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DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUSGRADE 8 - 9

Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Education

Republic of Zambia

Prepared and Published by Curriculum Development CentreP.O. Box 50092

Lusaka

© Curriculum Development Centre, 2013

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright owner.

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9 ii

Vision

Quality, lifelong education for all which is accessible, inclusive and relevant to individual, national and global needs and value systems

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9iii

Preface

The syllabus was produced as a result of the Curriculum review process carried out by the Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and EarlyEducation under the auspices of the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC). The curriculum reform process started way back in 1999 when the Ministry ofEducation commissioned five (5) curriculum studies which were conducted by the University of Zambia. These studies were followed by a review of thelower, middle basic and primary teacher education curriculum. In 2005 the upper basic education National survey was conducted and information fromlearners, parents, teachers, school managers, educational administrators, tertiary institutions, traditional leaders, civic leaders and various stakeholders ineducation was collected to help design a relevant curriculum.

The recommendations provided by various stakeholders during the Upper Basic Education National survey of 2005 and National symposium on curriculumheld in June 2009 guided the review process.

The review was necessitated by the need to provide an education system that would not only incorporate latest social, economic, technological and politicaldevelopments but also equip learners with vital knowledge, skills and values that are necessary to contribute to the attainment of Vision 2030.

The syllabus has been reviewed in line with the Outcome Based Education principles which seek to link education to real life experiences that give learnersskills to access, criticize, analyze and practically apply knowledge that help them gain life skills. Its competences and general outcomes are the expectedoutcomes to be attained by the leaners through the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and values which are very important for the total development of theindividual and the nation as a whole.

Effective implementation of Outcome Based Education requires that the following principles be observed: clarity of focus, Reflective designing, settinghigh expectations for all learners and appropriate opportunities.

It is my sincere hope that this Outcome Based syllabus will greatly improve the quality of education provided at Grade 8 and 9 as defined and recommendedin various policy documents including Educating Our Future`1996 and the `Zambia Education Curriculum Framework `2013.

Chishimba NkoshaPermanent SecretaryMINISTRYOF EDUCATION, SCIENCE,VOCATIONALTRAININGAND EARLYEDUCATION

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9 iv

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9v

Acknowledgements

The syllabus presented here is a result of broad-based consultation involving several stakeholders within and outside the education system.

Many individuals, institutions and organizations were consulted to gather their views on the existing syllabus and to accord them an opportunity to makesuggestions for the new syllabus. The Ministry of Education wishes to express heartfelt gratitude to all those who participated for their valuablecontributions, which resulted in the development of this syllabus.

The Curriculum Development Centre worked closely with other departments and institutions to create this document. We sincerely thank the Directorate ofTeacher Education and Specialized Services, the Directorate of Planning and Information, the Directorate of Human Resource and Administration, theDirectorate of Open and Distance Education, the Examinations Council of Zambia, the University of Zambia, schools and other institutions too numerous tomention, for their steadfast support.

We pay special tribute to co-operating partners especially JICAand UNICEF for rendering financial technical support in the production of the syllabus.

C.N.M Sakala (Mrs)Director-Standards and CurriculumMINISTRYOF EDUCATION, SCIENCE,VOCATIONALTRAININGAND EARLYEDUCATION

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9 vi

Contents

Preface........................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv

Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................... viii

GRADE 8

Workshop Practice .................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

Graphic Communication ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Design and Communication .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

Manufacturing Materials ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Electrical Engineering .............................................. ............................................................................................................................ 12

Bricklaying and Plastering ................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Entrepreneurship ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18

GRADE 9

Graphic Communication ........................................................................... .......................................................................................... 20

Design and Communication ............................................................................................................................................................... 22

Manufacturing Materials .................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Electrical Engineering........................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Bricklaying and Plastering.......... ............................................................................................................................................................ 29

Entrepreneurship ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 30

Project Evaluation Guide ....................................................................................................................................................................... 31

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9vii

Introduction

Technology is defined as a scientific skill that aims at improving the quality of life of mankind and this is mainly achieved either by the existingitem or by a completely new one in response to the need.

Therefore, Design and Technology provides an opportunity for the learners to identify needs and opportunities through exploration at home, school orcommunity. In this regard, the role of the teacher is to help the learners identify the needs and produce solutions.

Design and technological capability is enhanced through discussions and recording of ideas by means of drawings. The drawings act as a guide during themaking process as learners use tools and appropriate materials and produce artefacts.

The Junior Secondary School syllabus in Design and Technology will be developed in the strands outlined below.

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COMPONENT DESCRIPTIONGRAPHICCOMMUNICATION

This is the c ommunication by drawings or symbols . The main purpose is to help learners develop t heability to convey information about design proble ms, ideas and solutions by means of sketches anddrawings.

MANUFACTURINGMATERIALS

This area will expose learners to various materials and their properties. T his knowledge will help themchoose appropriate materials for any project and base their choice on: availability, cost andcharacteristics of each material.

While working with materials, learners w ill be using tools. Therefore, they will likewise learn aboutvarious types of tools, functions and use.

SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY

Systems Technology will focus on developing skills used in Structures, Mechanisms and Electronics.Learners will be helped to; identify how these are interrelated, their role in designing and makingcontrol systems.

ENTREPRENUERSHIP Entrepreneurship education is meant to prepare learners for an entrepreneurial career in life. Designand Technology offers learners an opportunity to buy materials, make and sell items.

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9 viii

AIMS OF TEACHING DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY

KEY COMPETENCIES

The aims of Design and Technology syllabus are to:

1. Foster the learners' awareness of local and national needs so as to contribute towards the attainment the Vision 2030;2. Equip learners with knowledge and skills so as to play an effective and productive role in the economic life of the nation;3. Promote positive attitudes towards the challenges of co-operation, work and self-employment.

In this regard, Design and Technology has been integrated with content in Bricklaying and Plastering, Carpentry and Joinery, Metal Fabrication and Weldingand Electrical Engineering .

Design and Technology will develop the following competencies:

to accommodate different learner interests and learning outcomes In this way, learners migrating out of the schoolingsystem will find opportunities for further vocational skills training.

COMPETENCIES DESCRIPTION

Investigative skills

Critical thinking: learners will have to come up with possibilities to tackle a particular need andchoose the preferred solution;Creative thinking learners will have to produce new ideas that will leading to a conclusion;Inquiring asking questions to obtain suggestions to facilitate solving of problems

Interpretational skills Learners’ ability to classify, convert, identify, explain and interpret evidence. This also involve sthe interpretation of patterns, sketches, models, charts and illustrations.

Application skillsDrawing, measuring and cutting. Conducting research and assessing informatio n from varioussources. Producing artefacts using materials. Application of knowledge in real life situations.

Communication skills Explaining, displaying, reporting, reading, listening, drawing and designing.

Valuing skillsSensitivity to needs, feelings and problems of self and others, cooperative behaviour, weightingindividual needs against the needs of others, commitment to the removal prejudices.Appreciating the beauty of the natural environment and preserving it for future generations

Participating skills Taking part in group work, through classroom discussions and presentations.

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9ix

SUGGESTED TEACHING METHODOLOGY

The Design and Technology syllabus encourages the learner-centred approach as prescribed in the Zambia Education Curriculum Framework. Theemphasis should be on and which will increase learner participation as individuals or in groups. Thisapproach maximises the quality of learning.

In order to develop learning with understanding, it is important to recognise that learners come to school with a wealth of knowledge and experience gainedfrom the family, community and through interaction with the environment. Therefore, learning in school must build on the learner's prior knowledge andexperience.

This is best achieved when learners are actively involved in the learning process through hands on activities. However, each learner has individual needs,pace of learning, experiences and abilities. Hence, the teacher must determine the needs of the learners and shape the learning experiences accordingly.Additionally, teaching methods must be varied and should include among others:

Working in PairsGroup WorkIndividual WorkField trip MethodProject MethodDiscussion MethodGuest SpeakerDemonstration MethodTeam Teaching

The teacher should have reasons for choosing a particular teaching method, employ strategies and techniques to make the lesson interesting.

The syllabus outlines the learning outcomes and the teacher must decide, when it is best to let learners or information for themselves; whenthey need or when they can be allowed to find own way through a topic. In this way, outcomes can be attained in a spiralmanner considering that in any lesson, different outcomes can be covered through knowledge, values and skills. The objective is to ensure that learners areable to apply the knowledge in real life situations.

skills, problem solving hands-on activities

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DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9 x

TIME ALLOCATION

OUTLINE OF THE SYLLABUS

The standard period allocation has been prescribed in the Zambia Education Curriculum Framework (ZECF) 2013. At Junior Secondary School level,Design and Technology will have periods per week. However, since the teaching of Design and Technology involves the production of anartefact, time for project work may vary from school to school as much of this will be done outside the prescribed teacher-learner contact time consideringthat facilities, materials and the level of the learners may also vary.

This syllabus seeks to instil a sense of appreciation for technology and to make sure that learners adapt and cope with the changing situations. It will alsoprovide learners with broader design and technology concepts and principles that will allow them to expand their thinking capacity to tackle real-lifesituations.

The main topics, sub-topics and outcomes are numbered for easy of reference. It is important to note that, some topics may be similar in both Grades 8 and 9,but the levels of knowledge and skills to be attained are not the same. Hence, when preparing lessons teachers should strive at building on what the learnersalready know.

While information concerning teaching of different skills, teaching methods and evaluation would be found in the Teacher's Guide, teachers should bemindful of the Specific Outcomes which are preceded by the General Outcomes. Therefore, scheming should be based on the Specific Outcomes and thecorresponding knowledge in the content column. In some cases, more lessons will be required before achieving a particular Specific Outcome.

twelve (12)

ASSESMENTS AND CERTIFICATION

All vocational training and learning achievements will be assessed and certified by the Technical Education, Vocational and Entrepreneurship TrainingAuthority (TEVETA). This means that learners taking Design and Technology at Junior Secondary School will acquire a level lll Trade Test Certificate inany of the following: Carpentry and Joinery, Metal Fabrication and Welding, Electrical Engineering and Bricklaying and Plastering alongside a Grade 9academic certificate from the Examinations Council of Zambia, signifying attainment of vocational skills and competencies and academic achievement.

The core theme of Design and Technology is problem solving and is best achieved through . This is because Project work provides a linkbetween and embedded in the three key stages: and .

Designing will involve making of the Portfolio and that learners at this level will be expected to useA4 paper in the folio production.

Project Worktheory practical Designing, Realising Evaluating

1 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9

GRADE 8

GENERAL OUTCOMES AND KEY COMPETENCIES

GENERAL OUTCOMES Demonstrate correct use of tools and good workmanship in the work room Demonstrate application of entrepreneurial skills in business management

Generate design ideas and develop proposals that meet the needs

KEY COMPETENCIES Show knowledge of applying safety precautions at all times. Demonstrate knowledge and ability to use geometrical concepts in

designing articles.

Demonstrate ability and

Demonstrate co-operation and tolerance in managing anentrepreneural activity.

skill of producing small artefact ofmarketable value using available materials

.

2DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9

Workshop Practice

TOPIC SUB TOPICSPECIFIC

OUTCOMESCONTENT

KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.1INTRODUCTIONTO DESIGN ANDTECHNOLOGY

8.1.1 Design andTechnology

8.1.1.1 Explain careerprospects instudying Designand Technology

Components of Design andTechnology: GraphicCommunication, Materials,Bricklaying, Systems Technolo-gy and Entrepreneurship

Career prospects in ElectricalEngineering, Carpentry, MetalFabrication, Welding, BuildingConstruction, Architecture,Entrepreneur

Identification ofcareer prospectsin studyingDesign andTechnology

Application ofDesign andTechnologyprinciples in dailylife

Appreciation ofcareer prospectsin studyingDesign andTechnology

Appreciation ofDesign andTechnology indaily life

8.1.2 Safety in theWork room

8.1.2.1 Apply safetyprecautions in theworkroom

Orientation to workrooms:working and marking areas

Safety precautions: safeworking habits, protectiveattire, daily routine, safety signscolours (red, yellow, green,light orange), safety equipment

Identification ofareas for specificactivities in theworkroom

Applying safetyprecautions

Awareness ofsafetyprecautions inthe workroom

Appreciation ofsafety rules toprevent accidents

8.1.3 First Aid 8.1.3.1 Apply basic firstaid techniques inthe workroom

First Aid Box and techniquesapplied in First Aid.

Application ofFirst Aid duringinjuries

Participating inemergency cases

8.1.4 FireProtection

8.1.4.1 Describe methodsof fire fighting

Methods of firefighting:Water, Chemical foam,Carbon dioxide, sand,extinguishing powder

Identification ofmethods of firefighting

Awareness offirefightingtechniques


TOPIC SUB TOPIC SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CONTENTKNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES

8.1.5 Ventilation andLighting

8.1.5.1 Describe the importanceof ventilation andlighting

Importance of ventilation:Reduction of suffocation,Extraction of fumes anddust, free flow of air

Types of ventilation: Airconditioners, windows, airextractors

Types of lighting: Natural(sun) and Artificial(Electric)

Identification ofmethods ofimproving ventilationand lighting

Application of typesof ventilation andlighting

Awareness ofways ofimprovingventilation andlighting to preventaccidents

Appreciation ofventilation andlighting to avoidaccidents

8.1.6 Protection oftheEnvironment

8.1.6.1 Describe ways ofmanaging waste fromwork rooms

Managing waste: wastedisposal (subsoil water,water coarse, solid wastedisposal)

Types of wastemanagement: Waste (solidwaste, sewer water)

Importance of wastemanagement: Improvedsanitation and healthenvironment

Identification ofmethods of managingwaste in theworkroom and thecommunity

Application ofmethods ofmanaging waste

Awareness ofways of managingwaste

Appreciation ofcare for theenvironment


Graphic Communication

8.2 PLANEGEOMETRY

8.2.1 DrawingLines

8.2.1.1 Construct linesfrom given data

Prepare Boarder lines(10mm all round) and theTitle Block.

Construct: (Perpendiculars,parallel lines; dividing a lineinto a number of parts andratio)

Construction ofborder lines andtitle block

Manipulation ofinstruments todraw parallel lines

Awareness of thestandard way ofpreparing drawingpaper

Awareness of the useof set squares whendrawing lines

TOPIC SUB TOPIC SPECIFICOUTCOMES

CONTENTKNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES

8.2.2 Angles 8.2.2.1 Construct angles Construct angles other than60˚, 90˚, 75˚, 30˚, 105˚

Accurateconstruction ofangles

Awareness ofmethods ofconstructing angles.

8.2.3 Triangles 8.2.3.1 Construct triangles Construct (Equilateral,Isosceles, Scalene, Acute,Obtuse and Right Angled)triangles using sides, anglesand perimeter.

Accurateconstruction oftriangles

Awareness ofmethods ofconstructingtriangles

8.2.4 Quadrilaterals 8.2.4.1 Constructquadrilaterals

Construct quadrilateralsgiven sides, angles anddiagonals (Rectangle,Square, Kite, Rhombus,Parallelogram, trapezium)

Accurateconstruction ofquadrilaterals

Awareness ofmethods ofconstructingquadrilaterals

8.2.5 Circles 8.2.5.1 Construct circlessatisfying givendata

Construct circles given theradius or diameter

Circumscribing andInscribing circles to triangles

Interpretation ofmethods ofconstructingcircles

Appreciation ofconstructing circlesaccurately


8.2.6 Polygons 8.2.6.1 Construct regularpolygons

Construct regular polygons:(Hexagons, Pentagons,Heptagons, Octagons) given:Side, diameter, AcrossCorners and Across Flats

Application ofmethods ofpolygons

Accurateconstruction ofregular andirregular polygons

Awareness ofmethods ofconstructing polygons

Appreciation ofpolygons in designwork8.2.6.2 Construct irregular

polygons Construct Irregular polygons:

(Hexagons, Pentagons)given sides and angles

8.3 PICTORIALDRAWING

8.3.1 Isometric andObliqueProjections

8.3.1.1 Constructdrawings inIsometric andObliqueProjections

Principles of Isometric andOblique Projection.

Isometric projection ofstraight edges, slantingedges, circles in isometric

Interpretation ofisometric andoblique drawings

Application ofpictorial drawings

Awareness ofprinciples ofIsometric and obliquedrawings

8.3.2 FreehandDrawing

8.3.2.1 Apply freehanddrawings tocommunicateideas

Principles of pictorialdrawing in freehand drawing.

Application offreehand sketchingof ideas.

Awareness ofexpressing ideas infreehand drawing

8.4ORTHOGRAPHIC

PROJECTION

8.4.1 OrthographicProjection

8.4.1.1 Transform simpleIsometric drawingsto OrthographicProjection

First and Third AngleProjections (add some hiddendetails)

Title Block data: Name,School, Title, Projection, andScale

Communication ofdetails of adrawing throughelevations

Accurateconstruction ofelevations

Awareness ofelevations inorthographic

Appreciation oforthographic drawingin design work

Adhering to thestandard way ofproducing elevationsin orthographic

8.4.1.2 Add the missingview to the givenones

Produce missing view:End Elevation or Plan

Interpretation oforthographicviews

8.4.1.3 Interpret simplebuilding drawings

Simple building drawings:Elevations and Plans, scaling

Interpreting ofbuilding drawings

Appreciation ofdrawings in building

TOPIC SUB TOPIC SPECIFICOUTCOMES

CONTENTKNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 9 6

Design and Communication

TOPIC SUB TOPIC SPECIFIC OUTCOMESCONTENT

KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.5 DESIGN

PROCESS8.5.1 Design

ProcessCycle

8.5.1.1 Produce a portfoliofrom the theme

Studying, defining andinterpreting the theme.Adapting the theme to reallife situations

Deriving a situation fromthe theme

Identifying a problemfrom the situation

Formulate design brieffrom the problem

Formulate relevantspecifications to guide thedesign activity

Conduct research Generate possible

solutions Development of chosen

solution Development Working

drawings and Time Plan Produce a detailed and

sequential productionplan of the intendedartefact

Communication ofdesign ideas inartefact production

Application of thedesign process inartefact making

Interpretation ofdesign details inartefact making

Application of criticalthinking to come upwith possibilities totackle a need andchoose the preferredsolution.

Awareness of thedesign process.

Appreciation ofthe role ofsystematicplanning insolving problems

Appreciation ofteam work inartefact making.



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.5.2 Realisation 8.5.2.1 Produce an artefact Gathering materials

Marking, cutting and shaping. Application of appropriate

finishes Produce an aesthetically

appealing artefact

Application of correcttools and methods inartefact makingPreparation ofmaterials in artefactmaking

Awarenessmethods ofmaking an artefact

Appreciation ofbeauty in artefactmaking

8.6 DESIGNING 8.6.1 Rendering 8.6.1.1 Apply enhancements ondrawings and variousmaterials

Enhancement of drawingsthrough: Colours,texturing, shading

Enhancement ofmaterials: timber, glass,metal, plastic

Communication of

Application ofenhancements onmaterials.

Awareness ofmethods of enhancesof various materials.

information throughenhancements

Appreciation ofenhancements inartefact making

8.6.2Symbols 8.6.2.1 Design symbols Designing symbols of:buildings, danger signs,directions

Symbols used inelectrical, buildingconstruction

Communication ofinformation throughsymbols

Interpretation themeaning of symbols

Awareness ofcommunicationthrough symbols

Appreciation ofsymbols incommunication

8.6.3 Logos 8.6.3.1 Design logos fromspecified information

Designing logos of:companies, clubs,organisations, schoolsfrom given information

Communication ofinformation throughlogos

Interpretation themeaning of logos

Awareness ofcommunicationthrough symbols

Appreciation ofsymbols incommunication


Manufacturing Materials


KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.7

MATERIALS8.7.1 Classification

of materials8.7.1.1 Classify materials Wood: Classify indigenous and

exotic trees suitable for timber.Properties of Softwood, hardwoodCross section of a log.Stages in timber processing: Felling,conversion, seasoningManufactured boards and uses:Particle boards, plywood

Metals: Properties of metalsFerrous metals : Carbon and alloysteels, cast ironsNon-ferrous metals: Zinc, tin,copper, lead, aluminiumAlloys: Brass, bronze, solder, steel,duraluminGeneral uses of metals

Plastics: Thermoplastics,Thermosets and their properties

General uses: eyeglass frames,toothbrushes, insulations, bottles,furniture

Identification ofmaterials used inconstruction

Classification ofmaterials used inartefact making

Application of theuse of differenttypes of materials

Appreciatingdifferent typesof materialsused inconstruction

Awareness ofqualities andbehaviour ofdifferentmaterials

8.7.1.2 Describe theeffects of heat onplastics

Plastic memory, bending, Vacuumforming, Press forming, coldcasting and embedding.

Investigatingeffects of heat onplastics.



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.7.1.3 Explain the effects of plastics

on the environment Effects of plastics on the

environment: Pollution Safe ways of disposing:

Recycling

Communicationof the effects ofplastics on theenvironment

Awareness ofthe effects ofplastics on theenvironment

8.7.2 Preparationof Materials

8.7.2.1 Prepare material to the requiredsizes

Material on the cutting lists Contents of the cutting list:

Quantity, length, width,thickness, types of material

Preparation procedure:measuring, marking,cutting, testing

Steel rule, try square,marking knife/gaugeUnits of measure: mm

Application ofthe stages ofpreparing materialbefore use

Preparation of

Measuring,marking andcutting materials

material beforeuse

Awareness ofthe stages ofpreparingmaterial beforeuse

Precision inmaterialpreparationbefore use

8.7.3Wasting ofMaterials.

8.7.3.1 Apply correct methods ofcutting materials

Wood: Saws, chisels,planes, spokeshavesMetal: Hacksaws, Files,Drill bits, chiselsPlastic: Coping saws,tenon saw and dovetail(including methods ofcutting curves)

Types and main parts of theabove tools

Application oftechniques ofwasting material

Application ofcorrect toolswhen wastingmaterial

Appreciation ofaccurate cuttingof materialsusing wastingtools.

8.7.3.2 Apply holding tools whencutting materials

Holding tools: Vices andsawing board

Uses and safety precautionswhen using holding tools

Application ofcorrect holdingtools whenwasting material

Appreciation ofholding toolswhen workingwith materials



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.7.4 Joining

Materials8.7.4.1 Apply different methods of

joining materials Permanent and temporary joints Wood: Stopped Housing, Stub

mortice and tenon, Single dovetail,nailing, screwing

Metal: Tinplate joints, rivetingsoldering, screwing threads

Welding: Materials andequipment: Arc welding(Connecting –ve and +veterminals), electric welding (50 –200 Amps), marking out , surfacecleaning, edge finishing

Tacking, laying a bead, weldingbead, quality finish

Plastic: Laminating

Application ofdifferentmethods ofjoiningmaterials

Application ofsafetyprecautionswhen joiningmaterials

Appreciatingvarious jointsused inprojects.

Awareness ofthe safetyprecautionsrequired whenjoiningmaterials

8.7.5 Adhesives 8.7.5.1 Apply adhesives when bondingmaterials

Use of: Casein, Animal, PVA,Contact, glue, PVC weld, Tensolcement

Characteristics of the aboveadhesives.

Procedure of applying adhesivesand application of holding tools.

Observe safety when workingwith glues

Application ofdifferent typesof adhesiveswhen joiningmaterials

Awareness ofsafetyprecautionswhen applyingadhesives



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.7.6 Fixings 8.7.6.1 Fix iron mongers Iron mongery for security:

Locks: Mortice locks, Rim locks,Night latch, Straight barrel bolt

For penetration - Nails: Frenchnail, panel pin, oval, roofing andupholstery nailsScrews: Countersunk, raised head,round head, self-tapping, Bolts andNuts, rivetsMain parts of screws and nailsincluding methods of nailing andscrewing

For movementHinges: Butt, Rising butt hinge,Scotch Tee hinge

Identificationof differenttypes offixings

Classificationof differenttypes offixings

Application ofdifferent typeson differentmaterials andin differentsituations

Application ofsafetyprecautionswhen fixingiron mongery

Awareness ofdifferent typesof fixings

Appreciatingdifferent typesof fixings

Awareness ofthe safetyprecautionsrequired whenworking onfixings


Electrical Engineering


KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES

8.8 BASICTECHNOLOGY

8.8.1 Energy 8.8.1.1 Identify forms andcommon sources of energy

Electrical, mechanical, (heat)Kinetic, potential Sources;fossils, bio, solar, tidal, wind,hydro, thermal.

Identification ofdifferent sourcesof energy.

Awareness ofsources ofenergy

8.9 ELECTRICAL

EQUIPMENT

8.9.1 OperatingElectricalEquipment

8.9.1.1 Operate electricalinstruments

Multi-meter - Electrical tests Voltmeter - Voltage Ammeter - Current

Tester - Linephase/conductorMeasuring resistance i nelectrical circuitsTesting Voltage in powercircuits and lightingMeasuring c urrent in acircuit

Identification ofdifferent types ofelectricalinstruments

Application ofelectricalinstruments in arequired situation

Awareness ofsafetyprecautionswhenoperatingelectricalinstruments

8.10DOMESTIC

INSTALLATIONS8.10.1ElectricalComponents andEquipment

8.10.1.1 Identify cable sizesused in installation

Cable Sizes used ininstallations:1.5mm lighting,2.5mm socket outlets,

64 mm cooker control and

geyser, 16mm service mains

Identification ofcable sizes usedin domesticinstallations

Application ofcables sizeswhen carryingout installations

Awareness ofcolour codingstandards




8.10.1.2 Install electricalcomponents

Installing: Sockets power point,switches, lamp holders,Lightening arrestor

Meter and distribution boxinstalling breakersWiring of earthing to the meter box

Electrical tools required: Pliers,hammer, chisel, Measuring tape,Fist wire, Screw driver, drillingmachine

Identification ofelectricalcomponents andrequired tools

Installation ofelectricalcomponents towalls

Awareness ofsafetyregulations wheninstallingelectricalcomponents

8.10.2 DomesticInstallations

8.10.2.1 Install ConduitPipes

Preparing wall for installation ofconduits chiselling

Install conduit Pipes Preparation of elbows, offsets, male and

female bushes

identification Installation of

conduit pipes

Awareness ofsafetyprecautionswhen installingconduits

8.10.2.2 Wire metre box anddistribution box

Installing Meter BoxCircuit breakers MCB tray

Installing distribution box:Circuit breakers, Neutral blocks

Installing breakers for:Lighting - 5ASocket outlet - 15ACooker - 30AMain - 60A

Installing the earth electrodeEarthing conductor Lighteningarrestor

Identification ofthe circuitbreakers

Wiring of themetre box anddistribution box

Installation of themetre box and thedistribution box

Awareness oftherecommendedcircuit breakers

Adherence tothe requiredstandards indomesticinstallation


Bricklaying and Plastering



8.11TRADE TOOLS 8.11.1 HandTools

8.11.1.1 Classify hand tools Classification of bricklayinghand tools:

Laying Tools : Building orbrick trowel, steel square)Wall Straightening tools :Spirit level, boat level,straight edgeCutting and Trimming tools:Bolster, cold chisel,club/lump hammer, brickhammerFinishing tools: pointingtrowel, hand hawk, woodenfloat, angle tools, wire brush,jointer, joint duster

Identification oftypes of handtools used inbricklaying

Classificationand correctstorage of handtools according touse

Cleaning of handtools

Awareness oftypes of handtools used inbricklaying

Appreciationof precautionsin handling andcaring for thehand tools

Appreciationof caring fortools

8.12 BUIILDINGMATERIALS

8.12.1 BuildingMaterials

8.12.1.1 Classify buildingmaterials

Classification of buildingMaterials:Binders (matrix): Types ofBinders Cement and limeAggregates (Pit sand, riversand, quarry dust, stones)Building units (Clay bricks,(making bricks) concreteblocks, (moulding bricks)Types of clay bricks: Wirecut, Machine processedClassification of clay bricksColour, variety

Identification oftypes of buildingmaterials

Classification ofbuildingmaterials

Awareness oftypes ofbuildingmaterials

Appreciation ofbuildingmaterials




8.12.1.2 Knead the clay Kneading the clay for bricks:(Clay preparation process)Add water, mix to plasticstate

Purpose of kneading clay forbrick making, Workability

Preparation ofclay to therequired standard

Awareness ofthe standardclay mixtureto producequality bricks

8.12.1.3 Make clay bricks Methods of making claybricksSoft processesdry processes

Moulding procedure:Place mix or clot in mouldCompact, cut excessreleasing brick from mould

Methods of drying claybricksArtificial drying (hot floor,chamber, tunnel)Natural drying (Sun dried)Dry clay bricks

Identification ofmethods ofmaking claybricks

Application ofthe methods andprocedure ofmoulding anddrying claybricks

Awareness ofmethods ofmaking claybricks

Appreciationof mouldingquality bricksto earn a living

Appreciationof safetyprecautionswhen dryingbricks

8.12.1.4 Construct brick kilns Types of kilns : Clamp kilnsDown drought kiln, Hoffmankilns, Continuous kilnsSetting out of a kilnMake stacks, create a shadeMark the area, establish thegauge

Construction of brick kilns

Application ofthe stages ofmaking a brickkiln

Awareness oftypes of kilns

Appreciationof makinggood kilns toavoid wastageof bricks




8.12.2ConcreteBlocksmaking

8.12.2.1 Mix materials for blockmaking

Materials: cement, sand water Mixing of materials: Dry

mixing, Wet mixing Reasons for mixing:

Uniformity in materialproportioning ,Common strength achieved

Water control: Improvestrength, Avoid ing shrinkage,Strength measure

Identification ofmaterials used inblock making

Application ofstandardproportions ofmixing materialsin block making

Awareness ofthe standardproportions ofmixingmaterials whenmaking blocks

Appreciation ofwater control toproduce qualityblocks

8.12.2.2 Mould blocks Types of moulding processesBy hand, By machine

Categories of various types ofMoulding processes:Commercial and domestic

Moulding procedureBatching, Mixing, Moulding

Application ofthe methods ofmoulding blocks

Awareness ofmethods ofmoulding blocks

Appreciation ofmoulding toproduce qualityblocks

8.12.2.3 Cure cement sand blocks Methods of curingSand spray, Wet soa kingChemical spray, Ponding

ImportanceAchieve strengthBecome durableDensity of block is improved

Application ofthe methods ofcuring blocks thatare strong anddurable

Awareness ofmethods ofcuring blocks

Appreciation ofcuring blocks toavoid wastage

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS - Grade 8 - 917



8.12.2.4 Stack blocks Reasons for stacking: Save costs,breakage minimised, reduceaccidents, improves workmanship

Methods of stacking: Stack rows,Bonded rows

Method of storing blocksin warehouses, under cover of hay,tents

Importance: Keep away fromweather elements

Identification ofmethods ofstacking blocks

Application ofmethods ofstacking andstoring blocks

Classification ofmethods ofstacking blocks

Awareness ofmethods ofstacking andstoring blocks

Appreciation ofstacking andstoring blocks toavoid wastage

8.12.3 Mortar 8.12.3.1 Prepare Mortar Types of mortarCharacteristics, CompositionRatios, Mixing proceduresbatching of materials

Mixing ofmaterials to makemortar

Honesty whenmixing materialsto recommendedproportions

8.13BONDINGOFBRICKWORK

8.13.1Introduction towallConstruction

8.13.1.1 Build brick walls Parts of a brick Importance of bonding brickwork,

methods of laying bricks, Build brick walls : 10mm brick thick using stretched

bond with stopped ends 100 mm brick thick return corner

in stretcher bond 100 mm brick on thick double

return corner in stretcher bond T-junction with tooth and stopped

ends 100 mm brick on thick cross

junction in stretcher bond

Application ofbonding rules

Application oflapping of bricks

Avoidance ofstraight joints

Awareness ofmethods ofbonding walls

Appreciation ofgoodworkmanshipwhen layingbricks


Entrepreneurship


KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES8.14ENTREPRENEURSHIP

8.14.1EntrepreneurialActivities inDesign andTechnology

8.14.1.1

8.14.1.2

Explain the benefits of

Identify entrepreneuralactivities in Design andTechnology

engaging in entrepreneurialactivities

Why people engagein entrepreneurialactivities: Use oflocal raw materials,alternative career,development of self-reliance, developmentof rural communities,reduction in incidencesof crimeEntrepreneural activities:Design and Technology:Carpentry, Welding,Electrical, buildingproducts and services.

Identification ofentrepreneurialactivities inDesign andTechnology

Application ofvariousentrepreneurialactivities inDesign andTechnology

Awareness ofentrepreneurialactivities inDesign andTechnology

Appreciation ofentrepreneurialactivities inDesign andTechnology

8.14.1.2 Make business plans for anentrepreneurial activity

Identification ofentrepreneurialactivities, Start-upcosts, fixed costs,marketing,advertising

Identification ofthe componentsof the businessplan

Application ofthe businessplans for anentrepreneurialactivity

Appreciation ofthe importanceof in makingbusiness plans

Appreciation ofteamwork whenmaking abusiness plan

8.14.1.3 Implement business plans Analysing activitiesfor projects

Start-up capital:contributions, loans,borrowing fromfriends or school

Identification ofways of raisingfunds for theentrepreneurialactivity

Implementationof the businessplan

Awareness ofways of raisingfunds for thebusiness plan

Appreciation ofthe reasons formaking abusiness plan


GENERAL OUTCOMES

Apply geometrical constructions in designing

Demonstrate ability to manage a small business

KEY COMPETENCIES

Demonstrate ability to produce an artefact based on the details in theportfolio

Display basic skills to construct structures from available materials

Demonstrate

Display basic skills to conduct domestic installations.

ability to manage an entrepreneural activity.

GRADE 9

GENERAL OUTCOMES AND KEY COMPETENCIES


Graphic Communication


KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES9.1 PLANE

FIGURES9.1.1 Tangents 9.1.1.1 Construct tangents

Construct

Types of targents

tangents to apoint, on and away fromthe circumference, radiuscorners

Accuracy whenconstructingtangents to circles

Application oftangents in designwork

Awareness ofmethods ofconstructingtangents

9.1.2 Circles inContact

9.1.2.1 Construct circles incontact

Construct circles incontact: (Internal andexternal to two equal andunequal circles)

Accuracy in

Neatness whenblending curves.

Accuracy whenjoining ellipses.Neatness whenblending ellipses.

Accuracy when joiningcurves of an ellipse

blending of curves Awareness of

methods ofconstructingcircles in contact

9.1.3 Ellipse 9.1.3.1 Construct an ellipse Construct ellipses usingConcentric Circle andRectangle MethodsMinor axis, Major axes,focal points

Application ofellipses in designwork

Appreciation ofmethods ofobtaining ellipticalshapes

9.2SURFACEDEVELOPMENT

9.2.1 SurfaceDevelopmentof Solids

9.2.1.1 Develop surfaces ofsolids

Surface development of:plain and truncatedprisms (triangular,rectangular, hexagonal,pentagonal), plain andtruncated cylinders.

Application ofsurfacedevelopment indesigning andmaking artefacts

Appreciation ofsurfacedevelopment indesign work



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES9.3ORTHOGRAPHICPROJECTION

9.3.1 Projection ofSolids

9.3.1.1 Project prisms andcylinders

Projections of plain andtruncated prims(hexagonal andpentagonal)

Plain and truncatedcylinders

Drafting of solids inorthographic

Accuracy inprojectingelevations of solids

Awareness ofprojecting solids inorthographic

Appreciation ofdifferentorthographic views

9.3.2 OrthographicProjection

9.3.2.1 Produce sectionalelevations from thegiven views

Projection of sectionalelevations and plans

Cutting plane,sectioning, sectionsubtitle, hatching lines,sectioning of webs andcurved surfaces.

Interpreting ofsectional elevations

Accuracy inprojectingelevations

Concentration inproducingelevations

Projection of neatand well-spacedelevations

Appreciation ofplanning inorthographicdrawing

9.3.3 WorkingDrawings

9.3.3.1 Produce workingdrawings for anartefact

Pictorial isometric,detail drawings,assembly drawings,parts list, cutting list

Sketching freehandworking drawings

9.4 GRAPHICS 9.4.1 Introductionto ComputerDrawing.

9.4.1.1 Draw basic 2-dimensional shapesusing a computer

By Layer: Line type,line weight, colour,scale(Use of AutoCAD,Corel draw, Sketch up)

Application ofcomputers indrawing

Awareness ofcomputer drawing

Appreciation ofcomputers indrawing anddesigning


Design and Communication


KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES9.5 DESIGN

PROCESS9.5.1 Evaluation 9.5.1.1 Appraise the artefact in

line with the brief andspecifications

Test the artefact whetherit meets the brief andspecifications

Analysis of artefactproviding strengths andweaknesses

Suggest possiblemodifications

Outline limitations indesigning and making theartefact

Testing theproduct.

Analysing aspectsof evaluation toascertain itssuitability

Communicatingaspects ofevaluation

Awareness of theneed to suggestmodifications to theartefact

Honesty in statingwhether the artefactmeets the brief andspecifications

9.6PORTFOLIO

9.6.1 PortfolioPresentation

9.6.1.1 Produce portfolios Portfolio presentation:content (drawings, data),sequencing (arrangingall components of theportfolio sequentially),binding (stapling, spiralbinding)

Draw design ideas usinga variety of graphicaltechniques, enhanceideas using a variety ofpresentation techniques

Communicatinginformationgraphically andin writing

Organisingmaterial andotherrequirements

Keeping portfoliorecords orderly

Participating ingroup work inproblem solving



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES9.7SYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY

9.7.1 Structures 9.7.1.1 Apply the concept offorces in structures

Types of structures:Natural and artificial(Shell and Frame)

Types of forces instructures : Static anddynamic

Identification ofstructures

Observing thebehaviour offorces instructures

Appreciatingharmoniousstructures.

Awareness ofworking withforces

9.7.1.2 Apply methods ofstrengthening andstabilising structures.

Methods: Strength,Stability, Rigidity, ties andstruts

Application ofmethods ofstabilizingstructures

Appreciation ofthe importanceof strongstructures.

9.7.2 Mechanisms 9.7.2.1 Identify different types ofmechanisms

Forms of motions, typesof mechanisms: (levers,linkages, input and outputmovements)

Identifications oftypes ofmechanisms

Awareness oftypes ofmechanisms

Appreciation ofmechanisms inartefact making

9.7.2.2 Apply mechanisms inartefact making

Application ofmechanisms in artefactmaking

Application ofmechanisms inartefact making

9.7.3 Electronics 9.7.3.1 Construct simpleelectronic circuits

Design electronic circuits: Construction of electronic

circuits: Application of resistors,

capacitors, transistors,diodes, (semi-conductors)bread board (circuitboard)

Drawingelectroniccircuit diagrams

Construction ofelectroniccircuits fromdiagrams

Awareness ofhealth hazardswhenconstructingelectroniccircuits


Manufacturing Materials


KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES9.8 MATERIALS 9.8.1 Heat

Treatment9.8.1.1 Apply methods of heat

treatment on metals Methods of heat treatment:

Hardening, annealing,normalising, tempering,casehardening

Application ofmethods oftreating metals

Appreciation ofthe effects of heaton metals

9.8.2 ImpellingTools

9.8.2.1 Apply impelling tools injoining materials

Types and uses of hammers(Claw, cross pane, ballpane), mallets (carpenter’smallet, rubber mallet), andscrewdrivers (LondonPattern, cabinet pattern)

Identification ofimpelling tools

Correct handlingof impelling toolswhen workingwith materials.

Awareness of theuses of impellingtools

Appreciation ofsafety rules whenusing impellingtools

9.8.3 FinishingMaterials

9.8.3.1 Apply finishes to the product Pre-finishing processes:glass paper, emery clothsanding techniques

Types and methods offinishing: Varnish, paint, oil,polish, wax, stain, plasticcoating, blueing, banishing

Tools for applying finishes:brushes, spray guns

Safety precautions whenapplying finishes

Application ofappropriatefinishes onartefacts

Correct use ofequipment usedin applyingfinishes

Awareness ofvarious types offinishes

Observe safetyprecautionswhen applyingfinishes




9.9 HOUSEFITTINGS

9.9.1 In-builtFittings

9.9.1.1 Construct in-builthouse fittings

Types of house fitting : In-builtwardrobes and in-built kitchenpantriesParts: Shelves, runners/cleats,hanging rods in wardrobes

Procedure of constructing in-built house fittings:Mark position for runners/cleatsFix shelves on therunners/cleats

Identification ofparts and types ofin-built fittings

Fixing in-builthouse fittings

Awareness of in-built housefittings

Producing neatin-built housefittings

9.9.2 FittingDoors

9.9.2.1 Fix doors to in-built house fittings

Procedure of fixing doors:Mark position for door liningsFix door linings, mark out fordoors, Fix door iron mongery,Fix doors

Fixing doors toin-built housefittings

Fixing doors toin-built housefittings neatlyand accurately

9.10 ROOF

CONSTRUCTION

9.10.1 SimpleRoofs

9.10.1.1 Erect flat roofs Flat roofs: These are the roofswhich have a slope of less than10 degreesThrows rain water on one endThe for span should not bemore than 5mSlope formed by firring pieces

Procedure of erecting a flatMeasure the span of the roomPrepare and fix: joistsaccording to span, wall plate,firring pieces, purlins,paint the frame with theappropriate wood preservative,secure the roofing sheets

Identification therequired materialfor constructinga flat roof

Constructing aflat roof

Applying theappropriatefinish andpreservative to aflat roof

Observing safetyprecautionswhenconstructing aflat roof

Appreciation ofan accurate andneatlyconstructed flatroof




9.10.1.2 Erect lean-toroofs

Lean-toroofs: Type of roofsupported by an already existing wall,Single pitched roof

Procedure of erecting a lean-to roofMeasure the span of the roomPrepare and fix: abutment piece, wallplate, joists (beams), purlins, paintthe frame with the appropriate woodpreservative, secure the roofing sheetsAbutment piece: This is the timberthat is secured to the wall where thejoists rest

Identification ofthe requiredmaterial for alean-to-roof

Constructing alean-to-roof

Application ofthe appropriatefinish andpreservative to alean-to-roof

Observing safetyprecautions whenconstructing alean-to-roof

Appreciation ofan accurate andneatlyconstructed lean-to-roof

9.10.2 RoofMaterials

9.10.2.1 Describematerials used inroof construction

Materials used in roof construction:timber, iron sheets, tiles, slates,asbestos sheets, roofing nails, wirenails, J-hooks

Sizes of materials used in roofconstruction:Timber: - Joists – 150 x 50mm,Wall plate 100 x 50mm,Fascia board 150 x 25mm,

25mm x 200mmPurlins 75mm x 50mmFirring Pieces 100 mm x 50 mm

150 mm x 50 mmNails: 3”, 4”, 5”wire nails

Identifyingmaterials used inroof construction

Cutting materialsfor roofconstructionaccurately

Adherence to therequiredstandards used inconstruction

Appreciation offollowing therequiredmeasurementswhen usingprescribedmaterials




9.10.2.2 Describe materials usedin roof covering

Roof coverings:Asbestos sheets and sizes1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m, 2.1m, 2.4m, 2.7m,3.0m, 3.3m., 3.6mIron sheets and sizes1.5m, 2m, 2.5m,3m, 3.5 mTiles and sizesApprox. 250 x250 & 350 x 350Note measurement in mm

Identifying typesof roof coveringmaterials

Awareness oftypes of roofcoveringmaterials

9.10.2.3 Fix roof coverings onsimple roofs

Procedure of fixing of roof coveringson simple roofs:Measure the length of buildingSelect correct number of roofcoveringsSelect correct fixing devicesLay the first line of roofing sheetsand secure them to purlins by nailingLay the remaining securing them byoverlapping 1 ½ corrugations in caseof iron sheet and 1(one) corrugationin asbestos sheetsPrepare and fix fascia boardFascia board – The timber that isfixed at the end of joists in order to: Hide the end grains Beautify the building Provide for the fixing of the gutter

Fixing roofcoveringmaterials onsimple roofs

Applying correctmethods ofsecuring roofcoverings

Fixing roofcoverings neatlyand accurately

Observing safetyprecautions whenfixing roofcoverings


Electrical Engineering



9.11INSTALLATIONSAND APPLIANCES

9.11.1DomesticInstallations

9.11.1.1 Install equipmentand materials

Installing Socket OutletsRing connectionRadial connection

Installing lighting circuitsParallel connectionSeries connection

Installing Cooker ControlUnit and Geyser

Installingequipment andmaterials fordomesticinstallation

Application ofseries andparallelconnections

Awareness ofequipment andmaterials fordomesticinstallation

Observing safetyprecautions whenmakinginstallations

9.11.1.2Test installedequipment

Testing Polarity: Ensure thatall conductors are connectedin a live phase

Testing insulation resistance Testing Continuity of circuit

(Voltage drops in series andparallel circuit)

Identifyingequipment fortestinginstallations

Testing theinstallations

Observing safetyprecautions whenmakinginstallations

Awareness oftesting installedequipment

9.11.2 Repair ofDomesticAppliances

9.11.2.1 Repair domesticappliances

Principle of operation ofpressing iron, stove, electrickettle

Fault diagnostic procedures Repairing Pressing Irons ,

kettles and stoves (Checkingelements and fuse on plugs,replacing elements Asbestorcables, Neutral blocks , Ovenelements, Knobs)

Conducting afault diagnosticprocedure

Repairing ofdomesticappliances

Application offault diagnosticprocedures

Observing safetyprecautions whenrepairingdomesticappliances

Appreciation ofsafetyprecautions


Bricklaying and Plastering

TOPIC SUB TOPICSPECIFIC

OUTCOMESCONTENT


9.12BONDING OFBRICKWORK

9.12.1 WallConstruction

9.12.1.1 Build walls Setting out the first course: Markingout, Dry bond

Build the wall: lay the bricks, squarethe first course, gauge the brick,plumb the corners, level the courses

200 mm wall in English bond: withstopped ends; return corner wallwith stopped ends; cross junctionwall and apply bonding rules;toothed ends in English Garden wallbond

Lay out 200 mm wall using Flemishbond with stopped ends; returncorner and stopped ends; returncorner wall with raked ends; toothedends in Flemish Garden wall bond

Accuracy insetting out andbuilding the brickor block wall

Application ofbonding rules inwall construction

Identification ofEnglish andFlemish bonds

Awareness insetting out andbuilding thebrick or blockwall

Awareness ofbonding rules inwall construction

9.13 JOINTINGANDPOINTING

9.13.1 Jointingand Pointing theWalls

9.13.1.1 Joint andpoint differenttypes of walls

Types of joints (tooled, weathered,stuck, flush joints)

Application of joints i.e. tooled point,tuck pointing, and weather pointing

Factors to consider when jointing:Wall to be fresh

Types of tools to use, process ofjointing as work proceeds

Jointing procedures: apply fresh orplastic mortar

Identification ofjoints

Application offactors whenjointing walls

Application oftools in thejointing process

Distinguishingthe differentprocesses ofjointing andpointing

Awareness ofjointing andpointing ofwalls



KNOWLEDGE SKILL VALUES9.14ENTREPRENEURSHIP

9.14.1BusinessManagement

9.14.1.1 Manage smallbusiness

Business management:Organising, supervising,service provision.

Becoming a criticalconsumer: calculate costprice, selling price,profit/loss

Identification ofvarious recordsin businessmanagement

Record keepingand monitoringof activities.

Appreciation ofbudgeting inbusinessmanagement

Appreciation ofrecord keeping inbusinessmanagement

Teamwork inmanaging a smallbusiness

Tolerance ofdifferentpersonalities inthe businessventure

9.14.1.2Manage credit Choose an appropriatepayment method:Instalments, Banks stoporder, Cash

Managing risk andemotion: distinguishbetween credit, debit,borrowing and saving

Budgeting whenmanagingbusiness

Application ofproblem solvingskills

Management ofemotions inentrepreneurialactivities

9.14.1.3 Present finalaccounts for theBusiness

Prepare final accounts forthe business

Income and expendituresheet

Present the final businessaccounts

Liquidation of theentrepreneurial activity

Preparation ofincome andexpenditure sheet

Application ofinitial agreedbusinessguidelines

Entrepreneurship


APPENDIX 1

PROJECT EVALUATION GUIDETICK YOUR SELECTION BELOW

I made a …………………………………………………………

Did you work with somebody else? YES NO VERYPLEASED PLEASED

FAIRLYHAPPY UNHAPPY

I DID NOTDO THIS

PART

Investigation I carried out an investigation and feel

Research I carried out research and feel

Ideas I sketched various ideas and feel

Models I made a model and feel

Development I developed my design and feel

Planning I planned my work step-by-step and feel

Making I made my design and feel

If it was made again, how could it be improved?Explain using notes or/and sketches

I liked disliked this project? Tick a box, then given a reason for your answer:

What was the most difficult part to make? Explain your answer.

How did you improve or alter your design as it was made?

How did you test work, to make sure it did what it was supposed to do?

What did other people say about your work? (e.g. parents, teachers, industrial advisers etc.)

Who did you ask and what comments did the make?

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