requirements ii - business processes and workflows peter dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows
Peter Dologdolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk2.2.05Intelligent Web and Information SystemsSeptember 16, 2010
![Page 2: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Areas or Options for Focus
2Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 3: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Business Processes and Workflows
![Page 4: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Process
Process• A related and organized group of activities with
result as a value for a customerBusiness Process
• Ordering of work activities across time and place with beginning, end, input, output, and common goal (usually one departmental)
Enterprise Business Process• End to end business process (i.e. from customer
request to customer receiveg a product)
4Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 5: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Business Process ReengineeringFrom the journal paper: V. Grover and Manoj K. Malhotra:
Business Process Reengineering. Journal of Operations Management 15 (1997) 193 – 213• Analysis and design of work flows and processes within and
between organizations• A methodological process that uses IT to radically overhaul
business process and therby attain major business goals• Overhauling of business processes and organization
structures that limit the competetiveness, effectiveness, and efficiency of the organization
• The fundamental analysis and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance
5Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 6: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Various other initiatives
Total Quality ManagementAutomationRestructuringRightsizing
Different from Reengineering
6Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 7: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Process from in organization
From the journal paper: V. Grover and Manoj K. Malhotra: Business Process Reengineering. Journal of Operations Management 15 (1997) 193 – 213
7Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 8: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Enablers
ITOrganizational
8Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 9: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IT as Reengineering Enabler
Supporting some activities by ITOrder processingPurchasingAccountingInventory ManagementExpenditure controlSupply management…
9Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 10: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Organizational set of enablers
Cross functional processesCross functional teamsCase managers…
10Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 11: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Workflow Management Systems
![Page 12: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Workflow Management Systems
Workflow is a term used to describe the tasks, procedural steps, organizations or people involved, required input and output information, and tools needed for each step in a business process.
A workflow management system (WFMS) is a software package that can be used to support the definition, management and execution of workflow processes.
A workflow system (WFS) is a system based on a WFMS that supports a specific set of business processes through the execution of computerized process definitions
![Page 13: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Application
WFMS
UIMS
Separation of Concerns
Application
Operating System
DBMS
Operating System
Application
![Page 14: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Basic Concepts
Case – thing/item/work/service to be produced/solved/served
Process/ProcedureTasks – logical step applicable for many cases; can
have several work itemsConditions – assigned to the tasks; determine
orders, usually based on attributesActivities – performance of a task on a case by a
resource
![Page 15: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Processes
Primary – produce productsSecondary – support processes (maintanance,
marketing, financial administration, human resource management)
Tertiarty – managerial processes
![Page 16: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Resources
Resource(participant, actor, user, agent)A resource can execute certain tasks for certain cases.Human and/or non-human (printer, modem): limited capacity.
Resource classA set of resources with similar characteristic(s).
Role(skill, competence, qualification)Classification based on what a resource can do.
Group(department, team, office, organizational unit)Classification based on the organization
![Page 17: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Modelling Workflows
Petri Nets as one optionA classical Petri net is a four-tuple (P,T,I,O) where:P is a finite set of places,T is a finite set of transitions,I : P x T -> N is the input function, and O : T x P -> N is the output function.The state (marking) of a Petri net (P,T,I,O) is defined
as follows:s: P-> N, i.e., a function mapping the set of places
onto {0,1,2, … }.
![Page 18: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Graphical Symbols for Petri Nets
Place
Transition
Arc
Token
![Page 19: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Example
red
rr
rb
bb
black
![Page 20: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Network Structures
CausalityHuman IntervensionParallelism (AND-split - AND-join)Choice (XOR-split – XOR-join)Iteration (XOR-join - XOR-split)Capacity constraints
• Feedback loop• Mutual exclusion• Alternating
![Page 21: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Mappings to Domain Symbols
![Page 22: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Process for Insurance Complaint
Record
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C7
C6
C8end
Contact_department
Contact_client
collect assess
pay
Send_letter
file
Start
![Page 23: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
More Cases
Record
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C7
C6
C8end
Contact_department
collect assess
pay
Send_letter
file
Contact_client
Start
![Page 24: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Allocating Resources
Start
Record
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C7
C6
C8end
Contact_department
Contact_client
collect assess
pay
Send_letter
file
Employee Assessor Complaints Finances
Roles Departments
![Page 25: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Roles of Tokens
Tokens can play the following roles:a physical object, for example a product, a part, a
drug, a person;an information object, for example a message, a
signal, a report;a collection of objects, for example a track with
products, a warehouse with parts, or an address file;an indicator of a state, for example the indicator of
the state in which a process is, or the state of an object;
an indicator of a condition: the presence of a token indicates whether a certain condition is fulfilled.
![Page 26: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Roles of Places
a type of communication medium, like a telephone line, a middleman, or a communication network;
a buffer: for example, a depot, a queue or a post bin;
a geographical location, like a place in a warehouse, office or hospital;
a possible state or state condition: for example, the floor where an elevator is, or the condition that a specialist is available.
![Page 27: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Role of Transition
an event: for example, starting an operation, the death of a patient, a change seasons or the switching of a traffic light from red to green;
a transformation of an object, like adapting a product, updating a database, or updating a document;
a transport of an object: for example, transporting goods, or sending a file.
![Page 28: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Real Situation
Pool of workflows ready to be followed at the next step
Pool of candidate work items to be executed at the next step
Pool of cases to deal withPool of resources which can be selected
Problem is how to find optimal number of resources to have to achieve a certain performance of a company with number of tasks to be followed according to the workflows
![Page 29: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Allocating Principles
In what order are the work items transformed to activities?• How many resources are available and how
many work items are pending?By which resource are the activities carried out?
• Ability to perform some tasks
![Page 30: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Heuristics for work item allocation
FIFOLIFOShortest Processing Time (SPT)Shortest Rest-Processing Time (SRPT)Longest Rest-Processing Time (LRPT)Earliest Due Date (EDD)
![Page 31: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
Performance Indicators
External performance indicators (case-oriented)• Avarage completion time, reliability of
completion timeInternal performance inficators (ressource oriented)
• What effort is required to achieve external performance
• Level of resource utilization, number of cases per ressource, in progress, number of rollbacks, rate of turnover
![Page 32: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Business Processes
32Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
© Springer
![Page 33: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Examples from Alexander Knapp, Nora Koch, Gefei Zhang and Hanns-Martin Hassler: Modeling Business Processes in Web Applications with ArgoUWE. 2004 - The Unified Modelling LanguageModelling Languages and Applications. 7th International Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, October 11-15, 2004. Proceedings 69-83
33Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 34: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
UWE as one example: process structure model
34Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII
![Page 35: Requirements II - Business Processes and Workflows Peter Dolog dolog [at] cs [dot] aau [dot] dk 2.2.05 Intelligent Web and Information Systems September](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ec75503460f94bd3fbc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
UWE: Process flow model
35Peter Dolog, Web Engineering 2010, RequirementsII