Required Media/Equipment/Software: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health & Disease, 11th Edition, Barbara Cohen, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, ISBN 9780781790734fStudy Guide For Memmler’s The Human Body in Health & Disease, 11th Edition, Barbara Cohen, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, ISBN 9780781765817Mosby’s Pocket Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, 6th Edition, Elsevier/Mosby, 2010, ISBN 9780323052917

Course Title: Anatomy & Physiology I

Course Number:MA111

Effective Date: Revision Date: Applies to: All Campuses

Quarter Credit Hours: 4 Course Length: 12 weeksLecture Hours:Laboratory Hours:Externship/Clinic Hours:On-Line Hours:

40 0 0 0

Instructor’s Name: Derbe EjereEmail: derbe.ejere@miller-motte.eduTel: 252-215-2042

Instructor’s Office Hours:Mon and Wed: 3-5 pm

Instructor’s lab learning Hours:Tue and Wed 4-5 pm

Meeting Days/Times/Room: *MW/ 1 – 2:50 pm/ MB104 Term Dates/Year: July 14 – September 29, 2010*MW=Monday and Wednesday

Topical Outline:The key topics/concepts in this course are:1. Structural levels of the

human body.2. Terms of directions, body

planes and cavities.3. The chemistry of living

things.4. Cell structure.

5. Cellular metabolism, mitosis, and meiosis.

6. Tissues.7. The structures and functions of the

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous systems and the endocrine system.

8. Pathological conditions of these systems.

Grading and Evaluation:Final Grades will be determined by: Grading Scale:Class Participation 10% 90-100% AHomework/Assignments 20% 80-89%BQuizzes 20% 70-79% CExaminations 30% 00-69% FProjects 20%Total 100%

Anatomy & Physiology

Chapter 1Organization of the Human

Body

Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease11th edition

The study of the human body

• Anatomy – The study of the structure of the body

• Physiology – The study of the function of the body

• Understanding the normal body is basis for analyzing disease

• Pathology – The study of disease processes in the human body

Levels of Organization:

Chemicals -living matter is derived from simple

chemicals

Cells – basic unit of biological organization; performs all the

activities necessary to maintain life

Tissues – a specialized group of cells form tissue;

4 types – muscle, nerve epithelial and connective

Organs – organized tissues functioning together

Systems – a group of organs that perform a

common function

11 Body Systems Protection, support, and movement

• Integumentary (skin)• Skeletal• Muscular

Coordination and control

• Nervous• Endocrine

Circulation

• Cardiovascular• Lymphatic

(immune)Nutrition and fluid balance

• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary

Production of offspring

• Reproductive

Checkpoint 1-1: In studying the human body, one may concentrate on its structure or function. What are these two studies called?

Integumentary System

• Structure: - Includes skin, hair, nails, sebaceous (lubricating) and sweat glands– 2 layers – dermis & epidermis– 3rd layer - hypodermis

• Function: – insulates, protects, temperature regulation,

water regulation

Skeletal System

• Structure: – Composed of bones, cartilage, joints

• Function: – provides support/body framework – act as levers for movement– manufactures blood cells in red bone marrow– yellow marrow stores fat

Muscular System

• Structure:– Consists of muscle fibers are arranged in

bundles(fasciae), tendon sheaths, and bursae• Functions:

– Skeletal (Voluntary): creates and limits movement

– Smooth (Involuntary): moves food along the digestive tract, circulates blood

– Cardiac: involuntary and causes heart contraction

Nervous System

• Structure:– Composed of Brain, spinal cord, cranial

nerves, peripheral nerves • Function:

- controls and regulates all other systems of the body: receives internal and external stimuli from receptors & special senses, interprets stimuli and directs body’s response

Central Nervous System

Endocrine System

• Glands produce hormones that regulate body activities such as growth and reproduction

• Works with the nervous system through the hypothalamus of the brain to control and coordinate other body systems.

Cardiovascular System

• Structure:– Consists of heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

• Function– Circulates blood to and from the cells of the

body

Lymphatic System• Structure:

– Lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, lymphatic vessels

• Function:– Drains tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid– Absorbs fats from the intestines and carries

them to the blood – Protects the body from disease

Respiratory System

• Structure:– Consists of nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx,

trachea, bronchi, and lungs• Function

– Brings oxygen to and eliminates carbon dioxide from the blood

Digestive System

• Structure:– Consists of mouth, esophagus, stomach,

small intestines, large intestines, liver and pancreas

• Function:– Absorbs nutrients from food and eliminates

indigestible wastes

Urinary System

• Structure:– Two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and

urethra• Function:

– Rids the body of waste products and excess water

Reproductive System

• Women – ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

• Men – testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, urethra

• Allows for the process of conception, pregnancy and birth

Metabolism• Metabolism includes all life sustaining reactions that go on in the

body• Consists two types of activities:

– Catabolism – complex substances broken down into simpler compounds to deliver energy– Anabolism – the building phase of metabolism (for growth, tissue repair, function)

• ATP – adenosine triphosphate - energy unit the body uses

Homeostasis• Maintenance of the internal environment of

the body• Body temperature, body fluids, heart rate, blood pressure, etc must be kept within

set limits to maintain health This steady state within the organism is

called Homeostasis • Homeostasis is maintained through

balance of intracellular and extra cellular fluids and a series of feedback loops

Fluid balance

• Extracellular fluid:– Transport nutrients into and out of the cell– It includes all body fluids outside the cells– Example: blood, interstitial fluid

• Intracellular fluid:– Contained within the cell

Feedback• Is a control system based on information

returned to the source• Negative Feedback Loop – most body systems

are regulated this way – An action causes the body to reverse the trend of that

action– Examples include temperature regulation: Body

temperature rises, alerting the brain, causing sweating and other cooling mechanisms

• Positive Feedback Loop – An action produces more of the same action– Examples include childbirth: stretching the uterus

causes contraction of the uterus causes stretching…

Comparison of positive and negative feedback.

Basic Reference Systems of Bodily Organization

- Directions- Planes- Body Cavities

Directions

• Superior• Inferior• Anterior (ventral)• Posterior (dorsal)• Cephalad (Cranial)• Medial• Lateral• Proximal• Distal

•What is the scientific name for the position in which this subject is standing?

Planes • Median (midsagittal) plane – divides body down

the middle into left and right halves • Sagittal – any plane parallel to the midsagittal

plane – SIDEWAYS• Horizontal (transverse) plane – divides the body

into top and bottom halves• Frontal (coronal) plane – divides the body into

front and back halves• Longitudinal section – cut long ways• Transverse section – cut across the middle

•Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts?•Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Tissue Sections• Cross section• Longitudinal (transverse) section• Oblique section

Cavities • Dorsal Cavity: contains organs of the nervous system

– Cranial Cavity– Spinal cavity

• Ventral Cavity: contains organs involved in maintaining homeostasis

– Thoracic cavity– Abdominopelvic cavity

Definitions

• Viscera – any organ• Peritoneum – membrane lining of the

abdominal cavity and abdominal organs• Parietal – walls of a cavity• Visceral – referring to an organ • Interstitial fluid – the fluid between cells