Research MethodsHS 2196

Sub- group 1

Objectives Identify the research problem and research topic

in this presentation Identify research and null hypothesis List the types of variables used in the research Discuss about the conceptualization and

operationalization of variables Identify the type of sampling used Discuss about our research proposal and the

ethical considerations

Research problem

Will drinking coffee affect blood pressure ?If yes, do we need to take note of coffee

drinkers in clinical?

Research Topic

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN

CONSUMPTION OF COFFEE OR CAFFEINE

AND BLOOD PRESSURE

Types of Variables

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE

consumption of coffee

blood pressure

age, mental &physical stress, exercise, habitual coffee drinking, smoking, medical problems

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between consumption of coffee and blood pressure

There is significant relationship between consumption of coffee and blood pressure

ResearchHypothesis(H1)

Null Hypothesis

(H0)

Conceptualization

Consumption of coffee—consume coffee orally

Blood pressure—pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial walls as the heart pumps blood into the aorta.

(Brooker, 2005)

OperationalizationConsumption of coffee— drink 150mls coffee(100mg caffeine) within 10 minutes

Blood pressure— measured using a BP set 30 and 60 minutes after drinking coffee

It is generally recorded indirectly in the brachial artery using an electronic device or stethoscope and sphygmomanometer and recorded in millimetres of mercury pressure (mmHg)There are two readings: systolic reading and diastolic reading.

(Brooker, 2005)

Literature review

(Nurminen, Niittynen, Korpela & Vapaatalo, 1999)

Literature review

(Nurminen, Niittynen, Korpela & Vapaatalo,1999)

Literature review

(James, 2004)

Literature review

Caffeine tolerance diminishes the acute effect of caffeine on blood

pressure, and hypertensive individuals are more susceptible to blood pressure

changes.

Literature review

(Riken, Rongen & Smits, 2009)

Literature review

(Buscemi et al., 2010)

Target population

Sampling

Nanyang Polytechnic nursing students

SamplingUsing cluster sampling

Step 1:clusters are chosen Year 1 Group A—1

Year 1 Group B—2Year 1 Group C—3Year 1 Group D—4Year 2 Group A—5 ……12 groups in total

Step 2:choose 10 individuals using simple random sampling from each group (cluster)

120 Nursing students to participate in the experiment

Measuring instruments

2 electronic blood pressure sets of same brand will be used

Methods of data-collection

Age

Blood Pressure

ASKING QUESTIONS

MEASURING

Experiment

Control Group Design

O1 X O2 O3 R O1 O2 O3

Controlled Group(will be given

nothing)

Experiment

Experimental Group

(will be given one cup of coffee)

Cluster (one lecture group of nursing student)

RandomlyEqually

1 2

1- controlled group2- experimental group

ExperimentStart

Blood pressure measuring &

record

Control groupDrink nothing

Experimental groupDrink a cup of

coffee

Blood pressure measuring and

record

End listen light music for 30 minutes Blood pressure

measuring and record

listen light music for another30 minutes

Controlled group data collection

No. Gender

Age Pre-test BP Post-test BP

Systolic BP

Distolic BP

Systolic BP (30mins)

Distolic BP(30mins)

Systolic BP(60mins)

Distolic BP(60mins)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

…

Experimental group data collection

No. Gender

Age Pre-test BP Post-test BP

Systolic BP

Distolic BP

Systolic BP (30mins)

Distolic BP(30mins)

Systolic BP(60mins)

Distolic BP(60mins)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

…

Data analyseData were entered and analyzed with SPSS (Version18):

Compare result measured after 30 minutes and 60 minutes

Compare result between controlled group and experimental group

Male & female

Feasibility• Confirm the lecture time with one student of the

selected group

• Ensure there is no any lecture or tutorial after the study for the participators

• Ensure that the participators are not allergic to caffeine

Research ethicsDistribute and explain the consent form -Introduce ourselves-Explain the purpose, procedure of our study-Identify for any allergy-Identify the right to refuse to participate or to withdraw from study without penalty-Offer to answer all questions -Confidentiality is assured(age)

Conclusion

consumption of coffee

A simple research proposal to do a research on correlation between andBlood pressure Take noted &

apply in clinical area

References