Republican Leadership in Republican Leadership in the 1920’sthe 1920’s

Complete RSG 12.3 Complete RSG 12.3

The Business of AmericaThe Business of America

NO TALKING AFTER THE NO TALKING AFTER THE BELL!BELL!

Due in 10 minutes!!!Due in 10 minutes!!!

CA Standard 11.5.1CA Standard 11.5.1

Discuss the policies of Discuss the policies of Presidents Presidents Warren HardingWarren Harding, , Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge, and Herbert , and Herbert Hoover.Hoover.

ObjectiveObjective

Students will be able to Students will be able to discuss the policies of discuss the policies of Presidents Presidents Warren HardingWarren Harding, , Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge, and Herbert , and Herbert Hoover by analyzing political Hoover by analyzing political cartoons.cartoons.

Video Clip: Video Clip: Three Republican PresidentsThree Republican Presidents

List all that you seeList all that you see What is this a map of?What is this a map of? Who were the candidates?Who were the candidates? What do each of the numbers in the state represent?What do each of the numbers in the state represent? Who won?Who won?

Warren G. Harding 1920-Warren G. Harding 1920-19231923

Americans wanted to Americans wanted to return to the return to the “good old “good old days”days” before WWI before WWI

Republican Warren G. Republican Warren G. Harding VS. Democrat Harding VS. Democrat James M. CoxJames M. Cox

Harding’s campaign Harding’s campaign slogan: slogan: “return to “return to normalcy” normalcy”

Warren G. Harding wins Warren G. Harding wins in a landslide and in a landslide and becomes presidentbecomes president

Key Domestic PoliciesKey Domestic Policies

Limited role of government:Limited role of government: Remove government Remove government

regulations of businessesregulations of businesses Return to laissez faire policies Return to laissez faire policies

Limited immigrationLimited immigration The Emergency Quota ActThe Emergency Quota Act

Limited immigration from Limited immigration from EuropeEurope

Key Foreign PoliciesKey Foreign Policies

IsolationismIsolationism Keep U.S. out of League of NationsKeep U.S. out of League of Nations Washington Naval ConferenceWashington Naval Conference

Nations agreed to disarmNations agreed to disarm Protect U.S. BusinessesProtect U.S. Businesses

Fordney–McCumber TariffFordney–McCumber Tariff Raised taxes on imports to 60%Raised taxes on imports to 60% Protected American businessesProtected American businesses

Key Event: Scandal Plagues HardingKey Event: Scandal Plagues Harding

““The Ohio Gang”The Ohio Gang” Corrupt friends of Harding’s Corrupt friends of Harding’s

cabinet who used their offices to cabinet who used their offices to become wealthy through graftbecome wealthy through graft

““The Teapot Dome” ScandalThe Teapot Dome” Scandal Albert Fall secretly leased Albert Fall secretly leased

government land to private oil government land to private oil companies. He received $400,000.companies. He received $400,000.

LegacyLegacy Died suddenly in 1923Died suddenly in 1923 A good-natured President A good-natured President

who’s administration was who’s administration was plagued with corruption.plagued with corruption.

““I have no trouble with my I have no trouble with my enemies…But my…friends, enemies…But my…friends, they’re the ones that keep they’re the ones that keep me walking the floor nights!”me walking the floor nights!”

Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929

Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge

Became President after Became President after Harding’s deathHarding’s death

1924 won presidency – 1924 won presidency – ““Keep Cool with Coolidge”Keep Cool with Coolidge”

Key Domestic PoliciesKey Domestic Policies Weed out the “Ohio Gang”Weed out the “Ohio Gang”

Kept most of Harding’s cabinet except Kept most of Harding’s cabinet except “Ohio Gang”“Ohio Gang”

Pro-business policiesPro-business policies Keep taxes down & business profits upKeep taxes down & business profits up Give businesses credit to expandGive businesses credit to expand Laissez-faireLaissez-faire

Key Event: Support of Big Key Event: Support of Big BusinessBusiness

His pro-business policies helped His pro-business policies helped the nation enjoy a period of the nation enjoy a period of prosperity.prosperity.

Between 1921-1929 the output Between 1921-1929 the output of industry nearly of industry nearly doubleddoubled““The Roaring ’20’s”The Roaring ’20’s”

Key Foreign PoliciesKey Foreign Policies ““Coolidge arrived in the presidency Coolidge arrived in the presidency

without experience in foreign without experience in foreign affairs,...he came to office with less affairs,...he came to office with less preparation to handle matters of foreign preparation to handle matters of foreign policy than any of his presidential policy than any of his presidential predecessors in the twentieth century.”predecessors in the twentieth century.”

Prevent WarPrevent War Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact

Renounces war as a national policy and Renounces war as a national policy and parties agree to peaceful means of parties agree to peaceful means of international differencesinternational differences

The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan Loaned Germany $2.5 billion to pay Loaned Germany $2.5 billion to pay

back France & Britainback France & Britain

LegacyLegacy Demands of the Presidency Demands of the Presidency

was so great he was so great he refusedrefused the the Republican nomination in Republican nomination in 19281928

Helped restore peoples faith Helped restore peoples faith in their government and the in their government and the Republican party.Republican party.

Herbert Hoover 1929-1933Herbert Hoover 1929-1933 Won election of 1928 Won election of 1928

against Alfred E. against Alfred E. SmithSmith (Democrat)(Democrat)

Believed in Believed in “rugged “rugged individualism”; individualism”; the idea the idea that people should that people should succeed through their succeed through their own efforts.own efforts.

““We in America are We in America are nearer the final nearer the final triumph over poverty triumph over poverty than ever before.”than ever before.”

Key Domestic PoliciesKey Domestic Policies Pro-business, conservative, belief in the Pro-business, conservative, belief in the

individual, advocate of small federal individual, advocate of small federal governmentgovernment Glass-Steagall ActGlass-Steagall Act (February 1932). (February 1932).

This measure changed Federal Reserve and gold This measure changed Federal Reserve and gold reserve reserve policiespolicies as a means to loosen credit. as a means to loosen credit.

Reconstruction Finance CorporationReconstruction Finance Corporation Lent up to $2 billion to large businesses and Lent up to $2 billion to large businesses and

companies.companies. "pump-priming" was created on the idea that by giving "pump-priming" was created on the idea that by giving

money to the businesses, the businesses would then give money to the businesses, the businesses would then give the money to their employees and would then end the the money to their employees and would then end the Great Depression. Great Depression.

Key Foreign PoliciesKey Foreign Policies

Hawley-Smoot Tariff:Hawley-Smoot Tariff: (June 1930). (June 1930). highest highest protectiveprotective tariff measure in tariff measure in

U.S. history. U.S. history. "Good Neighbor" Policy"Good Neighbor" Policy

reduce American political and reduce American political and military interference in military interference in Latin Latin AmericanAmerican affairs. affairs.

In sum, he pledged that the United In sum, he pledged that the United States would act as a States would act as a "good "good neighbor."neighbor."

Key Event: Stock Market Key Event: Stock Market CrashesCrashes

6 months after election the 6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst stock market crashed = worst depression in American depression in American HistoryHistory

LegacyLegacy

At the end of his administration, At the end of his administration, the formerly confident Hoover was the formerly confident Hoover was a beaten man. He had been a beaten man. He had been overwhelmingly defeated at the overwhelmingly defeated at the pollspolls, , unemployment unemployment continued to continued to soar and the nation was stilled by soar and the nation was stilled by a a major bank crisismajor bank crisis. As he waited . As he waited for Franklin Roosevelt to take for Franklin Roosevelt to take office, Hoover was tired, bitter and office, Hoover was tired, bitter and out of ideas.out of ideas.

Political Cartoon ActivityPolitical Cartoon Activity

What is the What is the opinion of opinion of the cartoon?the cartoon?

What What President President does it does it relate to?relate to?

What is the What is the opinion of opinion of the cartoon?the cartoon?

What What President President does it relatedoes it relate

What is the What is the opinion of opinion of the cartoon?the cartoon?

What What President President does it relatedoes it relate

What is the What is the opinion of opinion of the cartoon?the cartoon?

What What President President does it relatedoes it relate

Presidential Presidential SpeechesSpeeches

Harding, Coolidge, Harding, Coolidge, HooverHoover