Course Outline

ME-416 Renewable Energy Resources

By

AP Tanveer Ahmed

Spring Semester - 2013

Course Designation Elective

Credit Hours 3

No. of Sessions / Week 1

Session Duration 3

Prerequisite Heat Transfer, Fluid

Mechanics

Energy & its Types

Thermal Energy

Chemical Energy

Electromagnetic Energy

Nuclear Energy

Mechanical Energy

Law of Energy Conversion

Energy Conversion & Energy Efficiency

Conventional & Renewable Energy Resources

Energy Mix of the World

Energy Mix of Pakistan and South Asia

Fossil Energy Resources & Technologies

Course Outline

Course Outline

Renewable Energy Resources

Definition & Types of Renewable Energies

Resource Availability, Technologies & Applications (From

International & Local Prospective

Solar Energy (Thermal & Photovoltaics)

Wind Energy (Resources, Turbines & Applications)

Hydropower (Resources, Turbines, Small Hydro Power Systems &

Applications)

Biomass Energy (Resources, Thermal & Non-Thermal

Applications of Biomass & Biofuels)

Geothermal Energy (Resources, Heat & Electricity Applications)

Other Renewable Energy Resources (Tidal, Wave & Ocean

Thermal Energy Conversion)

Course Outline

Greenhouse Gases & Climate Change Energy Use & the Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse Gases: Types, Inventory & Sources

Climate Change Impacts

Technology Options for GHG Emission Mitigation Renewable Energy

Energy Efficient Technologies by Sector & End-Use

Cleaner Production

International Climate Change Conventions, Protocols &

Perspectives Developing vs. Developed Country Perspectives on GHG Mitigation

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) &

Conference of the Parties

The Kyoto Protocol & Flexible Mechanisms:

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

Emission Trading

Joint Implementation

Course Outline

Reference Books

Renewable Energy Resources (Second Edition), by

John Twidell & Tony Weir

Renewable Energy “Its physics, engineering, use, environmental impacts, economy & planning aspects” (Third Edition) by

Bent Sorensen

Grading???

Quiz’s 6

Sessional-1 15

Sessional-2 15

Final Exam 50

Class Participation 4

Assignments (Groups) 5

Oral Presentations (Groups) 5

Introduction

Energy

Adequate supply of energy is a prerequisite of any modern society for economic growth

A poor citizen in a less-developed country must rely on human and animal power

In contrast, developed countries consume large quantities of energy for transportation and industrial uses as well as heating and cooling of building spaces

Introduction

Energy Consumption

Introduction

Power Consumption Rate

The worldwide average continuous power consumption today is 2 kW/person

In the USA the power consumption is on average 10 kW/person

In Europe about 5 kW/person and

Two billion people on earth do not consume any fossil fuels at all

Introduction

What Are Our Main Energy Sources?

Most of this energy comes form fossil fuels which are burnt in power stations, factories, homes and vehicles

These fossil fuels formed millions of years ago, and are non-renewable

Once the fossil fuels have been used up there will be no more to replace them

Coal, Oil and Natural gas are the examples of fossil fuels being used today

INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES NEED LARGE AMOUNTS OF ENERGY

Introduction

Population Growth

The population of human beings has increased in the last century by a factor of 6 but the energy consumption by a factor of 80

Introduction

Energy Consumption

Introduction

Energy Consumption

Alternative Energy Sources

Wind energy

Hydroelectric energy

Solar energy

Tidal energy

Nuclear energy

Geothermal energy

Biomass energy

Introduction

Introduction

Comparison of Conventional & Renewable Energy Resources

Conventional

(Brown) Renewable (Green)

Examples Coal, oil, gas,

radioactive ore

Wind, solar, biomass,

tidal

Source Concentrated Stock Natural Environment

Normal State Static store Current

Supply Finite Infinite

Source cost Expensive Free

Control Steady Fluctuating

Location of use Invariant Site specific

Pollution High Negligible

Problems with Burning Fossil Fuels

Huge amounts of carbon dioxide are given off into the atmosphere

Carbon dioxide causes global warming or the greenhouse effect

Coal-burning power stations also give off sulphur dioxide gas which leads to acid rain

Greenhouse Gas

Video Clip-1

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

Carbon dioxide gas acts like the glass in a greenhouse

Infrared radiation from the Sun is usually reflected back into space

Greenhouse gases stop this, and heat is reflected back to the Earth again

Greenhouse Gas

Video Clip-2

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

Greenhouse Gas

What is the Greenhouse Effect?

Greenhouse Gas

What are the problems with global warming?

The average temperature of the Earth will rise

This can lead to droughts

Greenhouse Gas

Video Clip-3

What are the problems with global warming?

Extremes of weather will occur hurricanes and storms

Greenhouse Gas

What are the problems with global warming?

The increase in temperature will speed up the melting of the polar ice caps

Global warming will therefore lead to floods

So all this burning of fossil fuels leading to an Earth that is suffering form many environmental problems

Greenhouse Gas

What are the problems with global warming?

This photograph shows the main Rongbuk Glacier in the Himalayan mountains, Tibet as it was in 1921, covered in snow and ice and in sharp contrast to the landscape today

Greenhouse Gas

Projected Impacts of Climate Change

1°C 2°C 5°C 4°C 3°C

Sea level rise threatens

major coastal cities

Falling crop yields Food

Water

Ecosystems

Risk of

Irreversible

Changes

Global temperature change (relative to pre-industrial) 0°C

Falling yields in many

developed regions

Rising number of species face extinction

Increasing risk of abrupt, large-scale shifts climatic

shifts

Decreases in water

availability Glaciers disappear

Damage to

Coral Reefs

Extreme

Weather Events Rising intensity of storms, forest fires, droughts, flooding and heat waves

Possible rising yields in some

high latitude regions

6°C

Greenhouse Gas

Other problems from the pollution from burning fossil fuels

Lead poisoning has been shown to affect the development and progress of children living near motorways

Dust and gases in the air can lead to smog above large industrialised cities

A hole is developing in the ozone layer which therefore will not filter out harmful ultra-violet rays from the Sun

Greenhouse Gas