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DESIGN 8 (Design Of Complex Structures)| Corporate Office Building| A.N.C 1

DESIGN 8(Design of Complex Structures)

P R E S E N T E D B Y

A D A N . C O N C E P C I O N

B S A R C H I T E C T U R E 4 A

P R E S E N T E D T O :

A R C H . R A M O N E . D E A L C A

Major Plate No.1

Corporate Office Building

(Research)




CORPORATE OFFICE BUILDING

OFFICECORE LOCATION

Central (Interior)

Advantages:

• It allows all window space to be utilized as rentable office space and depending

upon the configuration of the building plan will permit offices of varying depths to

receive natural light.

• It is also extremely convenient in terms of access and in some cases may be

equidistant for all sides. This simplifies area division and provides good flexibility of

tenant distribution in the same way.

Disadvantages:• It limits the depth of offices in the mid-zone of each floor, thus affecting the element

of flexibility in office layout.

• It requires an access corridor around its perimeter.

Off-Center (Interior)

Advantages:

• It presents somewhat more flexibility in maximum depth and arrangement of spaces.

This can be particularly desirable where large open spaces such as secretarial or

clerical pools are required.

• It also affords the opportunity of developing small secluded spaces in the relatively

narrow portion of the floor plan where the core is closest to the exterior walls.

Disadvantages:

• It is somewhat remote and thus less convenient to the far sides and corners of the

building. If there is multiple-tenant occupancy on any given floor, a long access

corridor will be required as will be a perimeter corridor around the core itself.

• It may also lessen flexibility of tenant distribution.

Split (Interior)

Advantages:

• It virtually eliminates the need for a peripheral corridor on the core. Access to this

core is from the area between its split elements and not from the area around its

edges.

• This permits more flexibility of floor-area division, leaving even the area immediately

adjacent to the core available for office space.

Exterior

Advantages:

• It leaves the entire floor area of the building available for tenant use.

• It does not complicate the floor plan either functionally or structurally.

• Since the core creates a "dead wall" or portion thereof, it may be used as a buffer

between the building and an adjoining property which may have objectionable

characteristics.

• It permits the core to act as a point of transition between one building and another

of possibly different scale.

Disadvantages:




• In the case of multitenant occupancy, the core requires a long access corridor

lessening flexibility of tenant distribution.

• The core occupies desirable window space so that the offices immediately adjacent

to the core may not receive any natural light.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

WORK FLOW

The relationship of individuals, as determined by operating procedures, must be the governing

factor in any layout. The development of a layout which conforms to and complements the

predominant work flow requirements of an office is perhaps the most important phase of

space planning. By the systematic study of the operations, processes, and procedures involved

in individual (or group) tasks, the planner can assist management by providing work station

patterns which ensure a smooth, straight-line flow of work . It should be understood that space

planning does not conflict with or overlap the field of methods and systems analysis. The role of

the space planner is to gain knowledge of the functions, as developed, and to translate them

into the best space layout possible within the limitations imposed by building characteristics,

fiscal allotments, etc.

Straight-Line Principle

In a well-planned office, paper goes from one desk to another with the least amount of

handling, traveling, and delay. Work should progress in a series of straight lines with a

general forward movement, avoiding cries-cross motion and backward flow. When the

layout is being developed, the flow pattern can be traced from desk to desk. Caution must

be exercised, however, since the straight-line work principle cannot be adapted to all

activities, particularly those headquarter or departmental offices whose staff activities do

not lend themselves to assembly-line processing.

OTHER PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

The application of the following considerations will assist the space planner to attain functional

effectiveness in the final layout:

• Heavy equipment generally should be placed against walls or columns in order to avoid

floor overloading.

•

Be safety conscious. Do not obstruct exits, corridors, or stairways. Comply with fire safetycodes governing aisles, exits, etc.

PRIVATE OFFICES

It is desirable that private offices be a minimum of 9 sq m and a maximum of 27 sq m each in

size, depending upon the requirements of the occupant.




SEMIPRIVATE OFFICES

The semiprivate office is a room, ranging in size from 14 to 37 sq m, occupied by two or more

individuals. These offices can be enclosed by ceiling-high, three-quarter-high, or bank-type

partitions.

CIRCULATION

This is the area required to conveniently permit ingress and egress to work stations .The size of

an aisle should be governed by the amount of traffic it bears. The following standards with

regard to internal circulation will be applied in space planning surveys:

• Aisles leading to main exits from areas which carry substantial traffic (main aisles) should

be 1.50 m wide.

• Aisles which carry a moderate amount of traffic (intermediate aisles) should be 1.20 m

wide.

•

Aisles between rows of desks (secondary aisles) should be approximately 0.90 m wide.

CONFERENCE REQUIREMENTS

Conferences, meetings, and assemblies are an important part of operations. Since there is no

established standard suggesting the number of conference rooms based on the number of

people, the needs will vary widely among agencies or agency components, depending

largely on the nature of their work. Whenever possible, the establishment of conference rooms

should be based on need established from past records and experience, rather than on

anticipated needs. Unnecessary conference space is often allowed because planning is not

based on such records of demonstrated need.

Conference Space

It is desirable to provide a conference room adjoining the office of a top official who holds

a large number of conferences and nearby conference rooms for officials with more limited

requirements. Separate conference rooms permit maximum utilization through scheduling

at an appropriate level of management.

Location of Conference Rooms

The conference room should be centrally located to the users. Interior space, which is not

the most desirable for office purposes, is well suited for conference use. This location

eliminates outside distraction and the need for window coverings during visual

presentations. Access to conference rooms should be through corridors or through

reception areas.

RECEPTION AREAS AND VISITOR CONTROL

Visitors receive their first impression of an organization from the decor and layout of the

reception area. It should be attractive, nest, businesslike, and above all, adequate to

accommodate normal visitor traffic. An allowance of 1.00 sq m for each visitor to be served

may be used for space allocation. The receptionist should be placed so as to command a

clear view of those entering and be easily accessible to visitors.




ORGANIZATION CHART

The organization chart will show the departments and sections which make up the firm, like theexecutive, offices, sales, accounting, engineering, production, research, and purchasing. The

chart will also give a clue to the interrelationship of the departments.

SPACE

Here are ten guides for determining what that location should be.

Convenience to the Public

Those departments having the greatest number of visitors should be located so that the

visitors have a short, direct, and convenient route from the main entrance to the

department sought. Convenient access is not only enjoyed by the visitors but it offers the

least disturbance to the work of employees.

Flow of Work

Departments having the closest working connections should be placed closest together.

When this is done, the work flows with a minimum waste of time between operations.

Equipment Used

Some departmental operations require the use of special equipment requiring extensive

wiring, plumbing, or ventilation equipment. Moving departments of this type requires

expensive alterations. Obviously, two such departments should not be located together

because of the difficulty of later expansion.

Centralized FunctionsSections and facilities that serve the entire office should be centrally located and easily

accessible to all who use them. Rest rooms, water fountains and supply cabinets should be

provided in sufficient numbers and conveniently located.

Confidential Areas

Certain functions of a business may be of a confidential nature that requires them to be

isolated from others in the office and from the general public. Central files, the paymaster,

the controller, end legal offices are examples.

Conference Rooms

Conference and training rooms should be reasonably near those departments that use

them the most. If the office is air conditioned, the room can be in the interior of the space to

eliminate the distraction of windows and to provide more wall display area.

Freight Elevators

Departments receiving and delivering large quantities of materials should be located near

the freight area for ease of handling, less time and labor, and less distraction of other

workers. Mail, stockroom, and machine departments are in this category.

Shipping Dock

Shipping and receiving activities and mail rooms should obviously be near the point of

entrance and exit of material.




Service Facilities

Eating, medical, and lounge facilities are generally on the lower floors to reduce elevator

traffic. The number and type of employees in a particular department might be considered

in locating it near these facilities.

Passenger Elevators

When an office occupies more than one floor, elevator service will be more effective when

the departments with large clerical forces are on the lower floors.

SPACE ALLOWANCES

Good space utilization does not necessarily moon allocating the least possible working space

per person. On the contrary, too little working space may reduce the worker's efficiency and

waste many times the savings made by any reduction in the square-foot rental costs. Good

space utilization, in its broad meaning, allots more space to those positions whose activity

justifies it, and reduces the space where there is a surplus. We can break down the types ofspace required in the typical office into five categories as follows:

Office Space

The following typical allowances include space for departmental aisles, space to move

about, space for occasional visitors and consultation, rest rooms, fountains, special files,

general office equipment, bookcases, and coat racks. It does not include main aisles,

corridors, or the space covered by the other four space categories.

File Space Allowance

The actual space taken up by a file cabinet and its open drawer is easily measured. It is

difficult to estimate how much should be added to these measurements for working area

until decisions are made on arrangement of the filing area.

Space Equipment Allowance

Certain special types of office machines require more space than normally allowed in an

estimate based on the average clerk position. Any space taken up by the following

equipment end their operators should be added to that considered for the regular office

space.

Storage Space Allowance

Storage requirements depend on the nature of the firm's work, its age, and the inclination of

the administration to retain records. Here are some storage space requirements which

should be considered:

1. Vaults2. Stockrooms

3. Transfer files

4. Shelving

5. Janitor supplies and equipment

6. Stock rooms

7. Coat rooms

Special Rooms Allowance

Depending on the type of business, offices will require rooms of a size matched to their use.

These will include:

1. Reception room

2. Waiting room3. Interviewing room




4. Examination room

5. Conference room

6. Exhibit room

7. Medical room

8. Lunchroom

9. Employee lounge

10. Rest room

11. Mail room

The more common rooms will have the following typical space allotments, based on their

use by 15 people.

Square meter

Reception room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Waiting or interviewing room . . . . . . . . .18.5

Conference room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.5

Add approximately 10 sq ft for each additional person to be provided for.

LAYOUT




UTILITIES AND FACILITIES

Elevator




Air Duct




Air Conditioning Unit




Cooling Tower



Curtain Wall

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