research on mindset of youth towards part time jobs in india

1. BACKGROUND

Education and training are essential for young people to enter the labour market

successfully as they increase their potential productivity and employability. In

developed economies, education also serves as a shield against unemployment

for many youth, and there is a strong link between educational attainment and

employment outcomes. In particular, individuals with primary education or less

often have the highest unemployment rates, and fare worse than those with

higher levels of education at times of crisis.

According to the US Bureau of Labour Statistics, the US had 27 million part-time

workers in June 2009, of which only 30 per cent were working for economic

reasons (slack business conditions or unable to find fulltime work). At Wal-Mart,

the world’s largest retailer, part-time US workers make up 25-30 per cent of the

workforce which enables the store to deploy workers more effectively to meet the

peaks and valleys of business in their stores.

Part-time jobs are a win-win situation for the employers and employees. The

employers benefit by enjoying more flexibility in the staffing of stores, both in

numbers and skills, and the employees benefit by supplementing their incomes

without taking on full-time work.

But unlike the developed economies, Indians have mostly looked down on

voluntary part-time jobs, especially those involving less ‘cranial’ effort.

Children in India tend to have higher and longer dependency on their parents.

They are not encouraged to earn or work before the ‘completion’ of their studies

because of social norms. However, this is slowly changing. The younger

generation does not want to wait to own desired gadgets and lifestyle products,

and one way to quickly get these is by supplementing their pocket-money with

part-time jobs. Extra income, added experience and the kick of freedom is what

drives them.

Research by Devendra Gupta and Pramod Kr. Dey

Fast food chains like McDonald’s and Pizza Hut started this trend by recruiting

well-educated students from ‘respectable’ families for their front-end. Another

example is the Oxford Book Store which offers summer jobs for students who are

avid readers, as they understand the market trend and reading habits of

customers better. But this is still rare in India.


2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

In developed countries the youth is self-dependent and they respect every job,

but in India the population looks down upon certain set of jobs and employment.

Even when they are able to support themselves and are capable of managing

both they are hesitant towards doing those jobs. This has resulted in lack of

working skills in the youth and recent studies have concluded that a majority of

the educated youth have only bookish knowledge and are not fit for employment.


3. OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Primary –

To find out the willingness of the youth to do a part-time job.

3.2 Secondary –

To find out the possible reasons why the educated youth of India have a

particular mindset about certain jobs and what are the social stigmas attached to

them.

To find the causes for the educated youth in India to be looking down upon part-

time and low-paying jobs


4. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

There are a lot of students in foreign countries who earn to support themselves

better while studying but in India the majority of the college going students are

ashamed of taking up these kinds of part time jobs. Part time jobs like newspaper

distribution, social worker, domestic help etc can earn a considerable amount of

money for the students.

This is not something to be proud of instead students should be ashamed that

they look down upon such jobs and do not help their guardian or the society.

In the following research we have adapted the mode of Exploratory and

Descriptive research methodologies. The target population comprises of

undergraduate students of well-known colleges of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar

city. Through the research we have tried to find the mindset and approach of our

target population towards these kinds of part time jobs and the small time earning

they are getting through it.

The instruments used by us for conducting the research are well structured

questionnaire, group discussions among the target population and personal

interviews.

We have used statistical data analysis and interpretation tools like;

1. Bar Graphs& pie charts

2. Pivot tables and charts

The expected outcome of the proposed research will be :

1. Percentage of individuals willing to take up part time jobs

2. We will get the mindset of the youth about certain stigmas attached to jobs

like that of a waiter, shop-attendant, delivery boy or the like.

3. We will get to know about the reasons behind the social stigma attached

to the above mentioned jobs (financial, family, caste system).


5. HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION

H1 – Major part of the youth is willing to do part-time job.

H0 - Major part of the youth is not willing to do part-time job.

H1 - µ = 60%

H0 - µ ≤ 60%


6. LITERATURE REVIEW

6.1 PART-TIME JOB OVERVIEW

It is often said that the future of a country lies in the hands of its youth. The

validity of the statement can be clearly understood if we consider the economic

scenarios of India and USA. While the latter is unarguably considered to be one

of the most powerful economies and is looked upon as a dominant force in

deciding market trends, the former continues to be labeled as a developing

nation. This is because the youth of India clearly lags behind when compared to

their American counterparts. This prompts the question: what difference lies

between the two? Let us try to find that out.

The Difference in Social Mindset Can you imagine a young Indian, pursuing his

medical or engineering degree, working part-time as a waiter or bartender in this

country in spite of belonging to a financially stable family? The answer would be

a resounding no. This is because Indians have many prejudices one of which is

not doing a job that is supposedly not suited for an educated man.

There are certain stigmas attached to jobs like that of a waiter, shop-attendant,

delivery boy or the like.

What happens is that the Indian youth loses out on various opportunities in the

bargain by clinging on to such age-old beliefs and thought processes.

In Developed Countries, in contrast, respect all kinds of work. That is the reason

why every young guy in the US does mundane jobs while studying in high school

or college. It not only helps them to earn their own pocket money but also

enables them to become independent at a very early age and gain work

experience. The course curricula are also designed in such a manner so as to

allow and encourage involvement in part-time jobs for youngsters. An individual


finds it a cakewalk to balance the two thereby becoming more proficient and

competent in the process.

India is a country in transition. Historical, socio-economic and cultural factors

strongly influence Indian HRM and talent mind-set. But Indians are yet to develop

such a liberal attitude towards working at cafes and restaurants while being a

student. It is not seen in a positive light in this country because of which the

youth of India remains largely inexperienced in spite of holding good degrees.

Though the attitude of youngsters in India has undergone a significant change in

the last couple of years owing to wide exposure to the Western culture, they

usually face opposition from their families when they try to avoid toeing the line

and chart a new course. The situation is worse in areas like the northeast where

part-time income opportunities are not even existent.

It is true that the Indian government too offers several scholarship programs and

educational loans especially for the youth of the country. However, the process

of acquiring them is often cumbersome. Also, such facilities are primarily

enjoyed by city-based youths. Youngsters belonging to comparatively

undeveloped regions like the northeast are hardly exposed to such opportunities.

In India, It is excruciatingly difficult for a young individual to shift to a different

field in this country. This restricts the scope of a person and inhibits his growth.

Since the youth alone has the ability to drive a nation towards progress and

advancement, adequate steps must be taken to make them at par with the youth

brigade of the US whether in terms of education or employment opportunities.

Even after 63yrs of independence India is still not able to provide adequate jobs

to its youth. Approximately 10 to 15 million jobs are expected to be created by

next year, in which 75% will require vocational training. If not addressed properly

it can lead to a slowdown in the country's economic growth.


6.2 Generational Differences

After India gained independence in 1947, the government resorted to

protectionism in order to nurture the country’s fledgling industries. The job

opportunities were limited, and working for the government was considered very

prestigious by people of what are now known as the Traditionalist and Baby

Boom generations. There was a high degree of loyalty, and therefore, people

used to work and retire from the same job. The critical HR issues of today—such

as performance management, employee motivation and retention, career and

succession planning—were never considered. This situation drastically changed

after the government liberalized the economy in 1991 and allowed foreign

competition. Domestic organizations were forced to raise the bar by improving

their products and services to compete with global organizations. Today, many

people in the Baby Boom generation are close to retirement, and Indian

companies are now largely filled with Gen X and Gen Y workers. Unlike Western

nations, retirement of the Baby Boomers may not create a shortage of workers in

India since census reports have estimated that by 2020, 50% of the population

will be below 25 years of age. However, organizations are more likely to face a

greater and more serious problem of employability rather than availability, since

there continues to be a huge gap between the quality of talent produced by the

educational institutions and the type of skills required by global organizations.

The modernization of education is a very important factor in maintaining a

competitive and sustainable workforce in the future.

As such, India’s government, industry and industry bodies are already working

toward this objective.

A number of key factors influence talent mindset in Indian HRM. Demographics

and education have a strong impact, along with changes in views among the


younger generations. Ms. de Roze points out that today’s youth have high

aspirations and are brand-conscious. Talent at all levels is relatively young,

highly driven and very focused. She explains that young Indian workers today

want to work in organizations that have a brand name and are well-respected.

Many seek companies with international talent and opportunities to train or work

on overseas assignments.

They want more independence in assignments, freedom in choice and fast-track

careers. Compensation, professional development and growth are very

important.

Educationists and the authorities have miserably failed to harness the youth to

useful land nation building activities. Education must build the nation through

such men and women who are mentally alert, physically sound, morally and

spiritually awake. Our future prosperity and welfare of the nation depends upon

the kind of education we impart to our young generation and what use they make

of it?

In the first place of the system of education requires Complete overhaul, it

must be modified to bring under control tremendous man power of the country.

Regular provision must be made for systematic physical training, games and

sports. Instead of confining the students within the four walls of the class roomie

should be imparted lessons in dignity of labor and manual work. The students

must be encouraged to do work in villages; it will bring some practical element in

their education. For we must understand that when the students have to tackle

definite problems they employ all their energy, mind and heart to the task before

them. They will develop the habit of thought and of getting things done.

Today the country is full of social evils of all kinds and the services of the

students can be best utilized in eradicating them. The students in other countries

have played a very important part by way of social service. During vacations and

holidays, students should organize themselves into batches and tour the

countryside. Beside, spreading literacy, they can emphasize the need of family


planning. They would be able to impress upon the people the need of sanitation

and health.

46% of Indian workforce consider part-time jobs unattractive

NEW DELHI: Getting a job might be a difficult proposition these days but a

survey has found that 46 per cent of employees in the country are averse to part-

time employment.

In India 46 per cent of employees believe working part-time is not a sound career

move, according to Ma FoiRandstadWork monitor Survey 2011.

The global average of employees working in a part time job is 15 per cent, while

in India the figure stands at 27 per cent, and is slowly gaining popularity with

sectors like healthcare, hospitality, ITeS, and retail contributing significantly, the

survey said.

In China the estimated proportion of employees working in a part time job stands

as high as 35 per cent.

"Though part-time jobs were not a favorable career option until sometime back, it

is slowly gaining momentum in India now and are fast becoming a win-win

situation for the employers and the employees," Ma FoiRandstad MD and CEO E

Balaji said.

Elaborating the reason behind the un-attractiveness of part-time jobs, Ma

FoiRandstad said: "...employers have started offering full-time jobs with more

flexibility, with focus on productivity rather than work hours, which offers virtues

of a part time job".


The survey added that overall level of confidence in finding another job within the

next six months is "stable" across the world, with Indian, Chinese and Mexican

employers being most confident about finding another job.

Moreover, India continues to have the highest mobility index (employees

expected to be employed elsewhere in the next 6 months) of 142, vis-a-vis a

global average of 103.

Besides, personal motivation is high in Mexico and India. While employees in the

Nordics (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) were least focused on getting a

promotion, the study said "outside Europe the most ambitious employees can be

found in Mexico and India".

The Work monitor Survey is a quarterly review of 'mental mobility status' of

employees and covers 29 countries around the world, encompassing Europe,

Asia Pacific and the Americas.

The students must actively participate in the economic development of the

country. The ‘Green Revolution’ if taken up by the students can work miracles.

Even in the towns students can do much. They can, for instance, fight against

ticketless travelling in trains and buses, fight against smuggling, illicit distillation

of liquor, and indeed can contribute a great a deal towards social reforms.

If it is a necessity to make education practically useful, then it is also necessary

to keep the students away from politics. The students should have nothing to do

with active politics and politicians. The academic peace and the sanctity of the

temples of learning must not be polluted by politicians.

The students on their part must also give up rowdyism, violence and

lawlessness. The criminal acts of burning buses and damaging public property

must stop immediately. They must listen to reason and even if they have

complaint, grievances and dissatisfaction, they must adopt peaceful ways of

expressing them.


A love for virtue, righteousness and a sense of self-respect and personal dignity

must be inculcated in the student. Moral and intellectual frustration must be

removed. A sweet accord between the teacher and the taught must be

established. Love for extra-curricular activities, debates, dramatics and cultural

activities must be restored. Education must provide substantial activities and

sufficient amenities to occupy the students. The main problem with the students

is that they do not have enough incentive and definiteness of purpose; otherwise

there is nothing wrong fundamentally with them.

6.3 The Construction Of Part-Time Employment

This study explores how and why the employers in the workplaces

studiedconstructed part-time jobs and how these jobs are reproduced over time.

It also discusses managers' perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of

parttimework and reports on their views regarding part-time workers. It examines

whysome managers are resistant to the creation of more part-time jobs in

theirworkplaces, and discusses why there are so few part-time jobs in more

senior,management level positions.

6.4 Types Of Part-Time Jobs

The interviews with managers revealed two distinct types of part-time jobs,

reflectingthe different ways in which part-time workers were used in the

participatingworkplaces. These two types of jobs are:

• ‘Task-based part-time jobs’ i.e. jobs or tasks which employers argue can

becompleted in less than a full working day.

Such jobs can be, and are, filled by employees on either full-time contracts or

onpart-time contracts, although they tend to be filled by women on part-time

contracts.


• ‘Demand-based part-time jobs’, i.e. jobs or tasks which employers argue

onlyneed to be carried out during a part of the working day, or for which the

hours ofwork required can be variable.

These jobs are filled by employees on part-time contracts who can be men

orwomen.

6.5 ‘Task-Based Part-Time Jobs’

For the purposes of this study, ‘task-based part-time jobs’ are jobs which

involveundertaking tasks which employers argue can be completed in a limited

number ofhours, i.e. in less than the full working day or less than a full working

week. In thiscase, it is the nature of the task that is important in understanding

the part-timeemployment. The jobs which fit into this category include care

assistant, cleaner,learning support worker, and catering assistant and

administrative worker.

Some jobs involve tasks which can be completed in a limited length of time, i.e.

in atime period less than a full-time period. Other jobs involve tasks which are

only performed at certain, limited, times of the day. Many employers evaluate the

length oftime required to fulfil a particular task, e.g. to clean the ward of a

hospital, to providepersonal care services to an individual, or to offer a support

service to students in aclassroom setting, and construct employment on this

basis. The aim is to use part-timeemployment as a means of avoiding

unnecessary wage costs by not paying for‘down time’ in the working day, i.e.

time when the task is not being performed:

We evaluate the job and we know what is needed to carry out the tasks.

In these cases, part-time employment results from a situation where the work

tasksdelivered are not deemed to be required on a continuous basis, but only at

specifictimes of the day, week, or year. Hours of work can be finely tuned to


avoid excesswage costs. For some managers, this approach is underpinned by a

view of theworkers employed in part-time jobs as essentially easily replaceable.

As onemanager explained:

Part-time jobs are constructed because the continuity that could be provided by

asingle individual occupying the position is regarded as unnecessary at this level

ofjob.

In some workplaces, deploying people for very specific periods of the day has

beenfine-tuned over a number of years. Thus one manager stated.

6.6 ‘DEMAND-BASED PART-TIME JOBS’

As well as a category of ‘task-based part-time jobs’, there is also a category

of‘demand-based part-time jobs’. In this case, it is the flow of business and the

natureof the labour market which are important in understanding the construction

of part-timeemployment. Employers construct ‘demand-based part-time jobs’ for

a range ofreasons, including assisting recruitment and filling gaps in full-time

cover. However,people doing ‘demand-based part-time jobs’ tend to work

alongside people on fulltimecontracts in the same jobs. The jobs which fit into

this category include checkoutoperators, production and assembly workers in

manufacturing, library assistants,and security workers and bar workers.

Some employers had constructed ‘demand-based part-time jobs’ in order to

easerecruitment and/or to solve retention problems. For example, some of the

employerspointed out that the combination of low unemployment in the locality

and low pay hadcreated significant recruitment problems and that the

construction of ‘demand-basedpart-time jobs’ can be a solution.

6.7 Filling shortfalls and boosting numbers

In some workplaces, ‘demand-based part-time jobs’ had been constructed to fill

ashortfall in the personnel available to deliver a service or to produce a product.


Using full-time employees would not fill these gaps cost effectively, as the

additional staffing is not needed for a full-time period. Gaps can be additional

hours in a day of additional whole days. For example, one retail organization had

recently extended itsopening hours. The longer, additional, hours had been filled

by using employees onpart-time contracts. Similarly, one of the manufacturers

had experienced increasedemand for its products which had led it to operate

production over a longer timeperiod, each day and across the week. Again, the

additional hours and days werefilled by employing people on part-time contracts.

In some workplaces, ‘demand-based part-time jobs’ were constructed to boost

thenumber of workers at particular times of the day or week, for example

because of aparticularly heavy workload or trading period.

6.8 Advantages of part-time employment

Whether a part-time employee is working in a ‘task-based part-time job’ or in

a‘demand-based part-time job’, managers highlighted a variety of advantages of

parttimecontracts. In particular, managers argued that part-time employees can

offerlow-cost overtime, are easier to cover when absent and, in workplaces with

largenumbers of part-timers, create a bigger pool of labour and thus a more

flexibleworkforce.

6.9 Disadvantages of part-time employment

Paradoxically, whilst managers value the low-cost flexibility that many part-

timeworkers offer them, they also claim that part-timers are often unprepared to

workadditional hours and thus can be inflexible. They regarded this as partly

aconsequence of the restrictions which family responsibilities and other

responsibilitiesoutside work place on part-time workers:


6.10 The Limited Range Of Part-Time Jobs

In all of the workplaces studied, part-time working was more or less concentrated

in aspecific range of jobs at the lower end of workplace hierarchies. Managers

put forward a number of reasons for this. In all of the workplaces, managers

explained that there was a tendency to replace ‘like with like’. Thus the

reproduction of parttimejobs (or full-time jobs) is often an outcome of ‘doing

things the way we’ve alwaysdone it’.

In many workplaces, the responsibility for replacing staff falls to line managers,

andthus they have a critical role in the reproduction of patterns of employment.

Typically,line managers have a tendency to replace part-time with part-time and

full-time withfull-time.

There were other reasons for the limited range of part-time jobs. In one of

theworkplaces the availability of part-time working had been influenced by trade

unionintervention.

Interestingly, this view was held despite the fact that in this, and in other

workplaces,there was a growing tendency for existing full-time employees to

request reducedhours working, i.e. precisely those people who might be looking

for part-time work onthe open labor market if their requests at their current place

of work had beendeclined.

Some managers wanted to see a more positive attitude to part-time employment

6.11 Management Jobs And Part-Time Work

The association between a specific and limited range of jobs and part-time work

ismost starkly revealed in relation to management level jobs. Across the

workplacesstudied, the opportunities to work part-time at management level were

very limited.


6.12 Part-Time Job Market Overview

27%

20%

17%

17%

19%

Part-Time Job Market

Leisure And Hospitality salesRetail & Wholesale office & AdministrativeEducation & Health services

Industries where a lot of workers have part-time jobs include:

With the exception of education and healthcare jobs, which almost always

require at least some college coursework, most part-time jobs require only a high

school diploma.


7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

7.1

a) For our study we have taken into account the following Research Approaches


Research Approaches

The approach is on a secondary basis

Descriptive

Surveys

b)

POPULATION

According to the requirement of our research the target population is

undergraduate college going students, school pass outs and parents

of the targeted age group of youth.

These are colleges where we are going to conduct our research

College Name Place Number of

Students

NIFT Gandhinagar 500

PDPU Gandhinagar 250

DAIICT Gandhinagar 450

Total 1200

AGE GROUP

We have focussed on undergraduate students and school pass outs in the age

group of 17-23 years. This age group was selected as we have focused on the

population who has to depend on their parents for their studies, and do not have

any income of their own. The population in the selected age group mostly

consists of Undergraduate college going students. Lower age group of youth

was not selected as mostly in schools you do not have time for work and there is

a lot to study and the youth is in not much need of money as mostly they stay

with their parents and also they are not much independent. Population with

higher age group was not selected as usually they are graduates and most of

them are working.


SAMPLE SIZE

We have calculated the sample size which we would be using for conducting our

research on the mentioned population is based on a confidence level of 90 %.

Variance of 40% has been selected on the basis of the pilot run of the survey we

did after analysing the survey we found out that there is a 60-40 ratio of variation

in our population.

A population size of an approximate 3000 individuals with a precision of ±10 %

The sample size has come up to be 100.

The formulae used for calculation of sample size is given below


n Sample size

N Number of people in population

P Estimated variance in population

A Precision desired

Z Based on confidence level

R Estimated response rate

7.2 DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis tools which we have used for the interpretation of the collected

data

Statistical data analysis tools

7.2.1 Bar graphs:

A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars

with lengths proportional to the values that they

represent.

The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.

7.2.2 Pie graphs :

A pie chart (or a circle graph) is

a circular chart divided into sectors, illustrating

proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each

sector (and consequently its central angle and area),

is proportional to the quantity it represents.

7.2.3 Line chart:

A line chart or line graph is a type of chart which displays

information as a series of data points connected by

straight line segments. It is created by connecting a series of

points that represent individual measurements with line

segments. A line chart is often used to visualize a trend in

data over intervals of time – a time series – thus the line is

often drawn chronologically.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_series

http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/line

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportionality_(mathematics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_angle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_length

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_sector


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangle


7.2.4 Mean & MODE:

The mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data. For a data set,

the arithmetic mean is equal to the sum of the values divided by the number of

values.

7.2.5 Pivot Table:

A pivot table is a data summarization tool found in data visualization programs

such as spreadsheets or business intelligence software. Among other functions,

a pivot-table can automatically sort, count, total or give the average of the data

stored in one table or spreadsheet. It displays the results in a second table

(called a "pivot table") showing the summarized data. Pivot tables are also useful

for quickly creating un-weighted cross tabulations.

7.2.6 Pivot Chart:

A pivot chart is a data analysis tool that enables one to visualize a pivot table.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_intelligence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_set

7.3 NATURE AND FORM OF RESULT

The expected outcome of the proposed research will be :

1. Percentage of individuals willing to take up part time jobs

2. We will get the mindset of the youth about certain stigmas attached

to jobs like that of a waiter, shop-attendant, delivery boy or the like.

3. We will get to know about the reasons behind the social stigma

attached to the above mentioned jobs(financial, family, caste

system)


7.4SCHEDULE


Day 1 Formation of Research Proposal

Day 2 Development of Questionnnaires

Day 3Improvement in Questionnnaire and deciding of other tools of Data collection

Day 4Collection of data on the basis of Questionnaires & Observations

Day 5 Analysis And Interpretation of Data

Day 6 Final Report Compilation

Day 7 Presentation

8.

DATA ANALYSIS

AND

INFERENCES


What is Your Household Income?

6%2%

31%

52%

9%

Total

1 - 2 lakhs2 - 5 lakhs2 -5 lakhsAbove 5 lakhsbelow 1 lakh

We see that a total of 52% or the majority of the population has an income of above 5 lakhs. This chart will help us in our study as whether income plays an important role in taking up part time job.

What is the total No of members in your family?

Row Labels Count of family Members3 to 5 90

above 5 28less than 3 9

71%

22%

7% Total

3 to 5above 5less than 3

This shows that most of the people have a family with size 3 to 5.

Do you have a loan for your study?


Row Labels Count of Household Income (P.a.)1 - 2 lakhs 72 - 5 lakhs 32 -5 lakhs 40Above 5 lakhs 66below 1 lakh 11

Row Labels Count of Loanno 100yes 27

79%

21%

Total

no

yes

Loan is a major reason for taking up part time job. The students want to support their family with some extra income. In the graph we see that 79% of the population is not having a loan for their study.

Amount of Spare Time you have in a week (in hrs)

Row Labels Count of Amount of spare time you have in a week(hrs)< 5 hours 1510-15 hrs 2215-20 hrs 145-10 hrs 26

19%

29%

18%

34%

Total

< 5 hours10-15 hrs15-20 hrs5-10 hrs

We see through the graph that mostly a youth has 5-15 hrs of spare time in a week. The spare time the student have can be utilised by them for doing a part time job.


Are you willing to take up part-time job if Flexible Time was allowed?

Row Labels Count of flexibleno 4not sure 5yes 68

5%6%

88%

Totalnonot sureyes

In the above chart we see that 88% of the population wants a flexible timing for part time job. They want to do the job according to their convenience of time.

Expected Remuneration per month

Row Labels Count of expected remunerationAbove Rs 12000 10below Rs 2000 2Rs 2000-Rs5000 9Rs 5000- Rs 7000 37Rs 7000- Rs 12000 19

13% 3%

12%

48%

25%

Total

Above Rs 12000below Rs 2000Rs 2000-Rs5000Rs 5000- Rs 7000Rs 7000- Rs 12000

The expected remuneration by the population is Rs5000– Rs7000. They have not gone for the highest value available which means that they don’t want much hectic & responsibilities on the shoulder.


How many hours would you like to spend on job per week?

Row Labels Count of hours spend in job per week<5 hrs. 1410hrs-20hrs 3620hrs-30hrs 25hrs - 10hrs 23above 30hrs 2

18%

47%3%

30%

3% Total

<5 hrs10hrs-20hrs20hrs-30hrs5hrs - 10hrsabove 30hrs

Most of the population wants to spend their time in part time job as it will earn them extra money, experience.

Does Part-Time Job Upgrade your Skill?

Row Labels Count of upgrade your skillsAgree 46Disagree 3Neither Agree nor Disagree 4strongly agree 19strongly Disagree 5

60%

4%

5%

25%

6%Total

AgreeDisagreeNeither Agree nor Disagreestrongely agreestrongely Disagree

60% of the population believe that that part time jobs upgrade the skills of a person.


Has anyone ever motivated you to pursue part-time job?

Row Labels Count of has anyone ever motivated you for part time jobsNever 26Often 18Sometimes 31Very Often 2

34%

23%

40%

3%

TotalNever Often Sometimes Very Often

Most of the population has been very little or not been motivated for taking up part time jobs. This shows that Indians have still not adopted the concept and their mindset is as it was earlier about part time jobs.

Do you think students with low grade should definitely go for part time jobs?

Row Labels Count of do you think low grade students should definitely go for part time jobsNo 41Not sure 26yes 10

53%

34%

13% Total

NoNot sureyes

54% of the population thinks that marks are not a barrier for taking up part time job.


Do you think part-time jobs makes you a better person professionally?

Row Labels Count of better person professionallyno 6not sure 15yes 23

14%

34%

52%

Total

nonot sureyes

The majority population thinks that part time jobs help you grow both personally & professionally which will help you in the future.

Has anyone ever discouraged you for part-time job?

Row Labels Count of Discouragedno 41yes 3

93%

7%Total

no yes

93% of the people have never been discouraged about taking up part time jobs. This shows that either people do not have problem with part time jobs or they don’t talk about it with each other.


Ever been motivated for Part-Time Job?

Row Labels Count of motivated to part time jobsnever 27often 5once or twice 10very often 2

61%11%

23%

5% Total

neveroftenonce or twicevery often

61% of the population has never been motivated by others to take up part time jobs. This shows that the people are not much concerned about the part time jobs and they don’t even Discuss about it.


What type of work would you prefer?

Code Perspective No of PeopleT1 Restaurants 29T2 Cafes 35T3 Delivery Boy 7T4 Security Guards 7T5 Petrol Pump 5

T6 Event Management 48T7 Family Business 28T8 Community Service 30

T9 Tuition 48T10 Freelancing 39T11 Sales Person 13

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11

No of People 29 35 7 7 5 48 28 30 48 39 13

5

15

25

35

45

55

No of People

Axis Title

The youth wants the type of job in which they can use their intellect and brain like Tuitions, Event Management and Freelancing. The youth is also taking up jobs like working in restaurants & cafes which are easily looked down upon by the people


What do you think are advantages of part time jobs?

Code Perspective No of PeopleA1 Resume 26

A2 Interpersonal Skills 49A3 Work Exposure 47A4 Team Building 32A5 Get to know about your limitations 25

A6 Not Sure 2

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6

Series 1 26 49 47 32 25 2

5

15

25

35

45

55

Advantages of part time jobs

Axis Title

The advantages of part time work according to the population are that it enhances our interpersonal skills and the work exposure we get. These all will help to achieve success in the future when full time job is done.


Why do you think you should not take up part time job?

Code Perspective No of PeopleN1 Never felt the Need 21

N2 No Time 10N3 Prefer ability Option 8N4 Family 10N5 Society 5

N6 Hamper Studies 8N7 Shameful 3N8 Peer Pressure 5

N9 Don’t Want 13N10 No Awareness 2

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10

No of People 21 10 8 10 5 8 3 5 13 2

2.5

7.5

12.5

17.5

22.5

Axis Title

The people who don’t want to do a part time job feel that they should not do a part time job because they have never felt the need of doing it.


Are you willing to do a part time job?

Row Labels Count of Willingnessno 45not sure 5yes 77Grand Total 127

61% of the population feels that they should take up part time job. This shows that slowly the mindset of the people are changing towards part time jobs. Now the jobs which were looked down by people are also becoming a source of income for the youth.


35%

4%

61%

Percentage of population, willingness towards Part- Time Jobs

nonot sureyes

Code Perspective No of PeopleP1 For Financial Assistance 47

P2 Time Pass 17P3 Earn Extra Money 68P4 Experience 62P5 Exploitation of Manpower 6

P6 Waste of Time 13P7 Considered Shameful 7P8 Makes you Money Minded 15

What is your perspective towards part time job?

p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7 p8

No Of People 47 17 68 62 6 13 7 15

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

Axis Title

Most of the youth thinks that part time jobs are a good source of income and it also gives you a experience about the job so you can be prepared for the future job you take.


Code Perspective No of PeopleC1 Upbringing 39

C2 Education System 47C3 Hesitation due to Peers 37C4 Awareness of Part-Time Job 33C5 Prefer ability of Choices 24

C6 Don’t Feel The Need to be Self Dependant 29

What according to you is major cause of less no of youth taking part time jobs in INDIA?

c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6

No of People 39 47 37 33 24 29

2.5

7.5

12.5

17.5

22.5

27.5

32.5

37.5

42.5

47.5

No of People

Axis Title

The youth thinks that the Indian education system is responsible for less no of youth taking up part time job. The education system here is not as flexible as the education system of the other countries where part time jobs are done by majority of the students.


Co-relation between Income, and willingness

Count of Household Income (P.a.) Column LabelsRow Labels 1 - 2 lakhs 2 -5

lakhsAbove 5 lakhs

below 1 lakh

Grand Total

no 2 12 28 3 45not sure 2 2 1 5yes 5 29 36 7 77Grand Total 7 43 66 11 127Percentage of People Willing to do

Part-Time Jobs 71.43 67.44 54.55 63.64

no not sure yes0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

25

12

2

2928

2

36

31

7

1 - 2 lakhs 2 -5 lakhs Above 5 lakhs below 1 lakh

Co-relation between loan and willingness


Count of Loan Column LabelsRow Labels no yes Grand Total

no 42 3 45not sure 4 1 5

yes 54 23 77Grand Total 100 27 127

no not sure yes (blank)0

10

20

30

40

50

60

noyes(blank)


9. HYPOTHESIS TEST

Z Test

Standard Error - √(pq/n)

p = 0.61

q = 0.39

n = 127

Standard Error = √(0.61*0.39/127)

= 0.043

Z = (ṕ - pH0)/ Standard Error

= (0.64 – 0.6)/ 0.043

= 0.93

The observed value of Z = 0.93 which comes under the area of the Confidence level of

Hypothesis where Z = 1.64. Thus we can conclude that the null Hypothesis we stated is

rejected and then we can say that most of the youth is willing to do part time jobs.


10.CONCLUSION

From our observation and the results obtained out of the survey conducted we conclude that Majority of the youth is willing to take up part time jobs.

Their decision depends very much on the attitude and perceptions towards the concept of part time jobs. Also, there is a significance connection between the financial status of their family as well as awareness and prefer-ability of options available.


11.SUGGESTIONS

The youth certainly wants to become self dependent and take up part time jobs.

But there are many reasons which stand in their way. Social reasons being the most common as well as Prefer-ability of options available.

In order to popularize part time jobs within the population and change the mindset of the society; awareness about part time jobs should be generated, they should be promoted and companies should try and offer part time jobs, this will help in upgrading the skills of the youth and help them in their professional and personal lives.

Moreover, as practices of part time jobs increases, it will change the perception of the population towards them and they will get widely accepted.


10. EXPERIENCES OF THE STUDY

Our experience of the study has been very interesting and enjoyable.

It was a great learning experience. It was the first time we had conducted

surveys; it helped us in interacting a lot with students around us of our age group

and finding the similarities as well as differences in their as well as our attitude

towards the topic.

It provided us with a in hand experience about how a research is devised and

done, how data is collected and analysed and converted into information, who to

correlate the information and how to finally use the information and form a report;

which will definitely help us in our future.

Our topic was inclined towards a social cause and it felt good as it helped us in

understanding the society and of it helped us in getting to know many people in a

better way than we had known them.

Also the secondary research for the topic was very educating and provided us

with a good knowledge about the part time jobs in India and why they are not

popular in India.

The outcomes of the study were very different from what we had actually

thought. With so many people not willing to take up a part time job, it actually

came as a shocker to us.

The study made us aware of the mindset of youth towards part time jobs, the

causes behind their attitudes, the most popular part time jobs among the youth;

and the various factors affecting the attitudes and mindset towards part-time

jobs.

The study also increased our knowledge and changed our perception towards

the topic as it helped us In coming with various factors which we never had

thought off.


The study as knowledgeable it was, could have been more precise if only we had

some more time to conduct the research as we were able to conduct the surveys

only in a limited number, among a limited population.


12.BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.technopak.com/Images/TPK-perspective-vol3.pdf

Robinson, Lyn, "The effects of part-time work on school students" (1999). LSAY

Research Reports.

http://extension.psu.edu/evaluation/pdf/TS60.pdf

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-21/news/

30184574_1_mobility-status-ma-foi-randstad-md-part-time

http://www.naukrihub.com/salary-information/top-10-underpaid-jobs.html

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/part-time-student-jobs-junior-pastry-chef-dog-

walker-magician/1/202590.html

Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Delhi,

New Age International, 2009

Dev, S. Mahindra, Youth employment and unemployment in India

http://ideas.repec.org/p/ind/igiwpp/2011-009.html

World Youth Report, 2003

ILO, Youth & Work, Global Trends, (Geneva 2001)

http://azadindia.org/social-issues/index.html

http://essaysandarticles.com/other-essays/role-of-students-in-free-india/


http://azadindia.org/social-issues/index.html

http://ideas.repec.org/p/ind/igiwpp/2011-009.html

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/part-time-student-jobs-junior-pastry-chef-dog-%20walker-magician/1/202590.html

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/part-time-student-jobs-junior-pastry-chef-dog-%20walker-magician/1/202590.html

http://www.naukrihub.com/salary-information/top-10-underpaid-jobs.html

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-21/news/30184574_1_mobility-status-ma-foi-randstad-md-part-time

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-21/news/30184574_1_mobility-status-ma-foi-randstad-md-part-time

http://extension.psu.edu/evaluation/pdf/TS60.pdf

http://www.technopak.com/Images/TPK-perspective-vol3.pdf

13. APPENDICES

Descriptive- Descriptive research as the name suggests is designed to describe

something- for example, the characteristics of users of a given product; the

degree to which product use varies with income, age, sex or other

characteristics; or the number who saw a specific television commercial.


research on mindset of youth towards part time jobs in india

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