research methods overview of methods and approaches
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Research MethodsResearch Methods
Overview of methods and approachesOverview of methods and approaches
What is research?What is research?
Systematic enquirySystematic enquiry ApproachesApproaches
PositivistPositivist InterpretiveInterpretive
Popper: FalsifiablePopper: Falsifiable Kuhn: Paradigm shiftKuhn: Paradigm shift
Positivist ApproachPositivist Approach
Hypothesis testingHypothesis testing Experimental, makes measurementsExperimental, makes measurements QuantitativeQuantitative Means not valuesMeans not values ““Objective”Objective”
Interpretative Interpretative ApproachApproach
ExplanatoryExplanatory ExploratoryExploratory QualitativeQualitative Often small scaleOften small scale ““Subjective”Subjective”
EthicsEthics
Negotiating access Negotiating access Who owns the data?Who owns the data?
Right to knowRight to know Right to publishRight to publish
Informed consentInformed consent Anonymity and ConfidentialityAnonymity and Confidentiality Insider ResearchInsider Research
Qualitative methodsQualitative methods
Interviews (structured/semi-structured)Interviews (structured/semi-structured) DiariesDiaries ObservationObservation Analysis of documentsAnalysis of documents ExperimentsExperiments Data tends to be information rich but specificData tends to be information rich but specific Analysed by careful examination of dataAnalysed by careful examination of data
Quantitative methodsQuantitative methods
ExperimentsExperiments QuestionnairesQuestionnaires Structured interviewsStructured interviews Observation using coding protocolsObservation using coding protocols Data wide ranging and usually generalisableData wide ranging and usually generalisable Analysed using mathematical/statistical methodsAnalysed using mathematical/statistical methods
Other methodsOther methods
Approaches rather than methodsApproaches rather than methods May use multiple methodsMay use multiple methods
Action researchAction research based on own activitiesbased on own activities Observe - Act - Monitor - Evaluate cycleObserve - Act - Monitor - Evaluate cycle
Case studyCase study Study of a single instanceStudy of a single instance In depth study of something/someone specificIn depth study of something/someone specific