research on utilization of anatase ( tio2) extracted from ...research on utilization of anatase (...

Research on Utilization of Anatase ( TiO2) Extracted from

Polymetallic Ore for Waste Water Treatment Process

Munkhtsetseg Baatar1+

Enkh-Uyanga Otgon-Uul1 Urangoo Urtnasan

2 Ulziijargal Nanzad

1

Enkhtuvshin Ayush3 Ankhbayar Gelegbadam

1

1Ulaanbaatar State University Mongolia

2Charles Sturt University Australia

3Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics Mongolia

Abstract In this research work we attempt to present research finding on photocatalyst activity of anatase

titanium dioxide that extracted from polymetallic ore in Orkhontuul soum Mongolia which is used for

building a model reactor to treat waste water whereas total bacteria especially E coli dramatically

decreased under UV-A In our study reactor is built with a thin film coated with extracted anatase (TiO2 -

9918) and UV-A which increases photocatalyst activity of anatase In order to test capacity of the reactor

to eliminate total bacteria in waste water including E coli which belongs bacteria group causes intestinal

infection experiments are carried out under UV-A different length of time 10rsquo 40rsquo 60rsquo 80rsquo 100 minutes

Research result shows that total bacteria decreased by 812-878 when TiO2 UV-A reactor at 60rsquo minutes

Keywords anatase titanium dioxide photocatalysis waste water bacteria E coli

1 Introduction

New technology and methods for extracting natural mineral resources especially extraction of pure

substance and metals with high degree of purity and their oxides and salines are emerging in order to meet

high demand at global market However in Mongolia metals and minerals extraction is commonly carried

out on ores with high content of metals or minerals which have a negative impact on the nature in terms of

environmental pollution and misuse of the resources Therefore we have been carried out this research work

on extraction of metal oxide with high degree of purity from polymetallic ore with low content of metals

Polymetallic ores are complex materials containing several metals and metal compositions However

transition metal minerals such as titanium iron can be recovered by the methods leaching minerals from

ores using an acidic solution such as sulfuric acid [1] Titanium dioxide can be produced from high content

of titanium such as an ilimenite mineral which is treated with the sulphuric acid (H2SO4) chemical reaction

(12) follow as

FeTiO3+H2SO4+2(n-1)H2O=TiOSO4∙nH2O+FeSO4+nH2O (1)

TiOSO4+2H2O=TiO2∙H2O+H2SO4 (2)

First of all we determined its optimal condition to extract transition metal by sulphate method [2] and

then titanium dioxide and other minerals have extracted whilst removing related elements during sulphate

processes of the ore sample which has been repeated

Rutile brookite and anatase are different crystalline forms of titanium dioxide which can be found as

mineral in nature Structures characteristics and photo catalyst properties of rutile and anatase are studied

Corresponding author Tel + 976-99157509 fax +976-11-458327

E-mail address munkhtsetsegbusuedumn

International Proceedings of Chemical Biological and Environmental Engineering V0l 100 (2017) DOI 107763IPCBEE 2017 V100 8

47

widely and they can be synthesized in laboratory at low temperature However anatase has higher photo

catalytic properties than rutile[3]

Last decades large numbers of outbreaks occurred in various locations due to waterborne diseases caused

by waste water and contaminated water [4] Therefore it has been one of the major challenges to purify

contaminated water released from industry and domestic uses for scientists Also an increased bacteria

resistance to commonly used disinfectants and chemotherapeutics require to develop new method and

technology for purifying waste water and contaminated water [5]

Titanium dioxide as an anatase has been proven to be useful material for purifying waste water due to its

photo catalytic and semiconductor nature [6]

Matsunaga and his colleagues (1985) have firstly reported disinfecting nature of the photo catalytic

reaction of TiO2 Since then there have been numerous of research works carried out to examine the

effectiveness of the TiO2 on a broad spectrum of bacteria in different conditions [7] The nature of photo

catalytic disinfection of TiO2 lies in its a strong oxidizing power associated with OH radicals [8] and

oxygen that is photo generated which lead to peroxidation of lipid [9] Also other study has proven that

coenzyme A of bacteria or microorganisms are photo oxidized that leads cell death in relation to the TiO2

photo catalytic disinfection [10]

2 Experimental

Materials and methods As a research raw material is polymetallic ore in the Orkhontuul soum

Mongolia has selected This ore is occupied in South East of the Selenge province that is 250 km away from

capital Ulaanbaatar city and 250 km away from center of the province

As a research material waste water have been collected from run off from Ulaanbaatar waste water

plant

On the basic of the laboratory tests a scheme flow sheet for the preparation of TiO2 ore sample has been

proposed involving the following main process milling sulphuric acid leaching calcining hydrochloric acid

leaching water hydrolisis concentrated sulphuric acid decomposition

The sample was milled before leaching process First we determined optimal conditions of sulphuric

acid leaching process In the sulphate process the milled sample is treated with a 93 concentrated

sulphuric acid at 1400С for 10-12 hours where SL ratio is 115 Once sulphate processing completed then it

calcined at 7500С degrees Those processes not shown in Figure 1 It is difficult process to carry out if

polymetallic ore contains silica group minerals and once sulphate processing takes place where metal

minerals in the ore are formed sulphate forms and at sametime as soluble rate increases the process turns out

to become much easy Once sulphate process has carried on polymetallic ore which contained silica group

minerals then has calcined at 7500С

After sulphurization and calcining process we are dissoluted the sample in a water with +20C

temperature and then separated solid and liquid phase Resulphurization process repeated again the solid

phase in 900С degrees and separated solid and liquid phase Solid phase is treated with a 20 concentrated

hydrochloric acid for 15 hours whereas acid leaching has taken place whereas iron ionic is in liquid phase

Process to separate solid and liquid phases repeated again and a separated solid phase is treated with 87

concentrated H2SO4 for 6 hours and then hydrolysis process has carried on at 700С for 15 hours in order to

remove silica oxide

At the next stage 01 moll EDTA solution was added to titanium sulphate solutions The solution was

heated to 900C for 90 min The precipitate was filtered washed with deionized water and dried in air at room

temperature [2] The powder was calcined at different temperatures 6000С for 4 hours Recrystallization

process carried out in order to increase purity of titanum dioxides Figure 1

It is well known that EDTA plays a key role in improving the purity Therefore we used EDTA for

improving the purity of TiO2 particles and EDTA was introduced as an additive to precipitate the

precipitation of Fe3+

during the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate chemical reaction (34) follow as

48

EDTA+4OH-=EDTA

4-+4H2O (3)

[Fe(H2O)6]3+

(aq)+EDTA4-

(aq)=[Fe(EDTA)]-(aq)+6H2O (4)

Chemical analysis of the selected polymetallic ore sample and extracted titanum oxides are accurately

studied and computed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and full reflecting X-ray

flourescence (XRF) spectrometer minerals analysis determinate by X-ray diffractometer (Enraf Nonius

Delft) and mineral morphology structure by Hitachi TM-1000 SEM-EDX a device for analytical method

Fig 1 The experimental process of titanium dioxides from polymetallic ore and concentrate

Total bacteria assessed by the Plate Count Agar (PCA) method and E coli bacteria assessed by test kit

(DOH11) for coliform bacteria in water which is commonly used to detect coliform bacteria in drinking

water [11]

3 Results and Discussion

In the result of the chemical analysis of the polymetallic ore macro elements such as an iron (Fe-

2812) aluminium (Al-95) titanium (Ti-084) magnesium (Mg-061) potassium (K-057)

calcium (Ca-071) contents are determined by ICP-MS method (Table 1) and quartz (SiO2) of silica group

anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) albite (NaAlSi3O8) magnetite (Fe3O4) minerals detected by X-ray phase analysis of

the sample Figure 2

The experimental result is shown extracted titanium hydroxide is calcined at 6000С for 4 hours to extract

titanium oxide and X-ray phase analysis carried on to determine crystall structure As a result of the X-ray

phase analysis titanium oxide at 6000C Figure 3

49

Table 1 Some macro elements chemical content of polymetallic ore sample ()

Elements Al Ca Fe K Mg P Ti

Polymetallic orersquos

sample () 95 071 2812 057 061 003 084

Fig 2 X-ray diffractograms of the polymetallic ore

Fig 3 X-ray diffractogram of the extracted titanium dioxide TiO2

Chemical properties of the extracted titanium oxide in the anatase minerals of the titanium oxide

extracted at 6000С has studied by the analystical method X-ray flourescence According to the result of the

X-ray flourescence analytical method macro elements content in sample is 10014 which contains

titanium oxide 9918 barium oxide 005 iron oxide 006 sulfur oxide 077 and silicon oxide 008

respectively Table 2

Table 2Chemical contents of the extracted anatase mineral

Content

SiO2 TiO2 BaO Fe2O3 SO3 Total

008 9918 005 006 077 10014

When a morphology structure of the extracted anatase mineral is studied by SEM-EDX analysis finding

presents that the titanium oxide anatase has tetragonal crystal stucture and contains many polycrystals which

shown at Figure 4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

AlQQ

Inte

nsi

ty

Q-Quartz SiO2

An-Anorthite CaAl2Si

2O

8

Al-Albite Na[AlSi3O

8]

M-Magnetite Fe3O

4

QQ

Q

An

Al

MMM

Q

AlAl

An

2theta degree

50

Fig 4 Morphology structure of extracted anatase mineral

Structure of extracted anatase is studied by the TEM and results are shown in Figures 5a and 5b

Fig 5 TiO2 TEM images to obtained from polymetallic ore

a) 20 nm b) 100 nm

We have attempted to construct a compact and portable water prurification reactor model 21 after

defining purity of the titanium dioxide extracted from mineral As a result of the attempt we successfully

consructed the reactor model with tube contains thin film with 108914 cm2

surface coated by titanium

dioxide and UV-A light and quartz tube Figure 6

Fig 6 TiO2 UV-A waste water purification reactor 2l model

a) Draft picture of reactor structure b) Constructed reactor

Titanium dioxide thin film with S= 108914 см2 whereas used m=028g TiO2 g=02610

-3gmсм

2

We carried out experiment 36 times at different lenght of times 10rsquo 40rsquo 60rsquo 80rsquo 100rsquo minutes in order

to test capacity of the reactor to eliminate total bacteria Figure 7 The mean of experiments shows that at 60rsquo

minutes bacteria decreased by 812 - 877 in TiO2 UV-A reactor

Increase in bacteria has been recognized from 80rsquo minutes in 90 percent of total numbers of experiments

and we assume that bacteria are building up resistance to photo catalytic disinfectant

a

20 nm 100 nm

b

b

b

a

51

Fig 7 Total bacterium experiments result depends on time

We will carry out further study on resistance developing bacteria However E coli bacteria belong to

intestinal infection causing bacteria group shown dramatic decrease in 40rsquo 60rsquo 80rsquo 100rsquo minutes

experiments It proves that E coli bacteria donrsquot develop resistance towards photo catalytic TiO2 under UV-

A Beside carrying out analysis of bacteria elimination capacity of waste water purification reactor we have

analyzed residue of waste water treated in different radiation time durations

The results show that waste water purification reactor TiO2 UV-A minimises microelements and heavy

metals content in waste water by 1225 ndash 3636 at 60rsquo minutes which shown in Figure 8

Fig 8 Content of microelements in waste water treated in TiO2 UV-A

a) 0-10 ppm content b) 10-90 ppm content c) 150-650 ppm content d) 2000-5000 ppm content

4 Conclusion

1 First time we carried out research work on extraction of titanium dioxide (TiO2) from polymetallic

ore with low content of Ti in Mongolia using sulphurization and recrystalization process and on

utilization of extracted titanium dioxide for purifying waste water By doing we attemp to show a

possibility of utilization of certain natural resources in sustainable way and developing sustainable

use of resources

2 Anatase mineral with 9918 titanium dioxide (TiO2) has extracted from ore and placed with UV-A

in the reactor to purify waste water

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

Waste

water10

min40

min60

min80

min100

min

Total bacterium

0 20 40 60 80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

ucroele

men

ts (

pp

m)

Ag

As

Hg

Mo

Pb

Sb

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ba

Cr

Cu

U

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

B

Sr

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

P

Mn

con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

a b

c d

52

3 Experiment carried out at different time length 10rsquo 40rsquo 60rsquo 80rsquo100 minutes and at 60rsquo minutes

bacteria E coli belongs to intestinal infection causing bacteria group decreased by 812-878

4 Waste water purification reactor UVA-TiO2 has decreased microelements and heavy metals content

in waste water residue by 1225 ndash 3636 at 60rsquo minutes

5 We work forward to contribute in development of waste water purification reactor while carrying on

further studies

5 Acknowledgements

The research funding was provided by the L2766-MON Higher Education Reform project financed by

the Asian Development Bank and executed by the Ministry of Education Culture Science and Sports of

Mongolia

6 REFERENCES

[1] J Zoumei LWang H Zhou Zh Duan ldquoTitanium Extract and Processrdquo The Mineral Metals amp Materials Society

pg 122-128 1997

[2] O Enkh-Uyanga B Munkhtsetseg ldquoChemical analysis of to obtain titanium dioxide from polymetallic orerdquo

JUniversity of Science and Technology Bulletin12 рр 83-90 2015

[3] P Ju-Young LChanghoon J Kwang-Woo and J Dongwoon Jung ldquoStructure Related Photocatalytic Properties

of TiO2rdquo Bull Korean Chem Soc Vol 30 No2 pp 402-404 2009

[4] WHO World Health Organization 2016 Drinking water Fact sheet

httpwwwwhointmediacentrefactsheetsfs391en

[5] B Silvia B Sara MFrancesca S Alberto and C Elisabetta ldquoPhotocatalyst bacterial inactivation by TiO2 ndashcoated

surfacesrdquo AMB Express Journal 3159 2013

[6] G Joanne and Zh Zisheng ldquoApplications of photocatalytic Disinfectionrdquo International Journal of Photoenergy

Vol 2010 Article ID 764870 pp 11 doi1011552010764870

[7] T Matsunaga R Tomada T Nakajima H Wake ldquoPhotochemical sterilization of microbial cells by

semiconductor powdersrdquo FEMS Microbiol Lett 29pp 211-214 1985

[8] M Cho H Chung W Choi J Yoon ldquoLinear correlation between inactivation of E coli and OH radical

concentration in TiO2 photocatalytic disinfectionrdquo Water Res 38 pp 1069-1077 2004

[9] J Kiwi V NadtochenkordquoEvidence for the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of the bacterial wall

membrane at the TiO2 interface by atr-ftir and laser kinetic spectroscopyrdquo Langmuir 21 pp 4631-4641 2005

[10] AVohra D Y Goswami D A Deshpande S S Block ldquoEnhanced photocatalytic inactivation of bacterial spores

on surface in airrdquo Journal Ind Microbiol Biot 32 рp 364-370 2005

[11] Test Kit for Coliform Bacteria in Water (DOH11) httpasianmediccomwater-test-kitcoli102orm-bacteria-in-

water-rohtml

53

widely and they can be synthesized in laboratory at low temperature However anatase has higher photo

catalytic properties than rutile[3]

Last decades large numbers of outbreaks occurred in various locations due to waterborne diseases caused

by waste water and contaminated water [4] Therefore it has been one of the major challenges to purify

contaminated water released from industry and domestic uses for scientists Also an increased bacteria

resistance to commonly used disinfectants and chemotherapeutics require to develop new method and

technology for purifying waste water and contaminated water [5]

Titanium dioxide as an anatase has been proven to be useful material for purifying waste water due to its

photo catalytic and semiconductor nature [6]

Matsunaga and his colleagues (1985) have firstly reported disinfecting nature of the photo catalytic

reaction of TiO2 Since then there have been numerous of research works carried out to examine the

effectiveness of the TiO2 on a broad spectrum of bacteria in different conditions [7] The nature of photo

catalytic disinfection of TiO2 lies in its a strong oxidizing power associated with OH radicals [8] and

oxygen that is photo generated which lead to peroxidation of lipid [9] Also other study has proven that

coenzyme A of bacteria or microorganisms are photo oxidized that leads cell death in relation to the TiO2

photo catalytic disinfection [10]

2 Experimental

Materials and methods As a research raw material is polymetallic ore in the Orkhontuul soum

Mongolia has selected This ore is occupied in South East of the Selenge province that is 250 km away from

capital Ulaanbaatar city and 250 km away from center of the province

As a research material waste water have been collected from run off from Ulaanbaatar waste water

plant

On the basic of the laboratory tests a scheme flow sheet for the preparation of TiO2 ore sample has been

proposed involving the following main process milling sulphuric acid leaching calcining hydrochloric acid

leaching water hydrolisis concentrated sulphuric acid decomposition

The sample was milled before leaching process First we determined optimal conditions of sulphuric

acid leaching process In the sulphate process the milled sample is treated with a 93 concentrated

sulphuric acid at 1400С for 10-12 hours where SL ratio is 115 Once sulphate processing completed then it

calcined at 7500С degrees Those processes not shown in Figure 1 It is difficult process to carry out if

polymetallic ore contains silica group minerals and once sulphate processing takes place where metal

minerals in the ore are formed sulphate forms and at sametime as soluble rate increases the process turns out

to become much easy Once sulphate process has carried on polymetallic ore which contained silica group

minerals then has calcined at 7500С

After sulphurization and calcining process we are dissoluted the sample in a water with +20C

temperature and then separated solid and liquid phase Resulphurization process repeated again the solid

phase in 900С degrees and separated solid and liquid phase Solid phase is treated with a 20 concentrated

hydrochloric acid for 15 hours whereas acid leaching has taken place whereas iron ionic is in liquid phase

Process to separate solid and liquid phases repeated again and a separated solid phase is treated with 87

concentrated H2SO4 for 6 hours and then hydrolysis process has carried on at 700С for 15 hours in order to

remove silica oxide

At the next stage 01 moll EDTA solution was added to titanium sulphate solutions The solution was

heated to 900C for 90 min The precipitate was filtered washed with deionized water and dried in air at room

temperature [2] The powder was calcined at different temperatures 6000С for 4 hours Recrystallization

process carried out in order to increase purity of titanum dioxides Figure 1

It is well known that EDTA plays a key role in improving the purity Therefore we used EDTA for

improving the purity of TiO2 particles and EDTA was introduced as an additive to precipitate the

precipitation of Fe3+

during the hydrolysis of titanium sulphate chemical reaction (34) follow as

48

EDTA+4OH-=EDTA

4-+4H2O (3)

[Fe(H2O)6]3+

(aq)+EDTA4-









water [11]






the sample Figure 2




49




sample () 95 071 2812 057 061 003 084









Content


008 9918 005 006 077 10014



shown at Figure 4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

AlQQ

Inte

nsi

ty

Q-Quartz SiO2


2O

8

Al-Albite Na[AlSi3O

8]

M-Magnetite Fe3O

4

QQ

Q

An

Al

MMM

Q

AlAl

An

2theta degree

50




a) 20 nm b) 100 nm









-3gmсм

2






a

20 nm 100 nm

b

b

b

a

51











4 Conclusion





use of resources



0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

Waste

water10

min40

min60

min80

min100

min

Total bacterium

0 20 40 60 80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

ucroele

men

ts (

pp

m)

Ag

As

Hg

Mo

Pb

Sb

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ba

Cr

Cu

U

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

B

Sr

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

P

Mn

con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

a b

c d

52






further studies

5 Acknowledgements



Mongolia

6 REFERENCES


pg 122-128 1997




















water-rohtml

53

EDTA+4OH-=EDTA

4-+4H2O (3)

[Fe(H2O)6]3+

(aq)+EDTA4-









water [11]






the sample Figure 2




49




sample () 95 071 2812 057 061 003 084









Content


008 9918 005 006 077 10014



shown at Figure 4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

AlQQ

Inte

nsi

ty

Q-Quartz SiO2


2O

8

Al-Albite Na[AlSi3O

8]

M-Magnetite Fe3O

4

QQ

Q

An

Al

MMM

Q

AlAl

An

2theta degree

50




a) 20 nm b) 100 nm









-3gmсм

2






a

20 nm 100 nm

b

b

b

a

51











4 Conclusion





use of resources



0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

Waste

water10

min40

min60

min80

min100

min

Total bacterium

0 20 40 60 80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

ucroele

men

ts (

pp

m)

Ag

As

Hg

Mo

Pb

Sb

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ba

Cr

Cu

U

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

B

Sr

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

P

Mn

con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

a b

c d

52






further studies

5 Acknowledgements



Mongolia

6 REFERENCES


pg 122-128 1997




















water-rohtml

53




sample () 95 071 2812 057 061 003 084









Content


008 9918 005 006 077 10014



shown at Figure 4

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

AlQQ

Inte

nsi

ty

Q-Quartz SiO2


2O

8

Al-Albite Na[AlSi3O

8]

M-Magnetite Fe3O

4

QQ

Q

An

Al

MMM

Q

AlAl

An

2theta degree

50




a) 20 nm b) 100 nm









-3gmсм

2






a

20 nm 100 nm

b

b

b

a

51











4 Conclusion





use of resources



0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

Waste

water10

min40

min60

min80

min100

min

Total bacterium

0 20 40 60 80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

ucroele

men

ts (

pp

m)

Ag

As

Hg

Mo

Pb

Sb

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ba

Cr

Cu

U

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

B

Sr

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

P

Mn

con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

a b

c d

52






further studies

5 Acknowledgements



Mongolia

6 REFERENCES


pg 122-128 1997




















water-rohtml

53




a) 20 nm b) 100 nm









-3gmсм

2






a

20 nm 100 nm

b

b

b

a

51











4 Conclusion





use of resources



0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

Waste

water10

min40

min60

min80

min100

min

Total bacterium

0 20 40 60 80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

ucroele

men

ts (

pp

m)

Ag

As

Hg

Mo

Pb

Sb

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ba

Cr

Cu

U

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

B

Sr

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

P

Mn

con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

a b

c d

52






further studies

5 Acknowledgements



Mongolia

6 REFERENCES


pg 122-128 1997




















water-rohtml

53











4 Conclusion





use of resources



0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

Waste

water10

min40

min60

min80

min100

min

Total bacterium

0 20 40 60 80

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

ucroele

men

ts (

pp

m)

Ag

As

Hg

Mo

Pb

Sb

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Ba

Cr

Cu

U

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

B

Sr

Con

ten

t of

som

e m

icro

elem

ents

(p

pm

)

Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

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P

Mn

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Time (min)

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52






further studies

5 Acknowledgements



Mongolia

6 REFERENCES


pg 122-128 1997




















water-rohtml

53






further studies

5 Acknowledgements



Mongolia

6 REFERENCES


pg 122-128 1997




















water-rohtml

53

research on utilization of anatase ( tio2) extracted from ...research on utilization of anatase (...

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