![Page 30: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Absorption Isotherm
where Kf and 1/n are the Freundlich empirical constants.
The third model used was the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, which estimates the porosity of a material and the energy of adsorption. The linear form of the equation and the energy of adsorption (E) are presented as follows [7]:
![Page 31: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fig. Langmuir isotherm plots.
![Page 32: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Fig. Freundlich isotherm plots.
![Page 33: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Fig. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm plots.
![Page 34: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Table
![Page 35: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Contents
Introduction Objectives Experimental Results and discussion Conclusion
![Page 36: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Conclusions
This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the use of bottom ash as a medium for the adsorption of Pb in wastewater.
Detailed characterizations of the physical, chemical, leaching and adsorption capacities of bottom ash were performed. Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn:
• The adsorption capacity of bottom ash increased with decreasing particle size.
![Page 37: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Conclusions
The most suitable kinetic model for providing the best correlation of the adsorption kinetics data was the pseudo-second order model.
Bottom ash is made up of heterogeneous, multi-layered surfaces, which are available for adsorption, as demonstrated by the Freundlich isotherm, the governing equilibrium model.
The maximum sorption capacity and energy of adsorption(<1.19 mm size) of bottom ash obtained from the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm were 0.315 mg/g and 7.008 KJ/mol, respectively.
![Page 38: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
References
1)Ministry of Environment (MOE). Management of drinking water quality [Internet].Gwacheon: MOE; c2009 [cited 2010 Oct 10]. Available from: http://eng.me.go.kr/content.do?m ethod=moveContent&menuCode=pol_wss_sup_pol_drinking
(2) Ahmad A. et al. Removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on sawdust of Meranti wood. Desalination 2009;247:636-646
(3)Kim MS, Sung CH, Chung JG. Adsorption of Pb(II) on metal oxide particles containing aluminum and titanium in aqueous solutions. Eviron. Eng. Res. 2005;10:45-53.
4)Aluyor EO. et al. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 2009;4:423-427.
(5). Gueu S, et al. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 2007;4:11-17.
(6). Khan TA, et al. J. Environ. Protect. Sci. 2009;3:124-132.
(7). Igwe JC, et al Abia AA.. Electron. J. Biotechno. 2007;10:536-548.
![Page 39: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
References
8)Lagergren S. About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substances. Sven. Veten.Hand. 1898;24:1-39.
(9)Ho YS, McKay G. A comparison of chemisorption kinetic models applied to pollutant removal on various sorbents. Process Saf. Environ. Protect. 1998;76:332-340.
(10)Low MJD. Kinetics of chemisorption of gases on solids. Chem. Rev. 1960;60:267-312
(11)Freundlic HMF. Uber die adsorption in losungen. Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie. 1906;57A:385-470.
![Page 40: Research paper presentation shaiq](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060109/555760fed8b42a94728b4900/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)