Requirements ManagementIt’s a Team Sport

Gerard van der PolBorland Software Corporation

Have you ever…

…misunderstood a customer request?

…ended up delivering a lot more functionality than you originally estimated?

…missed a deadline because the customer changed the specifications at the last minute?

…found a software defect caused by an incomplete change?

…forgotten to notify someone when a change was made?

Requirements

Management

Problems

The Source of Software Defects

Requirements Errors(56%)

Other Errors (10%) Coding Errors (7%)

Design Errors (27%)

Source: James Martin, An Information Systems Manifesto

The Cost to Fix Software Defects

Source: James Martin, An Information Systems Manifesto

Requirements Requirements ErrorsErrors(82%)(82%)

Requirements Requirements ErrorsErrors(82%)(82%)

Design ErrorsDesign Errors(13%)(13%)

Design ErrorsDesign Errors(13%)(13%)

Other Errors (4%)Other Errors (4%)Other Errors (4%)Other Errors (4%) Coding Errors (1%)Coding Errors (1%)Coding Errors (1%)Coding Errors (1%)

Relative Cost of Fixing a Defect

Source: Boehm, Barry W. Software Engineering Economics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Requirements Design Code DevelopmentTesting

AcceptanceTesting

Operation

Rel

ativ

e C

ost t

o C

orre

ct a

Def

ect

Requirements = Blueprints

Even small errorscan lead to big problems.

How Are Req’s Managed Today?

• Most organizations use manual and document-based methods

– “Sticky” notes

– Telephone calls

– Email

– White boards

– Word processors

– Spreadsheets

– Desktop databases

SoftwareRequirementsSpecification

Requirements Development vs Management

Analyze, Document,Review, Negotiate

MARKETING, CUSTOMERS, MANAGEMENT

Baselined RequirementsReqs. Development

Reqs. Management

RequirementsChangeProcess

revised requirements

MARKETINGCUSTOMERS

MANAGEMENT

PROJECTCHANGES

1-9

Requirements

UserDocumentation

Changes can come from manydifferent sources.

Help Desk

CC

B

(Ap p

rova

l Pr o

c es s

)

Customer/User

Design

Code

Test

NewFeature

NewReqmt

BusinessArea

Coder/Tester

Defect

A Change Management Process

Time/change

Ver 1.0

Ver 1.1

Ver 2

Ver 2.0

Ver 1.1

Ver 1.1

Ver 1.0

Ver 1.0

Ver 1.0

Ver 1.0

Ver 1.2

Ver 2.1

Ver 3.0

Ver 1.2

Ver 1.2

Ver 2.2

Ver 1.3

Ver 2.0

Ver 1.4

Ver 1.5

Ver 1.6

= Project Scope 1/1/2001

BASELINE

Requirements

= Current Version

“Snapshot in time” of Requirements

Project Baseline

Why What How When Where

Link Customers to RepsWHY 1012

ZIP code CapabilityWHAT 1013

Client_Info TableHOW 1014

Postal Code View & CreateHOW 1016

ZIP Code LookupHOW 1015

Analysis ProceduresWHEN1022

DB DesignWHEN1017

Create ProceduresWHEN1018

GUI DesignWHEN1019

ImplementationWHEN1020

Interface Design TaskWHEN1021

Check Zoom ButtonTD: Test (Manual)

TestDirector_Demo

Starvm.appStarTeam

StarDraw\SourceCode\

checkInBoxes StateTD:Test (WR-AUTOMATED)

TestDirector_Demo

StarDraw.hStarTeam

StarDraw\SourceCode\

Initial StateTD:Test (MANUAL)TestDirector_Demo

Stardoc.hStarTeam

StarDraw\SourceCode\

Requirements Management in Practice

Configuration, Change, and Project ManagementConfiguration, Change, and Project Management

It’s a Team Sport

Quality Assurance / TestingQuality Assurance / TestingQuality Assurance / TestingQuality Assurance / Testing

Requirements ManagementRequirements ManagementRequirements ManagementRequirements Management

AnalyzeAnalyzeAnalyzeAnalyze DesignDesignDesignDesign DevelopDevelopDevelopDevelop DeliverDeliverDeliverDeliverObject-Oriented Analysis and Design

Together VS.NETTogether VS.NET

Configuration and Change Management

Requirements Management

CaliberRMCaliberRM

Project Management and EstimationMicrosoft Project, EstimatePro

Unit Testing Test AutomationTest Management

Integrated Development Environment

Visual Studio.NETVisual Studio.NET

Software Delivery Optimization

Design Develop

ManageTest

Deliver

Define

Design Develop

Manage

Test

Deliver

Define

Business AnalyticsResource Optimization

Asset UtilizationPortfolio Planning & Management

Do

ing

th

e R

IGH

T S

OF

TW

AR

E

Fin

ancie

rs an

d B

us

iness S

po

nso

rs

WHAT? WHO?

Process AutomationAudits & Metrics for Compliance

Dashboards & Production AnalyticsProject & Requirements Management

Decisio

n M

akers and

Man

ag

ersDo

ing

SO

FT

WA

RE

RIG

HT

Software Creation and Management

Artifact Repository

Do

ing

So

ftw

are

So

ftware C

reato

rs

Software Delivery OptimizationRole Optimized

Thank You

Borland Software Corporation