research paper 2003-003 - gouv · research paper 2003-003 a bi-regional social accounting matrix...

RESEARCH PAPER 2003-003

A Bi-regional Social AccountingMatrix for the General EquilibriumModel of the ministère des Financesdu Québec (GEMFQ)

David Bahan1

Danielle Bilodeau2

André Lemelin3

Véronique Robichaud4

With contributions from:Camille Courchesne2

Brian Girard1

Éric Genest-Laplante1

Xavier Brosseau1

Geneviève Carel2

The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflectthe opinions of the ministère des Finances.

This is an English version of the original French paper.

1 Ministère des Finances du Québec.2 Institut de la statistique du Québec.3 Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) et Centre interuniversitaire sur le

risque, les politiques économiques et l’emploi (CIRPÉE).4 Centre interuniversitaire sur le risque, les politiques économiques et l’emploi (CIRPÉE).

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Published byDirection des communications du ministère des Finances12, rue Saint-Louis, RC.01Québec (Québec) G1R 5L3 A Bi-regional Social AccountingMatrix for the General EquilibriumModel of the ministère des Financesdu Québec (GEMFQ) ISBN 2-550-41625-2Legal deposit, March 2003Bibliothèque nationale du Québec© Gouvernement du Québec

A BI-REGIONAL SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIXFOR THE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE MINISTÈRE DES FINANCES DU QUÉBEC

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSGeneral equilibrium models, because of the complexity of the effects taken

into account and their influence on the behaviour of economic agents, arepowerful tools for analyzing economic and fiscal policy.

In the spring of 2000, the ministère des Finances du Québec decided itneeded such a tool and turned to the Centre de recherche en économie etfinance appliquées (CREFA) of Université Laval to develop a general equilibriummodel adapted to the specific features of Québec’s economy. The Institut de lastatistique du Québec (ISQ) contributed to the project by agreeing to participateactively in the development of the model and took on the task of formulatingthe related social accounting matrix.

To meet the needs of the ministère des Finances du Québec, the work ofCREFA, led by Bernard Decaluwé, André Lemelin and Véronique Robichaud, andthat of ISQ, led by Camille Courchesne, David Bahan and Danielle Bilodeau, werecarried out in cooperation with staff of the ministère des Finances, in particularBrian Girard, Éric Genest-Laplante and Xavier Brosseau.

The calculable general equilibrium model is an analytical instrument that theministère des Finances du Québec can apply to better understand theimplications of fiscal and economic policy and hence make informed decisions.

The authors wish to thank Laurence Bargaud, Bernard Decaluwé, ÉricFournier, Martin Hébert, Hervé Lohoues, André Martens and Gilles Paquin fortheir views and comments on this paper.


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SUMMARY

The general equilibrium model of the ministère des Finances du Québec isbased on a social accounting matrix (SAM) that provides a detailed description ofthe structure of the Québec-Canada economic system for reference year 1996.The SAM was developed primarily on the basis of the national accounts as well ason Statistics Canada's input-output tables.

Both the model and the SAM are very detailed. Each of the two regions has 56productive sectors, 121 categories of goods and services and 48 personalconsumption expenditure categories. Investment is divided among 13 categories.There are 150 types of households in Québec and 155 in Canada5, defined byhousehold composition, income level and age group. Demand for factors ofproduction is broken down among 11 types of occupation and two types ofcapital.

This paper describes the general structure of the bi-regional SAM withparticular emphasis on supra-regional accounts. The principal sources of dataand nomenclatures used as well as the balancing methods are also discussed. Forillustration purposes, an aggregated bi-regional SAM will also be presented.

5 There are five categories without households in Québec. The age group is defined by the age

of the "reference person", using the terminology of Statistics Canada.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction .......................................................................................1

Part I. Structure of the SAM...............................................................3

1.1 Bi-regional matrix .............................................................. 31.2 Supra-regional accounts ....................................................... 41.3 Expenditures at consumer prices............................................. 51.4 Product accounts ............................................................... 61.5 Domestic production and absorption ........................................ 61.6 External trade................................................................... 71.7 Public administrations ......................................................... 7

1.7.1 Current expenditures of public administrations................... 71.7.2 Para-fiscal charges and indirect taxes............................... 7

Part II. Construction of the SAM ..........................................................9

2.1 Source of data................................................................... 92.2 Balancing method............................................................. 11

Part III. Disaggregation of accounts ..................................................... 15

3.1 Factors of production ........................................................ 153.2 Households..................................................................... 163.3 Firms............................................................................ 163.4 Government ................................................................... 163.5 Production activities ......................................................... 183.6 Personal expenditures ....................................................... 203.7 Products ........................................................................ 213.8 Investment ..................................................................... 23

Part IV. An aggregated social accounting matrix ..................................... 25

Conclusion ....................................................................................... 27

List of Tables.................................................................................... 29

APPENDIX A: Format of the social accounting matrix ............................... 31

APPENDIX B: The social accounting matrix of the GEMFQ (aggregated version)35

References ...................................................................................... 37

I N T R O D U C T I O N

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INTRODUCTION

This text describes the social accounting matrix (SAM) used as the statisticalbasis of the general equilibrium model of the ministère des Finances du Québec(GEMFQ). Because of its bi-regional structure, this matrix describes in detail theeconomies of Québec and the Rest of Canada as well as the interactions betweenthe two regions for base year 1996. The level of disaggregation of the socialaccounting matrix is very large. The matrix consists of roughly two thousand fourhundred accounts. These accounts make it possible to distinguish factors ofproduction (labour and capital), households, the three different levels of publicadministration (federal, provincial and local), firms (corporations andunincorporated business), production activities (industries) and the productmarket according to use (consumer products, investment products, intermediateproducts and export products) for each region. Other accounts, called supra-regional, apply to the two regions and make it possible to take into account thefree movement of certain flows between the two regions, in particular savingsand investment income.

The structure and level of disaggregation of the SAM have been adapted toreflect the specific needs of the ministère des Finances du Québec, theavailability and accuracy of data and certain realities of the Canadian economy.

In the first part, we describe the general structure of the social accountingmatrix as well as certain specific features. We then discuss the construction ofthe SAM, with emphasis on the sources of data and on certain techniques used.The level of disaggregation of each account category is described in part three.Before concluding, an aggregated bi-regional SAM will be presented as anillustration.

S T R U C T U R E O F T H E S A M

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PART I. STRUCTURE OF THE SAM

1.1 Bi-regional matrix

Table 1 gives a simplified representation of the bi-regional SAM for Québecand the Rest of Canada (ROC). The accounts of the SAM can be divided into threemain groups: the accounts of Québec, the accounts of ROC and a last series ofaccounts, including the Rest of the World (ROW), called supra-regional. Thedisaggregation of the accounts is similar for the two regions. Accordingly, theeconomic activity of each region can be distinguished with the same level ofdetail. Trade between the two regions is recorded at the intersection of theaccounts of Québec and those of ROC. This includes imports and exports ofproducts as well as wages paid to residents of the other region.

TABLE 1General structure of the SAM

Québec Rest of Canada Rest of the World

Québec Domestic transactions Exports from Québec tothe Rest of Canada

Internationalexports

Rest of Canada Imports to Québec fromthe Rest of Canada

Domestic transactions Internationalexports

Rest of the World International imports International imports

Naturally, our SAM shares characteristics common to all other SAMs. They areshown as a square table in which the accounting flows of a given year areentered, while satisfying internal consistency. Special attention has been givento the external consistency of the SAM. The structure and data were selected toobtain a SAM that represents the economies of Québec and ROC as faithfully aspossible.

A B I - R E G I O N A L S O C I A L A C C O U N T I N G M A T R I XF O R T H E G E N E R A L E Q U I L I B R I U M M O D E L O F T H E M I N I S T È R E D E S F I N A N C E S D U Q U É B E C

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1.2 Supra-regional accounts

A feature of the SAM is the introduction of supra-regional accounts. Supra-regional accounts are accounts that make no distinction between the two regionsand that apply to Canada as a whole. There are four categories of supra-regionalaccounts: accumulation accounts that make it possible to consider the highdegree of mobility of capital in Canada, investment income accounts that takeaccount of the integration of financial markets, the accounts of the consolidatedfederal government as a single agent and the ROW account that represents theeconomic integration of Québec with the ROW. The balance of trade of Québecand ROC is consolidated within a single current balance.

The accumulation and investment income accounts operate very similarly. Inthe case of the accumulation account, income consists of all the savings anddepreciation in Canada. The expenditures of the accumulation accounts consistof purchases of investment products and payments of licences and permits inQuébec and in the ROC. It is possible to distinguish total savings and the netbalance between investment and savings of each region. However, it isimpossible to tell the source region of the savings that finance investment ineach region.

The same principle applies for investment income accounts: the receipts ofthese accounts consist of all dividends and interest paid by agents in Canadaand, inversely, expenditures are the payments made to various agents. Like theaccumulation accounts, a region’s balance between what is paid and what isreceived can be determined. However, it is not possible to determine the sourceregion of the investment income received by each agent.

The accounts of the consolidated federal government are, as the nameindicates, the accounts in which the activity of the federal government inQuébec and in ROC is consolidated to make the federal government a singleagent. The federal government’s total savings and debt service are paid by theconsolidated federal government to the accumulation and investment incomeaccounts. The balance of activity in Québec is paid directly to the incomeaccount of the consolidated federal government.


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TABLE 2Consolidated federal government

Québec Rest ofCanada

Supra-regional

Fed. gov. inQuébec

Accumulation Consoli-dated fed.gov.

Expen. of thefed. gov. inQuébec

Québec

Fed. gov. inQuébec

Receipts ofthe fed. gov.in Québec

Rest of Canada Expen. ofthe fed. gov.in ROC

Accumulation Surplus (+)or deficit(-)

Consolidatedfed. gov.

Surplus (+) ordeficit (-) inQuébec

Receipts ofthe fed. gov.in ROC

Supra-

regional

The ROW is represented by a single account. Imports of Québec and ROC arepurchased directly from this account while exports are an expenditure of theROW agent. In addition to international trade, transfers and investment incomepaid to ROW and received by ROW are recorded in this account.

1.3 Expenditures at consumer prices

The expenditures of the SAM are recorded at consumer prices, i.e. applicabletaxes and margins are added to the producer price. This method of recordingflows makes it possible to obtain effective tax rates differentiated according tothe nature of the product. Indirect taxes paid on goods and services byproduction activities are collected on intermediate products while those paid byhouseholds are collected in the consumer product accounts. Accordingly, theSAM makes it possible to break down the value of the product between the valueof what the producer receives, taxes and six types of margins, namely wholesaletrade, retail trade, warehousing, pipeline transmission, gas distribution andtransport margins.


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1.4 Product accounts

The SAM product accounts distinguish between consumer products,intermediate products and investment products. One reason for this choice ishow consumption taxes are treated in the GEMFQ. Tax rates often differdepending on the nature of the product but also depending on the nature of thepurchaser of the product. The input tax credit in Québec mean that for mostintermediate products, average effective sales tax rates are often close to zerowhile for consumer products, effective rates remain much closer to the statutoryrates. Accordingly, by having effective tax rates that differ depending on thepurchaser and the product, the real impact of a change in the sales tax can beseen both for consumer products that are tax-exempt, such as food products andprescription drugs, and for intermediate products, where input rebates minimizethis impact. The disaggregation of product accounts is described in section threeof the paper.

1.5 Domestic production and absorption

The composite product accounts perform the reconciliation between thesupply of and demand for each good and service in Québec and ROC. The termcomposite product is used because for each household or production activity, thesource of their consumption is not determined. Locally produced and importedgoods and services are considered as imperfect substitutes. The supply of a givengood or service is sourced from local production, located at the intersection ofthe composite product accounts and the production activity accounts, fromimports and in certain cases from the change in stocks. On the other hand,domestic demand consists of household consumption, demand for investmentpurposes, current expenditures by public administrations, intermediate demandand, in certain cases, the change in stocks (see the format of the SAM inAppendix A).


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1.6 External trade

The distinction between interprovincial trade and international trade is madeby using two series of accounts: a series for exports to the other region andanother series for exports to ROW. Imports are recorded at the intersection ofthe composite product accounts and the ROW account if they are internationalimports, and at the intersection of the composite product accounts and theaccounts of exports from the other region in the case of interprovincial imports.A third series of accounts relating to external trade is called reexportedproducts. The latter are goods and services that undergo no processing andsimply transit through Québec or ROC. In the National Accounts System, importsfor reexport purposes are included in total imports. In the SAM, the reexportproduct accounts draw directly from the ROW. Accordingly, imports for reexportpurposes are subtracted from total imports. Receipts of the reexported productaccounts consist simply of repurchases of products by ROW on which a transportmargin has been added.

1.7 Public administrations

1.7.1 Current expenditures of public administrations

In the SAM, current expenditures of public administrations correspond to thepurchase of non-market services produced by government production activities.In this way, supply of and demand for government non-market services are inequilibrium. The wages paid by public administrations do not appear in theexpenditure accounts but in the corresponding production activity.

1.7.2 Para-fiscal charges and indirect taxes

Para-fiscal charges include employment insurance contributions, contributionsto the Québec Pension Plan, the Canada Pension Plan (QPP/CPP) and to workercompensation funds. In the SAM, these contributions are paid entirely by theproduction activities to the governments in question. For employment insurancecontributions and QPP/CPP contributions, the effective rates reflect thedifference in average wages among production activities and, in the case ofworker compensation contributions, the effective rate represents the differencein risk for a worker in each production activity. Concerning QPP/CPPcontributions, the SAM also distinguishes between the contributions of self-employed workers and those of wage earners. Wages are paid to labour factors,net of social contributions. Indirect taxes on production are also paid by


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production activities and each tax is broken down among the various productionactivities of the SAM.

C O N S T R U C T I O N O F T H E S A M

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PART II. CONSTRUCTION OF THE SAM

2.1 Source of data

Economic accounts

The economic accounts (EA) are the basis of the SAM and we considered thissource to be the most reliable. All the values of the SAM are calibrated exactlyon the economic accounts and only when no other value is available is anothersource used. The provincial economic accounts6 and the national economicaccount7 were used. It should be noted that to reconcile GDP calculatedaccording to the income approach with that calculated according to theexpenditure approach, the statistical difference was added to the allowance forcapital consumption on the income side and to the change in inventories on theexpenditure side.

Input-output tables

We used the input-output tables of Québec and Canada for 1996 to constructthe SAM. The ROC table is obtained by simple subtraction of the tables forQuébec from those for Canada. For Québec, we used the complete version of thetables at the most detailed level of aggregation (W) in which productionactivities are classified according to the 1980 industry classification. For Canada,we used a public version of the tables at level W. The difference between thepublic version and the complete version is as follows: in the public version, manycells are set to zero because of confidentiality and the values are all in millionsrather than thousands of dollars. To be able to use the public version, it wasnecessary to estimate the missing values and rebalance the tables to obtainequality between supply and demand as well as equality between the incomeand expenditure of each production activity. The major aggregates of the tablesof Québec and Canada were also balanced on the basis of the EA to ensure theinternal consistency of the SAM.

6 Statistics Canada, Provincial economic accounts, 13-213-PPB, 2000.7 Statistics Canada, National economic accounts, 13-001-XIB, 2000.


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SPSM model database version 88

Most of the data concerning households needed to construct the SAM aretaken from the SPSM model database. This non-confidential database isrepresentative of Canadian households and incorporates mainly the householdspending survey and the consumer finance survey of 1996. Using this database,168 categories of households were defined as specified in section 3.2. It is thenpossible to use the variables of the database to break down the various incomesand expenditures among types of households. The advantage of using the SPSMmodel database is that all the information of the surveys is included. When thedata is not available in the surveys, the SPSM algorithms can be used tocalculate, according to the characteristics of the households, the amount oftransfers received and the amount of taxes paid.

Other data

The three sources of data mentioned above are the most important. However,in some cases, information from other sources is added to fine-tune theestimates, in particular, administrative data files such as those of the ministèredu Revenu du Québec (MRQ) and Canada Customs and Revenue Agency. Forfirms, a compilation by the MRQ is used to allocate the tax on capital paidaccording to production activity while a compilation of the Commission de lasanté et de la sécurité du travail determines the contributions paid to thatinstitution according to production activity. Note that in the administrative filesmentioned above, production activities are classified according to the 1980industry classification. We also made use of the survey of employment, earningsand hours (SEPH) to calculate the average wage by production activity, in orderto break down social contributions.

8 Statistics Canada, Social Policy Simulation Model (SPSM), 2000.


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2.2 Balancing method

The RAS method is frequently used in the construction of SAM. This method isused chiefly to balance a matrix when there are discrepancies among the varioussources of data used. To use the RAS method, all that is needed are the controltotals for each row and column of the matrix to be balanced. Then, by iteration,the values within the matrix are adjusted proportionally until equality betweenthe rows and columns of the matrix and the control totals is obtained. Theadvantage of this method is that it is simple and requires little information. Inaddition, if the control totals are consistent, convergence is assured. However,it is difficult to add constraints or additional information to the process, whichwould improve the estimate. In our case, we used the RAS method only when wehad no additional information on the values within the matrix to be balanced.

Here is how the RAS method is used. Matrix TAB is the original matrix to bebalanced. TAP is a column vector of totals that we want to impose in rows onTAB. TBP is a row vector of totals that we want to impose on TAB in columns.The convergence threshold is also fixed.

TBP 1 x J

TAP I x 1

TAB I x J

li

cj

xi,j


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- Calculate the sum of the rows of TAP:

)11(1

x

I

ii sumtoll =∑

=

- Calculate the sum of the columns of TBP:

)11(1

x

J

jj sumcolc =∑

=

- The condition for using RAS is absolute equality of sumtol with sumcol. If this

condition is not satisfied, it is impossible to obtain results.

Once the condition is verified, an iterative process begins:

1) For each row i, calculate the sum of the columns of TAB so as to obtain a row

vector mix1:

i

J

jji mxi =∀ ∑

=1

0,,

2) Calculate pi for each row i:

i

ii m

lp =

3) This is then multiplied by each item of row i of matrix TAB:

0,

1, jiiji xpx =

4) For each column j, calculate the sum of the rows of matrix TAB obtained in

step 3:

j

I

iji nxj =∀ ∑

=1

1,,


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5) Before continuing, the difference that remains is verified:

∑=

−=J

jjj cndifference

1

If the difference is greater than the convergence threshold, we continue instep 5. If not, the matrix is balanced.

6) Calculate jq for each column j that is multiplied at each item of the jth

column of the new matrix TAB obtained in step 2:

j

jj nc

q =

1,

2, jijji xqx =

7) The convergence test is performed once again with the new matrix TAB

calculated in step 6:

i

J

jji mxi =∀ ∑

=1

2,,

and

∑=

−=I

iii lmdifference

1

If the difference is less than the convergence threshold, the iterations areover. If not, we return to step 1.

In some cases, the RAS method does not give satisfactory results and theadditional information we have enables us to set constraints on the internalvalues of the matrix that we want to balance. For instance, when we determineproperty taxes paid according to sector, we have information on certain sectors.It is then possible to fix these values before balancing the other estimatedvalues. In such cases, we use an cross entropy minimization method as used byEl-said and Robinson (2000).9 We give here the general form of the method.

9 EL-SAID, Moataz and Sherman ROBINSON, Gams code for estimating a social accounting

matrix using cross entropy methods, TMD Discussion Paper 64, December 2000.


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Assume a SAM in which jit , is the payment of column j at row i, then

∑∑ ==j

ijj

jii tty ,, because, in a SAM, there is equality between the sum of the

row and of the corresponding column.

The variable jiA , is calculated by dividing each item of the SAM by the sum of

the column, such that j

jiji yt

A ,, = .

To balance the matrix, it is sufficient to minimize the cross entropy distancemeasured by the Kullback-Leibler function with the constraints:

**, i

jjji yyA =∑ where *

iy is the control total of the column

and ∑ =j

jiA 1, .

The Kullback-Leibler function itself is:

Min ⎥⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡= ∑∑

i j ji

jiji A

AAI

,

,, ln where jiA , is the initial SAM and jiA , is the new

SAM.

By applying this method, it is possible to add many constraints and even to fixcertain values of the initial matrix. However, as the number of constraints rises,the greater the likelihood of a lengthy convergence process.

D I S A G G R E G A T I O N O F A C C O U N T S

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PART III. DISAGGREGATION OFACCOUNTS

3.1 Factors of production

In the SAM, two types of factors of production are considered for each region:capital and labour. Labour is disaggregated into 11 occupational categories thatare groupings of the major groups of the 1980 occupational classification. Theremuneration of labour is paid by production activity to the various categories oflabour. They in turn distribute it to households according to the composition ofthe category of household.

TABLE 3Categories of labour according to the 1980 Occupational Classification

Management and administration

Natural sciences, engineering, mathematics, social sciences, etc.

Teaching

Administrative work

Trade

Services

Agriculture, horticulture, breeding, fishing, trapping, etc.

Mines and quarries, processing and machining of raw materials

Manufacturing, assembly and repair of finished products

Construction

Transportation, handling, operation of machines

Source: Statistics Canada.

Turning to capital, we retain the same distinction as for the input-outputtables of Statistics Canada. The factor is divided between the capital ofunincorporated business and that of corporations.


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3.2 Households

The following criteria are used for the disaggregation of households: types ofhouseholds, age of the reference person and household income. The followingtable shows the categories used for each of these three criteria.

TABLE 4Household disaggregation criteria

Types of households Age of the referenceperson

Household income

Persons living aloneSingle-parent families, 1 childSingle-parent families, 2 or more childrenCouples, no childrenCouples, 1 childCouples, 2 or more childrenOther

Under 35 years35 to 44 years45 to 64 years

65 or over

Under $15 000$15 000 to $24 999$25 000 to $34 999$35 000 to $59 999$60 000 to $84 999

$85 000 or more

The disaggregation of households according to these criteria produces 168categories of households. Some categories contain no observation. Thefunctional categories, i.e. those that contain at least one observation, number150 for Québec and 155 for ROC.

3.3 Firms

For each of the two regions, the accounts of firms were sub-divided into twocategories: corporations and sole proprietorships. It should be noted that in thecorporation accounts of Québec and ROC, the activity of public enterprises isalso included.

3.4 Government

The primary purpose of the GEMFQ is to simulate the impact of changes tothe government’s fiscal policy on the economy of Québec and of ROC. For thisreason, we tried to include as much detail as possible on the revenue andexpenditure of each level of government in the SAM.


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For the revenue of the federal government in Québec, a distinction is madebetween investment income, personal and corporate income tax, indirect taxes,employment insurance contributions and transfers from other levels ofgovernment. Indirect taxes include customs duties, the goods and services tax(GST), excise duties, excise taxes, the tax on air transportation, the tax ongasoline and the tax on lotteries. Subsidies, transfers and current expenditureson goods and services figure on the expenditure side. A distinction is also madeamong five types of transfers to households: family allowances, the child taxbenefit, the GST credit, employment insurance benefits and old age securitybenefits. The same accounts are present for the consolidated federalgovernment, with the addition of the debt service account.

As with the federal government, the Québec government’s revenue consists ofpersonal and corporate income tax, investment income, indirect taxes,contributions to the Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail andtransfers. Indirect taxes are the Québec sales tax (QST), the tax on gasoline, thetax on amusements, profits from the sale of alcohol and lotteries, the provincialexcise tax on alcohol, duties and permits, the payroll tax for the Health ServicesFund (HSF) and the tax on the capital of corporations. Expenditures arerepresented by accounts for subsidies, transfers, debt service and currentexpenditures on goods and services. Transfers to households are broken downinto four different accounts: family allowances, the QST credit, social assistanceand worker compensation benefits. The disaggregation of the accounts ofprovincial governments in ROC is similar to that of the Québec governmentthough with less detail for transfers to households and with the addition of onemore property tax account.

For local governments, revenue accounts are those for investments, indirecttaxes and transfers. Indirect taxes are recorded in two accounts: property taxesand other indirect taxes. In ROC, two revenue accounts are added to includemunicipal sales taxes and municipal entertainment taxes. Expenditures consist oftransfers, subsidies, debt service and current expenditures on goods andservices.

In national accounting, the Canada Pension Plan and the Québec Pension Planare treated in accounts separate from those of the Québec and federalgovernments. Accordingly, we added separate accounts for these two agencies inthe SAM. The revenue accounts are the contributions paid by the productionactivities for wage earners and the contributions paid by production activities forself-employed workers. Expenditures consist of benefits and currentexpenditures on goods and services.


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3.5 Production activities

Production activities in Québec and ROC are broken down into 56 industriesbased on the standard industrial calssification of 1980 (SIC80). This aggregationcorresponds, with but few exceptions, to Statistics Canada’s intermediate levelaggregation (M). The only changes made are that the leather and footwearindustry and the tobacco industry are included in the miscellaneousmanufacturing industry for confidentiality reasons. The M aggregation allows usto distinguish the production activity of the three levels of public administrationin addition to the major sectors of activity such as health care and education.


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TABLE 5Classification of production activity branches

No. Production activity branch No. Production activity branch

1 Agriculture 29 Transportation2 Fishing, hunting and trapping 30 Pipeline transmission3 Forest development and forest services 31 Warehousing and storage4 Mines 32 Communications5 Crude oil and natural gas 33 Public utilities6 Quarries and sandpits 34 Wholesale trade7 Mining services industries 35 Retail trade8 Food 36 Financial and real estate services9 Beverages 37 Insurance10 Rubber 38 Owner-occupied buildings11 Plastic 39 Business services12 Semi-processed textiles 40 Education services13 Textile products 41 Health and social services14 Clohting 42 Lodging and meal services15 Wood 43 Entertainment and recreation16 Furniture and furnishings 44 Personal and domestic services17 Paper and related products 45 Other service industries18 Printing, publishing and related industries 46 Operating, office, cafeteria and laboratory

supplies19 Prime metal manufacturing 47 Travel & enter., advertising & promotion20 Manufacturing of metal products 48 Transport margins21 Machinery 49 NC-P10 Non-profit organizations other than

education22 Transportation equipment 50 NC-P10 Education institution23 Electric and electronic products 51 NC-G11 Hospitals and care for int. clients

24 Non-metallic mineral products 52 NC-G11 Education25 Refined petroleum products and coal 53 NC-G11 Defence services26 Chemical industries 54 NC-G11 Other local administrations27 Miscellaneous manufacturing 55 NC-G11 Other prov. and terr.

Administrations28 Construction 56 NC-G11 Other federal administrations

10 Non-commercial private sector.11 Non-commercial government sector.


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3.6 Personal expenditures

In the SAM, consumption expenditures of households are allocated among the48 categories of personal expenditures. These categories are then broken downinto consumer products. We assume that households first choose amongcategories of expenditure rather than among the various products. Thecategories of personal expenditure used in the SAM correspond exactly toStatistics Canada’s most detailed aggregation (level W) of final demand.12

TABLE 6Classification of personal expenditures

No. Expenditure category No. Expenditure category1 Food and non-alcoholic beverages 25 Hospital and similar care2 Alcoholic beverages purchased in stores 26 Accident and health insurance3 Tobacco products 27 Drugs and pharmacy products4 Men’s and boys’ clothing 28 New and used motor vehicles5 Men’s clothing, repairs and alterations 29 Motor vehicle parts and accessories6 Women’s and children’s clothing 30 Motor vehicle repairs7 Women’s clothing, repairs and alterations 31 Fuel and lubricants8 Footwear 32 Other services relating to motor vehicles9 Footwear repairs 33 Transportation service user fees10 Imputed gross rent 34 Communications11 Gross rent paid 35 Recreation, sports and camping equipment12 Other housing expenditures 36 Repair and rental of recreational

equipment13 Electricity 37 Supplies of reading material and

entertainment14 Natural gas 38 Recreation services15 Other fuels 39 Training service16 Furniture and floor coverings 40 Jewellery and watches17 Furniture repair and uphosltering 41 Repairs to jewellery and watches18 Household appliances 42 Leather articles and other personal items19 Repairs to household equipment 43 Toiletries and beauty products20 Semi-durable furnishings 44 Personal care21 Non-durable household products 45 Restaurants and lodging22 Domestic services and childcare 46 Financial, legal and other services23 Other domestic services 47 Operating expenditures of NPOs24 Medical care 48 Net expenditures abroad

12 Statistics Canada, 1997 Historical Revision of the Canadian System of National Accounts,

Industry, Commodity, and Final Demand Classification Systems, March 1998.


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3.7 Products

The various SAM categories (export products, composite products, investmentproducts, etc.) are classified at the same level of detail. There are 121 differentgoods and services, which is almost equivalent to intermediate level M of theaggregation of Statistics Canada’s input-output tables.13 The changes we madeare intended to isolate goods and services with specific taxation regimes, such asfuel oil, diesel, gasoline, insurance, air transportation and lotteries.

TABLE 7Classification of goods and services

No. Category of goods and services No. Category of goods and services1 Grains 61 Other non-metallic mineral products

2 Live animals 62 Engine fuel

3 Other farm products 63 Aviation fuel

4 Forest products and services 64 Diesel fuel

5 Fish and seafood, fresh 65 Fuel oil

6 Hunting and trapping products 66 Liquefied petroleum gas inc. natural gas

7 Iron ore and concentrates 67 Other petroleum and coal products

8 Other metal ores and concentrates 68 Industrial chemical products

9 Coal 69 Fertilizer

10 Crude mineral oils 70 Pharmaceutical products

11 Natural gas other than liquefied 71 Maintenance products

12 Non-metallic minerals 72 Personal care products

13 Mine extraction services 73 Other chemical products

14 Meat products 74 Ophthalmological and medical apparatus

15 Dairy products 75 Medical and photo. laboratory equipment

16 Fish and seafood products 76 Other manufactured products

17 Products of fruits and vegetables, etc. 77 Construction of residential buildings

18 Animal food 78 Non-residential construction

19 Flour and starch 79 Construction (repair)

20 Grain, table, bakery prod. 80 Pipeline transport margin

21 Sugar 81 Air transportation

22 Miscellaneous food products 82 Water transportation

23 Carbonated drinks 83 Rail transportation

24 Alcoholic beverages 84 Urban mass transit

25 Unrefined tobacco 85 School transportation, ambulance services

26 Cigarettes and other tobacco products 86 Road transportation

27 Tires and inner tubes 87 Other transportation services




22

TABLE 7 (continued)Classification of goods and servicesNo. Category of goods and services No. Category of goods and services28 Other rubber products 88 Storage and warehousing

29 Plastic products 89 Radio and television broadcasting incl. cable

30 Leather and leather products 90 Telphone and other telecom. services

31 Wires and fibres 91 Postal and courrier services

32 Fabrics 92 Electricity

33 Other textile products 93 Natural gas distribution margin

34 Socks and knitted clothing 94 Other public services

35 Other clothing and accessories 95 Wholesale trade margin

36 Lumber and treated wood products 96 Retail trade margin

37 Veneers and plywood 97 Gross rents charged

38 Other wood products 98 Financial services

39 Furniture and furnishings 99 Lodging services

40 Wood pulp 100 Insurance

41 Newsprint and other paper 101 Business services

42 Coated paper and paper products 102 Private education services

43 Printed papers and publishing services 103 Health care and social services

44 Advertising services, newspapers, magazines 104 Lotteries and races

45 Iron prod. and prime steel manufacturing 105 Other recreational services

46 Aluminum products and aluminum alloys 106 Lodging and meal services

47 Copper products and copper alloys 107 Other services

48 Nickel products and nickel alloys 108 Transport margins

49 Other non-ferrous metal products 109 Office, cafeteria, lab. operating supplies

50 Boilers and plate work 110 Travel and entertainment, adv., promotion

51 Prefab. metal structural prod. 111 Household services (NPO)

52 Other metallic products 112 Non-profit education services

53 Farm machinery 113 NC-G Hospitals and care for internal clients

54 Other industrial machinery 114 NC-G Education

55 Automobiles 115 NC-G Defence services

56 Automobile parts 116 Other municipal administration services

57 Other transportation equipment and repairs 117 Other provincial administration services

58 Household machines and appliances 118 Other federal administration services

59 Other electric and electronic products 119 Non-competitive imports

60 Concrete and concrete products 120 Non-allocated imports and exports

121 Sales of other government services


23

3.8 Investment

Expenditures on investment goods, which include gross fixed capitalformation and the change in inventories, are broken down into 14 categories.These categories provide information on investment in machines and equipmentas well as on investment in construction for a number of production activitygroups. The level of detail of this aggregation is between the aggregations at thelowest level (S) and the intermediate level (M) of Statistics Canada’s finaldemand.14

TABLE 8Classification of investment categories

No. Investment category1 Machinery and equipment

Farm and related industries2 Machinery and equipment

Mines, quarries and oil wells industries3 Machinery and equipment

Manufacturing industries4 Machinery and equipment

Construction industries5 Machinery and equipment

Service industries6 Machinery and equipment

Public administration7 Construction

Farm and related industries8 Construction

Mines, quarries and oil wells industries9 Construction

Manufacturing industries10 Construction

Construction industries11 Construction

Service industries12 Construction

Housing industries13 Construction

Public administration14 Changes in inventories



A N A G G R E G A T E D S O C I A L A C C O U N T I N G M A T R I X

25

PART IV. AN AGGREGATED SOCIALACCOUNTING MATRIX

Because of confidentiality of the data used in the SAM, we will present, forillustration purposes, an aggregated version of the bi-regional SAM used in theGEMFQ (see appendix B). Even if the detail level is lower, the structure isidentical to the complete version of the SAM. For this reason, we will not providehere a detailled desciption. Howewer, we will review some aspects that weconsider important.

First of all, in the aggregated SAM, households are only classified by totalincome instead of using the type of household, the age of the reference personand the household income as classification criteria. Their personal expendituresare presented for durable good, non durable goods and services.

In the case of governements, we only keep the distinction between revenus,expenditures and transfers. Also, in the aggregated SAM, the Québec PensionPlan is aggregated within the Québec governement and the Canadian PensionPlan within the fédéral governement.

Finally, concerning commodities, we will consider only two categories, goodans services. Services produced by non-commercial branch are included in theservice category.

C O N C L U S I O N

27

CONCLUSION

A social accounting matrix is an accounting framework that makes it possibleto present in a consistent way the revenues and expenditures of various agentsof an economy. This database combines many sources of data including input-output tables, surveys of households and the national accounts. In addition, asocial accounting matrix is not just a statistical tool but also both amicroeconomic and a macroeconomic instrument used to calibrate generalequilibrium models. In addition, it provides the reference situation forcomparison with the results of simulations carried out using these models.

The SAM of the GEMFQ, because of its bi-regional structure, provides adetailed description of the economies of Québec and of ROC as well as theinteractions between the two regions for base year 1996. The structure and levelof disaggregation of the SAM have been adapted to reflect specific needs, interms of modelling, of the ministère des Finances du Québec, the availabilityand accuracy of data and certain realities of the Canadian economy.

LIST OF TABLES

29

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 General structure of the SAM................................................ 3

TABLE 2 Consolidated federal government .......................................... 5

TABLE 3 Categories of labour according to the 1980 OccupationalClassification ................................................................. 15

TABLE 4 Household disaggregation criteria ........................................ 16

TABLE 5 Classification of production activity branches.......................... 19

TABLE 6 Classification of personal expenditures.................................. 20

TABLE 7 Classification of goods and services ...................................... 21

TABLE 8 Classification of investment categories.................................. 23

APPENDICES

31

APPENDIX A: FORMAT OF THE SOCIALACCOUNTING MATRIX

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Households Firms Fed. gov. in Qué.

Prov. and local gov.

Domestic demand

Exports to ROC

Internat. exports

1

Wages of the federal public

service in québec and

depreciation of capital in Québec

Wages of the public service

and depreciation of

capital

Remunaration of labour and

return on capital

2 Households Labour incomeTransfers

among households

Transfers to Québec

households

Transfers to Québec

households

3 Firms

Return on capital (other than royalties

and depreciation)

4 Fed. gov. in Qué.

Royalties on natural

ressources

Income tax and transfers from individuals to

the state

Corporate income tax

Para-fiscal charges on

payroll LESS subsidies

Federal indirect taxes

(GST and others)

Federal indirect taxes on

international exports

5 Prov. and local gov.


ressources


the state


Transfers to the Québec government

Transfers to local

government

HSF contributions +

para-fiscal charges on

payroll + tax on capital +

property taxes LESS subsidies

(in particular, ITR)

Provincial indirect taxes

(QST and others)

Provincial indirect taxes on


6Production for

domestic market

Exports to ROC

International exports

7 Domestic demand

Consumption expenditures

Current expenditures in

Québec


Québec

Intermediate inputs

8 Exports to ROC

9 Internat. exports

Qué

bec

Factors

Agents

Branches

Products

QuébecAgents

BranchesFactorsProducts


32

Format of the social accounting matrix (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Households Firms Fed. gov. in Qué.

Prov. and local gov.

Domestic demand

Exports to ROC

Internat. exports

10

11 HouseholdsWages paid to

residents of ROC

Transfers to ROC

households

12 Firms


14

15 Domestic demand

16 Exports to Québec

Imports from ROC

17 Internat. exports

18Interest on consumer

loans (transfer portion)

Interest, dividends and indep. busi.

income

19 DepreciationSavings of

Québec households

Savings of firms in Québec (retained

earn.)

Savings of Qué. gov. and

local gov.

20Savings of the federal gov. in

Québec

21 Transfers to ROW

International transfers

Imports from ROW

Supr

a-re

gion

al

Interest and dividends

Accum.

ROW

Consolidated fed. gov.

Res

t of C

anad

a

Factors

Agents

Branches

Products

QuébecAgents

BranchesFactorsProducts

APPENDICES

33


10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Households Firms Prov. and local gov.

Domestic demand

Exports to

Québec

Internat. exports

1

2 Households Wages paid to Qué. residents

Transfers to Qué.

households


income

Transfers to Québec income

3 Firms

4 Fed. gov. in Qué.


Interest received and dividends of government corporations

6

7 Domestic demand

Investment expenditures

in Qué.

8 Exports to ROC

Imports from Qué.

9 Internat. exports

Exports from Qué. to ROW

Qué

bec

Factors

Agents

Branches

Products

Products

Supra-regional


Accu-mulation

Consolidated fed. gov. ROW

Rest of Canada

Factors

Agents

Branches


34


10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Households Firms Prov. and local gov.

Domestic demand

Exports to

Québec

Internat. exports

10

Wages of public

services and depreciation of capital of prov. and local gov.

Remuneration of labour and

return on capital

Wages of fed. public service in

ROC and depreciation of capital in ROC

11 Households Labour income

Transfers among

households

Transfers to ROC

households


income

Transfers to ROC households

Transfers to ROC

households

12 Firms

Return on capital (other than royalties

and depreciation)



resources


the state


Transfers to ROC local

gov.

Tax on payroll + on capital +

property LESS

subsidies

Provincial indirect taxes

Provincial indirect taxes on



Transfers to ROC prov. and

local gov.

14Production

for the domestic market

Exports to Québec

International exports

15 Domestic demand

Consumption expenditures

Current expenditures

in ROC

Intermediate inputs

Invest. expenditures

in ROC


ROC

16 Exports to Québec

17 Internat. exports

Exports from ROC to ROW

18Interest on consumers

loans (transfer portion)

Interest, dividends and indep.

busi. income

Income from investments

abroad

19Savings of

ROC households

Saving of ROC firms (retained

earn.)

Savings of ROC prov.

and local gov.

Total savings of fed. gov.

LESS: Balance of

trade of Canada with

ROW

20Royalties of

natural resources


the state


Para-fiscal charges on

payroll LESS subsidies

Federal indirect taxes

Federal indirect taxes on



21 Transfers to ROW


Imports from ROW


income


Res

t of C

anad

a

Factors

Agents

Branches

Products

Products


Accum.

ROW

Consolidated fed. gov.

Sup

ra-r

egio

nal

Supra-regional


Accu-mulation

Consolidated fed. gov. ROW

Rest of Canada

Factors

Agents

Branches

APPENDICES

35

APPENDIX B: THE SOCIAL ACCOUNTINGMATRIX OF THE GEMFQ(AGGREGATED VERSION)

The social accounting matrix of the GEMFQ (aggregated version)(in thousand of dollars)

TotalFirms Firms Accumulation

Labor 26 467 137 34 490 301 25 196 562 86 154 000Capital 24 546 845 30 071 304 3 833 851 58 452 000

less than 15 000 $ 1 341 927 719 309 4 458 571 6 631 852 1 170 25 654 1 143 971 189 096 14 511 550from 15 000 $ to 25 000 $ 3 973 722 899 163 2 442 355 1 850 983 210 75 968 2 520 912 101 241 11 864 554from 25 000 $ to 35 000 $ 6 794 852 924 471 1 591 365 1 201 928 115 129 900 1 911 187 40 543 12 594 361from 35 000 $ to 60 000 $ 26 050 614 2 581 245 2 611 624 1 859 015 270 498 009 5 473 705 67 158 39 141 640from 60 000 $ to 85 000 $ 20 389 246 1 523 420 916 610 709 260 132 389 776 2 946 821 70 275 26 945 54085 000 $ and more 27 603 639 4 324 392 728 475 666 962 103 527 693 9 063 404 34 687 42 949 355

Firms Firms 37 112 000 37 112 000

Revenues 78 469 439 136 759 342 3 115 972 2 634 454 5 516 627 4 038 000 29 312 000 460 000 1 165 174 1 533 329 1 324 763 619 416 384 516 3 623 521 1 084 678 492 961 76 863 602 456 6 544 39 779 1 102 000 695 000 59 105 000Transfers 12 749 000 12 749 000Expenditures 6 735 000 6 735 000

Revenues 189 000 94 263 436 292 768 932 3 595 423 3 188 475 6 423 615 1 844 000 8 109 000 36 159 000 19 000 2 906 585 3 685 986 2 266 207 918 562 1 077 376 384 760 3 886 885 2 346 706 538 291 71 058 115 584 2 822 000 81 847 000Transfers 12 920 000 12 920 000Expenditures 30 594 000 30 594 000

Revenues 18 403 8 591 6 574 62 648 37 968 61 816 107 000 7 051 000 6 698 000 1 122 333 5 010 228 308 439 257 000 20 750 000Transfers 2 000 2 000Expenditures 14 023 000 14 023 000

Producing goods 67 578 607 2 670 933 23 092 187 504 007 45 525 552 145 481 139 516 767Producing services 1 693 846 120 198 578 422 182 9 991 398 668 292 6 532 411 139 506 707Non commercial 861 936 49 452 479 18 776 169 413 18 886 309 457 50 830 947

Durable goods1 2 382 180 2 551 774 2 297 780 7 409 083 4 525 037 6 933 561 26 099 415Non durable goods 4 885 872 3 227 235 2 972 245 8 330 313 4 829 791 5 071 244 29 316 700Services 7 327 556 5 141 997 5 042 532 13 942 879 9 092 623 12 718 298 53 265 885

Goods 67 933 757 22 559 269 4 609 351 95 102 377Services 15 374 936 42 156 290 13 291 774 70 823 000

Goods 22 791 951 29 316 700 2 099 496 54 208 147Services 3 307 464 50 247 827 53 555 291

Goods 10 936 226 15 696 547 959 000 27 591 773Services 1 427 643 1 427 643

Goods 82 984 339 31 257 793 24 659 393 37 36 299 138 937 861Services 6 735 000 23 089 000 12 424 000 10 421 246 70 053 724 15 439 948 50 123 907 1 901 128 1 279 722 3 172 626 515 158 14 622 195 170 081

Goods 23 533 182 23 533 182Services 10 664 818 10 664 818

Goods 49 461 434 49 461 434Services 7 502 507 7 502 507

Goods 3 771 212 3 771 212Services 20 847 20 847

Labor 90 260 331 133 342 986 80 680 683 304 284 000Capital 97 358 649 123 691 202 12 854 149 233 904 000

less than 15 000 $ 3 450 306 1 610 138 11 336 501 1 689 550 14 369 617 3 153 086 400 823 36 010 021from 15 000 $ to 25 000 $ 8 965 610 2 281 500 2 151 102 431 869 9 595 419 6 107 002 215 510 29 748 012from 25 000 $ to 35 000 $ 16 361 889 3 058 314 1 290 840 244 549 7 526 067 7 755 148 138 985 36 375 792from 35 000 $ to 60 000 $ 71 822 944 8 685 568 1 877 127 304 727 11 822 594 18 490 188 232 037 113 235 185from 60 000 $ to 85 000 $ 79 758 288 8 391 732 867 551 146 505 5 375 957 14 880 857 250 978 109 671 86885 000 $ and more 122 277 963 17 292 748 625 879 130 800 3 872 346 30 168 719 311 667 174 680 122

Firms Firms 141 133 000 141 133 000

Revenues 7 209 000 195 144 606 107 1 329 026 6 678 340 7 841 610 18 592 773 8 170 000 101 092 000 166 000 5 047 102 6 589 933 1 369 987 1 101 438 6 902 824 2 418 240 11 981 115 5 489 294 1 884 709 1 942 683 416 20 702 000 10 133 000 226 185 000Transfers 18 149 000 18 149 000Expenditures 83 608 000 83 608 000

Revenues 10 394 6 035 6 359 50 842 50 587 132 783 22 367 000 24 990 000 4 049 238 17 921 873 739 889 20 000 22 000 12 000 531 000 2 225 000 73 135 000Transfers 2 948 000 2 948 000Expenditures 41 959 000 41 959 000

Producing goods 291 011 748 14 579 670 21 835 762 958 048 195 639 544 600 661 524 625 433Producing services 5 820 787 490 411 228 446 840 12 912 658 2 636 453 26 238 027 538 465 993Non commercial 3 669 781 157 138 307 29 211 207 481 74 410 1 194 963 162 314 153

Durable goods1 5 768 533 5 320 884 6 500 750 20 105 168 19 343 711 26 635 639 83 674 685Non durable goods 11 399 874 7 993 824 8 360 772 22 149 700 18 282 576 21 194 554 89 381 300Services 20 183 949 14 549 475 16 674 792 46 900 140 42 565 479 59 755 180 200 629 015

Goods 257 315 844 82 622 330 16 978 249 356 916 423Services 63 992 063 163 755 211 42 967 126 270 714 400

Goods 73 664 149 89 381 300 7 845 404 170 890 853Services 10 010 536 191 682 173 201 692 709

Goods 42 229 874 66 382 353 754 000 109 366 227Services 6 179 357 6 179 357

Goods 310 474 461 96 867 207 98 381 607 20 464 505 743 739Services 64 357 000 39 382 000 37 129 854 266 812 376 49 835 052 192 110 093 7 092 872 5 807 278 18 414 374 2 767 842 44 794 20 584 25 657 000 709 431 119

Goods 22 311 813 22 311 813Services 14 078 187 14 078 187

Goods 216 807 466 216 807 466Services 30 801 493 30 801 493

Goods 12 742 304 12 742 304Services 140 737 140 737

Accumulation Accumulation 21 151 000 -453 078 -149 028 501 234 1 877 235 2 183 009 5 754 628 10 634 000 -21 000 -5 337 000 8 000 85 562 000 -2 076 088 -309 106 447 780 4 006 286 6 956 885 18 366 243 17 953 000 762 000 3 072 000 -19 480 000 -6 046 000 145 364 000

Machinery and equipment 53 166 100 53 166 100Construction 90 484 900 90 484 900Inventories 1 713 000 1 713 000

Revenues 2 114 000 154 624 1 054 017 2 316 849 10 928 172 12 796 919 27 942 419 12 187 000 207 000 6 602 206 10 542 458 6 724 070 2 389 284 1 483 784 12 185 479 4 081 322 2 007 039 370 137 2 007 651 32 349 22 221 121 621 000 7 826 000 2 149 000 249 745 000Transfers 52 691 000 52 691 000

Expenditures 71 009 000 71 009 000

Investment income 150 658 195 846 236 000 715 387 398 009 378 100 9 579 666 7 505 000 1 599 000 337 514 505 828 717 395 2 240 077 1 658 519 1 599 667 61 313 334 19 251 000 2 577 000 45 352 000 21 672 000 177 982 000

Rest of the world 27 227 12 711 9 722 92 700 56 174 91 466 44 334 45 889 203 8 763 360 3 756 590 20 847 36 077 20 948 22 069 176 460 175 582 460 864 189 666 179 700 590 36 604 747 12 697 510 120 153 2 671 000 129 000 50 002 000 341 771 000

86 154 000 58 452 000 14 511 550 11 864 554 12 594 361 39 141 640 26 945 540 42 949 355 37 112 000 59 105 000 12 749 000 6 735 000 81 847 000 12 920 000 30 594 000 20 750 000 2 000 14 023 000 139 516 767 139 506 707 50 830 947 26 099 415 29 316 700 53 265 885 95 102 377 70 823 000 54 208 147 53 555 291 27 591 773 1 427 643 138 937 861 195 170 081 23 533 182 10 664 818 49 461 434 7 502 507 3 771 212 20 847 304 284 000 233 904 000 36 010 021 29 748 012 36 375 792 113 235 185 109 671 868 174 680 122 141 133 000 226 185 000 18 149 000 83 608 000 73 135 000 2 948 000 41 959 000 524 625 433 538 465 993 162 314 153 83 674 685 89 381 300 200 629 015 356 916 423 270 714 400 170 890 853 201 692 709 109 366 227 6 179 357 505 743 739 709 431 119 22 311 813 14 078 187 216 807 466 30 801 493 12 742 304 140 737 145 364 000 53 166 100 90 484 900 1 713 000 249 745 000 52 691 000 71 009 000 177 982 000 341 771 000 8 774 616 000

1 also include semi-durable goods

Investment Consolidated federal government and CPPComposite products Exports to Québec Exports to the ROW Re-exportsInvestment productsHouseholds Federal government and CPP Québec government and QPP Branches Personal expenditureRe-exports Factors Intermediate inputs Consumption productsInvestment products Composite products Exports to the ROC Exports to the ROW

Rest of the world

Factors Households Federal government and CPP Québec government and QPP Local government Branches Personal expenditure Intermediate inputs Consumption products

Revenues Transfers Expenditures Investment incomeAccumulationMachinery and

equipment Construction InventoriesGoods Services Goods ServicesGoods Services Goods ServicesGoods Services Goods ServicesNon durable

goods Services Goods ServicesProducing

goodsProducing servcices

Non commercial Durable goods 1Expenditures Revenues Transfers Expenditures

85 000 $ and more Firms Revenues Transfers

from 15 000 $ to 25 000 $

from 25 000 $ to 35 000 $

from 35 000 $ to 60 000 $

from 60 000 $ to 85 000 $Services Labor Capital

less than 15 000 $Services Goods Services GoodsServices Goods Services GoodsServices Goods Services GoodsDurable goods 1

Non durable goods Services GoodsExpenditures

Producing goods

Producing servcices

Non commercialTransfers Expenditures Revenues TransfersRevenues Transfers Expenditures Revenues

Consolidated federal government and CPP

from 15 000 $ to 25 000 $

from 25 000 $ to 35 000 $

from 35 000 $ to 60 000 $

Factors

Households

Personal expenditure

Intermediate inputs

Consumption products

Investment productss

Investment

less than 15 000 $Labor Capital

Exports to Québec

Exports to the ROW

Re-exports

Composite products

Branches

Re-exports

Provincial governments

Exports to the ROW

Personal expenditure

Intermediate inputs

Consumption products

Québec Reste du Canada Supra-régional

Québec government and QPP

Factors

Households

Federal government and CPP

Firms85 000 $ and

morefrom 60 000 $

to 85 000 $

Supr

a-ré

gion

alQ

uébe

cR

este

du

Can

ada

Total

Local government

Investment products

Composite products

Exports to the ROC

Local governments

Branches

REFERENCES

37

REFERENCES

EL-SAID, Moataz and Sherman ROBINSON (2000), Gams code for estimating asocial accounting matrix using cross entropy methods, International FoodPolicy Research Institute, Discussion Paper 64, December.

LEFEBVRE, Pierre, Francine MAYER and Christiane MORIN (1988), Matrice decomptabilité sociale du Québec 1984: un ensemble de micro-donnéescohérentes pour l’analyse d’équilibre général, Bureau de la statistiquedu Québec, Québec.

DECALUWÉ, Bernard, André LEMELIN, Véronique ROBICHAUD and David BAHAN(2003), General Equilibrium Model of the ministère des Finances duQuébec (GEMFQ): Characteristics and Structure of the Model, ministèredes Finances du Québec, Research Paper 2003-01.

DECALUWÉ, Bernard, André MARTENS and Luc SAVARD (2001), La politiqueéconomique du développement et les modèles d'équilibre généralcalculable, Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal.

ROUND, Jeffery I. (1988) “Incorporating the international, regional, and spatialdimension into a SAM: some methods and applications”, p. 24-45 inHARRIGAN, F., and McGREGOR, P. G. (1988) Recent advances in regionaleconomic modelling, Coll. London Papers in Regional Science, vol. 19,Pion Ltd., London.

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