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sResearch instrumentsAditya agrawal: 02Pooja sawant: 04Marcian samuel: 10Rowan FernandesS : 18Ansab wastewala: 31

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Research Instruments

•Observation• Interview•Telephone survey•Mail survey• Interview schedule

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Observation….

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“Accurate watching and noting of phenomena as they occur in nature with

regards to cause and effect or mutual relation.”

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Advantages….

•Accuracy.• Factual information available.•Records events as they occur.• Economical. •Accuracy in mechanical devices.

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Limitations….

•Certain elements are missed.•Human errors possible.•Purposes is defeated, if secrecy is not

maintained.•Observers bias.• Limited application.

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Interview….

“It Is A Two Way Purpose Conversation Initiated Be An Interviewer To Obtain Information That Is Relevant To Some

Research Purpose.”

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Advantages….

• Flexibility.•Better co-operation from

respondents.•Benefits of longer duration interview.•Availability of reliable & detailed

information.•Better quality response.

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Limitations….

•Costly.• Time consuming.• Information supplied may not be

accurate.• Long term planning required.• Effective supervision on interviewers

required.8

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Telephone Survey….

“It Is A Form Of Oral Survey In Which Respondent Is Connected Through

Telephone And Questions Are Asked On The Subject Matter Of Survey And Information

Is Collected From Them.”

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Advantages….

• Economical.•High Speed.•Quick Response.• Information Is Available From VIPs.• Simplicity.

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Limitations….•Brief questionnaire required.• Limited information available.•Difficult to contact large number of

respondents.•Non-availability of samples.• Limited coverage of samples.•Non-verbal responses are not

available. 11

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Mail Survey….

Mail survey also called as mail interview is one method of data collection through field

investigation through mails

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Advantages….

• Economical.•Wide coverage.• Speed in data collection.•Avoids interviewer’s bias.•Convenience to respondents.

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Limitations….

•Problem of “no replies”.•Updated mailing list required.•Poor response, if questionnaire is

defective.• Lacks accuracy of information.• Limited use.

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Interview Schedule….

Schedule is a form, which is filled in by conduction personal interview.”

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Advantages….

•Honest & objective study of subject.•Valid and reliable co-ordination of

data.•Response rate is high.• Information collected is better,

complete & correct.•Data is uniform.

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Limitations….

• Expensive and time consuming method.•Wide geographical area cannot be

covered.•Dependence on sincere and honest

researchers.

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