republic of azerbaijan · drinking water with gost 2874-82 -“potable water” standards, except...

REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

AZERBAIJAN AMELIORATION AND WATER FARM JOINT STOCK

COMPANY

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT FOR WATER SUPPLY AND WASTEWATER SYSTEM

INVESTMENTS FOR 4 RAYONS (AGSU, ISMAYILLI, SIYAZAN AND SHABRAN)

WITHIN SECOND NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

SHABRAN RAYON

EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria, S.L Hydrometeorology Consulting Company

Updated by H.P. Gauff Ingenieure Gmbh & Co. KG / Temelsu Engineering Services Inc.

Baku- December 2013

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABREVIATIONS ...............................................................................................................................4 EXECUTİVE SUMMARY… ………………………………………………………………………………..5

1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………...28 1.1 Context of the EIA ………………………………………………………………………….28 1.2 Purpose of the EIA …………………………………………………………………............30 1.3 Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………..31

2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK……………………………………35 2.1 Policy Framework ………………………………………………………………………….35 2.2 Legal Framework …………………………………………………………………………...39 2.3 Administrative Framework …………………………………………………………………41

3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ………………………………………………………………………….45 3.1 Problem Statement…………………………………………………………………………..45 3.2 Project Identification ………………………………………………………………………..49 3.3 Map of project area and the location of project infrastructure to be included………............59

3.4. Legal and Institutional Strengthening……………………………………………………….61

4.0 BASELINE DATA ………………………………………………………………………………….63 4.1 Bio-Physical Description of Project Area ………………………………………………….63 4.2 Socio-Economic Description of the Project Area ………………………………………….70 4.3 Projected Changes In Project Area…………………………………………………………74 4.4 Data Reliability …………………………………………………………………………….75 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ………………………………………………………….76 5.1 Environmental Issues…………………………………………………………………….…76 5.2 Potential Positive Project Impacts ……………………………………………………….…77 5.3 Potential Negative Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures ……………………………..78 5.4 Data Evaluation …………………………………………………………………………….90

6.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES …………………………………………………………………91 6.1 No Project Scenario ………………………………………...................................................92 6.2 Water Supply System improvement only …………………..................................................93

6.3 Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement ………………………95 7.0 PUBLIC CONSULTATION……………………………………………………………………….98

8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN …………………………………………………107 8.1 Application of Mitigation Measures …………………………………………………….110 8.2 Monitoring ………………………………………………………………………………122 8.3 Capacity assessment for the Environmental management of the Project …………...127

List of references……………………………………………………………………………128 ANNEXES…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 129 ANNEX I. Project Area in Shabran region ANNEX II. Proposed WS option

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Annex III. Proposed Sewage System option

ANNEX IV. Proposed alternative Sewage System option ANNEX V. Proposed water distribution system ANNEX VI. Water requirements and standards

ANNEX VII. water quality analysis results of Shabran ANNEX VIII . characteristics of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water ANNEX IX. Summary report of consultation meetings with key stakeholders ANNEX X. Public meeting on discussion of EIA report

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ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AZERSU Azersu Joint Stock Company AZN AZN Azeri New Manats AWMC Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management Open Joint Stock Company FS Feasibility Study HH Household IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank) IT Information Technology IDA International Development Association IDP Institutional Development Plan masl Meters above sea level MENR Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources mm Millimeters MoH Ministry of Health O&M Operation and Maintenance P.A. Per Annum PIU Project Implementation Unit Project Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project - Feasibility Study for 16

Rayons in Azerbaijan SNWSSP Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project SSC State Statistics Committee TOR Terms of References UN United Nations VAT Value Added Tax WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WSS Water supply and sanitation WW Wastewater WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. GENERAL

The Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation (SNWSS2) Project is financed by the Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank. The employer for the project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC) . The first phase of the project includes Aghsu, Ismayilli, Shabran and Siyezen rayons. This feasibility report has been concentrated on Shabran (Devechi). Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to assess the environmental and social impacts of project and to identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development. Final EIA study provided recommendations on mitigation measures and proposes an environmental management and monitoring plan. This Environmental Impact Assessment report is an update of the report submitted by EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria, S.L Hydrometeorology Consulting Company. The update of this report has been realized by H.P. Gauff Ingenieure Gmbh & Co. KG /Temelsu Engineering Services Inc on request of World Bank.

Shabran is located in the north-east of the Great Caucasus. In the east it is bounded by the Caspian Sea. Total area of the rayon is 1088 sq km. The rayon comprises 68 villages. There are 23.600 (year 2012) people living in Shabran town, the administrative center of the rayon.

The project service area for water supply will include the Sincanboyat and Surra villages.The wastewater from Surra Village is taught to be collected as well as refugee camp located at the northeast of Shabran rayon center. Estimated population to be connected figures for water supply around 28,600 and for sewerage and wastewater treatment is 27,800 for year 2030. 2. EXISTING SITUATION Water Supply There are no water sources in Shabran or in the nearby area. The population of the rayon and the some nearby villages is supplied from Baku Water Pipe I and II. No meters are present at key water collection points. Records obtained form the local Birleshmish Sukanal Authority indicate that the amount of water consumed in overall Shabran Rayon is around 3,5 millon m3/year. Water is supplied by gravity and pumped to the distribution network. Overall, the drinking water service in the rayon of the Shabran is characterized as unsound and unable to satisfactorily fulfill the basic utility mandate of community service. The consumed water is disinfected inconsistently. The service area of the “urban centre” water supply system, the focus of this evaluation, encompasses about 14,400 person or 67.3 percent of the town of Shabran. The construction of the water distribution network has been started in 1985 and ended in 1995. The main pipe material is steel. The total length of the distribution network is around 87,5 km. Only 20% of the existing pipes are less than 10 years old. Significant amount of water leakage has been observed from pumps, valves and pumping station manifolds during site visits. Maintenance and repair activities do not include periodic preventive maintenance, but emergency actions. Some emergency actions are being undertaken in relevant situations..

Existing water resources would meet current demand with proper design, maintenance and management of the pipe network (to reduce leakages, maintain pressure levels and control customer usage). However, these resources are squandered. Laboratory tests made during the project preparation shows compliance of drinking water with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water” standards, except for bacterialogical standards.

There are two main and one small water reservoir exist in the Shabran rayon center. Volumes of the bigger ones are 1,500 and 200 m3 whereas the small one has a volume of 10 m3 and is located at the central pumping station. The biggest water reservoir has been constructed without consideration of the pressure requirements according to the location and elevation conditions of the Shabran rayon center.

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Wastewater System: Wastewater is mainly collected in simple wells (shambo) owned by consumers. Untreated wastewater is collected via canals and underground drainage to non-official areas. No part of the rayon is served by an official community sewerage system. The primary sources of wastewater are the residential population and commercial activities In most areas no a sewer network exists, so that wastewater is mostly disposed either in ditches along the roads or in pits within the properties. The discharge of sewage around the houses - especially during summer – has led to concerns on children’s health. According to health statistics of Shabran Rayon between 2000 and 2009, the most common water borne disease is viral hepatitis. Its occurrence averages is app. 5.8 in a year. Acute intestinal infections, dysentery and salmonellas follow viral hepatitis with 3.9, 1.4 and 0.5 occurrences in a year respectively. Water source diseases are thought to be decreased in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon.

Currently a sewerage collection system is under the construction within the Shabran rayon center which is expected to be completed in year 2010.

There is no central wastewater treatment plant. Houses are equipped with cesspits to which the wastewater is discharged. The sludge collected in the pits is regularly removed by suction trucks and illegally discharged to the surrounding area.

3. PROBLEMS

Water has been supplied intermittently, and a water supply system has not been provided for half of population. The hygienic conditions within the houses are poor due to unsupplied drinking water. Some families pay for water supplied by truck. Most of the houses don’t have a water metering device therefore their payment has been decided by an inspector of Local Birleshmish Su Kanal Authority. A large amount of water leakage was observed at the pump stations of water system. Physical and administrative losses sum up to estimated loss rates of more than 70%. Untreated wastewater discharged to the small canals and wastewater seeping from the septic tanks to ground result in groundwater contamination, odor and hygienic problems in Shabran rayon center. in addition, ground water resources which are partly used by the consumers in Shabran Rayon center are contaminated with the wastewater leaking from the septic tanks and reaching to the aquifers. The sewerage system under construction is not designed well to make house connections efficiently Also unhealthy situation of the existing wastewater treatment plant imposes health and safety conditions of the people living around it. In detail, existing problems can be outlined as follows: General • Depletion of existing WSS assets due to lack of sustainable investments and insufficient capacities for

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) • Little appreciation of public infrastructure sector and its organizations due to bad quality and service –

consumers implement their individual solutions without a general concept • Provisional solutions become permanent solutions – mostly in consequence of damages and due to the

limited budgets • Low awareness of hygienic interrelations of water supply, wastewater disposal and livestock farming

cause high rates of water borne diseases • Major WSS supply lines and other facilities often affected by landslides and earthquakes Water Supply • Lack of mechanism for application of legislation to water withdrawal from Water Transmission

Pipelines, • No sound legal protection of future investments • Limited number and capacity of water supply pumps and reservoirs – no extension according to

growth of population and industry • Damages caused by great age, low material quality and insufficient installation depth of pipes lead to

high losses within the water distribution network

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• Interrupted water supply and temporarily empty pipes cause bad water quality at house connections (bacteria, sediments, rust etc.)

• Hygienic problems by private water storage tanks • New water supply lines/areas were implemented on the standards of the old systems i.e. regular steel

pipes and manually operated pumps and valves • Manual operation of the water distribution system – no automation and control • Preference of gravity flow systems and bad reputation of pumps – as high manual effort and energy

cost necessary to operate the existing old pumps. Wastewater • Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge is considered to be of minor importance compared to

water supply facilities – low priority and nearly no investments since 1990 • Damages of existing sewers results in irregular wastewater flows at the surface • Too few shafts causing very limited access to existing sewer network • No equipment for maintenance and repair – no chance for troubleshooting • Sewerage disposal in unlined pits leads to pollution of ground and surface water – as private wells are

also used for water supply this constitutes a serious health risk • Sludge disposal from pits and septic tanks is done illegally outside the municipal area Socio-Economic Situation • Low connection rate (50-70%) to public water supply network – many people are used to living with

little water as they must carry it for a longer distance or buy it from tank trucks • Bathrooms not common in the Rayon towns – improvement requires modification or extension of the

houses and will depend on economic possibilities of the owners • Toilets mostly outdoor using open pits without flushing – future connection to a new sewer system

will depend on personal interest and require private investments • Popular cohabitation with livestock within the urban settlement without sufficient disposal of

excrements Institutional Situation • Low level of support for Local Sukanal (water agency) Departments by central organizations and

institutions, and very limited provision of know how, equipment, vehicles etc. from central departments.

• Institutional complexity and dependency on central organizations and institutions inhibits solutions and investments on Rayon level

• National Water Supply Tariffs are not cost-effective to cover necessary investments – for better water quality and 24hour supply the majority of consumers need to agree to higher rates. The current tariff rates apply to a normative demand which is much higher than actual.

• Value and qualification of Rayon Sukanal staff are affected by the need of manual handling and trouble shooting. They are not in line with future O&M requirements.

• Skepticism of villages concerning incorporation by the cities and/or integration by larger WSS organizations – disadvantages due to limited independence and priority of the city.

• The management structure and skills of Sukanals are poorly aligned for operating as a service industry.

There is an immediate need to address these issues through development and implementation of an efficient and effective WSS system that is affordable to local communities and which meets the needs of the range of stakeholders that it must serve.

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Government of Azerbaijan planned the implementation of National Water Supply and Sanitation Project with the financial assistance of World Bank since 2007. The second phase of the same project has been approved on date 27 May 2008 as Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP). The

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implementing agency of this second phase project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management Open Stock Company AWMC. The general objective of this Project is to improve the availability, quality, reliability, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in 16 of Azerbaijan's regional (rayon) centers. Better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities shall be implemented to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The project is intended to provide better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities in order to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The Project contains 3 components: • A1: Rayon Investment component, which will finance priority investments in the WSS sector, such as

the rehabilitation and extension of WSS systems, including facilities for wastewater and septic sludge treatment in rayon centers across Azerbaijan;

• B1: Institutional Modernization component which will support development and implementation of an Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Azersu and its subsidiary companies and State Amelioration and Water Management Agency (SAWMA), to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of WSS services;

• C1: Project Implementation and Management component, which will support project implementation by financing project management activities including Incremental Operating Costs due to the project, training, and annual audits of the project and entity accounts and financial statements.

In the project documentation it is indicated that the primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable water quality and adequate water supply and sanitation. The Project aims to achieve its objectives through: • Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by

rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where this is necessary. • Determination of the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and development of

project proposals to improve efficiency • Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services • Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation

The water source for the proposed project in Shabran rayon is the Second Baku Water Transmission Line. Second Baku Water Transmission Line transmits approximately 2,65 m³/s of which Shabran city will use approximately 62,14 l/s.As indicated above, laboratory water tests, samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.”.

In the proposed water supply system there would be 2 pumping stations and 4 reservoirs. 3 of the reservoirs are service reservoirs with 1,000 m³, 2,000 m³ and 700 m³ capacities. The fourth reservoir is a collection reservoir with 100 m³ capacity near Pumping Station 1. PS1 feeds the reservoir with 2,000 m3 capacity, while PS2 feeds the reservoir with 700 m³ capacity. The water supply pipes will be renewed with PE pipes within the scope of the Project and water will be supplied 24 hours.

Within the scope of the Project, polyethylene corrugated pipes will be laid to create a wastewater network and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed approximately 2 km away from the town center. The collected wastewater will be treated within a wastewater treatment plant having a capacity of 29,659 PE and average flow of 10,000 m³/day on year 2030. The treated water will be and discharged to the one of the drainage collectors. This increase resulted due to settled agreement of two main stakeholders of water sector.

The land belongs to the Municipality.

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General characteristics of the WWTP are as below: • Population Equivalent: 29,659 person (2030)

• Average Flow: 10,000 m3/d

• Maximum Flow: 625 m³/h

The WWTP will comprise:

• Inlet Manhole

• Faecal Sludge Tank

• Inlet structures (Coarse,Fine screens and Inlet Pumping Station)

• Grit and Grease Chambers

• Inlet Venturi Channel

• Aeration Tanks Distribution Chamber

• Aeration Tanks

• FeCl3 Dosing Station

• Final Sedimentation Tank (FST) • Return + Excess Sludge Pump Station

• UV Disinfection Building

• Treated Effluent Storage Tank

• Sludge Holding Tank

• Sludge Building

• Blower Building

• Transformer and Generator Building

• Administration Building

• Guard House

Treated wastewater will be discharged to the drainage trench near the plant, which connects to the Caspian Sea through Devechi Lagoon. Whenever freshwater is required this collectors’ water has been diverted into the Devechi Lagoon.

Dewatered sludge dry Solid Content Ratio will be %25 . The amount of sludge will be lessen to approximately 418.9 kg/day. The sludge drying beds will not be required more and land use will be minimized. It should be noted that according to Item 3.7, 3rd Article, Azerbaijan Republic Cabinet of Ministers Decision about Sanitary Rules, Hygiene and Environmental Specifications Based Cities and Other Cities and Other Populated Areas Treatment, Temporary Domestic Waste Storage, Regular Removal and Neutralization Guidelines dated 21 April 2005 No. 74, the sludge has reutilization value and cannot be disposed of in a landfill. Therefore the sludge will be stored within the Plant with sludge containers and will be used in agricultural activities during the season. The use of the sludge in agriculture is subject to the sludge meeting the quality requirements of the environmental control standard presently effective in Azerbaijan.

Water borne diseases are expected to decrease in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon.

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Expected project benefits in the project area: • Prevention of the ground and surface water pollution • Protection of the public health • Prevention of wasting of water resources and energy • Prevention of the soil pollution and supply of free fertilizers (i.e. sludge of proper quality from the

WWTP) to farmers

As known the European Council Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment (herein after named UWWTD) is applied in Azerbaijan. According to UWWTD the effluent standards have been set as: EU Council Directive 97/271/EC (UWWTP Directive)

Parameters Maximum Effluent Concentration

BOD5 - Biochemical Oxygen Demand 25 mg /l COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand 125 mg / l TSS – Total Suspended Solids 35 mg /l TN- Total Nitrogen* 10 (>100,000 PE)

15 (10 000-100,000 PE) TP – Total Phosphorus* 1 (>100,000 PE) 2 (10,000-100,000 PE)

*: Requirements for discharges from urban waste water treatment plants to sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. The Specially Protected Water Objects are defined as sensitive areas by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Republic No.77 of May 1, 2000. This resolution added some articles to the Water Code of the Azerbaijan Republic of December 26, 1997(Article 74 ). The resolution states the following: “…There shall be the following categories of specially protected water objects: areas of internal waters of the Azerbaijan Republic and of the Azerbaijan Republic section of the Caspian Sea (lake); wetlands; running water courses and water collectors designated as rare natural landscapes; zones of protection of source and mouth of water objects; places of spawning and wintering of valuable fish types; water objects with integral link to forests, flora and fauna and other specially protected natural resources; basins of underground water reserves…” The areas categorized above could be designated as sensitive areas, according to the described procedure on the same resolution. As known the EC Directive 97/271 /EC is applicable to all surface water bodies and the Caspian Sea under the territory of Azerbaijan. The question remains whether the surface water resources could be eutrophic and designated as sensitive areas in future. If the effluent contains partly removed Nitrogen and Phosphorus, they can be eutrophic and the area of the effluent discharge can be designated as sensitive areas, which will allow for the protection of the receiving water quality based on their utilization. Therefore removal of organic substances that are main reasons for eutrophication is preferred through a settled agreement between the relevant government agencies. Based on this agreement the new design criteria is set for the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the modification of wastewater treatment plants of rayons. This modification is expected to contribute to keeping the water quality of the discharged water bodies. Furthermore Azerbaijan is party to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea . Part III Article 7 paragraph (f) of the Framework Conventions states that:

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“…In order to reduce organic substances inputs from industrial and municipal sources, the best available environmentally sound technology is to be applied”. As known the designed technology was considering secondary treatment. However the nutrient removal which is considered in the modified design criteria has resulted to the increase in the level of treatment. The treated wastewater will be discharged into a collector which ends up in the Caspian Sea passing through Devechi Lagoon. In case of extreme climatic conditions water has been diverted into Devechi Lagoon. Due to its condition both of these areas might be declared as sensitive area in future. Therefore the treated waters quality is not expected to contain phosphorus. Thus the sensitive areas effluent standards of UWWTD should be applied…”

5. INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

In Azerbaijan the following organizations are engaged in questions of water resources management:

• The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources; • Amelioration and Water Farm JSC • Azersu JSC • Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is responsible for safety and protection from pollution of water resources. The Ministry carries out the state account of water resources and supervises their quality by carrying out of stationary hydrometric, hydro-geological and hydro-chemical supervision, make water balances and forecasts of elements of a water regime, estimates reserves of ground waters, prosecutes with the questions of rational use and reproduction of water resources. The Ministry establishes and approves norms of maximum permissible limits of run-off waters and carry out their control by means of regional offices. Amelioration and Water Management Open Stock Company is responsible for integrated use of water resources, studies requirements for water resources, develops plans and norms of water use, maintains irrigation systems, and together with various branches of economy, establishes a payment for water use and together with other departments and addresses issues of management of water resources of trans-boundary rivers. Azersu Joint Stock Company Absheron Joint-stock Water Society was engaged until July 11, 2004 with questions of water supply of the cities Baku and Sumgait. In July, 2004 services for water supply and run-off waters in other regions of the country were transferred to it (earlier the State Committee on Architecture and Construction was engaged in it) and Joint-stock company Azersu was established. The basic function of Azersu is operation and rehabilitation of systems of water supply and sanitation. Joint-stock company Azersu has established different tariffs for use of water by residents, by budgetary organizations and by industry. In order to ensure affordability, water tariffs for residents are established at lower rates than for other users. Collection of water use fees amounts to approximately 80% of the billed amounts. Water-meters are few. The collected revenues do not pay expenses. Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene is responsible for drawing up of standards and realization of monitoring of drinking water quality. In the areas there are corresponding divisions of the ministry for realization of monitoring, quality assurance of waters, etc. In Shabran region services related to sewerage system and stormwater are under the responsibility of Local SuKanal(Water Canal) Authority. Ten management and administration staff including one manager, 24

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accounting staff, 13 technical staff responsible for water supply systems and 5 technical staffs responsible for sewerage systems has been employed by Local Su Kanal Authority. Proposals for Strengthening of Institutional Structure: The main proposal in the Feasibility Study(FS) document for the organization is to separate Shabran Su Kanal Department from the central organizations like AZERSU in order to have an efficient and operational management structure. The existing organizational structure of the Shabran Su Kanal Department is proposed to be kept mainly as it is. However some small modifications within the organizational structure have been proposed to be realized in order to improve the Shabran Su Kanal Department. As a must, the constructed wastewater treatment plant will require skilled staff, including a plant director, an engineer/chemist and a technician, and workers. The technician and workers for the wastewater treatment plant could be selected and trained from the existing staff of the Shabran Su Kanal Department. Besides that a part time Information Technologies Specialist (IT Specialist) is proposed to assist to the Shabran Su Kanal Department Head. The IT specialist will assist the installation and development of information technologies within the organization. It is advised in FS document that the main programs below should be constituted for drinking water and wastewater systems to be operated in parallel with forming proposed organization structure. - Description of task, responsibilities and properties of Local Birleshmis Su Kanal Authority’s staff,

- Preparation and application of personnel training programs

- Development of tariff concept,

- Preparation of standards for pipe repair, pipe laying and service connections,

- Preparation of leak detection plan,

- Preparation of pipe maintenance and repair program,

- Organization of spare parts management,

- Monitoring the quality of drinking water and treated wastewater,

- Control of meters, constitution of calibration and renovation program

Recognizing the differences in the new technology of the project network, a training is necessary for the staff. Relevant staff will be trained in the necessary aspects for effective operation of the water and sanitation service Operationally-essential equipment will be included in the project, to enable sustainable operation of assets and delivery of an effective service to customers. The training requirements and training modules are currently being developed in discussions between the World Bank and Ameloiration JSC and AZERSU. The new institutional structure of local SuKanal will also include EM oriented actions and relevant capacity and human resources. 6. EIA PROCESS Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) is contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to: (i) assess the environmental and social impacts of project, (ii) identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development and (iii) prepare an environmental management and monitoring plan.. The issues covered by the EIA study are focusing on the most important impacts and especially to raise concerns of the impacted households . The EIA also identifies which of the project activities has a potential to interact with the environment in the specific context of the natural, regulatory (i.e. legal) and socio-economic environments in which these activities will occur. Scoping was conducted early in the EIA process so that a focus on the priority issues (i.e. those that have the greatest potential to affect the natural and/or socio-economic environment) could be established for the rest of the EIA process. Scoping also helped identify gaps in the environmental, socio-economic and engineering information that need to be addressed so that an informed impact assessment can be completed. Different categories of issues, as identified below, were considered in the EIA. The potential beneficial and adverse effects in each category were identified based on literature review, onsite data collection and

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surveying, intensive investigations by individual experts through field surveys and site specific investigations. The following categories of impacts were considered: 1) Natural plants and their habitat impacts were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey. 2) Natural animal, birds and their habitat were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey. 3) Surface and groundwater data were obtained from available reports and were used to map surface and groundwater existence. Later these data were used to assess the hydrogeology and surface water catchments. 4)Agricultural impacts were investigated by looking at the agricultural values, gathering crop and soil types, and through field survey. 5) Air quality impacts were based on generalized regional level data combined with growth forecasts. In addition, acoustic impacts (noise and vibration) were investigated. 6) Socio-economic impacts (living and employment conditions) were investigated using available data and the data of the of State Statistical Committee. 7) Municipal services and utilities impacts (water supply, sewerage system, solid waste collection and disposal, electricity, telecommunication, etc.) were investigated using existing information and the Region Master Plan. Site visits enhanced these investigations. 8) Health and safety measures have been investigated and identified as being in accordance with the national requirements and international Safety Guidelines 9) Further impacts and assessments were investigated through field survey and site visits. In this section, identified components and project-related issues associated with those components are integrated to identify the extent to which the project may impact environmental components and the significance of those impacts on national, community and local scales. For assessment of what level of significance to assign to an environmental component and or the potential impact of a project on an environmental component an objective methodology is required to permit assessment of the potential significance of environmental issues. In the evaluation process a semi-quantitative analysis has been undertaken, to summarize “Valued environmental components” (VEC’s) according to whether they are “high”, “medium” or “low”. Valued environmental components that are valued as “high” are those that are broadly important across society. VEC’s that are ranked as “medium” are those that are important at a community level, but are of limited significance at a wider level. VEC’s that are ranked as “low” are significant at a localized level. All these issues have been taken into consideration during development of mitigation measures and Environment Management Plans.

7. ALTERNATIVES

Following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process:

-No Project Scenario -Water Supply System improvement only Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement

Project FS Consultant clearly described the situation in the Feasibility Study document according to all the above sceneries. For each component of the project some alternatives also have been looked through. For the water supply of Shabran rayon center there are two alternatives: (i) water supply from Baku II water transmission line; and (ii) to supply water from the Tahtakorpu Dam. The first alternative includes two pumping stations and three reservoirs. In the second alternative, one Drinking Water Treatment Plant and a small reservoir need to be constructed additionally to the reservoirs. Whereas the pumps of the first alternative will be replaced with a pump located at a place nearby the Drinking Water Treatment Plant of second alternative. In second alternative lesser power is required form pumps(because of elevation), nut in sum together with the cost of WTP it becomes more expensive that the use of first variant. In addition there are some uncertainties when the second variant can start. There are no main technical alternatives for reconstruction of water distribution network except the sub-alternatives like the type of pipe material.

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The first alternative is preferred alternative where drinking water will be supplied Baku II water transmission line. Second Baku Water Transmission Line transmits approximately 2,65 m³/s, Shabran city will use approximately 62,14 l/s of this amount.

The sewerage collected at North West edge of Shabran presents two technical alternatives in order to transfer the collected wastewater into the treatment plant. The first one is to construct a gravity line with a total length of 4,5 km. The second one is to construct a pumping station and pump the sewage collected in that area to a higher elevation spot in the sewerage network with a pipe line of having length 1,7 km. Second alternative is preferred alternative for collection of sewerage. The wastewater treatment plant option has been evaluated from the point of economy and operability of process alternatives. The extended aeration process with sludge drying beds is selected by FS consultant. However it has been changed to the single stage aeration processes with the sludge treatment performed by centrifugal decanters according to the settled agreement between two main stakeholders.

Information on existing alternatives and recommended variants is given in section 6

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Measures for mitigating negative environmental impacts are directed at minimizing possible negative environmental and social-economic impacts during the construction and utilization phases of the project. These measures will be carried out by the construction company during the construction phase of the WSS project and by the local Wwater Canal Ccompany during utilization phase.

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlines the management mechanisms (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the project should be managed from detailed design and construction through operation.

The EMP is aimed at reduction to minimum level of any potentially negative environmental impacts during construction and operation. It requires that all aspects of the works comply with the relevant legislation and norms., and that measures to mitigate impacts identified in the EIA are implemented, and that environmental monitoring and emergency measures are carried out during the construction works on the site. Within the EMP required environmental controls and monitoring procedures are considered during construction and after the work is completed. The Contractor is responsible for the implementation of these mitigation measures and emergency measures dueing construction.

There are several mechanisms of ensuring delivery during construction of both general and site specific mitigation developed through in the EIAs. One mechanism involves these include that the Contractor will further develop the outline requirements of the in an EMP by designing individual Management Plans, for, project activities that include such as oil and fuel storage, waste management, traffic management and pollution prevention.

A tabulated summary of the environmental management is presented below.

There is an initial environmental assessment for the Category A typed project in the prepared project Feasibility Study Document, where the “Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist” was filled for both sewerage and water supply systems. This checklist summarizes the existing project area in Shabran and potential environmental impacts, which the project may cause. According to the checklist some issues of impact can take place in the project implementation. These issues then in the EIA process have been compared with the “Valued Environmental Components and Potential Negative Effects” (Chapter 5.1) and then relevant mitigation measures have been identified accordingly.

9. APPLICATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES

The potential main impacts and mitigation measures to reduce these impacts at the construction and operation stages are summarized in the following table. The table includes It is based on recommendations of the Feasibility Study document, together with additional measures that are considered necessary as a result of the EIA process. which was added with necessary additional measures in the EIA process and presented in below table.

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Table ES-1. Potential Main Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

STAGES

ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL OR

ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS

IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES

ESTIMATED COST OF IMPACT MITIGATION

MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Construction stage

Air quality

Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic gasses discharged by construction machineries, windblown construction materials etc.)

Dust prevention by watering and other means; Transportation of grainy or dusty materials in the top-coated trucks; Watering of dust sources; Transportation of dust producing materials during calm days (not in the windy days); Avoid making open fires; Avoid setting fire on residue grease, isolation materials, and other substances; Efficient use of machinery and other technologies; Application of adequate construction methodologies and facilities; Careful implementation of works in vulnerable areas.

Provision of water: $10,000 No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor

Supervisor/ Amelioration JSC

Earth

Waste pollution, especially wastes caused by construction and domestic activities; Material storage, civil works and other impacts; Landfill of wastes and other materials;

Protection of the surroundings of the construction site; Limited works in the vulnerable zones; Identify adequate areas to store residue materials, and transportation of all construction related effluent materials into the predetermined site; Control of erosion process; Provide earth stabilization/green cover over vertical points and slopes to minimize land slide risks; Prevent discharge of excavated material to the river beds or lakes;

Provision of materials and cover to prevent landslide risks: $10,000 Traffic management signage: $5,000 No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


16

STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Impacts of excavation works; Possibility of erosion; Wastewater.

Avoid unwanted traffic blockage, collect excavated spoil material and discharge somewhere close to the construction site; Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks.

Topsoil

Damage to the topsoil resulting from material storage, excavation works, temporary roads etc. Loss of topsoil during excavation; Flushing of topsoil and soil erosion due to polluted water streams;

Adequate design works and selection of proper route to minimize impact on the topsoil; Usage of excavated soil material for the agriculture purposes; Cut, store and restore topsoil where possible after the completion of the construction works; Discharge of materials to the predetermined areas by secondary routs; Measures against land slides Storage of toxic materials and effluents in the safe and predetermined areas, its provision with drainage waters, and processing where necessary; Standards applied, including soil erosion prevention by good soil practice and drainage control. Good soil conservation measures and effective reins to prevent future erosion and soil loss.

Proper storage of toxic materials/effluents: $12,500 Measures against landslides addressed above No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


17

STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Water resources and waste waters

Pollution of surface and groundwater sources due to domestic and construction effluents, including harmful residues, leakage of fuel and other oil related products; Blockage of surface and groundwater filtration and creation of stagnant water accumulations. Water scarcity problems in low flow periods of the year cre in low flow periods of the year connected with project and increase of water supply problem for other users which use the same sources

Avoid discharge of harmful chemical substances into sewage lines or ground surface; Design and operation of natural drainage and consideration for alternative directions; Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks. Required standards applied, including safe removal of wastewater during renovation works, use of appropriate equipment by workers and ongoing liaison with residents and fencing off contaminated areas.

No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


18

STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Construction stage

Noise

Disturbance due to noise generated from construction works and intensive traffic

Use of adequate construction materials and equipment; Adherence to predetermined work schedule to minimize disturbance and implementation of noise generating works during normal work hours; Minimum use of noise generating equipment (example, stone cutters, compressors); Minimize traffic during dark hours, and use of silencers.


Contractor


Natural habitat

Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction related noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc. Loss of natural settlement areas due to construction works.

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes; Application of relevant construction and seasonal work methodologies; Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site.


Contractor


Flora and fauna

Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.;

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes; Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site;

Storage, processing, liquidation of wastes addressed above

Contractor


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STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Losses or degradations during and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc.

Application of seasonal work methodologies where necessary.

No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Construction stage

Aesthetics and landscape

Impact of works on landscape and disturbance to natural sights, greenness and trees; Noise, dust, residue and etc. during and after construction.

Careful design and location of works; Restoration of damaged trees, protection lines and etc.; Planting of greenery in the construction site, careful implementation of works in the work sites, and management of wastes.

Restoration/planting of greenery: $50,000 No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Agriculture

Damage to agricultural lands, including drainage and irrigation infrastructure.

Liaise effectively with relevant organizations and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas

No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Livestock

Livestock resources damaged by

Liaise effectively with farmers and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery

No cost for identified measures provided they are

Contractor


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STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

machinery and vehicles.

and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas

integrated into normal operating procedures.

Health and safety of residents and workers

Health risks from unprocessed wastes; Use of harmful substances (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic materials etc.).

Planning of measures dealing with security and environmental protection issues; Adherence to project standards, good signage, ongoing consultation with residents, including schools. All workers to use appropriate PPE and be trained at project induction. Safety fencing provided. Organization and implementation of security and safety related trainings; Management of materials in accordance with the relevant ecological and sanitary-hygiene norms; Identification of dangerous sites, proper storage/liquidation of waste materials.

Trainings: $25,000 No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures. Construction of warehouse for temporal storage of hazardous wastes: $50,000

Contractor


Areas of historical and cultural value

Damage to areas of historical and cultural value located in the project area

There are no areas of historic/cultural value to be affected by project. But if it appears relevant measures need to be taken Staff awareness; Inform adequate organizations in case of archeological findings; Temporary termination of works.


Contractor


Resettlement Land

acquisition

Loss of property, land and damage to living areas of population

There no need for resettlement. For areas where lands used for agricultural crop production relevant plans need to be prepared, which

Costs for resettlement (if any) to be negotiated by project owner in accordance with relevant legislation,

Contractor


21

STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

includes provision of replacement lands or compensation for lost access to plots of arable land and lost fruit or nut trees.

contractual agreement or other documents.

Operations stage

(potable water

systems)

Risks to human health and environment

Quality of treated water

Operation supervision of treatment facilities in due accordance with the operation guidelines; Quality control of water flows entering the system; Avoid pollution of treated waters with the wastewater flows; Avoid over-chlorination of water flows supplied to the consumers.


Contractor


Breakages and emergency situations

There is need to develop scheduled preventative maintenance Training of staff on safety and human security issues; Measures to avoid leakage of chlorine gas.

Training cost identified below No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Social-economical

Reduction of treated water quantities

Prevent illegal connections to the system; Proper operation of the system including water treatment, pipelines, connection lines and etc. Ensure an affordable tariff structure and proper collection of fees.

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedure

Contractor


Operations stage

(sewage and

Risks to human health and environmental impacts

Quality of wastewater and its impacts on human health and environment

Constant monitoring of wastewater flows coming out of the wastewater treatment plant; Discharge of wastewater into the environment only after adequate treatment;

Monitoring of downstream environmental quality: $12,500 one time every 2 years for 20 years

Contractor


22

STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

wastewater)

Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will: Contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality, Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Provide the income level of fishing.

Training of operation staff for their qualification raising; Monitoring of downstream habitats to evaluate the extent to which they return to their previously unpolluted state.

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

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STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms.

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STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Quality of sediments in the treatment structures (sludge), risks due to agricultural consumption of these wastes. Decrease in use of area for sludge drying will lessen demand to the land use. The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas.

Adequate processing of sludge; Monitoring of nematodes, coliforms and heavy metals in the composition of output sludge; Transportation of sludge in the closed containers; Training of operation staff for their qualification raising. Training In application of sludge, and monitoring of sludge application

Monitoring of sludge quality: $10,000/year Transportation of sludge $10,000/year Training cost identified below

Contractor


Smell generations in the wastewater treatment structure;

Planning and management of smell mitigation; Tight shutting of smell producing equipment and containers.

Odour masking agents: $US 5,000/year No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


25

STAGES


ENVIRONMENTAL

COMPONENT

POTENTIAL IMPACTS



MEASURES

Responsibility

Monitoring

Safe storage of hazardous and non-hazardous

wastes

Risks to human health

Use of authorized sites for non-hazardous waste disposal; support and arrangements for setting facilities for hazardous waste safe storage

Training: $25,000 in first year; $5,000/year in each following year No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Human health

Risks to health of residents and workers and to the environment

Training of staff on safety and human security issues; Training of staff on sanitary and hygiene rules to prevent infections from wastewater discharges and sludge residues; Provide staff with adequate protection uniforms and facilities; Measures to prevent emergency situations such as leakage of chlorine gas. Monitoring of drinking water and wastewater quality

Contractor


Note: All mitigation measures identified in this Table should be specified in all contracts for construction and operation of the project, and should also be including in all manuals or operating procedures that are developed.

In total an estimated around 200000 USD needs to be allocated to implement main mitigation measures.

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10. MONITORING Conducting monitoring is the major strategic tool in environmental management and the extent of project monitoring will be dependent on the nature, scale and potential impact of the project activities. Monitoring may require the services of environmental specialists or a company with laboratory and analytical facilities (for complex environmental problems) or inspection by the local government environmental officers. The main elements of the environmental monitoring plan are the following: In the construction phase:

• Dust monitoring; • Noise monitoring; • Solid wastes monitoring; • Waste waters monitoring; • Soil monitoring.

In the operations utilization phase:

• Monitoring of water volume in water sources and water storages; • Monitoring of microbiological and chemical composition of water distributed to people, comparison

to water standards; • Monitoring of pollution level of sewage; • Monitoring of waste waters after treatment ; • Monitoring of depositions settled in water cleaning plants; • Monitoring of treated sewage in the place where it joins to sewage collector; • Monitoring of soil where depositions generated in water cleaning plants will be used as fertilizers. •

Monitoring of all activities during construction period will be under the responsibility of the Contractor, performance of which will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC or supervisor appointed by JSC. The Contractor will prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that addresses all aspects of the EMP identifies above, and will establish a team for the monitoring activities. The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance of the constructions with the national norms and standards. Monitoring of construction activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction impacts are being implemented properly. Contractor’s Environmental Team will be subject to the government inspections from time to time. An individual auditing company may also inspect the Contractor on a long-term basis, such as every 3 months or 6 months. Monitoring responsibility of operation activities will be under the operator for the WWTP and under the local authorities for the network systems. Performance of monitoring activities will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC or supervisor appointed by JSC. Necessary and planned measurements should be realized in WWTP in order to certify of fulfillment to discharge criteria. Again WWTP operator will be subject to the government inspections from time to time. Regular reports on implementation of monitoring plan will be submitted to Contractor . A training and equipment package is included in the project. As key agency responsible for implementation for SNWSSP the Amelioration and Water Farm JSC will need to have adequate capacity for control of realization of EMP. Although the Department on Control of Protection and Use of Water Resources have been trained by ADP Flood mitigation project and other programs, there is still need for required knowledge on Environment Management issues during the construction and operation. In order to increase capacity of Environmental specialist at PIU and also for local SuKanal relevant training is planned to be organized within the project. Staff will be trained in Environmental management during the construction and also in operation phase, in the necessary aspects for effective operation of the water and sanitation service to minimize impact to the environment. The training requirements and training modules are currently being developed in discussions between the World Bank and Ameloiration JSC and AZERSU. Amelioration JSC PİU will also need to have relevant trained staff to supervise the construction process and monitor implementation of EMP.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION The Azerbaijan Second National Water Supply and Sanitation (SNWSS2) Project is financed by the Government of Azerbaijan and World Bank. The employer for the project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC) . Eptisa (Spain) in association with Hydrometeorology Consulting Company (Azerbaijan) has been contracted to prepare the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the proposed project to assess the environmental and social impacts of project and to identify the mitigation measures both during construction and post development. This EIA study provides recommendations on mitigation measures and proposes an environmental management and monitoring plan. 1.1 Context of the EIA This report presents an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the project in Shabran. The EIA identifies potential impacts on the natural environment and the social situation in Shabran region during construction and operation of the project. Where potential adverse effects are predicted, mitigation has been developed and its implementation is presented in an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP). This project has been identified as a Category A project in the World Bank classification for EIA (OP/BP4.01). This requires an EIA report and an Environmental Management Plan. Moreover, public consultations are required to discuss the project and the proposed environmental management plan. A detailed description of the project is presented below in section 3 There are following definitions used in this report: § Definition of environmental aspects: The International Standard Organisation’s standard for

Environmental Management Systems (EMS), ISO 14001 defines an environmental aspect as: “An element of a......, product or service that can interact with the environment.”

§ Definition of impacts: ISO 14001 defines an environmental impact as: “Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services.” This definition will be used in the identification of the proposed project’s environmental impacts. An environmental or socio-economic impact may result from any of the identified project aspects; that is, activity-receptor interaction. The potential for an environmental or socio-economic impact exists where an environmental or socio-economic aspect has been identified; that is, where a project activity has been determined to have the potential to interact with the biophysical environment or with the socio-economic content of the community.. Impacts can be either negative or positive. The primary objectives of the impact assessment are to: establish the significance of identified potential impacts that may occur as a result of a project activity being undertaken, and differentiate between those impacts that are insignificant (i.e. can be sustained by natural systems) and those that are significant (i.e. cannot be sustained by natural systems). Significant potential impacts would require alternative and/or additional mitigation measures above and beyond those already incorporated in the base design for the project/activity.

Scoping was conducted early in the EIA process so that a focus on the priority issues (i.e. those that have the greatest potential to affect the natural and/or socio-economic environment) can be established for the rest of the EIA process. Scoping also helped identify gaps in the environmental, socio-economic and engineering information that need to be addressed so that an informed impact assessment can be completed. The potential beneficial and adverse effects were identified based on literature review, onsite data collection and surveying, intensive investigations by individual experts through field surveys and site specific investigations.

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The following categories of impacts were considered in the EIA:

1. Natural Plant and their habitat impacts were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey.

2. Natural Animal, birds and their habitat were investigated using available technical reports and through field survey.

3. Surface and groundwater data were obtained from available reports and were used to map surface and groundwater existence. Later these data were used to assess the hydrogeology and surface water catchments.

4. 4)Agricultural impacts were investigated by looking at the agricultural values, gathering crop and soil types, and through field survey.

5. Air quality impacts were based on generalized regional level data combined with growth forecasts. In addition, acoustic impacts (noise and vibration) were investigated.

6. Socio-economic impacts (living and employment conditions) were investigated using available data and the data of the of State Statistical Committee.

7. Municipal services and utilities impacts (water supply, sewerage system, solid waste collection and disposal, electricity, telecommunication, etc.) were investigated using existing information and the Region Master Plan. Site visits enhanced these investigations.

8. Health and safety measures have been investigated and identified as being in accordance with the national requirements and international Safety Guidelines

9. Further impacts and assessments were investigated through field survey and site visits. 1.2. Purpose of the EIA In accordance with the Environmental Assessment requirements of the World Bank and the Environmental legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic, an EIA process is required in support of the proposed project. The objectives and rationale of the assignment are, in general, clearly stated in the Terms of Reference (ToR). The aim of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to ensure that any adverse environmental or socio-economic impacts arising from proposed project activities in each individual rayon are identified and where possible eliminated or minimized through early recognition of and response to the issues. The purpose of the assignment is to help the Client to:

• Ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the project planning and design activities

• Ensure that a high standard of environmental performance is planned and achieved for the project

• Ensure that environmental and socio-economic aspects and impacts are identified, quantified where appropriate, and assessed and mitigation measures proposed

• Ensure that legal and policy requirements and expectations are addressed • Consult with all of the project stakeholders and address their concerns; and • Demonstrate that the project will be implemented with due regard to environmental and

social considerations in mind The purpose of this EIA study is to identify the direct and indirect impacts that the development of WSS will have on the natural resources, ecosystem, and the socioeconomic dimensions of the communities and populations. Accordingly, mitigation measures will be proposed and an environmental management and monitoring plan will be prepared to address the identified impacts and the corresponding mitigation measures.

29

The EIA document is intended to provide the decision makers and international donors with an understanding of the impacts of developing WSS, in order for them to make an informed decision. The assessment includes suggested efforts to avoid or minimize the adverse effects and methods to enhance the positive effects. The objectives of the EIA study are as follows:

1. Investigate and record the existing social, economic, and environmental conditions that correspond to the proposed project area prior to the development.

2. Describe the different construction aspects of the proposed project including the water distribution system, storm water drainage, wastewater collection and treatment etc.

3. Define and assess the potential beneficial and adverse impacts resulting from the project. 4. Propose mitigation measures in order to minimize the adverse effects and enhance the beneficial

effects. 5. Prepare an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) for the project.

In order to assess the environmental impacts of the Shabran Rayon Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) project a scoping report has been prepared as a basis for full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report to be developed afterwards. The document first describes generally the existing situation in WSS and then it continues with proposed assumptions on possible potential positive and negative environmental impacts caused by the project activities and related mitigation measures in order to decrease or eliminate the negative environmental impacts during construction and operation phases. Alternatives identified within the FS are analyzed as appropriate. Finally, this document summarizes the environmental concerns that were addressed by the different stakeholders and affected groups, and which were raised during the public consultations that have been undertaken since the beginning of the EIA in June 2010. The Scoping Report also serves as the basis for prioritizing issues for the Environmental Impact Assessment of the proposed project. 1.3. Methodology In the course of the assignment potential impacts of all stages of the project from pre-construction, through construction and installation to operation in each rayon are evaluated against applicable environmental standards, regulations and guidelines, the existing environmental conditions, and issues and concerns raised by all project stakeholders. Evaluation of the implementation and effectiveness, of existing and planned environmental controls and monitoring and mitigation are considered. The EIA process constitutes a systematic approach to the evaluation of a project in the specific context of the natural, regulatory and socioeconomic environments of the project area in which development is proposed. The assessment process incorporates the following key stages: Detailed data gathering and review Following Scoping, assembled legislative requirements, engineering, environmental and socio- economic data will behave been assessed in greater detail to ensure that all of the proposed project activities and their consequences were considered in full. At this stage the project team will look into the following as required by the Terms of Reference: § Existing (baseline) environmental conditions: In order to identify any potential impact on and

potential change to the natural and socioeconomic environments, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the nature of those existing environments prior to commencement of the proposed activities. This translates as a need to characterize the existing baseline environmental and socio-economic conditions including establishing the prevailing conditions for a range of media as follows: natural environment media such as air, water, soil and

30

groundwater, flora and fauna; and socio-economic media such as demographics and economic activities. Definition of the baseline environmental conditions will be achieved through a detailed review of all available data sources (i.e. existing documentation and literature) including surveys of flora and fauna, soil and surface and water and groundwater, a survey of the cultural heritage in the area and socio-economic baseline data.

§ Analysis of alternatives: The purpose of this is to identify, at a conceptual level, viable

alternatives to the project so that a viable base-case design may be realized. Consideration of project alternatives occurs at two levels as follows: (i) to the project as a whole including the “no development” option; and (ii) engineering alternatives within the selected project’s design definition. Once project alternatives are defined, they will be generally assessed and compared on financial, technical, and environmental/socio-economic criteria. The project alternative that is determined to be likely to result in the best balance in regards these criteria is typically, the one that moves forward into the detailed design phase.

§ Detailed legislative review: The review of relevant national and international standards and

requirements will ensure that the project activities has been assessed against all relevant existing environmental regulations and guidelines as well as other relevant policies and standards.

Consultations Project stakeholder consultation is a vital component of the EIA process. The consultation process is focused on, seeking comment on key issues and concerns, sourcing accurate information, identifying potential impacts and offering the opportunity for alternatives or objections to be raised by the potentially affected parties; non-governmental organizations, members of the public and other stakeholders. Consultation helps to develop a sense of stakeholder ownership of the project and the realization that their concerns are taken seriously, that the issues they raise, if relevant, will be addressed in the EIA process. Consultation with all project stakeholders in 4 rayons started during the Scoping stage and continued throughout the EIA process. All relevant stakeholders have been identified using the most recent and accurate information available and the consultation results including: o - a list of stakeholders consulted in each rayon; and o - a summary of the issues and concerns raised. Environmental and social aspects From the environmental and social point of view the above definition of the environment and potential project impact is used in the identification of the proposed project’s environmental, legal and socio-economic aspects. These can be illustrated as follows: § Identification of environmental and socio-economic aspects: To identify project

environmental aspects, all proposed activities will be considered in terms of their potential to: interact with the natural environment including its physical and biological elements; breach the relevant international, national, industry and operator and partner standards and operator/partner policy; interact with the existing socio-economic environment. In addition to the above, all concerns and issues raised by members of the community and/or project stakeholders in all 4 rayons will be considered as environmental or socio-economic aspects.

§ Determining impact significance: Following the identification of all project environmental and

socio-economic aspects and potential impacts, the level of impact that may result from each of the activity-receptor interactions will be assessed. In assessing the level of impact that an activity may cause, two key elements will be considered: Consequence - the resultant effect (positive or negative) of an activity’s interaction with the legal, natural and/or socio-economic environments; and Likelihood - the likelihood that an activity will occur. The level of consequence for each identified impact will be determined by examining a number of factors relating to the activity including: level of non-compliance with legislation, policy and/or

31

adopted project standards; community and stakeholder perception of the activity; and the ability of the natural environment to absorb the impact based on its natural dynamics and resilience. It should be noted that it is often difficult to compare environmental impacts consistently across different natural and socio-economic environments. In evaluating the environmental and socio-economic aspects, emphasis is placed on specific cause and effect relationships. Scientific evidence as well as predictions based on observation of previous similar activities can and will be used in the impact assessment process. Where it will not be possible to fully quantify the effect that an activity may have on the environment or a component of the environment, or where there is a lack of scientific knowledge, qualitative judgment can and will used. Such judgments will be based on a full understanding of the proposed development, the impact assessment team’s extensive experience in and its knowledge of the environment in which the project’s activities will occur.

Mitigation and monitoring § Mitigation: Mitigation measures will be taken into consideration and defined during the impact

assessment process. Impacts that are identified as having a significance ranking of “high” or “critical” will be analysed in more detail to identify additional mitigation measures that are potentially available to eliminate or reduce the predicted level of impact. Potential mitigation measures that will be considered include: social and economic investment programmes; engineering design solutions; alternative approaches and methods to achieving an activity’s objective; operational control procedures, and management systems. The results of the mitigation analysis and the mitigation measures included in Mitigation Plan of the Environmental Management Plan

§ Monitoring: It will be necessary to monitor and audit the implementation of the project

development and operation. Monitoring will provide the information necessary for feedback into the environmental management process and will assist in identifying where additional mitigation effort or where alteration to the adopted management approach may be required. The monitoring plan will be included in Monitoring Plan of the Environmental Management Plan

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2.0 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 Policy Framework

EIA in Azerbaijan

During its years of independence, Azerbaijan has steadily improved its system of environmental protection. The policy, legal and institutional framework that it inherited from the former Soviet Union was not designed to operate within a market economy, and insufficient attention had been given to issues of efficiency and environmental protection. Much progress has now been made, particularly in updating the environmental legal framework, although further improvements are still needed, including in environmental impact assessment. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources was established in 2000 and other institutional reform is being undertaken. The ecological strategy of the country is aimed at preservation of natural resources at national, regional and international spheres; application of scientifically substantiated development principles; and sustainable use of economic and human resources of the country that would meet interests of existing and future generations through enhanced coordination of activities in the area of protection of the environment. As a manifestation of environmental policies in the Republic of Azerbaijan, it should be noted that it is oriented to the development of a relevant legislative basis in accordance with European standards, improvement of state environmental management system, and gradual realization of priority projects through broadened ties with international organizations. In Azerbaijan, EIA is applied under the State ecological expertise (SEE) procedure. In the EIA process the main objects are projects of state importance which cover the various spheres of industry and agriculture. In 1996 the Government of Azerbaijan adopted the procedure of EIA process, which complies with systems used in most countries. The new rules are described in Regulations on carrying out of Environment Impact Assessment in Azerbaijan Republic (UNDP / State Ecology Committee, 1996). These Regulations state, that “Activities on assessment of impacts of wastes to environment should begin in the stage of planning of the project”. The process of Environmental Impacts Assessment is one of means regulating protection of environment, efficient use if nature and effectiveness of economic development. This existing normative, legal basis of the Azerbaijan Republic broadly uses the notion of EIA The main aim of the EIA process is: Recovery of natural systems violated due to previous economic activity; prevention of degradation of environment; ecological – economical balancing of future economic development; creation of favorable living conditions for peoples; decrease of level of ecological hazard of envisaged activity. This document was made up before decisions on fulfillment of any of projects. The EIA document is a document which determines the character of all potential forms and level of danger of impacts to the environment caused by an economic or other activity that is proposed to be carried out. The EIA is document evaluates results of fulfillment of the project from ecological, social and economic view of point. State Expertise Board of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is authorized state organ for EIA process. For concrete projects the EIA process begins from planning and feasibility study and its realization. The Applicant (the project proponent, nature user) is responsible for content and final version of EIA document submitted to Ministry of Ecology. The Applicant bear the responsibility for fulfillment of conditions shown in the given permission and also for carrying out of monitoring of the project. There are 2 steps:

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First: The originator (applicant) of the activity submits application to Ministry of Ecology and informs about major project decisions and possible results of negative Impacts to Environment. Ministry of Ecology after consideration of the Application informs the Applicant about necessity of carrying out of EIA and scale of this activity. In rare cases, after consideration of application, the permission for carrying out of work may be given immediately (Article 2.5). Second: The documents (on EIA) prepared by the Applicant are considered by the Group of Experts and Summary is made. The summary also includes proposals and critics of community. On the basis of the summary, the Ministry of Ecology may give permission for work or refuse to permit to activity, explaining reasons for rejection. The Ministry of Ecology determines 3 months maximal period for consideration of EIA documents. Enforcement and compliance are the responsibility of the general inspection system. EIA process is described in below figure(See figure 2.1). The Republic of Azerbaijan pursuing a policy of integration to the World Community and in recent years has signed and ratified scores of International and bilateral conventions, treaties and agreements, including 15 Conventions related to environment. Each law of Republic of Azerbaijan includes a special chapter or article stating that if International Agreements provide rules which differ from existing relevant rules of Azerbaijan Legislation, the rules of international documents should prevail. . The World Bank Safeguards Policy The World Bank requires an environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus improve decision making (OP 4.01, January 1999). The EA that is required by the Bank is in effect the same document as the EIA that is required under Azerbaijan legislation. EA evaluates the potential ecological risks of a project and its impact to the territories covered by the project; analyzes alternatives of the project; determines ways for development of choice, location, planning, design and execution of the project, by taking measures on mitigation, compensation and bringing to minimum of harmful ecological impacts and strengthening its positive impacts to the environment. The Bank prefers preventive measures, if any, to mitigation or compensation measures. The EA takes into account the environment (air, water and land); humans health and safety; social aspects (obligatory resettlement, residents and cultural heritage property); and trans - boundary and global environmental aspects. At the same time it takes into account all changes taking place in the project and country; results of ecological studies held in the country, plans of local ecological measures; common political framework of the country, local legislation and institutional possibilities on ecological and social aspects; obligations of the country on international Agreements and Treaties concerning the projects activities. The Bank doesn't fund the project activities which are contrary to such country's obligations as it would be determined during the EA. * Key considerations to be taken into account during the EA process include: • * Generic initial screening to determine appropriate environmental assessment; • * Compliance with existing environmental regulations in Azerbaijan; • * Linkages with socio-economic assessment, or inclusion of socio-economic assessment within the

scope of the EA; • * Analysis of alternatives; • * Public participation and consultation with affected people and organizations; and

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• * Disclosure of information. The Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of EIA. The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. The four Categories are A, B, C, and Fl. Whilst the objectives of the project include provision of a safe, reliable, potable water supply and vastly improved treatment of wastewater, the extent and nature of the works required result in it being classified as Category A, for which an EIA and EMP are required. This category of project may have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works, can cause serious and irrevocable impact upon the environment or human health. The EIA for a Category A project examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project" scenario), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance for a Category A project. 2.2 Legal Framework Environmental protection in Azerbaijan is governed by the Law on Environment Protection (1999). The Law establishes the main environmental protection principles, and the rights and obligations of the State, public associations and citizens regarding environmental protection. It establishes the requirements for the preparation of environmental impact assessments, environmental quality standards, and requirements for permitting the activities that affect the environment, prevention and reduction of environmental pollution, environmental monitoringand control, the role of the public and sanctions imposed on law violators. Other laws governing specific issues such as sanitary-epidemiological welfare, land reform, energy, health, water, forests, cadastre and land use, industrial and domestic wastes, ecological safety, water supply and wastewater, atmospheric protection and specially protected areas have been adopted since 1992. The questions issues related withto protection of environment and regulation of use of nature are regulated through the with following Laws of relevant legislation of Azerbaijan Republic: Water Code (1997), Land Code (1999), Forest Code (1997), On Entrails (1998), On Protection of Flora (1996), On Fauna (1999), On Obligatory Insurance (2002), On radioactive Wastes (1994), On Industrial and Household wastes (1998), On Radioactive safety of population (1997), On Sanitary - Epidemiological Safety (1992), On Melioration and Irrigation (1996), On Water Supply and Waste Water(1999), On Safety of Hydrotechnical Plants (2002), On State land cadastre, monitoring of lands and structure of earth (1998), On Pesticides and agrochemical substances (1997), On protection of the Soilfertility (1999), On specially protected nature areas and objects (2000). In addition, a large number (some 75+) of Decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers have been issued to help interpret the body of environmental legislation and related Presidential Degrees and Orders. Republican criminal legislation and legislation on administrative faults includes some measures directed to protection of environment and efficient use of nature. The relevant legislation in force includes some laws regulating activity of natural persons and legal entities in the various spheres of use of natural resources (underground resources, water and land resources, forests, fishes, etc.). The International Agreements and Conventions signed by Azerbaijan are an inseparable part of the legislation system of the country.

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Principles of rational water use, its state registration, settlement of water disputes and responsibility for violation of water legislation are described in the following below legal documents:

• -Laws of Azerbaijan Republic on Water Supply and Wastewater (Decree of President of Azerbaijan Republic dated January 26, 2000);

• Water Code of Azerbaijan Republic (Decree of President of Azerbaijan Republic dated December 26, 1997);

• RESOLUTION No 206 on approval of some rules regarding water legislation of Azerbaijan Republic (Cabinet of Ministers, October 15, 1998);

• RESOLUTION No 195 on approval of Rules on implementation of state control over consumption and preservation of water objects (Cabinet of Ministers, September 25, 1998);

• RESOLUTION No 197 on approval of Rules on identification of construction sites of enterprises, structures, and other objects to be constructed, agreement of its work drawings, its state expertise and commissioning. (Cabinet of Ministers, September 28, 1998);

• Resolution No 7 on approval of state water registration rules, (Cabinet of Ministers, January 17, 2000).; 2.3 Administrative Framework

In Azerbaijan the following organizations are engaged in questions of water resources management:

• The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources; • Amelioration and Water Farm JSC • Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene • Azersu JSC

The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is responsible for safety and protection from pollution of water resources. The Ministry carries out the state account of water resources and supervises their quality by carrying out of stationary hydrometric, hydro-geological and hydro-chemical supervision, make water balances and forecasts of elements of a water regime, estimates reserves of ground waters, prosecutes with the questions of rational use and reproduction of water resources. Establishes and approves norms of maximum permissible limits of run-off waters and carry out their control by means of regional offices. The Expertise Department of the Ministry conducts State ecological examination of new projects on water distribution, water use, new structures, other works executed in this area and gives its opinion on realization or non realization of projects and works. Department of Environmental Policy and Environmental Protection defines the basic directions of a policy on maintenance of safety and protection of water resources from pollution. Department of Environmental Protection coordinates activity on monitoring and implementing of nature protection statutory acts, on conditions of water resources checks a level of conformity of influence of planned activity to working statutory acts and applies sanctions. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources is the responsible authority for state of environment It determines whether a project requires no EIA at all or a full EIA or anything in between. The regional departments of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources receive applications and ensure that adequate information has been provided. Amelioration and Water Farm Joint Stock Company is responsible for complex use of water resources, studies requirements for water resources, develops plans and norms of water use, maintains irrigating systems, together between various branches of economy, establishes a payment for water use and together with other departments and the organizations are busy with the questions on management of water resources of trans-boundary rivers.

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Ministry of Health with the Center on Epidemiology and Hygiene is responsible for drawing up of standards and realization of monitoring of drinking water quality. In the areas there are corresponding divisions of the ministry for realization of monitoring, quality assurance of waters, etc. Azersu Joint Stock Company. Till July 11, 2004 with questions of water supply of the cities Baku and Sumgait was engaged Absheron Joint-stock Water Society. In July, 2004 service on water supply and run-off waters of other regions of the country was also transferred to it (earlier the State Committee on Architecture and Construction was engaged in it) and Joint-stock company Azersu was established. The basic function of Azersu is operation and rehabilitation of systems of water supply and sanitation. Joint-stock company Azersu has established different tariffs for use of water by populations, by budgetary organizations and in the industry. In connection with economic problems, for the population lower tariffs are established. The collecting of means makes 80 %. Water-measuring devices are few. The collected means do not pay expenses. The administrative structure of water supply and sanitation system comprises four levels, with the Cabinet of Ministers at the top; AZERSU joint Stock Company; “Joint SuKanal” Limited Liability Company (LLC) responsible for water supply and sanitation (WSS) in small towns and rural settlements; and finally local SuCanals at the bottom which report directly to Joint SuCanal. AZERSU is a financially independent body which receives no subsidy from senior bodies. Its main revenues are from water fees it receives from consumers. The Non-Governmental organizations (NGOs) in Azerbaijan carry out projects on informing the public on existing problems in the water sector, explain legal aspects of questions on protection of water resources by edition of bulletins and booklets, speak to the press/media and carry out of training. Since they lack their own resources, NGO’s carry out their activities within the framework of projects and grants. Frequently these projects are directed on increasing of knowledge of the population. CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS In Azerbaijan, engineering survey, design and construction standards and regulations are governed by the State Construction Committee. Rules of conducting supervision and control procedures by the State Construction Committee (in several areas regarding to safety of construction by the recently established Ministry of Emergencies) had been approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in 2003. Subject to the State Construction Committee regulations all construction operations are to be carried out with due regard to the environmental requirements. Following the existing construction rules, construction or renovation works are to be carried out on the basis of the approved project (design) documents only. The State Construction Committee issues special licenses to conduct engineering survey and design operations (no license is required for construction operations). The project design documents include descriptions of proposed construction and related activities together with applications for permits from relevant authorities for geological studies of soil characteristics, fire safety, public health, utilities (gas, water, electricity, telecommunication) and environmental assessment. The relevant authorities conduct inspections during construction to monitor compliance with the permits, and may issue significant fines if violations are found. LAND AVAILABILITY Land acquisition and resettlement that might be required under this project will be governed by a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)that has been developed and approved by Amelioration JSC and is acceptable to the World Bank.

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A RPF was developed in 2007 to cover the first Water Supply and Sanitation Project as a whole, as part of Bank screening procedures. The RPF concludes that there should be no justification for moving PAPs dwellings or other fixed assets and that the majority of cases will involve land used for arable or livestock grazing. The procedure involves the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) determining the legal status of affected lands and then determining the compensation mechanism, taking into account that users may not actually have legal tenure or permissions to use the affected land. The final step involves agreement and payment of compensation to PAPs at the stage of detailed design and before construction commences. The compensation could take several forms, involving land swap or monetary payment.

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3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Problem Statement

Shabran is located in the north-east of the Great Caucasus. In the east it is bounded by the Caspian Sea. Total area is 1088 sq km. The rayon comprises 68 villages. There are 23,600 (year 2012) people living in Shabran town, the administrative center of the rayon.

The climate of the rayon is mild-hot and semi-arid. The average annual amount of precipitation is 400-600 mm. The main rivers are Gilgilchay and Atachay. Valvalachay flows on the north border of the rayon. The rivers water is used for irrigation.

The main industry in the rayon is oil. There are gas refining enterprise, carpet factory and a winery. The agricultural economy mainly comprises vine-growing, vegetable-growing and grain-growing.

There are no water sources in Shabran or in the nearby area. The population of the rayon and the some nearby villages is supplied from Baku Water Pipe I and II. No meters are present at key water collection points. Water is supplied by gravity and pumped to the distribution network.

This line Baku I takes ground and spring waters from Shollar village area (Near Khudat city) to Baku for a distance of 180-200 km. Amount of water taken from the source makes approx. 1.25- 1.27 m³/s and as result of water intake by residential areas on its way the amount of water reduces for around 25% and makes up 1 m³/s near Baku.

Baku II water pipeline is constructed in 1956 and takes ground waters of 2.65m³s) capacity to Baku from around Khachmaz region

Overall, the drinking water service in the rayon of the Shabran is characterized as unsound and unable to satisfactorily fulfill the basic utility mandate of community service. The consumed water is disinfected inconsistently. The service area of the “urban center” water supply system, the focus of this evaluation, encompasses about 14,400 person or 67.3 percent of the town of Shabran.

Existing water resources would meet current demand with proper design, maintenance and management of the pipe network (to reduce leakages, maintain pressure levels and control customer usage). However, these resources are squandered. Laboratory water tests made during the project preparation shows compliance with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water”, except for bacteriological standards.

The town water system has water reservoirs with the total capacity of 1,500 m³, which need rehabilitation. The distribution system has functioned since 1970. The network consists of 10.5 km main and 65.5 km secondary steel pipes. The leakages are calculated to 50 % of the water balance. Waters supply is constrained to 8 hours a day. 350 water meters are installed. Below is given scheme of existing WS system taken from FS document.

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Figure 3.1 Existing WS system in Shabran

Wastewater is mainly collected in simple wells (shambo) owned by consumers. Untreated wastewater is collected via canals and underground drainage to non-official area(Figure 3.2).

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Figure 3. 2. Place of joining of existing open sewage canal with collector leading to Caspian Sea

In the proposed system, water will only be extracted from the IInd Baku Water Transmission Line.

No part of the rayon is served by an official community sewerage system. The primary sources of wastewater are the residential and commercial population.

According to health statistics of Shabran Rayon between 2000 and 2009, the most common water borne disease is viral hepatitis. Its occurrence averages is app. 5.8 in a year. Acute intestinal infections, dysentery and salmonellas follow viral hepatitis with 3.9, 1.4 and 0.5 occurrences in a year respectively. Water source diseases are thought to be decreased in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon.

The following problems exist: General • Depletion of existing WSS assets due to lack of sustainable investments and insufficient capacities for

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) • Little appreciation of public infrastructure sector and its organizations due to bad quality and service –

consumers implement their individual solutions without a general concept • Provisional solutions become permanent solutions – mostly in consequence of damages and due to the

limited budgets • Low awareness of hygienic interrelations of water supply, wastewater disposal and livestock farming

cause high rates of water borne diseases • Major WSS supply lines and other facilities often affected by landslides and earthquakes

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Water Supply • Lack of mechanism for application of legislation to water withdrawal from Water Transmission

Pipelines, • No sound legal protection of future investments • Limited number and capacity of water supply pumps and reservoirs – no extension according to

growth of population and industry • Damages caused by great age, low material quality and insufficient installation depth of pipes lead to

high losses within the water distribution network • Interrupted water supply and temporarily empty pipes cause bad water quality at house connections

(bacteria, sediments, rust etc.) • Hygienic problems by private water storage tanks • New water supply lines/areas were implemented on the standards of the old systems i.e. regular steel

pipes and manually operated pumps and valves • Manual operation of the water distribution system – no automation and control • Preference of gravity flow systems and bad reputation of pumps – as high manual effort and energy

cost necessary to operate the existing old pumps. Wastewater • Wastewater collection, treatment and discharge is considered to be of minor importance compared to

water supply facilities – low priority and nearly no investments since 1990 • Damages of existing sewers results in irregular wastewater flows at the surface • Too few shafts causing very limited access to existing sewer network • No equipment for maintenance and repair – no chance for troubleshooting • Sewerage disposal in unlined pits leads to pollution of ground and surface water – as private wells are

also used for water supply this constitutes a serious health risk • Sludge disposal from pits and septic tanks is done illegally outside the municipal area Socio-Economic Situation • Low connection rate (50-70%) to public water supply network – many people are used to living with

little water as they must carry it for a longer distance or buy it from tank trucks • Bathrooms not common in the Rayon towns – improvement requires modification or extension of the

houses and will depend on economic possibilities of the owners • Toilets mostly outdoor using open pits without flushing – future connection to a new sewer system

will depend on personal interest and require private investments • Popular cohabitation with livestock within the urban settlement without sufficient disposal of

excrements Institutional Situation • Low level of support for Local Sukanal (water agency) Departments by central organizations and

institutions, and very limited provision of know-how, equipment, vehicles etc. from central departments.

• Institutional complexity and dependency on central organizations and institutions inhibits solutions and investments on Rayon level

• National Water Supply Tariffs are not cost-effective to cover necessary investments – for better water quality and 24hour supply the majority of consumers need to agree to higher rates. The current tariff rates apply to a normative demand which is much higher than actual.

• Value and qualification of Rayon Sukanal staff are affected by the need of manual handling and trouble shooting. They are not in line with future O&M requirements.

• Skepticism of villages concerning incorporation by the cities and/or integration by larger WSS organizations – disadvantages due to limited independency and priority of the city.

• The management structure and skills of Sukanals are poorly aligned for operating as a service industry.

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There is an immediate need to address these issues through development and implementation of an efficient and effective WSS system that is affordable to local communities and which meets the needs of the range of stakeholders that it must serve. 3.2. Project description The Government of Azerbaijan planned the implementation of National Water Supply and Sanitation Project with the financial assistance of World Bank since 2007. The second phase of the same project has been approved on date 27 May 2008 as Second National Water Supply and Sanitation Project (SNWSSP). The implementing agency of this second phase project is Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Management Company AWMC. The general objective of this Project is to improve the availability, quality, reliability, and sustainability of water supply and sanitation (WSS) services in 16 of Azerbaijan's regional (rayon) centers. Better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities shall be implemented to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The project is intended to provide better infrastructure services of the secondary towns and cities in order to improve living conditions, reduce poverty and support local economic growth. The Feasibility Study was conducted by the Shabran water project in 2010. In the project documentation it is indicated that the primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation. The Project contains 3 components: • A1: Rayon Investment component, which will finance priority investments in the WSS sector, such as

the rehabilitation and extension of WSS systems, including facilities for wastewater and septic sludge treatment in rayon centers across Azerbaijan;

• B1: Institutional Modernization component which will support development and implementation of an Institutional Development Plan (IDP) for Azersu and its subsidiary companies and State Amelioration and Water Management Agency (SAWMA), to improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of WSS services;

• C1: Project Implementation and Management component, which will support project implementation by financing project management activities including Incremental Operating Costs due to the project, training, and annual audits of the project and entity accounts and financial statements.

The November 2003 Presidential Decree No: 3 requires the Cabinet of Ministers to undertake measures for elimination of socio economic problems and to apply the norms of the European Social Charter. The proposed WSS project falls squarely within the scope of the Decree. The national WSS norms state that water supply to the population shall be 24 hour coverage of potable quality and delivered to the consumer at the appropriate pressure. These norms accord with the European Social Charter. The Government’s sector policies, strategy and development are based on a National WSS Strategy (2000), which recommended the setting up of ‘Autonomous Commercially-Run Utilities, under the Regulatory Control of Local Government. In secondary towns, these utilities, known as SuKanals (Secondary towns water supply agency, prefixed by town name to designate the local branch – Shabran SuKanal refers to the agency in the town of Shabran), were to be transformed into financially self-sufficient institutions eventually be able to attract the private sector to participate in their operation and management. This was followed by a Presidential Decree No. 893 of March 2002, which further set out the sector development approach. This Decree promotes private section participation, an improved tariff system, metering of water supply and revision of the accounting systems. In the project documentation it is indicated that the primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation.

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The following indicators will be followed: • Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or national quality

standards • Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day • Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs • Water distribution system workable under operational pressures with low leakage rates • Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and reduction of aquifer pollution • Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant with international

and/or Azeri standards. • Affordable water supply and sanitation prices for consumers and within determined service tariffs • Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the environment at

minimum level during implementation and maintenance. The secondary objective is to implement an Action Plan that will upgrade and improve the sustainability in the Rayon centers. The Project aims to achieve its objectives through: • Implementation of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure by

rehabilitation of existing facilities and construction of new ones where this is necessary. • Determine the operational bottlenecks of the water and sanitation system and develop project

proposals to improve efficiency • Strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain these services • Developing a sense of local ownership through community participation

The water source for the proposed project in Shabran rayon is the İİ Baku Water Transmission Line. As indicated above, laboratory water tests, except bacteriological, taken during the project preparation shows compliance with GOST 2874-82 -“potable water”.

The designed water demand for Shabran has been determined by the Feasibility Study as 61.10l/s, which includes 58.54 l/s for domestic purposes of 27400 person(180 l./c/.d), 0.65 l/s for agricultural purposes and 1.91 l/s for industrial / commercial purposes. The research of Geology Institute of National Academy of Science indicates that during last 80 year period no qualitative and quantitative changes have been observed in the source of water of Baku I and II pipelines for the last 80 years. The total capacity of both Baku water supply lines is 2500 l/s which is 40 times higher than proposed 61.10 l/s water abstraction amount for Shabran. This demonstrates the sustainability of the use of this water source. Also, this means that sustainable water supply will be provided for all users by this water source.

In the proposed water supply system there would be 2 pumping stations and 4 reservoirs. 3 of the reservoirs are service reservoirs with 1,000 m3 2000 m3 and 700 m3 capacities. The fourth reservoir is a collection reservoir with 100 m3 capacity near Pumping Station 1. PS1 feeds the reservoir with 2000 m3 capacity, while PS2 feeds the reservoir with 700 m3 capacity.

Reservoirs are located in areas belonging to SuKanal where no residential areas or agricultural lands are located (Figure 3.3)

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Figure 3.3. Proposed place of location of reservoir 1

The water supply pipes will be renewed with PE pipes within the scope of the Project and water will be supplied 24 hours per day.

Main WSS lines will pass aside the street where the existing system is located(Figure 3.4)

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Figure 3.4 Street of Shabran city where water supply and waste water pipes will be passed

Within the scope of the Project, polyethylene corrugated pipes will be laid to create a wastewater network and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed approximately 2 km away from the town center. The land required for the WWTP belongs to the Municipality.

The collected wastewater will be treated within a wastewater treatment plant having a capacity of 29,659 PE and average flow of 10,000 m³/day on year 2030. The treated water will be and discharged to the one of the drainage collectors. This collector ends up in Caspian Sea through Devechi Lagoon. Whenever freshwater is required this collectors’ water has been diverted into the Devechi Lagoon. This increase has been resulted due to settled agreement of two main stakeholders of water sector on design criteria by means of the decrease in leakage ratio of water distribution network, increase in infiltration rate to the sewerage collection system.

General characteristics of the WTTP are as below: General characteristics of the WTTP are as below: • Population Equivalent: 29,659 person (2030)

• Average Flow: 10.000 m3/d

• Maximum Flow: 625 m³/h

The extended aeration process with sludge drying beds is selected by the Consultant as project proposal for the treatment of wastewater of Shabran. Than sludge drying beds were changed to mechanical sludge dewatering(decanters) as per Azersu request. The WWTP will consist of the following main components:

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• Faecal Sludge Acceptance Station

Faecal sludge transported by trucks to the WWTP is delivered into the Faecal Pump Station of 40 m3 capacity. The delivery area is located outside the Inlet area on a reinforced concrete ground slab surrounded with wall to allow proper and separated cleaning through a floor drain. Body waste delivery is done through a pipe connection to allow ergonomic and hygienic operation with as less contact with the body waste as possible. The delivery line is equipped with pH meter, flow meter and in-line Muffin Monster. The in-line Muffin Monster is a proven solution for protecting pumps and systems. Its dual-shaft design uses low speed, high-torque power to shred tough solids in sewage and sludge. The insertion of this device instead of coarse screening will improve O&M by ensuring fully closed grinding and by saving one container. It will also avoid the pollution represented by the faecal sludge to be forwarded to the treatment process and not removed with screenings. One duty and one stand-by submersible screw centrifugal pumps are installed in the faecal pump pit to pump the body wastes to the Inlet Channel for further treatment. The screw centrifugal pumps are mounted on guide bars accessible by a shaft. A second shaft is designed to allow inspection and cleaning of the faecal pump pit after emptying and air extracting.

• Screens

There are three screen channels; one for by-pass equipped with a 50 mm bar space manually cleaned screen, the other two channels are equipped with one coarse screen with 35 mm opening and one 6 mm opening fine screen. These screens are automatically cleaned via level control in the channel. Belt conveyor and container for coarse screens and screw conveyor and screening press for fine screens are provided.

• Inlet Pumping Station

After screening, the wastewater enters into the Inlet Pump Station. Two duty and one stand-by submersible inlet pumps installed in the Inlet Pump Station are designed to deliver the peak hydraulic flow rate to the Grit and Grease Chamber by three pressure pipes laid in parallel. The pressure pipes empty when pumps stop. The pumps are close-loop controlled by high and low water level signal installed inside the pump pit. The pumps are mounted on guide bars accessible by a shaft. The filtrate from the grit classifier returns to the Inlet Pump Station. The Inlet Pump Station is provided with Automatic Sampling device with strainer installed into a vertical pipe at a depth to allow representative sampling. • Aerated Grit and Grease Chamber

There are two identical grit & grease chambers. One common grit & grease bridge is equipped with 2 submersible grit pumps. Grit collected in the grit channel next to the grit chamber is transported into the grit classifier. One duty and one standby blowers supply the required air. • Flow Measurement Inflow will be measured by a Venturi channel which will be located behind the grit and grease chamber. The measuring device consists of one sensor for the measurement of the water level in combination with a standard Khafagiventuri form. The documentation of the current flow situation as well as the recording of the daily water volume is to be provided from the flow measurement. The current flow will also be used for the control of the proportional return sludge flow. The measurement of inflow reflects the actual hydraulic load of the activated sludge tanks better than the outflow measurement because of delay-effects.

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• Aeration Tanks Distribution Chamber Contact zone receives raw wastewater through venture channel, return sludge flow through RAS pumps and filtrate flow from sludge dewatering plant via filtrate pumps. In the contact zone, all these flows are mixed hydraulically. There are two overflow weirs in order to equally distribute the mixed flow to the aeration tanks. Weirs are equipped with manually operated weir type penstocks. • Aeration Tanks

The total volume of the Aeration Tank #1 is 4800 m3. Aeration Tank #1 is divided into aerobic, anoxic and Bio-P zones with partition wall. Aeration Tank #1 is provided with two submersible slow speed mixers take place in aerobic zone, one mixer in the anoxic zone, one mixer in the Bio-P zone and 805 pieces fine bubble membrane diffusers in 7 grids, air pipes, two oxygen meters. Aerobic and anoxic zones in Aeration Tank #1 are arranged to accomplish simultaneous denitrification process required to meet the effluent total nitrogen standard. Half of the inner part of the tank is arranged as anaerobic zone to enable biological phosphorus removal and additional anoxic zone. There are two duty and one standby blowers each one equipped with frequency converters, installed in the Blower Building (100). Each aeration tank is fed with one dedicated blower and the standby unit is for both aeration tanks. The mixed liquor is driven to the Feeding Zone in the Aeration Tank Distribution Chamber through an overflow weir installed at the outlet and a pipe DN600. • Blower Station

Air required for the process in the Aeration Tank #1 and #2 is supplied with two duty and one stand-by frequency controlled blowers installed in the Blower Room. The stand-by blower is installed between the two duty blowers with tee-connection to the air feeding pipes. Grids are provided in walls in front of each blower to allow proper ingoing fresh air during operation. The Blower Room is provided with forced ventilation system to allow suitable are change and to maintain suitable air temperature inside the room. • Final Sedimentation Tank (FST)

Sludge being created through biological activity is collected in the Final Sedimentation Tank which allows sludge to settle out of treated water. This latest phase of the treatment is to be considered as the most important. Sludge settling and compaction characteristics shall be monitored accordingly since it is directly linked to the performance of the WWTP. Accumulated sludge layer, forms at the bottom of the tank is periodically removed by gravity to the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well by a DN400 pipe. The Final Sedimentation Tank is designed as a circular structure (Dint: 24.00m ; H: 3.71m ; Bottom slope: 1/12) with reinforced concrete raft foundation and walls. The scraper bridge is bear with at the centre of the tank by four reinforced concrete columns. The treated water is collected in a channel corbelled out from the walls around the tank. Rotating scraper bridge with bottom and surface scraper is installed in the Final Sedimentation Tank. Suspended bottom scraper aims at concentrating the accumulated sludge layer to the centre of the Final Sedimentation Tank to ensure efficient sludge removal. Scum is retained by peripheral scum boards and there is a scum hopper fitted to the peripheral wall of the tank. A flap arm scrapes the scum with each rotation of the scraper bridge and flushes the scum through to the adjacent Scum Pump Station. The scum box is located at the eastern part of the tank, opposite to the prevailing wind direction (N-E). This alternative allows better O&M conditions especially regarding the scum pump removal.

48

Treated water collected at the surface of the Final Sedimentation Tank overflows from V-notch weirs installed around the tank to the Outlet Venturi Channel. Outlet Venturi Channel is equipped with a prefabricated venturi channel embedded into a R/C channel, a US sensor and a field display. • Return and Excess Sludge Pumping Station

Collected sludge from the bottom of the Final Sedimentation Tank is delivered into the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well by gravity. Electrically actuated telescopic valve is installed on the Ø400 pipeline just at the pump sump to allow isolation from the Final Sedimentation Tank. The bottom level of the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well is lowered as much as possible for easy emptying of FST. A by-pass line for telescopic valve and a isolating penstock is also provided at the bottom of the tank for this purpose. The Return + Excess Sludge Pump Well is equipped with the following submersible pumps: Two duty and one stand-by return sludge pumps to the Contact Zone, controlled with frequency converter One duty and one stand-by excess sludge pumps to the Sludge Holding Tank The Return + Excess Sludge Valve Chamber is provided with check-valves and isolation valves for each pump. Flow for the each pressure line is measured by electromagnetic flow-meter. • Sludge Holding Tank Excess sludge is collected from the Return + Excess Sludge Pump Station and pumped into one Sludge Holding Tank equipped with a submerged aerator to prevent phosphorus release. Filtrate from the Sludge Dewatering Building is connected to the Sludge Filtrate Pump Station equipped with one duty and one stand-by submersible pumps. Filtrate is pumped to the Contact Zone. • Sludge Dewatering Building

There will be one duty and one standby centrifuge to dewater the excess sludge from inlet DS of %0.88 to outlet DS of %20. Excess sludge is fed into the centrifuges by one duty and one standby positive displacement type pump. One polymer preparation unit with one duty and one standby positive displacement type dosing pump are also provided. Dewatered sludge from the centrifuges flows on to the screw conveyors and transported into the containers. The storage capacity of the dewatered sludge containers will be 3 days. Sludge treatment equipment are designed according to operation time of 7 days/week and 14 hours/day. An overhead travelling crane is provided for maintenance purposes.

• Administration Building incl. Laboratory and Workshop An administration and maintenance building will be built in the site of the WWTP. This building will include all facilities required for properly operating the plant. For this reason it is located in an appropriate and central place, with view and easy access to all treatment units. On the other hand there is enough distance to possible odour sources like sludge treatment The building will include offices, laboratory, control room, workshop, stores, showers and sanitary facilities, dressing rooms, kitchen, and meeting room. The building will be alimented with electricity and potable water.

• Transformer and Generator Building Transformer and Generator Building The Transformer and Generator Building includes the following rooms: MV Panel Room LV Panel Room Transformer #1 Transformer #2 Generator Room

49

The LV Panel Room includes the Programmable Logic Controllers which controls the following: MV and LV System Monitoring and Alarm Transformers Monitoring and Alarm Generator System Monitoring and Alarm Energy Management System The Transformer and Generator Building is designed as a rectangular shape building with reinforced concrete strip foundations, ground slab, walls, beams and terrace roof. Therefore project FS Document proposes the effluent limit values as presented in the table below(Table 3.1): As known the European Council Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment (herein after named UWWTD) which is the standard applied in Azerbaijan. According to UWWTD the effluent standards has been set as:

Table 3.1. Effluent Standards proposed for Design • Parameter (Unit) Non-Sensitive Area

• BOD5 • Mg/l • 25 • COD • Mg/l • 125 • TSS • Mg/l • 35 • N,tot • Mg/l • 15.0 • P,tot • Mg/l • 2.0

*: Requirements for discharges from urban waste water treatment plants to sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. The Specially Protected Water Objects are defined as sensitive areas by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Republic No.77 of May 1, 2000. This resolution added some articles to the Water Code of the Azerbaijan Republic of December 26, 1997(Article 74 ). The resolution states the following: “…There shall be the following categories of specially protected water objects: areas of internal waters of the Azerbaijan Republic and of the Azerbaijan Republic section of the Caspian Sea (lake); wetlands; running water courses and water collectors designated as rare natural landscapes; zones of protection of source and mouth of water objects; places of spawning and wintering of valuable fish types; water objects with integral link to forests, flora and fauna and other specially protected natural resources; basins of underground water reserves…” The areas categorized above could be designated as sensitive areas, according to the described procedure on the same resolution. As known the EC Directive 97/271 /EC is applicable to all surface water bodies and the Caspian Sea under the territory of Azerbaijan. The question remains whether the surface water resources could be eutrophic and designated as sensitive areas in future. If the effluent contains partly removed Nitrogen and Phosphorus, they can be eutrophic and the area of the effluent discharge can be designated as sensitive areas, which will allow for the protection of the receiving water quality based on their utilization. Therefore removal of organic substances that are main reasons for eutrophication is preferred through a settled agreement between the relevant government agencies. Based on this agreement the new design criteria is set for the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the modification of wastewater treatment plants of rayons. This modification is expected to contribute to keeping the water quality of the discharged water bodies.

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Furthermore Azerbaijan is party to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea. Part III Article 7 paragraph (f) of The Framework Conventions states that: “in order to reduce organic substances inputs from industrial and municipal sources, the best available environmentally sound technology is to be applied”. As known the designed technology was considering secondary treatment. However the nutrient removal which is considered in the modified design criteria has resulted to the increase in the level of treatment. The treated wastewater shall be discharged into a collector which ends up Caspian Sea through Devechi Lagoon. Due to its condition both of the receiving water medium can be declared as sensitive area in future. Therefore the treated waters quality is not expected to contain phosphorus. Thus the sensitive areas effluent standards of UWWTD needs to be achieved. The requirements for sludge treatment proposed by the Consultant are stabilization of sludge and dry solids content of approx. 25%. which can be achieved by sludge drying beds. Mainly planned in the project the extended aeration system is feasible from economic and exploitation implementation point of view and is characterized with a low probability of accidents as in this variant a heated septic reservoir and utilization of gas is not required.

Daily, 418.9 kg sludge will be produced in the Plant and dewatered. According to Item 3.7, 3rd Article, Azerbaijan Republic Cabinet of Ministers Decision about Sanitary Rules, Hygiene and Environmental Specifications Based Cities and Other Cities and Other Populated Areas Treatment, Temporary Domestic Waste Storage, Regular Removal and Neutralization Guidelines dated 21 April 2005 No. 74, landfill disposal of solid domestic waste of hazardous and safe (intra-sedimental) industrial waste and waste which can be recycled (repeatedly used ) is prohibited. That is why sludge will be stored within the Plant and will be used in agricultural activities during the season. In that case content of sludge to be used in agriculture must meet requirements of sludge content environmental control standard presently effective in Azerbaijan.

Water borne diseases are expected to decrease in time with the upgrade of infrastructure facilities in the rayon. 3.3 Map of project area and the location of project infrastructure to be included. Shabran rayon center which is project area has been located in the north-east of the Greater Caucasus. Shabran territory consists of plain-foothill and highland zones(See Figure 3.5).

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Figure 3.5. Map of location of Shabran region

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The rayon’s economic activity is based on agriculture. Local people mainly deal with grain and vegetable growing and stock farming. Socio-economical information about the project area is given at the section 2.4.4. In Shabran rayon center 23,600 people live according to the census result of year 2013. The project service area for water supply will include the Sincanboyat and Surra villages .The wastewater from Surra Village is taught to be collected as well as refugee camp located at the northeast of Shabran rayon center. Below is given division of the rayon territory to different areas depending on water sources, land use and type of economical activity(Figure 3.6).

Figure 3.6. Land use and economic areas in Shabran region

Map of location of existing and proposed in the FS document infrastructure are given in the ANNEXES I-IV

3.4 Legal and Institutional Strengthening Existing Organization: Services related to sewerage system and stormwater are under the responsibility of Local Birleshmish SuKanal Authority. Ten management and administration staff including one manager, 24 accounting staff, 13 technical staff responsible for water supply systems and 5 technical staffs responsible for sewerage systems has been employed by Local Birleshmish Su Kanal Authority. Proposals for Strengthening of Institutional Structure: The main proposal for the organization is to separate Shabran Su Kanal Department from the central organizations like AZERSU and Birleshmish Su Kanal in order to have an efficient and operational management structure. Existing organizational structure of the Shabran Su Kanal Department is proposed to be kept mainly as it is. However some small modifications within the organization structure have been proposed to be realized in order to improve the Shabran Su Kanal Department. As a must, the constructed wastewater treatment plant will require a few skilled staff, like plant director, engineer/chemist and a technician, and ordinary workers. The technician and workers for the wastewater treatment plant could be selected and trained from the existing staff of the Shabran Su Kanal Deparment. Besides that a part time Information Technologies Specialist (IT Specialist) is proposed to assist to the Shabran Su Kanal Department Head. IT specialist will assist to the installation and development of information technologies within the organization. A (See Figure 3.7 for the extended units of the Organizational Structure of the Shabran Su Kanal Department)

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FIGURE 3.7. PROPOSED ORGANIZATION DIAGRAM OF SHABRAN SU KANAL DEPARMENT(FS)

Shabran Su Kanal Dept.

Head

Economist SafetyInspector

Operation&

MaintenanceDepartment

AccountingDepartment

PersonnelDepartment

DeputyHead

CustomerRelations

Department

DrinkingWater

NetworkO & M

Services

SewerageNetworkO & M

Services

PumpingStationsO & M

Services

Wastewater Treatment Plant

O & MServices

InformationTechnologies

Specialist

Units kept

Units Proposed to be Extended


Head


Operation&



PersonnelDepartment

DeputyHead

CustomerRelations

Department

DrinkingWater

NetworkO & M

Services


Services


Services


O & MServices


Head


Operation&



PersonnelDepartment

DeputyHead

CustomerRelations

Department

DrinkingWater

NetworkO & M

Services


Services


Services


O & MServices

InformationTechnologies

Specialist

Units kept

Units Proposed to be Extended

54

4. BASIC INFORMATION

4.1. Bio-physical description of project area

Relief and geological structure

Shabran region is situated on the north-east slope of Big Caucasus mountains of the same natural region. The area of the region have complex relief condition. Flat, foothills and mountainous relief forms are distributed here. Absolute altitude changes between 28 m and 2205 m. The Flat part of the area is on Samur-Devechi lowland. The Caspian coast side of this lowland is situated below ocean-level. The lowland is of accumulative origin and covered with sea sedimentary rocks of forth age. Towards the west from the lowland the absolute altitude increases and flat relief is replaced with plateaus, low and middle relief forms. The main part of the region is on the Front Caucasus tectonic landing zone (Gusar-Devechi synclinorium) and only the west mountainous part is on Big Caucasus tectonic ascend zone (Tenge-Beshbarmag anticlinorium). Shabran region is situated on magnitude 7 seismic zone. The geological structure of the area is complex. There are two geological Age of Mammals and Age of Reptiles rocks that are mentioned in Azerbaijan. Age of Mammals rocks are distributed more widely. They are mainly represented by third and forth age rocks (clays, sand stones, sahels, etc.). Forth age rocks are distributed on the east side, the third age rocks on the central side and Chalk aged rocks of the Age of Reptiles on the west side. The whole area of Shabran region is covered with sedimentary rocks. Climate

According to the climate condition, the area of Shabran region can be divided into two parts. semi-desert and dry climate type is superior on the east side of the region where flats are widely spread and temperate warm climate type is superior on the west side where mountain relief forms are widely spread (as per Keppens’ classification).

On the area that is situated on semi-desert and temperate warm climate type the average annual rainfall quantity reaches to 300-350 mm; this forms 30-35% of the possible evaporation quantity. Precipitation is distributed irregularly during the year. Most precipitation (70%) fall in the cold period (October-March) of the year. The summer is warm and winter is moderate. The average annual temperature of the weather is 12-13ºC. The area has big thermic resources. Table 4.1 describes average monthly and annual amounts of the main climate elements of Shabran region and on Pic. 4.1 wind flower is given. Because of non-existence of meteorological observation post in Shabran region, the information is taken from Shabran post that is situated on the similar physical-geographical condition. As it seems from Pic. 4.1 the north-west winds are superior in the region.

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Table 4.1. Average monthly and annual amounts of the main climate elements (according to the Siyazan station information H=26 m)

№ Name of element I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Annual

1

Weather temperature, C0 a) average

1,4

2,0

4,4

9,5

16,0

21,0

24,3

24,0

19,9

14,2

8,7

4,1

12,5

b) absolute maximum 24 24 28 34 35 40 40 41 39 36 28 21 41 v) absolute minimum -18 -17 -9 -4 1 5 10 10 5 -4 -9 -14 -18

2 Rainfalls, mm 27 21 26 27 18 19 16 13 32 38 43 28 308 3 Wind speed, m/s 4,3 4,2 4,6 5,0 4,3 4,6 4,6 5,0 4,6 4,2 4,3 4,1 4,5

4 Absolute humidity of the weather, mb 6,1 6,1 6,8 9,3 13,4 16,8 20,3 20,4 17,0 12,8 9,4 6,9 12,1

5 Relative humidity of the weather, % 84 84 82 77 73 65 64 66 72 80 82 83 76

6 Humidity deficit, mb 1,2 1,2 1,6 3,2 5,6 9,7 11,3 10,5 6,8 3,4 2,0 1,5 4,8

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Figure 4.1. Wind flower (according to the Siyazan station information)

Soil types The height zoning is clearly seen in the distribution of soil types over the area. In the arid and semiarid landscapes of the investigated area irrigated soils, sewage soils,

boharic soils and practically not cultivated versions of the meadow-brown, meadow-forest, meadow-grey-brown, grey-brown, meadow-grey, flow-meadow (alluvial-meadow) soils cover a wide region area.

Information on the main soil types distributed in the area is given in the Table 4.2.

Table 4.2. Distributed soil types in Shabran region № Soil types Bonitet marks Area, ha 1 Mountain-meadow 90.00 3,870.00 2 Brown mountain-forest 86.00 22,320.00 3 Meadow brown 85.00 20,070.00 4 Mountain-grey-brown 59.00 36,720.00 5 Clay-yellow 94.00 6,840.00 6 Chestnut (not completely developed) 18.00 14,670.00 7 Meadow grey (irrigated) 68.00 27,270.00 8 Grey-brown 42.00 15,840.00 9 Alluvial-meadow 63.00 13,770.00 10 Marshy grassland 71.00 5,940.00 11 Sandy place 10.00 8,640.00

Total 63.00 175,950.00

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70% of grey-brown soils, more than 80% of meadow-grey-brown and meadow-forest soils are changed into agro-irrigation landscapes. Formation of meadow-brown soils is connected with ground waters being situated close to the surface. Irrigated meadow-brown soils have been completely changed into agro landscapes.

Ecosystems Natural landscape types In Shabran region there are three main landscape types (ecosystem type): 1.Flat semi-desert ecosystem 2.Foothills semi-desert ecosystem 3.Forest ecosystem of low mountains Semi-desert ecosystem of flat areas covers the territory between Samur-Absheron channel and Caspian Sea. Foothills semi-desert ecosystem is distributed in the middle part of the region (200-600 m heights).

Flora/Vegetative cover

The main part of semi-desert ecosystem plants are consisted of different types of

wormwood, ethyl alcohol ephemmeroids, etc. Depending on the soil-ecological condition of the area wormwood and ethyl alocohol ephemmeroids together cover the soil surface from 25-30% up to 70-80%.

In rich rainfall spring season Poa Bulbusa, Dolium rigidum Ejand, Erodium cicaturium, and in dry years Salsola dendroides are widely distributed. Semi-desert plant yield is not so high and usually changes between 1-7 s/ha.

The low mountain forest zone stretches as a narrow belt between 500-600 m and 800-900 m height. At the east of the zone due to dryness of the climate the upper border of the forests ascend up to 1200-1400 m (in some areas 1600 m) height. Oak and hornbeam trees are superior in the forests. Georgian (or Iberian) oak seldom forms pure forest, but mainly with hornbeam and sometimes together with lime-tree. On flat crests of the low mountain beddings and on gentle slopes there are oak forests. On other areas basically oak, ash-tree and oak-hornbeam forests are superior.

Due to humidity increase on river valleys and hollows of low mountains lian pistachio-tree and hornbeam forests are developed.

Under oak and oak-hornbeam forests complex structured little trees and bushes grow.

Fauna

Typical animals of semi-desert and dry fields are wolf, fox, jackal, rabbit, etc. Preyers occur close to sheep-pens and villages, as well as in open semi-desert areas. Because of fox and jackal being mainly rodent feeders, they usually live far away from settlements. Grey, chestnut and red coloured small fox (Vulpes Alpheraklyi) feeding with insect and rodents are widely spread.

On semi-desert and dry fields from rodents badger, spotted or polecat (Vormela Sarmatica) and weasel also occur in semi-desert and dry fiels areas, but rarely. Field mouse (Microtus Socialis), Red tail mouse (Meriones crythrourusi), Bogdanov field mouse, Williams arab rabbit, small arab rabbit, grey mountain mouse (Cricetulus Migratorius), house and forest mouses, sand mouse, rabbit are typical rodents of semi-desert and dry fields. Here, from insect feedings lop-eared hedgehog, long-tailed white-toothed, stink badger (Pachyure etrusca) considered as the smallest mammallia also occur.

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On semi-desert and dry fields from birds stonebird (Ocnanthe isabelino), crested lark (Alanda ciristata), grey lark, field lark, red duck, simple dove, etc. can be shown.

Reptiles commonly occur in semi-deserts and arid-denuded low mountains. Tortoise, some types of lizards including snake-eyed lizard and others, occur.. Snakes are also widely spread: adder (Vipera labitina), təlxə (Coluber jugularis), venomous snake, blind snake, feeding with insects (Contia collaris).

From amphibians only green land frog (Bufo Viridis) can be shown. There are many types of different insects.

According to structure and way of life of the animal world the mountain forest zone is differs dramatically from other landscape-ecological systems in Shabran. One of the rare animals of this place is forest cat.

In mountain-forest landscape badger and squirrel are rarely mentioned. Here, some types of mouses and forest mousesrı, bush mouse, Caucasus mouse), shrew and other rodents are widely spread.

Mountain forests are dwelling place for black woodpecker, three types of many-coloured woodpecker, snow bird, colourful nightingale, siskin, red throat. There are also water sparrow, long-tailed tomtit (in winter months), grey eagleowl in this belt.

From reptiles, snake, rock lizard, grass-snake are mentioned in this belt. Mountain forests are also rich with insects (dark blue proserus insect, blue alpine

insect), forest bee and snails.

Anthropogenic transformation of natural landscape 60% of semi-desert complexes are occupied by pasture and hayfield, 2,8% by

agroirrigation (18,6% grain, 4,2% vegetable, melon plantation) landscapes, 8,4% by technogen modifications (road, channel, gas, oil pipe, current lines, etc.), 8,8% by river-beds, gorge, ravine, valley, etc. useless areas.

In the semi-desert zone, pipes, automobile and rail routes, electrical lines, irrigation channels and other man-made modifications separate large areas of the natural environment into small parts. In some places man-made developments (between Gilazi-Zarat) occupy over 25% area of semi-deserts. Anthropogenic transformation of dry fields . Bushy-fields, second-fields, forest-bushy-fields differ from each-other accroding to their anthropogenic degree. The anthropogenesis of black thorn, wormwood bushy fields forming on grey-brown soils of sloping flats is equal to 0.78%. 35% of these complexes is irrigated garden, 47% is irrigated garden- plantation, hayfield and 18% are technogen modifications. Modern anthropogenesis of high sloping flats, forest-field and fields of river terraces reaches to 0,85 and of weak decomposited, wide terraced fields to 0,9. Analysis of cartographic information referring to the 20th century shows that all these fields arose as the result of destruction of old forests where oak was superior. Anthropogenic transformation of intrazonal landscapes. These complexes differ with their both high natural dynamic and sharp anthropogenesis. At the beginning of 20th century lowland intrazonal complexes occupied more than 70% of area only in Samur-Davachi . As a result of anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes flat forests have been replaced with forest-bushes, forest-meadows, bogs, meadows, meadow-bushes and different anthropogenic modifications. Forest, forest-bushes and forest-meadow complexes – frequently undergo to anthropogenic impacts around settlements, big railway and automobile terraces.

Meadow-bog and flat-meadow complexes are one of the the most aggravated anthropogenesis unit of region. Average anthropogenesis coefficient changes are between 0,7-0,8. Only around Agzibirchala is this indicator significantly lower (0,2-0,4), while in old river-bed and hollow cavity flats it is 0,6, and between Garachay-Jagajugchay in bog-meadows using small areal hayfields it is is 0,7.

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Underground and surface waters Surface waters

The main rivers of Shabran region are Shabranchay, Davachichay and Gilgilchay. At the north of region the low flow of Valvalachay separates Shabran from Guba region. Main morphometric and flow characteristics of these rivers have been given on Table 4.3 and flow sources on Table 4.4. Table 4.3. Average long-term and extremal water use of rivers

N River post

Annual flow

norm, m3/s

Maximum water use,

m3/s

Minimum water use,

m3/s

Water catchment area, km2

Average height of basin, m

I Valvalachay

1. Valvalachay -Nohur

flat 2,88 80,4 0,088 210 2020

2. Valvalachay -Tanga-

Alti 4,45 256 0,18 454 1870 II Shabran çay 3. Shabranchay-Zeyva 0,17 49,1 0 29,8 1150 III Davachichay

4. Davachichay-

Khalfalar 0,37 176 0 132 760 IV Gilgilchay

5. Kharmidorchay-

Khaltan 0,31 20,6 0,002 42,4 1380 6. Gilgilchay-Jalagan 0,74 110 0 696 (920)

Note: Both of hydrological stations on Valvalachay are in Guba region.

Valvalachay arises from interflow of Babachay and Jimichay rivers and begins from 2920 m height. Its length is 98 km, basin area is 628 km2, average altitude is 1495.

Forest occupies 78 km2 area in the basin. Average inclination of Valvalachay is 30,1 ‰ and river network density is 0,84 km/km2. It has high-water spring and high-water flood autumn regime. Table 4.4. Flow sources of the rivers

N River station Snow waters, %

Rain waters, % Ground waters, %

I Valvalachay 1. Valvalachay-Nohur flat 40 36 24 2. Valvalachay -Tanga-Altı 35 27 38 II Shabrançay 3. Shabrançay-Zeyva 8 68 24 III Davachichay 4. Davachichay-Khalfalar 5 75 20 IV Gilgilchay 5. Kharmidorchay-Khaltan 14 50 36 6. Gilgilchay-Jalagan

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In the chemical content of Valvalachay water hydrocarbonate anion and calcium cation are superior. Mineralization degree changes between 450-550 mg/l.

Water resources of Valvalachay are used in irrigation and the feeding of Samur-Absheron channel. There is Valvala water-power station with 230 kvt power in the river.

Shabranchay. Arises from combination of springs flowing from east slope of Klit mountain of lateral spine (on 1680 m altitude). The river flows to Agzibir port situated on 4 km north-east from Sarvan village. It is high water flood river.

Its water is hydrocarbonated calcium and mineralization degree on average is 500 mg/l. Water resources are used mainly in irrigation.

Davachichay. Arises from combination of Zahlinchay flowing from Katandan chain that is the main part of lateral spine and Piribadilchay (on 1530 m altitude) and flows into Agzibir port.

It is high water flood river and its main food sources are rain waters. Ground water part is 20%, snow water part is only 5% (Table 4.4).

Water quality in the upper river is comparatively good, and is of hydrocarbonated-calcium water type and with mineralization between 435-640 mg/l. On lower flow the river water is polluted with sewage.

Gilgilchay starts from Gulumdostu mountain (on 1980 m altitude). It is also high water flood river. The mineralization degree of water reaches to 920 mg/l. Water resources are using mainly in irrigation. Underground waters

The area of Shabran region is mainly consisting of clayey rocks of palaeogene and

neogene periods. Local occurrences of sands, gravels and limestones are common, but these are of limited extent and do not support the formation of significant groundwater resources. Accordingly, both ground and aretsian water resources in the region are limited. Groundwater plays a role in feeding the rivers of the area (see Table 4.4), but their role is small in comparison with other sources of water that feed the rivers and in arid years in summer monthes these rivers dry up.

In the foothills of Gilgilchay basin there are fresh and little mineralized ground water resources. According to the assessments the resources of these waters are 1000 m3/day. 4.2. Social-economic character of Project area Economical-geographical position

Shabran region is one of the five administrative regions (Shabran, Khachmaz, Guba, Gusar, Siyazan) of Guba-Khachmaz economical-geographical region. The area of Shabran region is 1088 km2 and population is 51.2 thousand.

Shabran region is situated on north-east of Republic. The economical-geographical position of the region is very advantageous from a development perspective. Transportation and communication lines pass through the region going from Azerbaijan to Russia and other CIS countries to the north; also, the proximity of Shabran to the highly developed industrial centre plays an important role in developing the economy of the region. The transport network of the region is represented by rail, automobile, pipe-line transport types. The passing of main rail-automobile lines through the region, and also the direct access of the region to the sea create very good economic development conditions. As an indicator of development potential, the Baku-Khachmaz-Darband railway line that passes through Shabran recorded an increase in freight and passengers of 2 – 2.5 times in the 1995 – 1996 period.

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Population Population dynamics in Shabran region is given in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5. Increase dynamics of population number in Shabran region (thousand persons)

Area 1st of January situation 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012

Republic of Azerbaijan 7131.9 7643.5 8032.8 8447.3 9356.5 City population 3847.3 4005.6 4116.4 4477.6 4966 .2

Village population 3284.6 3637.9 3916.4 3969.7 4390.3 Guba-Khachmaz economic region – total 373.7 417.8 445.3 465.9 511.7

City population 123.1 134.6 138.9 154.8 172.5 Village population 250.6 283.2 306.4 311.1 339.2

Shabran region 39.3 44.1 46.4 48.6 54.7 City population 19.0 20.5 20.5 21.2 23.6

Village population 20.3 23.6 25.9 27.4 31.1 As identified in Table 4.5 most people in Shabran region live in villages and the

urbanization level is 43%. The birth rate of the region was 22.9 per 1000 people in the 1990’s, but this has dropped to 10.7 births per 1000 more recently. The average density of population is 50.2 people per km2. The working population is 34% of the total population.

Shabran attracts immigrants from other CIS countries. Displaced persons from Nagorno-

Karabakh are also inhabit the region. Displaced persons having limited economic means and faced with unemployment are among the most vulnerable groups in society in Shabran region.

Economic-social situation In Shabran region approximately 75% of employed persons work in state sector. There

are 8 industrial and 12 agricultural institutions; 9 of them are state owned and 11 are private sector owned. The average monthly salary is 207.9 AZN. The average salary in the state sector is approximately 50% lower than the regional average, and in private sector is approximately 50% higher than the regional average.

The social-economic indicators of the region are given in Table 4.6. Table 4.6. The social-economic indicators of Shabran region.

Number of doctors, person 63 Number of infant schools 3

Number of doctors per 10000 persons

12.3 Number of children there, person

205

Number of average medical workers, person

239 Number of children against 100 places in infant schools

158

Number of average medical workers per 10000 persons

46.8 Internal general education schools 49

Number of hospitals

3 Number of pupils there, person 8425

Number of hospital beds

280

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Industrial activity focuses on oil-gas production, other local raw material resources, food industries and hardware production. In addition, there is a carpet factory in Shabran. Local inhabitants are mainly busy with grain-growing, vegetable-growing and cattle-breeding, however. At recent times wheat planting is considerable increased (Table 4.7). Over Shabran region production of plant-growing crops and productivity on agriclutural spheres are given in Tables 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10 and 4.11.

Table 4.7. Sowing areas over Shabran region, ha

№ Sowing areas 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Sowing areas of

grain and grain beans

6791 9737 11580 12046 12039 8851 8245

2 Wheat sowing area 5366 8300 9697 9944 9751 6208 5008 3 Barley sowing area 1406 1390 1862 2074 2259 2592 3076 4 Maize sowing area

for grain 16 44 18 25 26 48 141

5 Sowing area of foodstuff melon plantation

9 12 14 14 10 11 8

6 Potato sowing area 65 114 117 120 128 124 125 7 Vegetable sowing

area 707 784 787 883 843 838 915

8 Sowing area of foodstuff melon plantation

9 12 14 14 10 11 8

9 Orchard sowing area 510 511 510 782 788 898 1026 10 Vineyard sowing

area 277 205 204 38 30 58 140

Table 4.8. Production of plant-growing crops over Shabran region, ton

№ Production field 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Production of grain

and grain beans 11594 23777 28390 30683 30807 17484 15649

2 Wheat production 9750 20415 23762 25967 25633 11452 9729 3 Barley production 1819 3314 4581 4658 5114 5932 5695 4 Maize production

for grain 21 43 41 53 55 95 217

5 Beet-sugar production 190

6 Sunflower production for grain

10

7 Potato production 274 544 568 578 577 579 582 8 Vegetable

production 4200 5975 6263 6818 6823 7008 7654

9 Production of foodstuff melon plantation

86 31 36 39 36 41 42

10 Fruit production 592 614 655 725 727 742 746 11 Grape production 1351 606 618 628 764 767 773

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Table 4.9. Productivity on agricultural fields in Shabran region, cent/ha

№ Productivity 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Grain productivity 17.1 24.4 24.5 25.5 25.6 19.8 19.0 2 Wheat productivity 18.2 24.6 24.5 26.1 26.3 18.4 19.4 3 Barley productivity 12.9 23.8 24.6 22.5 22.6 22.9 18.5 4 Maize productivity

for grain 13.1 9.8 22.8 21.2 21.2 19.8 15.4

5 Beet-sugar productivity 20

6 Sunflower productivity for grain

1

7 Potato productivity 42 48 48 48 45 47 47 8 Vegetable

productivity 59 76 80 77 81 84 84

9 Productivity of foodstuff melon plantation

96 26 26 28 36 37 53

10 Fruit productivity 12.1 12 12.8 11.4 11.1 11.1 11 11 Grape productivity 48.8 26 26.6 177.7 242 215.2 137.4

One of the specialized fields of the region is cattle-breeding. In flat areas milk-beef cattle

breeding, in foothills and mountainous areas sheep-breeding is developed (Table 4.10). Table 4.10. Number of cattle in Shabran (thousands)

Cattle-breeding

fields 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Cow and bufallo 10448 10743 10796 10239 10323 10655 11378

Sheep and goat 32085 35290 35599 35745 36233 37277 41852

In broiler enterprises of Shabran chicken and eggs are producing (Table 4.10). Table 4.11 Animal produce production in Shabran region

№ Production fields 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1 Meat production,

ton (undercut) 719 4575 3868 4777 5217 8139 8502

2 Milk production, ton 10408 11821 10755 10819 10820 10821 10889

3 Egg production, thousand 2657 1794 2500 2506 1456 1457 18852

4 Wool production, ton

57 59 53 56 57 58 58

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4.3. Significant changes in Project area In Shabran region reestablishment of Water Supply and Sewerage systems take into

account the following construction works: 1. For Water Supply system;

• Construction of reservoirs; • Construction of pump stations; • Lay on water supply lines.

2. For Sewerage System • Construction of sewage cleaning structures • Installation of lines (main waterway) removing sewage

According to the FS report in the region 4 new reservoirs must be constructed [. Three

of them have been constructed already. The volume of each is 500 m3 and these reservoirs are on the west side of new Baku-Guba highway. A sanitary zone has been established around each of these reservoirs.

All three reservoirs are constructed on the slope of hilly territory. One more reservoir will be constructed in Baku II water pipe sanitary zone on the

property of the Water Kanal of Shabran region. The volume of this reservoir will be 1000 m3; currently, the location of this reservoir is undeveloped and is covered with natural grass and bushes; one house is located on the south side of this location. It is planned to construct two pump stations. One of them will be constructed on the west bank of Samur-Absheron channel (approximately in the distance of 8 m from channel).

The second pump station is intended for drawing water from reservoir N2 into the reservoir N3.

A sewage treatment structure will be constructed on undeveloped land 2 km east of Shabran city. The local population use this territory as pasture and partly hayfields. There are no residences nearby.

The main water supply and sewerage lines will be installed parallel to each-other under the streets of the city. One part of existing water supply network will be retained, but sewerage system will be completely reestablished.

Because the reestablishment of Water Supply and Sewerage systems will take place throughout the city, works connected with their installation will impact on all townspeople. It is clear, however, that negative impacts impacts related to construction will be strongest on residents living directly by streets where work is undertaken, and comparatively weak on population living on distant streets. In addition, negative impacts will be felt by people travelling through areas where construction takes place.

4.4. Information reliability There are three main sources of used information in preparing of report: 1. Existing web-sites, questionnaire, scientific literature; 2. Visual field investigation; 3. Experts’ investigation objects and knowledge on environment and generalization

skills.

Information on physical-geographical condition, geological structure, soil cover, ecosystems, vegetative and animal worlds of the region have been taken from appropriate monographs and “Atlas of Azerbaijan”.

Main sources of information on climate, surface and ground waters of the territory have been taken from different questionnaires of National Hydrometeorology and Department of Monitoring of Environment and they are the results of monitoring conducted on last years.

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General information on social-economic situation of the region have been taken from relative monographs and web-site of State Statistics Committee.

Information on Water Supply and Sewerage System structures (reservoirs, pump stations, water cleaning structure, water supply lines, etc.) that will be constructed and renewed in the territory have been taken from FS reports.

Members of the EIA project team have implemented scientific-investigation works and realized projects in different regions of Azerbaijan, including in Shabran region. In preparation of reports, gathering, processing, analyzing and generalization of information they used their knowledge and skills.

The quality and accuracy of information used in preparation of report can be considered as generally satisfactory. .

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5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 5.1 Environmental Issues The boundaries of the EIA study are defined in two ways:

• The boundaries of the project service area are defined by the boundaries of Shabran city and nearby villages in Shabran Rayon.

• The boundaries of the specific facilities to be established through the project are defined by the facilities themselves and the area of potential impact adjacent to them. The area of potential impact differs for different potential impacts (e.g. the area of potential impact associated with visual impacts is greater than the area of potential impact associated with land use disturbance), and these will be defined in the EIA study in association with the nature of the potential impacts themselves.

The EIA study reflects project boundaries according to each of these considerations. As described above the Project documentation has identified the following environment-related problems associated with existing WSS systems in Shabran region:

• The untreated waste waters are liable to pollute groundwater and, in wet periods, surface water.

• Land and atmosphere air pollution by the effect of untreated waters discharged to open areas, posing a health threat on the local population.

• Leakages from old WS facilities (including water losses as a result of accidental breakage of old pipelines) and also inefficiency of water use lead to drinking water shortage by volume and time scales.

• Discharge of untreated industrial wastes (including medical) represents an immediate public health risk.

• Little effort is made to reduce, reuse or recycle waste waters discharged to the sewage collector..

• Absence of water meters lead to inefficient use of drinking water, including its use for irrigation and other purposes

• There is need to provide irrigation water supply from Samur- Absheron canal for lower tariffs than drinking water

The proposed project is intended to address these problems. Therefore, the primary environmental improvements associated with the proposed project will be the creation of an environmentally sound WSS system that eliminates these problems to the extent feasible. The major environmental risks associated with project implementation are as follows:

• Proposed facilities are not in fact designed or constructed properly, either because sites are not sufficiently investigated to ensure that appropriate designs are undertaken, or because of inadequate design and/or construction supervision.

• Proposed facilities are not operated properly, either because management or operational staff are inadequately trained or because inadequate financial resources are available to maintain the water management system following the investment.

The main socio-economic risks relate to the potential negative impact of the project during construction: the project may disrupt the community for an extended period during its construction. Disruptions at the residential level may occur as a result of the noise and dust

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associated with construction, and disruptions to local economic activity may occur as a result difficulty in crossing construction zones and difficulty in accessing business locations. 5.2. Potential Positive Project Impacts The primary objective of the project is to improve the health and livelihoods of the urban communities through the provision of safe, potable quality and adequate water supply and sanitation. Based on the feasibility study document the following indicators will be followed: • Secure supply with potable water meeting World Health Organization (WHO) and/or

national quality standards • Continuous water supply for 24 hours per day • Supply of each user with sufficient water for domestic needs • Water distribution system workable under operation pressures with low leakage rates • Safe collection and treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and reduction of

aquifer pollution • Compliance of water supply facilities, sewer system and wastewater treatment plant

based on international and/or Azeri standards(Annex 6). • Affordable Water Supply and Sanitation Prices for consumers and within determined

service tariffs • Minimum use of natural resources to keep the impact of WSS measures on the

environment at minimum level during implementation and maintenance Implementation of an Action Plan that will upgrade and improve the sustainability in the Rayon centers through application of a new, efficient and appropriately sized water and sanitation infrastructure , strengthening of local know how and capacity to deliver and maintain water supply and sanitation services , developing a sense of local ownership through community participation In general expected project benefits in the project area are : • Prevention of the Ground and Surface Water Pollution • Protection of the Public Health • Prevention of Wasting of Water Resources and Energy • Prevention of the Soil Pollution and Supply of Free Fertilizers to Farmers Based on the project modifications following impacts will be observed:

• Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality,

• Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. • Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton

concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

• Provide the income level of tourism, fishing. • The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional

benefits for the quality of water resources. • The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in

water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. • Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects

on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms.

• Decrease in use of area for sludge drying will lessen demand to the land use.

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• The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas.

5.3 Potential Negative Project Impacts and Mitigation Measures In this section, negative environmental impacts are identified, and the significance of hose impacts is assessed. An objective methodology is therefore required to permit assessment of the potential significance of environmental issues. As part of the Feasibility Study, a Rapid Environmental Assessment has been carried out. For this, the REA Checklist was filled for both sewerage and water supply systems. This checklist summarizes existing project area in Shabran and potential environmental impacts, which projects may cause. The checklist can be seen in the following table(Table 5.1).

Table 5.1. Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

QUESTIONS Yes No Notes A. Project site Project area...

Densely populated? X Involved in development projects? X Close to temporary reserves or including?

X

Cultural heritage X Protection zone X Swamp area X Estuary X Buffer zone of protected area X Special zone to protect biodiversity X Bay X B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will this project cause impacts...?

Damage to historical/cultural monuments /areas?

X

There are no cultural facilities and archeological monuments in the direct project zone. If any historical-cultural areas are to be recorded in the project zone in the future, proper measures are to be taken in accordance with Environmental Management Plan (EMP). These measures should ensure protection of historical archeological excavations and cultural heritage of national and international value.

Constraint to other enterprises and access to buildings; noise, bad smell related disturbance to neighboring areas and flow of rodents, insects etc.? X

It is expected that project related impacts during the construction works will be temporary, short-term and insignificant. The contractor should consider and take adequate measures to build temporary alternative roads, passages and relevant infrastructure to

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ensure access of people, reduce distribution of noise, bad odor and reach of wastewater to other sites.

resettlement or necessary relocation of local people

X

The project doesn’t include relocation of local people. It is also unlikely to result in loss of real estate, income sources and settlement areas. In case of temporary or permanent withdrawal of land owned by people during construction of water pipes or sewage lines, the losses will be compensated in accordance with relevant legislation of Azerbaijan republic.

damage to quality of downstream water in case of discharge of improperly treated or untreated wastewater?

X

Currently there is no adequate source for discharge of treated wastewater. Wastewater flows are usually discharged into open areas without any treatment which cause pollution of surface and ground water sources. It is believed that in the future the treated wastewater will be discharged into dry river bed or reused for irrigation purposes. If reused for irrigation, then in the periods out of irrigation season treated wastewater might cause damage to environment and health of people. Therefore, level of treatment shall be adjusted depending on the conditions of reuse and discharge. The wastewater flows will be treated to comply with the Surface Water Protection requirements of BOD205-3mg/l. So, 24 hour aeration process is envisaged with the application of full biological treatment. Wastewater flows treated up to BOD20= 20mg/l will undergo full retreatment in the natural pools. Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality. Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms.

Flooding of private properties with untreated wastewater

X Project includes construction of wastewater treatment works somewhere

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outside the urban area. The structures will comply with the modern technological standards and the process of construction will be supervised by the technical expertise. The operation and maintenance of the structure will be carried out by the qualified operator adhering to relevant technological schemes, design parameters and normative acts. The situations causing flooding the neighboring settlements and private property, other than natural disasters and technical breakages are unlikely.

Environmental pollution due to improper sludge operation or discharge of industrial wastewater into public sewage system?

X

Sludge produced by wastewater treatment will be processed properly. Sludge processing shall ensure full liquidation of its pollutant and harmful compositions. If sludge will be used for agricultural purposes, the proper processing will be included in the wastewater treatment process and respond to relevant sanitary-hygiene norms. If sludge will not be used in agriculture, it will be processed accordingly, stored in sludge fields and buried in the areas agreed with Rayon Executive Power and sanitary center. The body responsible for the maintenance of the treatment plant and sanitary-hygiene department will control discharge of inadmissible harmful substances, wastes and materials into the sewage collector. It has been expected that decrease in use of area for sludge drying will lessen demand to the land use. The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas.

Noise and vibration due to explosions and other construction works?

X

Construction works will be carried out in accordance with bidding process. It will be implemented with due compliance with specifications, ecological and sanitary norms and regulations. The quality and scope of works will be supervised by PIU and selected consultants. The constructor will take necessary measures in due time, with a view not to exceed allowable level of noise and vibration.

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Discharge of toxic substance into sewage system which may damage the system and harm workers health?

X

Inadequacy of contractor’s project related activities may cause damage to environment, staff health, and health security of local people, including discharge of toxic chemical substances to sewage collectors which may lead to bad consequences. The organization of works in accordance with the best practices and implementation of trainings for the local staff are the key components to eliminate or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and risk to human health.

Buffer zone to mitigate noise or other potential damages to surrounding locations and supply structures with protection zones?

X

Presently there are no protection lines/buffer zones around existing sewage structures and pumping stations. The planned new structures or rehabilitation of existing ones will require allocation of sanitary protection zone as indicated in the sanitary-hygiene norms. The planting of trees to provide a fence around these zones and implementation of other adequate arrangements will contribute mitigation of noise, vibration and other potential impacts.

Conflicts between construction staff from other areas and local workers?

X

Social studies implemented in the project zone show the sufficiency of local labor force with different disciplines. One of the project outcomes is the creation of new temporary and permanent employments. Thus, local expertise must be favored in the process of employment. Any conflicts resulted on any grounds will be resolved under procedures of Management of Social Impacts.

Traffic closures and temporary flooding of roads due to earth excavation works and during rainfall seasons?

X

It is expected that construction of water supply and sanitation system implies enormous earth excavation works. The contractor will plan the work phases, provide temporary roads for local population, protect surrounding areas from flooding due to excavation works and take proper actions to handle excavated material.

Noise and dust caused by construction works?

X

Noise and dust caused by construction works will be mitigated by the application of best ecological practices. These measures may include implementation of works during ordinary working hours and application of noise silencers. Noise production rate

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cannot exceed 65 dB in the daytime and 45 dB in the dark hours in accordance with Azerbaijani standards and norms. The dust distribution must be eliminated by minimum application of machines and mechanisms producing disturbing noise, watering of the construction site, provision of coatings over dusty materials and temporary fences and other methods.

Traffic constraints due to transportation of construction materials and wastes?

X

Construction works must be organized in such a way that they don’t cause constraints to normal traffic and extra noise. In order to avoid pollution of central urban areas excavated materials will be transported through alternative secondary roads rather than main highways. (to be agreed with rayon SRP).

Excavation of temporary silt?

X

One of the environmental impacts is the silt and other earth materials generated due to construction works. Such materials will be handled in accordance with the EMP, surrounded to ensure flow to other areas, covered (if necessary) and discharge to areas as agreed with the Rayon Executive Power.

Health risks due to flooding and groundwater pollution due to sewage line deterioration?

X

Treatment structures will be operated in compliance with the relevant guidelines and standard documents. These structures will be provided with emergency outlets in cases of breakages and other damages. Emergency outlets will be used with the prior awareness of the adequate local bodies. The emergency plan of the operator of the treatment structure will include early warning of unexpected emergency situations.

Damage to water quality due to bad sludge treatment or discharge of wastewater without treatment?

X

The plant should include internal laboratory to ensure operation of treatment structures in compliance with the relevant ecological and sanitary norms and adherence to permissible pollution level of the treated water content. The operation of these structures will also be followed by the local sanitary agencies and MENR regional departments.

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Pollution of surface and groundwater sources due to sludge accumulations?

X

Negligence of control of sludge accumulation in ecologically vulnerable areas can increase risk of pollution of surface and groundwater sources. The contractor will apply best practices to mitigate such risks.

Risks to health of operation staff resulting from toxic gases, harmful substances, including pathogens in the wastewater and sludge residues?

X

Wastewater operation staff should follow adequate technological instructions and sanitary norms in daily working hours and be provided with relevant safety uniforms and facilities. The security experts of wastewater treatment plant are responsible for safe working conditions and training of operation staff on security issues.

Conflicts of raw water supply with the consumers of other surface and groundwater sources? X

The supply of water will surely affect the capacity of the supply source but have no conflicting factor with other water consumers.

Supply of unreliable raw water (including extra pathogens and mineral compositions)?

X

Water sources meeting potable water norms and having required flow rates approved by the government, including necessary technical, economical, financial, and ecological requirements are seen as reliable alternative sources. The project excludes investigation of sources irrelevant to the above indicators.

Delivery of irrelevant water flows into the distribution system?

X

The development of operation department must ensure adherence to the wastewater treatment operation procedures and exclude any delivery of irrelevant and inadequate to water standards water flows into the distribution system.

Irrelevant protection of intake structures or wells resulting in pollution of water supply?

X

A sanitary-protection zone is envisaged for water supply source to be selected through comparison of different alternatives meeting technical, ecological, financial and ecological conditions and adequate structures to be built on this source. This zone will ensure any discharge of wastes or substances and illegal access to the selected water supply facilities.

Oversupply of groundwater flows resulting in soil salinization and ground setting?

X

The project studies will prioritize water sources with sufficient flow capacity and adequate quality (rivers, main water pipelines etc.), including artesian wells. The risk of soil salinization or ground settling will be determined by adequate geological investigations.

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Overgrowth of water-plants in the water reservoir?

X

Growth of water plants on the walls and bed of water reservoirs is unlikely. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater.

Production of wastewater flows which surpass design capacity of domestic sewage system?

X

Improvement of water supply will certainly increase production of domestic wastewater flows in the project towns. However, project activities include construction of adequate sanitation system and wastewater treatment structures which will prevent environmental pollution with additional wastewater flows.

Risks resulting from inadequate design of structures envisaged for purchase, storage and application of chlorine and other toxic chemicals?

X

The chlorine to be applied in the primary production structures and water reservoirs and transportation, storage and application of reagents to be used for water cleaning purposes and laboratory analyses will be carried out in accordance with the ‘National Strategy on the Management of Hazardous Substances and Wastes of the Republic of Azerbaijan’, including inventory of these substances. The given provision excludes any adverse impact of these substances on adequate staff and local population.

Health risks due to application of chlorine and other substances to disinfect water?

X

Chlorine and other reagents to be used for disinfection of potable water is unlikely to cause any health risks because the staff working with such substances will have necessary knowledge of behavior with such substances and follow adequate guidelines and instructions. By modification of chlorine disinfection to UV disinfection in WWTP the risk of vulnerability of staff has been decreased.

Risks of inadequate water supply and disproportionate chlorination in the distribution system due to bad

X

The project envisages full replacement of pipes, structures and other facilities of water supply and sanitation system of

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operation and maintenance (siltation of filters)?

the project area and their maintenance in accordance with the best practices and laboratory analyses of potable water supplied to urban population. The application of new operation model to the water supply facilities will cause operational and service improvement of this sector. In line with above notes it is not likely that the level of chlorine in the water flows supplied to local population will increase permissible levels.

Delivery of water to corroded distribution network due to negligence of proper proportionate application of chemical substances?

X

Modern and more reliable construction materials (polymer pipes etc.) will be used in the reconstruction of the water supply and sanitation system which will ensure proper operation of distribution system and its corrosion resistance.

Unexpected leakage of gas chlorine?

X

Transportation, storage and application of any chemical substances to be used for disinfection of potable water will be carried out in accordance with the adequate guidelines. The adherence to such guidelines will prevent any leakages. By modification of chlorine disinfection to UV disinfection in WWTP the risks have been reduced.

Oversupply of water to the downstream consumers?

X

According to the current studies existing water sources used for water supply are irrelevant, with negligence for physical-chemical treatment which causes health risks. The improvement of water supply and sanitation system will cause no risk for downstream consumers.

In addition to the findings in above table for comparison also a semi-quantitative analysis has been undertaken to further evaluate potential environmental impacts., and Accordingly, “Valued environmental components” (VEC’s) are determined and ranked as “high”, “medium” or “low” ( Table 5.2). Each of the environmental components identified in the Table has been identified during the consultations or as a result of technical analysis. Valued environmental components that are valued as “high” are those that are broadly important across society. VEC’s that are ranked as “medium” are those that are important at a community level, but are of limited significance at a wider level. VEC’s that are ranked as “low” are significant at a localized level1 The table evaluates the significance of potential impacts with respect to each VEC. The “significance of potential environmental effects” is ranked based on the intrinsic potential of

1 The identification and priority assigned to a VEC has been informed by the public consultations that took place in June 2010.

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the identified potential effects to impact the VEC’s. As identified in the Table, the potential significance of possible project effects is ranked as “high” for most of the VEC’s that are highly valued. However, the significance of project impacts on land use is considered to be “medium” since the amount of land in question is limited, some future land uses would be enhanced (and development costs lowered) by facility development and specific alternate land uses have not been proposed. The significance of potential project effects on VEC’s ranked as “medium” varies. In some cases, potential project effects are ranked as “high” and in other cases as “medium”. This recognizes that the project may have effects ranked as “high” or “medium” even though these effects may be on VEC’s that are not themselves ranked as “high”; these effects will be important to address to ensure that the project does not disadvantage the communities in which facilities are located. The project has only “low” potential with respect to the location of reservoirs and treatment plant facilities to impact property values, however, since Shabran community is located in a distance from the proposed site. VEC’s ranked as “low” are those that are relevant at the scale of individual property owners and users of the land on which proposed facilities are proposed to be located. Notwithstanding that they are considered as “low” from the perspective of society as a whole, they may be of the highest importance to the individuals and their families who depend on the proposed site locations for their livelihood. Potential project impacts on VEC’s at this level are “high”, since the project has potential to seriously disrupt both the livelihoods of those who use the land as well as the amenity values they associate with the land. Table 5.2 also identifies the availability of mitigation measures. As indicated in the table, mitigation measures are available to address all potential negative effects identified during the period of the preparation of this document. Mitigation measures may be at the level of facility siting, design, construction and operation, and may include physical, financial, institutional or other measures. An environmental monitoring plan will ensure that all measures are appropriately undertaken and that required environmental standards are maintained. This will document the nature and frequency of the monitoring required. For the WWTP site, environmental monitoring will include a schedule for regular monitoring for key indicators of contamination. Check points, terms of selection of samples of waste water and main indicators of its content are defined in each specific case at designing and they are specified at operation of irrigation systems in agreement with local control bodies.

WSS SHABRAN JULY 2010

EIA SCOPING STUDY 77

Table 5.2 :Valued Environmental Components and Potential Negative Effects

VALUED ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SIGNIFICANCE OF POTENTIAL NEGATIVE EFFECTS AVAILABILITY OF MITIGATION MEASURES Priority Environmental Component Potential Negative Project Effects Potential Significance of

Effect* Construction Phase High Ground and surface water Pollution of ground and surface water High Measures available

Land Use Long term reduction of choices for land development at the area

Medium Measures available

Natural habitat Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction related noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc.

Loss of natural areas due to construction works.

Medium Low

Measures available Measures not avaiilable

Flora and fauna Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.; Losses or degradations during and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc.


Drinking water quality Pollution of drinking water sources High Measures available

Cultural heritage Loss of cultural heritage Medium Measures available

Public health Injury from use of harmful substances in construction (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic materials etc.)

High Measures available

Air quality Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic gasses discharged by construction machineries, windblown construction materials etc.)


Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of construction wastes

Low Landfill for disposal of wastes is not available

Traffic/construction vehicle impacts

Increased level of truck/construction vehicle traffic in communities


Odour, dust and noise impacts from construction activities

Odour, dust and noise impact at staff and off-site receptors Medium Measures available

Medium Environmental pollution form WWTP

Environmental pollution due to improper sludge operation or discharge of industrial wastewater into public sewage system

Low Measures available




Effect* Socio-economic stability Inability of local communities to pay for services High Measures available

Public health Health risks from unprocessed wastes; Use of harmful substances by users of the WSS system (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions, toxic materials etc.)


Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of sludge; Possibility of erosion related to wastewater discharge;


Flooding of sewage system Production of wastewater flows which surpass design capacity of domestic sewage system as a result of increase of water supply

High Measures available, except that landfill for disposal of wastes is not available

Odour impacts from wastewater treatment plant site activities

Odour impacts on nearby properties High Measures available

Reduction of land in productive agricultural use

Reduced land availability for grazing and crops Medium Measures available

Limitations on future development

Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP area)


Limitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP area)


Environmental pollution form WWTP construction

Soil, air and/or water pollution from improper storage of construction materials


Operational Phase High Socio-economic stability Inability of community to pay for facilities High Measures available

Reduction in property values Low Measures available Public health Health risks from sludge disposed as waste High Landfill to protect public

health from health risks related to waste not available

Soil Contamination of soil from land disposal of sludge

High Landfill to protect soil quality from contamination related to waste not available

Possibility of soil erosion related to wastewater discharge;





Effect* Flooding of sewage system Production of wastewater flows which surpass design

capacity of domestic sewage system as a result of increase of water supply

High Measures available, except that landfill for disposal of wastes is not available

Odour impacts from wastewater treatment plant site activities

Odour impacts on nearby properties High Measures available

Reduction of land in productive agricultural use

Reduced land availability for grazing and crops Medium Measures available

Reduction in local property values.

Loss of investment value by residents Low

Measures available

Medium Limitations on future development Reduction of development options (reservoirs, WWTP area)


Visual impact Unsightliness of treatment facilities Low/medium Measures available Employment/livelihood Loss of traditional employment/livelihood High Measures available

Low Amenity value Loss of amenity value adjacent to treatment facilities Low Measures available



Analysis of content of sludge of waste water is conducted before use of it . Background content of heavy metals in soil isn’t high and sludge meets demands for irrigation use on fields. During the treatment process environmental quality standards should be followed. Treated waste waters can be used for irrigation or discharged to local drainage canal. Salty waters from irrigation fields enter into collector. Sometimes high amount of pesticides enter into collector. Chemical composition of water is heavy salts of sulphate- nitrogen - magnesium. Average salinity of collector waters makes up 6q/l. BOD, ammonium , and other chemicals exceed allowed concentrations. Chemical composition of the collector waters is given in Table 5.3- Table 5.3 Chemical composition of the collector waters

N İon content, mg/ek Dry res

Type pH Element NCO3 CL SO4 Ca Mg Na Concentration 7.30 16.60 51.10 10.00 19.00 46.10 5.400 sulphate-

nitrogen - magnesium

7.2

According to the study of GIWA about Caspian Sea on freshwater shortage, pollution, habitat and community modification, overexploitation of fish and other living resources, global change, and their constituent issues and the priorities Caspian Sea has been moderately affected by means of eutrophication. See table below. Therefore a special care should be paid to the effluent that has been discharged into the Caspian Sea, especially for nutrient high and oxygen depleting ones. Therefore the proposed treatment alternative which lowers nutrients is considered to have positive effect on the Caspian Sea water quality.



Detailed scoring information

Furthermore that Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea which Azerbaijan is party. Part III Article 7 paragraph (f) of The Framework Conventions states that: “in order to reduce organic substances inputs from industrial and municipal sources, the best available environmentally sound technology is to be applied”. As known the designed technology was considering secondary treatment. However the nutrient removal which is considered in the modified design criteria has resulted to the increase in the level of treatment.



The treated wastewater will be discharged into a collector which ends up Caspian Sea through Devechi Lagoon. . Whenever freshwater is required this collectors’ water has been diverted into the Devechi Lagoon. Due to its condition both of the receiving might be declared as sensitive area in future. Therefore the treated waters quality is not expected to contain phosphorus. Thus the sensitive areas effluent standards of UWWTD needs to be achieved.

The treated waste water will not impact negatively to the flora and fauna of collector. As collector is heavily polluted discharge of treated waters may improve slowly its environmental condition. However existence of both nitrogen and phosphorus contribute to eutrophication. In the majority of cases, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient. The variables like total phosphorus, ortho phosphates, total nitrogen, mineral nitrogen (NO3+NH3), Kjeldahl nitrogen are considered to be casual ones for the eutrophication. Change in design criteria leads to decrease the phosphorus amount which is usually considered to be 10 mg/l in moderate raw sewerage to a concentration of 2 mg/l. This would contribute improving the water quality in the collector and hence the Devechi Lagoon and Caspian Sea. 5.4 Data Evaluation The information basis for the EIA was differs according to the specific assessments that have been required. In first turn archive materials have been used to get basic information about physical- geographic conditions of Shabran region, environmental situation, water resources , their use and protections and etc. The project feasibility document provides the main information about existing situation and proposed project activities. Documentary information has been supported by a series of field trips. have been organized. During the trips, based on the existing information provided by the relevant organizations, visual monitoring and opinions of stakeholders additional information about the existing water and sanitation situations, project needs and its positive and negative impacts was gathered about the existing water and sanitation situations, project needs and its positive and negative impacts This is based on the existing information provided by the relevant organizations, visual monitoring and opinions of stakeholders. Results of discussions with the stakeholders are described in the Annex IX During the development of EIA report FS report materials on project activities, its impacts and proposed environment management procedures have been checked with the national and international standards. Main data gaps were connected with the lack of long term water resources and waste water quality and quantity information, water use by different sectors, waste discharges by different economic sectors, and pollution of water resources , ground waters and soil by waste waters etc. In spite of this information used can be considered sufficient for the EIA development.



6. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Project sites are required for the water reservoirs, pipelines , pumping stations and waste water treatment facilities. Project sites for reservoirs are primarily determined as a function of least cost associated with construction, provision of necessary portion of area with required amount of water by gravity. Analysis has been undertaken to identify the least cost location for each element of construction work. In addition, the locations proposed for reservoirs and WWTP are municipally-owned lands. Discussions have been held with local communities to determine specific locations within the community where pipelines for WS and sewage system can most appropriately be located from the community perspective. The location of the facilities has been pre-determined based on an extensive analysis of some alternative locations. Using this information a number of options were identified and the concepts reviewed and discussed with the PIU and the Team. The options were agreed on and will be submitted to detailed technical and financial analysis as the basis for determining the least cost option. At meetings with Rayon staff, gravity systems for water supply were consistently promoted as the preferred method of supply. The reason given was the simplicity of operation and the additional operating costs from pumped sources. Alternatives such as groundwater, bore fields were not seen to be viable and made data collection for non gravity options more difficult. Within the scope of the project polyethylene based corrugated pipes will be laid in wastewater network and a new Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) will be constructed approximately 2 km away from the town center In formation on reservoirs and other infrastructure is described below at water supply and waste water system improvement sections and their locations can be seen from the relevant annexes to this report(Annexes I-V) The following alternatives have been considered during the EIA process: (i) No Project Scenario (ii) Water Supply System improvement only (iii) Water Supply and Waste Water Management System improvement

6.1. No project Scenario No project scenario would see continuation of an inefficient and unreliable, water supply system, which has limited coverage, delivers low pressure supply and has water shortages. With regard to the wastewater system, the situation will be worsened by the discharge of raw wastewater into the soil, groundwater and eventually the river network, due to the lack of a WWTP. The socially and environmentally damaging situation in the rayon will be further exacerbated, the risks of flooding of the streets and houses will be raised. Pollution of soils, air quality (bad odor), damage to the flora and fauna will occur, surface and groundwater will be seriously impacted. This situation is very undesirable, especially with the ongoing high growth rate of the population and development of new business enterprises in the region (Table 6.1).



Table 6.1. Population Figures that will be used in Design Studies(Is taken from FS)

Year

Rounded Shabran Population Values for Design Purposes Water Supplied (Surra

and Sincanboyat Included)

Sewerage Served (Surra Included)

Wastewater Treatment (Surra

Included) 2012 24,800 24,100 24,100 2015 25,600 24,900 24,900 2020 27,000 26,300 26,300 2025 27,900 27,200 27,200 2030 28,600 27,800 27,800

With the population growth rate shown above, water demand, and consequently waste water production will considerably increase over the years. 6.2. Water Supply System Improvement Scenario According to the Feasibility Study, the average daily water consumption is estimated as 52.2 l/s for the design purpose. This estimate includes water use by households, entities, stock feeding, industry etc. The current water losses in the system will be eliminated in the improved water supply system. The following water supply options have been analyzed: Alternative 1 (Preferred Alternative): Upgrading the supply from 2nd Baku Water Transmission Line. Shabran rayon center extends eastwards from the flank of a range of low hills to the lower plains. The highest point is approximately 90 masl, the lowest 0 masl. The Baku II Water Transmission Line passes through the main urban area at about 42 masl. This allows a significant area of the town to be supplied by gravity from Reservoir-1 which is supplied directly from the Baku II Water Transmission Line. The upper levels are supplied from water pumped to reservoirs and delivered to consumers by gravity. There are three water supply zones in Shabran as a result of topographical requirements. These are respectively:

1- Zone-1 (elevations < 20 m)

2- Zone-2 (20 m – 50 m)

3- Zone-3 (50 m – 90 m)

Water requirements of Zone-1 will be supplied from Reservoir-1. Since at this point taking water from Baku II channel is available, there is still an existing pumping station supplying water to the city and there is a proper location for construction of a new reservoir, this place is selected for the location of the new reservoir. There are not any other proper places for the construction of the reservoir.

Similarly, because of the landslide risk at the higher elevations, the area at the North-West of the city near the graveyard deemed to be proper for the other two reservoirs. There no other variants for reservoir location for Reservoir-1 and 2.

As a result of these facts described above, no other variants are developed for water distribution system. Because of this reason, economical comparison for the distribution system variants is not carried out. Since the existing distribution is in a very bad situation, partial rehabilitation of the network cannot be considered as an alternative to this project.



The proposed water distribution system of Shabran is supplied from the reservoirs by only gravity which means that the required pressure in the network will be obtained by difference of elevations without water extraction directly from force mains. Verification of the structural integrity of the Baku II Canal. This canal was completed in the early 1960’s with a design capacity of 2.73 m3/sec capacity. Communication with staff of the rayon and Azersu suggests that no regular maintenance has been undertaken. Measurements of flow rates over time have not been found making it impossible to assess the capacity and determine water losses from the system. The issue of structural problems will affect the operations of canal as a reliable water source. These issues may impact on the operation of the canal as an economic source of water. Alternative 2: Sourcing water from the stilling basin at the head of the Tahtakorpu – Ceyranbatan canal: Shabran rayon centre is located 2 kilometers to the north of the valley of the Tahtakorpu reservoir. The Tahtakorpu – Ceyranbatan canal begins at the stilling basin of the tailwater from the hydropower plant of the Tahtakorpu reservoir. It is possible to supply water by gravity from the basin, via the water treatment plant located about 1.3 km from the basin. Treated water can then be delivered by gravity to Reservoir—1 in the town near Baku II Water Transmission Line to supply water to the Pressure Zone-1. Reservoir-2 is supplied by Pumping Station–3 which is located near the Water Treatment Plant and taking water from a 100 m3 balancing reservoir. There are 3 (2+1) pumps in this pumping station each having 15 kW power. Discharge through one pump is 29 l/s and the pressure rise is 32 m. Pumping Station -2, supplying water to Reservoir -3 from Reservoir -2. Discharge of each pump is 7 l/s with 42 m pressure increase. There are also 3 (2+1) pumps in this pumping station each having is 5.5 kW power. Construction of the Tahtakorpu reservoir and canal system has been ongoing for more than 10 years. A significant reduction in funds due to the 2007 financial crisis further delayed construction. This has pushed the completion date of the project to 2014. If this happens the ability to use water from the Tahtakorpu reservoir will be seriously compromised. A comprehensive costing and assessment of the alternative proposals for each of the water sources was conducted. Due to the vastly improved layout of the redesigned distribution system operating costs of both options are similar. The main criteria influencing the economic choice of options was the relatively high cost of constructing and operating a water treatment plant using water sourced from the Tahtakorpu reservoir. This selection can also be proved from environmental point of view. In case of construction of new pipeline from Tahtakorpu environmental impact will be higher. The quality of used water also will have some social and environmental concern. There won’t be water supply sufficiency concern in relation to use of first alternative. As increased water demand in 2030 per person (61.10l /s ) isn’t significant comp[ared to the water transported by Baku II canal(2650 l/s) . Ground water mostly meets the limiting values of EU Council Directive 98/83/EC without treatment. In some cases only reduction of iron and manganese is necessary, which can be performed by simple treatment units (oxidation and filtration). All these requirements will be followed by the project. For the selected option there also some other requirements. Work to construct the offtake should be carefully designed during the detailed design phase and carefully constructed, paying close attention to the need to avoid damage to the riparian habitat.



Main environmental impact of the construction and operation work envisioned in the project are described in the Chapter 5 and list of potential negative impact is given in the Table 5.1

The widening of the access road through the uplands is relatively straightforward for most of its length, as it is flanked by disturbed ground with sparse vegetation. The work in the wooded habitat and vegetation will create some environmental problems including damage to topsoil; to tree roots; water pollution; erosion and soil; and etc. Full adherence to good site practice should be ensured, as well as storage and handling of fuels and oils to avoid contamination.

There will be temporary disturbance during construction of the reservoir and intake infrastructure, as well as for the areas along the pipeline routes to the reservoirs but this is not expected to be significant (see Chapter 5 for details). Location of the reservoir is given in the Annex IV

If sewage system will not be improved, the situation will continue to worsen from social – economic and environmental point of view. With the anticipated increased water demand by 2030, the amount of waste water will increase accordingly, which will further aggravate the environmental situation. 6. 3. Water Supply and Waste Water system improvement Different options for the improvement of the water supply system have been considered above. Project related environmental impact for the construction and operation phases are described in Chapter 5, and list of potential negative impact is given in the Table 5.1

Two options for improvement of sewage system in Shabran have been analyzed. Option 1: Rehabilitation and use of the existing waste water pipelines and wastewater treatment lagoon. Improving the existing sewerage system by extensions and replacement of sections causing problems has been evaluated. As also mentioned in the existing sewerage system description, 18 km of sewerage system has been constructed since 2006, which is poorly designed. Using whole or some part of the existing system can be evaluated as a variant. Since the existing main trunk is buried to an invert depth of 1,2 m and the secondary lines to an invert depth of 0,8 m, there is no chance to make the correct house connections to the lines. In addition, the pipes of the new water distribution network are designed to be buried to 1 m depth, and shall be vertically minimum 0,5 m higher than the sewer pipe according to the design criteria. For these reasons, the situation of the existing sewerage system leads to high risk of drinking water contamination and low chance for correct house connections. Therefore, this option would not be effective and should be eliminated. Option 2 (Preferred Alternative) : Construction of new sewage system and waste water treatment plant. The elimination of the first variant, makes redesigning the entire wastewater collection system alternative, the only option, technically. The wastewater collection system was first established as a model by the analysis of topographical maps with the support of satellite views. The main sewer pipelines and lines that can bury the main sewer pipeline deeper were solved in the first phase. During the site visit, these main sewer pipeline locations were examined including especially the critical points in the network like railway, highway, water channel, and water transmission line and creek crossings. The wastewater collection system design was developed by use of a model( by the analysis of topographical maps with the support of satellite views). The location of the main sewer pipelines and lines that can bury the main sewer pipeline deeper was determined in the first phase. These main sewer pipeline locations have been determined by taking into account



especially the critical points in the network like railway, highway, water channel and water transmission line crossings. The topographic conditions allow for the sewerage collection by gravity. The new WWTP will be provided with modern equipment which will ensure treatment of the waste waters in accordance with international standards ( EU Directive 91/271/EEC requirements are given in Annex IV). The sensitive area approach will be applied for UWWTD. But according to the requirements of the AZERSU OJSC for all Water Supply, Waste Water Networks and Waste Water Treatment plants in Azerbaijan, will be single stage aeration with the sludge drying process will equipped by Centrifugal Decanters. It should be noted that after treatment waste waters is planned to be discharged to drainage canal(collector) or to be used for irrigation. There was other option for discharging treated waters to Caspian sea after accessing Devechi Lagoon via existing drainage canal which was the preferred alternative An improved situation in the receiving watercourses and adjacent areas currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters is expected. One can generally conclude that the removal of large organic loadings and their associated bacteria will be of significant benefit to at least the receiving water and groundwater and will ultimately contribute to a reduction in polluting loadings within the Caspian Sea catchment, on which several internationally financed projects are focussing their attention. The sludge will be used in agriculture. The sludge generated in the WWTW will be disposed of in accordance with the EU Directive, see Annex VI, VIII for the monitoring standards and requirements. As Shabran is a semi-rural catchment with no heavy industries discharging to the sewer network, the sludge should be suitable for disposal to agricultural lands.. Waste water transportation secondary alternatives The sewerage collected at North West edge of the Shabran presents two technical alternatives in order to transfer the collected wastewater into the treatment plant. The first one is to construct a gravity line with a total length of 4,5 km. The second one which is the preferred alternative is to construct a pumping station and pump the sewage collected in that area to a higher elevation spot in the sewerage network with a pipe line of having length 1,7 km. The wastewater treatment plant option has been evaluated from the point of economy and operability of process alternatives. It seems that if relevant environmental regulations are followed then the proposed option has lesser environmental impact as in this case length of sewer line will be 3 times lesser



7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

This activity is aimed at informing of identified stakeholders and other interested parties of proposed project components, presents stakeholders with the opportunity to voice both their positive opinions and their concerns and to enable these issues to be addressed in the EIA and incorporated into the project design. This includes stakeholder consultation and technical analyses. Stakeholder Consultations Stakeholder issues relevant to the EIA have been identified through a consultative process.. Stakeholder consultations have therefore been integral to the design of the EIA, and the issues identified through these consultations have been an important input into the identification of issues to be addressed by the EIA. All stakeholder consultations have been undertaken in Azeri. Where non-Azeri consultants have participated in consultations, their comments have been translated into Azeri in order to allow all discussions to be undertaken in Azeri. Not all stakeholders have been involved in the consultations associated with project preparation. Accordingly, additional stakeholder consultations have been undertaken during this scoping phase for the specific purpose of identifying and clarifying issues, and particularly issues concerning those:

• Who live near sites that are proposed for new WSS facilities

• Who have specialist technical or scientific knowledge relevant to the proposed WSS system

• Whose work is relevant to the proposed WSS system.

Section 4 presents details of the consultation process. Technical Analysis While the issues identified by stakeholders are key to the overall presentation of issues in this document, they are limited to the extent that the knowledge of stakeholders concerning the new WSS system is limited. Thus, during the consultation process it has been clear that the ability of stakeholders to identify issues has, to a degree, been limited by their knowledge of modern WSS systems. Technical analysis has therefore been undertaken to determine whether there might be issues additional to those identified by stakeholders that should be addressed by the EIA, even though they might not have been identified by stakeholders, or may not have been prioritized by stakeholders. Technical analysis complements the stakeholder consultations. Table 1 identifies the stakeholders with whom consultations have been undertaken. As indicated in the Table, stakeholders fall into two categories:

• Public stakeholders. These stakeholders are members of the public in general on whom the project may be anticipated to have an impact. At the broadest level, these stakeholders include all members of the public that will be served by the project, and who will benefit from it. However, some public stakeholders may be more greatly impacted by the project because they live in proximity to proposed project facilities. These stakeholders may be expected to identify a range of issues that is different to those that would be identified to other public stakeholders.

• Special interest stakeholders. These stakeholders have interests in the project because they have either specialist knowledge relevant to the project or because their work in some way is relevant to, or is impacted by, the project. These stakeholders may identify issues relevant to the EIA as a result of either their work or their knowledge.



In this project, stakeholders are those affected by the proposed WSS facilities, and those who have the ability to influence, positively or negatively, the course and outcome of the project. The range of stakeholders relevant to this document is reflected in Table 1. The list of all stakeholders that have been consulted is provided in Annex A. Table 1 identifies the consultation mechanisms selected to identify issues associated with the various stakeholders, and also identifies the status of the consultations. Technical meetings and interviews with staff from different local government units have been undertaken on an on-going basis. During the meetings, discussions were held on technical and managerial levels and an accurate picture about the current WSS system was developed, together with common understandings of options and issues associated with potential future actions. A clear picture was made about the rating of water management skills and the rate of satisfaction of the public about WSS services. The wishes and concerns of the residents were also raised during the meetings. In most cases and after the meeting a field visit was made to water intake facilities, pipelines locations, pumping stations, reservoirs and sewage facilities and information was obtained about the problems of each site.

Consultation and planning workshops were undertaken during the preparation of this document. As identified in Table 7.1, these included consultation with municipal and village councils, and with government agencies.

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Table 7.1 Stakeholders and Consultation Mechanism

STAKEHOLDERS CONSULTATION MECHANISM STATUS OF CONSULTATION Public Stakeholders Affected People Interviews with affected people Interviews have been

conducted as part of EIA study in communities where new water intake facilities, pipelines, pumping stations, reservoirs and treatment facilities will be located

Wider Community Information to be supplied to the media and the general public to be invited to submit comments.

Meetings have been conducted with the representatives of local radio and newspapers during which they received needed information, which was later spread by them in their news canals, including newspapers and radios

Community Leaders Interviews of directly affected communities; meetings with community leaders

Workshops held; interview conducted in communities where new reservoirs and treatment facilities will be located; meetings held with community leaders

Special Interest Stakeholders Non-Governmental Organizations

Round Table meeting Scoping Workshop

Round Table meeting and Scoping Workshop held

Municipalities and Village Councils

Technical meetings, Consultation and Planning Workshops

Consultation and planning workshops held

Media Media relations strategy required Representatives of media have been involved into EIA process. They participated in discussions, public meeting and spread obtained materials through their publication in local newspaper and also via local radio

Academics and Researchers

Round Table meeting, Scoping Workshop

Meeting and Scoping Workshop held

Government Ministries/Agencies

Consultation and Planning Workshops Round Table Meeting

Consultation and Planning Workshops held; Round Table Meeting held

Private sector Meetings with representatives of relevant sectors/companies

Meetings with representatives of relevant sectors/companies held

International Organizations/Donors

Consultation and Round Table meeting

Consultation and Round Table Meeting held

A round table meeting was held on 07 June, 2010 and hosted by the Executive Power of Shabran region. Representatives of different agencies, Amelioration JSC, Azersu , MoE and NGOs attended and their concerns were also reported. The meeting was solely dedicated for defining the scope of the EIA..

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A Scoping Workshop was conducted on 08 June, 2010 and attended by 28 participants representing different institutions. During that session the findings of previous consultations were presented and additional comments and suggestions were received. Communities adjacent to the Proposed Project area have been identified at the meeting and are listed in Table 7.2 Table 7.2. Communities Adjacent to the Proposed Project Facilities COMMUNITY LOCATION POPULATION Surra village Adjacent to the proposed reservoirs

and Water supply pipes 430

Shabran city Adjacent to a proposed water supply and sanitation system

6040

Surra village Adjacent to a proposed water supply pipes

415

Sinjanbayat village Adjacent to a proposed water supply pipes

400

Garabagh IDPs area

Adjacent to a proposed water supply pipes

280

All interviews were conducted on 16th of June 2010 in Shabran city and the nearby communities (Surra, Sinjanbayat, Garabagh IDPs camp area etc. ) adjacent to the proposed facilities. During the selection of the population sample for interview purposes, consideration was given to the economic situation of the family, and to the distance to the facilities to be constructed. The objectives of the surveys were to:

• Share information about the project and the proposed construction work.

• Identify important interests and concerns at the local level.

• Identify potentially affected individuals, groups and publics.

• Identify community concerns about the construction work.

• Understand the values about the environment held by individuals/groups that might be affected by the project.

Meetings with municipality members in these communities were also carried out, as possible, to understand concerns and issues that they may have.

a. PRINCIPAL ISSUES

The principal concerns raised during the consultation process were:

• Potential for odor, insects, dust and noise impacts from site activities;

• Compensation measures to be taken by the Authorities for temporary loss of land in productive use;

• Reduction in local property values;

• Impacts on ground and surface water;

• Limitations for expansion of villages in the future; and

• Aesthetic distortion (e.g. visual impacts).

These issues were highlighted by most of the people interviewed. Other issues that were highlighted during the consultations include:

• Training and public awareness;

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• Financial sustainability;

• Detection and control of hazardous waste waters;

• Waste water collection, treatment, utilization or discharge to the sea;

• Health and safety;

• Social and economic impacts; and

• Compensation of directly affected communities through the project itself by incentives.

As indicated above, the project team has considered the issues that have been raised during the consultations and has assessed the identified issues in the context of the overall scope of the proposed project. The purpose of this assessment has been to determine whether there are additional issues that should be considered by the EIA even though they may not have been specifically identified by stakeholders during the consultations. As a result of this assessment, it has been concluded that in addition to the potential impacts identified through the consultations, the EIA study should also address review of the potential positive and negative impacts associated with the proposed project on:

• Land use;

• Cultural heritage;

• Traffic

• Public health;

• Local employment; and

• General issues associated with sitting of treatment plant

The stakeholders support the proposed WSS project. The issues raised by the stakeholders are reasonable concerns that should be addressed by the EIA study, and the recommendations of the EIA study should be integrated into the design of project implementation. However, as identified above, stakeholder knowledge of potential positive and negative impacts associated with the project is incomplete and issues additional to those identified by the stakeholders should be considered by the EIA. Stakeholder Meeting in Shabran Rayon The public meeting in Shabran took place on June 08 2010 and was chaired by the head of coordination commission created jointly with representatives of relevant agencies and organizations of the rayon and also Project Implementing Unit (PIU) crated by the Amelioration JSC for the NWSS project and chaired by the Deputy Head of Shabran.

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Figure 1. Mr. Israfil Ibadov(in the middle) gives the floor to Mr. Panah Abdullayev(In the Left) to present the project The agenda of the meeting included brief welcoming speech by the Head of the Commission (Mr. Israfil Ibadov) and Representative of PCU (Mr. Panah Abdullayev). They informed attendance about the aim and importance of realization of the project. Then Rafig Verdiyev, representative of Eptisa and Prof. Farda Imanov, Representative of Hydrometeorology Consulting Company, informed participants about the aim of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment process, and issues to be included into its scope during the project implementation. Participants then requested to participate actively in discussions and identify their suggestions to be included into list of issues of environmental and social concern and to be taken into consideration in the development of Environment Management Plans to minimize negative project impacts.

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Figure 2. Group of stakeholders discussing EIA priorities First the floor was taken by Mr. Israfil Mikayilov, who said that recently gas line construction work had been carried in the major streets of the region. He stated that although the project had ended, asphalt had not been replaced / restored and as result many inconveniences had been created, including dust, barrier for movement of transport and others. In this regard, he expressed hope that the work on installation of water pipelines will be carried out fully and all issues will be given due consideration. Mr Mikayiilov was informed by the project team that the Environment Management Plan fully will address relevant issues to make negative impact minimum. Existing international and national norms will be followed in this regards. Then Mr. Tofig Khalilov informed that how the construction process will avoid damaging of communication lines. Mr. Israfil Mikayilov informed him that there is agreed scheme to route water supply pipelines where all issues related to crossing of communication lines are taken into consideration. Mr Atabala Javadov said that as local specialists know local situation better than others there is need to use their potential during the construction process. It was agreed to take this comment into consideration.

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Figure 3. Women discussing issues with Mr Panah Abdullayev, PIU Environmental Specialist The second question was if water will be enough for all. It was noted that as the project considers different development options and increases in population there wouldn’t be any water scarcity problem. The third issue was about the concern of Mr. Javadov on the absence of centralized irrigation water supply system and facilities, which is results in use of drinking water for irrigation purposes. This concern was accepted to deliver to decision makers for further consideration. Mr Suleyman Almammadov asked when project will start. In response he was informed that in the end of the year the tender process on construction work will be initiated. Mr Samir Gulaliyev asked if the already-started sewage system will be used as part of the new project. He was informed that it will be checked and decisions will be made on that basis In response to question of Mr. Javadov about the type of pipelines to be used it was noted that there will be plastic pipeline. Participants also expressed their wish to install water meters to carry proper calculation of amount of water used by households. By common opinion use of water meters will prevent need for an increase in water use tariffs. Areas of Shabran city and nearby communities (Surra, Sinjanbayat, Garabagh IDPs camp area etc. ) adjacent to the proposed facilities have been identified to be affected by project. Representatives of the population of these communities have been interviewed. The communities to be directly affected by the project activities are listed in Table 7. 3. Table 7-3 Communities Adjacent to the Proposed WSS Facilities

Community Location Population Surra village Adjacent to the proposed reservoirs

and Water supply pipes 430

Shabran city Adjacent to a proposed water supply and sanitation system

21400

Surra village Adjacent to a proposed water supply pipes

415

Sinjanbayat village Adjacent to a proposed water supply pipes

400

Garabagh IDPs area

Adjacent to a proposed water supply pipes

280

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The list of participants of public consultation meeting on Shabran rayon WSS project, held on June 08 2010 is given in ANNEX IX. Information on public discussion of the draft EIA report for Shabran was held on October 22 2010(See Annex X )

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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN From the above description of environmental impacts the list of key aspects associated with the Project activities is identified and described in Table 8-1 below.

Table 8-1 Environmental Aspects

Project Component Environmental Aspects Construction Temporary removal of habitat for sewer pipeline construction

Renovation and construction of existing steel water delivery mains Potential polluted run-off and spillage of untreated wastewater during sewer renovation Pedestrian, vehicle and community safety Procurement and delivery of construction materials Use, maintenance and repair of equipment and machinery Air and noise pollution from preparation of construction Materials such as bitumen, asphalt and concrete. Extraction/purchase of sands and gravels for earthworks Construction yard for equipment and machinery Waste and hazardous materials management Construction of new reservoirs for water supply Service disruption (electricity, telecoms, water) Disruption to irrigation and drainage infrastructure Soil management issues during pipe laying Construction of new WWTP works on a new site

Operation Operation of the water and wastewater networks Sludge disposal Community safety Induced development Air and noise quality Use of maintenance machinery and equipment Storm water management Wastewater discharge

Accidental (Non-Routine) Events

Spills and leaks Inappropriate waste or sludge disposal Sewer flushing due to blockage

These aspects and proposed mitigation measures are discussed below. GEOLOGY AND SOILS Construction phase Hazardous material Spills of fuel, oil and other liquids have the potential to cause contamination of soil and groundwater. The Contractor shall implement measures to contain such spills and avoid contamination as much as possible. However, it is possible that some contamination may occur and the Contractor will be required to implement remediation measures in accordance with project and national requirements. Soil erosion The area is susceptible to surface erosion, especially after heavy rain, therefore efforts will be made to reduce the potential for soil erosion during construction activities. Temporary berms will be constructed where necessary to control any run-off to prevents rills or gulleys forming or soil wash out to surface water features. Correct ground works and compaction will be specified in the contract documentation to prevent soil erosion.

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Waste management Inert, solid waste (metals, asphalt chunks, rocks, concrete, gravel, sand and etc.) will be generated during drilling well and pipeline installation operations. The replacement and installation of water distribution pipes in the town will include removal of asphalt surface and importation of suitable padding and backfill (eg sand) as well as backfilling using suitable excavated material. Repair of paved roads and walkways and asphalt surfaces will also be required. Solid wastes generated in construction sites and during the construction of pipelines and sewer drains will be transported by the construction contractor. Transportation and disposal of such waste will be agreed with the local executive authority and regional department of MENR, as necessary. The construction works will generate hazardous waste, such as used oils, solvents and other construction waste, which will be required to be disposed of. However, there is no licensed hazardous waste disposal facility in the region (and in fact this is a problem nationally) and therefore it will be necessary to arrange an appropriate containment or disposal place in agreement with MENR and the regional officials. The EMP allows for the cost of this item and it can be managed by the municipality, as per the agreement with Amelioration JSC. Parts of the existing water supply and sanitation network may have been constructed using asbestos containing material (ACM), which will require careful handling during its removal. Measures compliant to good health and safety practice will need to be employed, including appropriate PPE for workers, dampening down of any material that may be abraded or otherwise generate potentially inhalable dust particles and appropriate containment prior to its storage at an approved/agreed secure facility. A construction yard needs to be created, for laydown of plant and material, maintenance of machinery and prefabrication of infrastructure components. All construction sites will be managed as follows: • Boundaries of construction sites will be marked beforehand and signs will be erected

warning people not to enter or dump garbage; • Metal wastes will be collected and taken to metal processing companies; • Construction debris (sand, soil, rocks) will be re-used as an additional material for filling

deep trenches when needed and where suitable. If not needed, they will be taken to city dumping-grounds, as agreed with local environmental/planning authorities;

• Removed asphalt debris will be taken to bitumen factories for recycling, egg at the asphalt plant

• Speed limits will be set for all trucks operating within the town; this will be important for those transporting waste.

Operational phase

No adverse effects are anticipated as a result of normal operations, as the wastewater will be treated to EU standards prior to its discharge, which is a distinct improvement from the current situation, which sees no functioning wastewater treatment. Discussions are ongoing regarding the treatment of the final effluent, as under the Soviet system, chlorination of effluent (for disinfection) was the norm. However, disinfection is not the norm in Europe and in fact the addition of chlorine is a biological hazard to the aquatic ecosystems to which the effluent will be discharged. It would be preferable to use ultraviolet (UV) radiation or rely on natural exposure to UV to reduce bacteria loadings in the final effluent. The recommendation to use UV has been made strongly in this EIA and also in discussions with Amelioration JSC, who are very supportive of this approach and the intention is to implement this. AIR QUALITY Construction phase It will be the responsibility of the construction management to schedule construction activities and to apply best practices for dust control, to minimize occurrences of excessive dust concentrations in sensitive neighboring areas and at the worksite. It will be the responsibility of the construction management to apply best practices for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, wherever feasible. Aspects such as a reduction of idle driving, selection of new equipment where possible and maintenance of all machinery and engines should be encouraged.

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Operational phase Adverse air quality effects are not predicted during operation, due to the nature of the project. All machinery will either be new and/or will be maintained according to the manufacturer’s service programme. Furthermore, significant noxious odours are only typically generated from a WWTP in the vicinity of pumping operations, where an aerosol effect is produced or when sewage has gone septic due to operational problems. All the main potential locations where noxious odour could be generated will be housed and ventilated. In addition, there are no sensitive receptors nearby to the operating facility, which is located at the edge of town well away from residential areas. NOISE Construction phase The nature and extent of the works, particularly those involving replacement of the water distribution system will result in noise and disturbance to local residents. Amelioraion JSC will ensure that the contractor minimizes disruption and noise, by inter alia, liaising with residents. It must also be noted that the residents are supportive of the project, as it will result in provision of a reliable, constant water supply and will therefore generally be tolerant of disruption to some extent. According to the Azerbaijan standards allowable noise level should be 65 dBA in daytime; and 45 dBA at night-time, which is close to the international standards. Mitigation There are three ways to reduce noise emissions: mitigation at the source, mitigation along the path and mitigation at the receptor. The following examples of construction noise mitigation methods could be considered during planning of the works and are expected to be a source of guidance to the contractors. In many cases, the magnitude of the dB reduction can first be ascertained when construction work has begun and measurements can be made. Source controls In general, source controls are the most effective method of mitigating noise. The impact of a noise source is reduced before it emits offensive noise levels. Operational phase Negligible operational noise is anticipated, as the pumping stations will be housed within buildings and the new WWTP is situated far away from residential housing in a fenced compound and is designed to emit limited noise. ECOLOGY AND PROTECTED AREAS Construction phase The main potential effects on ecology are associated with water intake; the associated access road upgrade; construction of the new pipeline route water supply to the town; construction of the new reservoirs themselves; and construction of the interceptor and new WWTP The offtake and reservoir construction work will have to be carefully designed during the detailed design phase to avoid damage to the riparian habitat. The widening of the access road may affect habitats associated, however nothing particularly rare or unusual is anticipated due to the disturbed nature of the general location, which was until recent years well populated and farmed by some crops. The work will need to be undertaken carefully, with good planning (in the detailed design stage) to conserve topsoil; reduce encroachment and damage to features such as tree roots; avoid water pollution; avoid erosion and soil or material run-off; and ensure good reinstatement. Full adherence to good site practice should be ensured, as well as storage and handling of fuels and oils to avoid contamination. Protected areas There are no protected areas potentially affected by the project, although to the south- west of Shabran rayon Altiagac State reserve exists (see Figure 8.1).

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Figure 8.1. Protected area map

Operational phase The receiving watercourses and groundwaters currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters will be expected to improve considerably and can be expected to see improvements as nutrient and bacteria levels significantly reduce. SURFACE AND GROUND WATER Construction phase Many of the risks to surface and groundwater are similar to those already covered under the soils section above and are therefore not repeated here. Due to the nature of the works there is the potential for spillage of wastewater to ground or watercourse, which is generally poorly treated or untreated and could also lead to the spread of disease to workers or local residents. In addition, the wastewater from existing pipelines and sumps will require to be purged. Likely options are to either empty the wastewater into temporary excavated pits and then remove the material by suction into septic tanks on sewer trucks or continue to use soakaways until connections to the sewer area made. Mitigation Fuel and oil storage

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Fuel and oil storage tanks will not be located within 50m of any watercourse, well or dry river bed. Certain plant and equipment may be required to be maintained in a position closer than 50m from the water course (and are not able to be relocated just for refuelling) and therefore special measures will be implemented to avoid spillage of fuels and oils, such as deployment of spill-retaining materials, mobile drip trays and the like ad specific training given to operators in this regard. Areas for road tanker parking and delivery shall be hard surfaced (concrete) and drained to an interceptor. Discharge of rainwater and waste from these areas will be via a treatment system designed to meet the water discharge standards. At each site where diesel is delivered and stored, spillage equipment shall be installed to contain any spillage during loading. Specific drainage requirements, which include oil interceptors, will be put in place at facilities where diesel is stored and used. All fuel storage areas will be securely fenced and locked to prevent unauthorized access. Only Refuelling Operators will be allowed to dispense fuel as set out below. All fuel storage areas will be equipped with an adequate supply of spill containment materials. Exceptions to the above are to be made for smaller fuel equipment. Generators will be self-bunded and will have an integral fuel tank. Refuelling will be undertaken as per the procedures below. Refuelling will be carried out by the nominated Refuelling Operators who will be specifically trained in the relevant procedures. Upon arriving at the refuelling areas, the Refuelling Operators will dispense the required fuel. Drip Trays The use of integral drip trays for generators, tanks and other fixed plant will be will be encouraged throughout the project. Individual drip trays will be necessary for temporary secondary containment of materials. Storage and Use of Chemicals All chemicals will be stored in designated, locked storage areas, taking care to ensure segregation of potentially reactive substance (e.g. flammables should not be stored with toxic substances). These areas will have an enclosed drainage system/bund to avoid contamination. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) will be provided for all substances and used in project health and safety assessments. Efforts will be made to avoid and minimise the use of hazardous chemicals during construction where possible. Operational phase The average flow rate in Baku 1 and Baku 2 canals is 4000l/s. With water intake to be 64.6 l/s, no adverse impact is envisaged on the operation of the canals, other users and the original water source (Shollar springs). An improved situation in the receiving watercourses and adjacent wetlands currently adversely affected by polluting untreated wastewaters is expected. Groundwater impacts The water resources in the project area include groundwater, which can be expected to benefit from the reduction in discharge of untreated wastewater. SOCIAL – CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Construction phase The main effects on the local community during construction are associated with the considerable disruption that the works will have within the town through excavation of defunct infrastructure and installation of new water mains and sewer pipes in the roads and connection of water supply pipes and water meters to individual properties. The proximity of the works to residents also raises the issue of health and safety, as well as traffic disruption and interference with access to houses, work places and public buildings such as hospitals and schools. There may be land acquisition issues associated with construction of the service reservoirs and the connecting pipelines, as the infrastructure may cross parcels of privately owned land. Potential land issues may arise due to permanent restrictions on land use above any buried pipeline or due to temporary occupation of land during construction. These aspects will all be considered during the detailed design and the contractor will be made fully aware of the RPF and RAP policies. The RAP will be developed by Amelioration JSC once the details of the resettlement aspects are known.

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Mitigation Safety at the work site, both for workers and residents has been discussed at length with Amelioration JSC, who will ensure that contractors develop and implement safe working practices. The construction contractor will train its personnel on safety, environment and quality control, as well as implementation of all the safety rules. Works will be guided by existing laws, sanitary rules and Amelioration JSC work manuals. The following measures will be taken to protect the health of personnel working in polluted areas: • Health and safety training will be conducted as part of project induction for all workers; • All personnel will be supplied with special coveralls and the minimum PPE; • Personnel working in excavation of polluted soils and collection, loading, transportation

and disposal of sewage waters will be supplied with protective safety glasses, gloves, long rubber boots and dust masks;

• Mobile shower cabins will be set up for personnel; • Personnel will pass regular medical check-ups. • Use of asbestos and other dangerous substances is not planned. As referenced earlier, impacts on people and their economic activity, public transport and agricultural activities during construction phase are possible. Construction sites will be divided into sections, works will be planned according to a schedule prepared beforehand and people and organizations will be notified ahead of time. Borders of construction sites will be marked, safety boards will be placed, signs regulating movement of pedestrians and traffic will be erected. Furthermore, discussions have been held with Amelioration JSC regarding the need to keep residents informed of planned activities, but also to be receptive to their requirements. Thus contractors will be required to develop a traffic management plan in consultation with Amelioration JSC and the municipality and to discuss this at a public meeting prior to start of the works. This should ensure that disruption of residents is minimized and works are co-ordinated to limit impeded access. Work with asbestos The International Labor Organization (ILO) established an Asbestos Convention (C162) in 1986 to promote national laws and regulations for the “prevention and control of, and protection of workers against, health hazards due to occupational exposure to asbestos. The convention outlines aspects of best practice: Scope and Definitions, General Principles, Protective and Preventive Measures, Surveillance of the Working Environment, and Workers’ Health. Some of the ILO asbestos convention requirements: • Work clothing to be provided by employers; • Double changing rooms and wash facilities to prevent dust from going home on street clothes; • Training of workers about the health hazards to themselves and their families; • Periodic medical examinations of workers, • Periodic air monitoring of the work environment, with records retained for 30 years; • Development of a work plan prior to demolition work, to protect workers and provide for proper waste

disposal; and • Protection from “retaliatory and disciplinary measures” of workers who remove themselves from work

that they are justified in believing presents a serious danger to health. 8.1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures

This section of the report further elaborates on the mitigation measures to address the potential negatiove environmental impacts. The impacts, proposed measures and institutional responsibilities are summarized and tabulated in the environmental management plan (EMP) in Table8.2. It outlines the management mechanisms (i.e. working arrangements) for how the environmental and social elements of the project will be managed from detailed design and construction through operation.

The EMP contains environmental requirements which are required for the successful implementation of mitigation measures, environmental monitoring, emergency measures and environmental auditing to be carried out during the construction works on the site. The implementation of mitigation measures and emergency measures shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. The Contractor will ensure compliance with all environmental legislation, regulations and conventions. The responsibility for environmental monitoring lies with the Amelioration JSC and the World Bank.

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Table 8.4 Potential Main Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Stage Environment

or Social Component

Potential Impacts Impact Mitigation Measures Estimated Cost Of Impact Mitigation

Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Construction

Air quality

Dust, gases/aerosol associated with construction (toxic gasses discharged by construction machineries, windblown construction materials etc.)

Dust prevention by watering and other means; Transportation of grainy or dusty materials in the top-coated trucks; Watering of dust sources; Transportation of dust producing materials during calm days (not in the windy days); Avoid making open fires; Avoid setting fire on residue grease, isolation materials, and other substances; Efficient use of machinery and other technologies; Application of adequate construction methodologies and facilities; Careful implementation of works in vulnerable areas.

Provision of water: $10,000 No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Earth

Waste pollution, especially wastes caused by construction and domestic activities; Material storage, civil works and other impacts; Landfill of wastes and other materials; Impacts of excavation works; Possibility of erosion;

Protection of the surroundings of the construction site; Limited works in the vulnerable zones; Identify adequate areas to store residue materials, and transportation of all construction related effluent materials into the predetermined site; Control of erosion process; Provide earth stabilization/green cover over vertical points and slopes to minimize land slide risks; Prevent discharge of excavated material to the river beds or lakes;

Provision of materials and cover to prevent landslide risks: $10,000 Traffic management signage: $5,000 No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Wastewater.

Avoid unwanted traffic blockage, collect excavated spoil material and discharge somewhere close to the construction site; Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks.

Topsoil

Damage to the topsoil resulting from material storage, excavation works, temporary roads etc. Loss of topsoil during excavation; Flushing of topsoil and soil erosion due to polluted water streams;

Adequate design works and selection of proper route to minimize impact on the topsoil; Usage of excavated soil material for the agriculture purposes; Cut, store and restore topsoil where possible after the completion of the construction works; Discharge of materials to the predetermined areas by secondary routs; Measures against land slides Storage of toxic materials and effluents in the safe and predetermined areas, its provision with drainage waters, and processing where necessary; Standards applied, including soil erosion prevention by good soil practice and drainage control. Good soil conservation measures and effective reins to prevent future erosion and soil loss.

Proper storage of toxic materials/effluents: $12,500 Measures against landslides addressed above No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Water resources and waste waters

Pollution of surface and groundwater sources due to domestic and construction effluents, including harmful residues, leakage of fuel and other oil related products; Blockage of surface and groundwater filtration and creation of stagnant water accumulations. Water scarcity problems in low flow periods of the year cre in low flow periods of the year connected with project and increase of water supply problem for other users which use the same sources

Avoid discharge of harmful chemical substances into sewage lines or ground surface; Design and operation of natural drainage and consideration for alternative directions; Discharge wastewater flows to the closest sewage line, installation of toilets and septic tanks. Required standards applied, including safe removal of wastewater during renovation works, use of appropriate equipment by workers and ongoing liaison with residents and fencing off contaminated areas.


Contractor


Construction Noise

Disturbance due to noise generated from construction works and intensive traffic

Use of adequate construction materials and equipment; Adherence to predetermined work schedule to minimize disturbance and implementation of noise generating works during normal work hours; Minimum use of noise generating equipment (example, stone cutters, compressors);


Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Minimize traffic during dark hours, and use of silencers.

Natural habitat

Disturbance of the natural habitat due to construction related noise, dust, non-seasonal works, unprocessed residues and etc. Loss of natural settlement areas due to construction works.

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes; Application of relevant construction and seasonal work methodologies; Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site.


Contractor


Flora and fauna

Earthworks, operation of machines, noise and etc.; Losses or degradations during and after construction works, non-seasonal works, change of ecological situation etc.

Adequate storage, processing or liquidation of wastes; Protection of vulnerable areas located close to the construction site; Application of seasonal work methodologies where necessary.

Storage, processing, liquidation of wastes addressed above No cost for other measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


Construction

Aesthetics and landscape

Impact of works on landscape and disturbance to natural sights, greenness and trees; Noise, dust, residue and etc. during and after construction.

Careful design and location of works; Restoration of damaged trees, protection lines and etc.; Planting of greenery in the construction site, careful implementation of works in the work sites, and management of wastes.

Restoration/planting of greenery: $50,000 No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures.

Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Agriculture

Damage to agricultural lands, including drainage and irrigation infrastructure.

Liaise effectively with relevant organizations and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas


Contractor


Livestock

Livestock resources damaged by machinery and vehicles.

Liaise effectively with farmers and residents before start of construction, maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas


Contractor


Health and safety of residents and workers

Health risks from unprocessed wastes; Use of harmful substances (paints with heavy metal, lead compositions), asbestos- cement slabs, inflammable and toxic materials etc.).

Planning of measures dealing with security and environmental protection issues; Adherence to project standards, good signage, ongoing consultation with residents, including schools. All workers to use appropriate PPE and be trained at project induction. Safety fencing provided. Organization and implementation of security and safety related trainings; Management of materials in accordance with the relevant ecological and sanitary-hygiene norms; Identification of dangerous sites, proper storage/liquidation of waste materials.

Trainings: $25,000 No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures. Construction of warehouse for temporal storage of hazardous wastes: $50,000

Contractor


Areas of historical and cultural value

Damage to areas of historical and cultural value located in the project area

There are no areas of historic/cultural value to be affected by project. But if it appears relevant measures need to be taken Staff awareness; Inform adequate organizations in case of archeological findings; Temporary termination of works.


Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Resettlement Land

acquisition

Loss of property, land and damage to living areas of population

There no need for resettlement. For areas where lands used for agricultural crop production relevant plans need to be prepared, which includes provision of replacement lands or compensation for lost access to plots of arable land and lost fruit or nut trees.

Costs for resettlement (if any) to be negotiated by project owner in accordance with relevant legislation, contractual agreement or other documents.

Contractor


Operations

(potable water

systems)

Risks to human health and environment

Quality of treated water

Operation supervision of treatment facilities in due accordance with the operation guidelines; Quality control of water flows entering the system; Avoid pollution of treated waters with the wastewater flows; Avoid over-chlorination of water flows supplied to the consumers.


Contractor


Breakages and emergency situations

There is need to develop scheduled preventative maintenance Training of staff on safety and human security issues; Measures to avoid leakage of chlorine gas.

Training cost identified below No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Social-economical

Reduction of treated water quantities

Prevent illegal connections to the system; Proper operation of the system including water treatment, pipelines, connection lines and etc. Ensure an affordable tariff structure and proper collection of fees.

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedure

Contractor


Operations

Risks to human health

Quality of wastewater and its impacts on human health and environment

Constant monitoring of wastewater flows coming out of the wastewater treatment plant;

Monitoring of downstream environmental quality: $12,500 one time every 2 years for 20 years

Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

(sewage and

wastewater)

and environmental impacts

Additional nitrogen and phosphorous removal proses will: Contribute in keeping and improving existing water quality, Increase in dissolved oxygen (DO) level which will contribute in to the aquatic life. Eutrophication which usually manifests itself as an increase in phyto-plankton concentrations to nuisance levels will be avoided by decreased nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Provide the income level of tourism, fishing. The execution of new design criteria for removal of nutrients will have additional benefits for the quality of water resources. The aquatic environment will be affected in positive manner due to

Discharge of wastewater into the environment only after adequate treatment; Training of operation staff for their qualification raising; Monitoring of downstream habitats to evaluate the extent to which they return to their previously unpolluted state.

No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

increase in water quality by means of removal of nutrients in wastewater. Instead of chlorination implementation UV disinfection will have positive effects on natural environment. Hence There will be no effects on fishes and algal organisms. Quality of sediments in the treatment structures (sludge), risks due to agricultural consumption of these wastes. Decrease in use of area for sludge drying will lessen demand to the land use. The envisaged process type of sludge production has increased the possibility of use of sludge in agricultural areas.

Adequate processing of sludge; Monitoring of nematodes, coliforms and heavy metals in the composition of output sludge; Transportation of sludge in the closed containers; Training of operation staff for their qualification raising. Training In application of sludge, and monitoring of sludge application

Monitoring of sludge quality: $10,000/year Transportation of sludge $10,000/year Training cost identified below

Contractor


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Stage Environment

or Social Component


Measures

Responsibility

Monitoring

Smell generations in the wastewater treatment structure;

Planning and management of smell mitigation; Tight shutting of smell producing equipment and containers.

Odour masking agents: $US 5,000/year No cost for remaining measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Operations

(potable water, sewage

and wastewate

r)

Safe storage of hazardous

and non-hazardous

wastes

Risks to human health Use of authorized sites for non-hazardous waste disposal; support and arrangements for setting facilities for hazardous waste safe storage

Training: $25,000 in first year; $5,000/year in each following year No cost for identified measures provided they are integrated into normal operating procedures

Contractor


Human health

Risks to health of residents and workers and to the environment

Training of staff on safety and human security issues; Training of staff on sanitary and hygiene rules to prevent infections from wastewater discharges and sludge residues; Provide staff with adequate protection uniforms and facilities; Measures to prevent emergency situations such as leakage of chlorine gas. Monitoring of drinking water and wastewater quality

Contractor


Note: All mitigation measures identified in this Table should be specified in all bidding documents (Bill of Quantities) and contracts for construction and operation of the project, and should also be including in all manuals or operating procedures that are developed.

In total around 200000 USD need to be allocated to implement main mitigation measures.

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The Contractor will be contractually required to conform to the requirements specified in the EIA and EMP and will be accountable to Amelioration JSC, as the client, through its Project Implementation Unit (PIU). It is recommended (as agreed with Amelioration JSC) that the PIU is supported in achieving project environmental and social safeguard objectives by support from an environmental consultant included into the staff of construction Supervisory Body. The precise details have not yet been determined, but the consultant will advise and support the PIU in implementation of the EIA standards during construction and into operation. Furthermore, local Bank staff will work with the consultant and the PIU during development of the environmental plans. There are several mechanisms of ensuring delivery during construction of both general and site specific mitigation developed in EIAs. One mechanism favored for the project involves requiring the Contractor to further develop the outline requirements in an EMP by designing individual Management Plans, such as oil and fuel storage, waste management, traffic management and pollution prevention. This approach for each individual scheme will benefit from oversight by the PIU to form a set of environmental requirements applicable to the project as a whole, which will ensure compliance of the work to both national and Bank standards. Such measures will be mandated in the bidding and contract documents, so that an overall good standard of work is achieved. This approach also has benefits of institutional capacity training, as the knowledge and capability of Amelioration JSC will be extended to effective environmental management and as each scheme comes on stream the PIU will benefit from knowledge gained on previous schemes. Main elements of the Specific Management Plans are given in able 8.3 Table 8.3 List of Specific Management Plans

Specific Management Plan

Outline of Content

Waste Management

Measures to reduce, handle, separate, store and dispose waste from operations and work sites. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting. Instructions for the storage and handling of various types of hazardous materials.

Waste Water Management

Measures to control, collect, treat or reuse wastewater from various sources to avoid pollution.

Air Quality Control

Measures to reduce and control air emission from various sources. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Dust Control Measures to reduce and control dust emissions from roads, work sites and construction activities. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Noise and Vibration Control

Measures to reduce and control noise and vibrations generated by plant at all work sites and from transport activities. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Traffic Management

Procedures for minimising disruption to traffic and access, especially for public buildings such as hospitals and schools.

Emergency Response

Procedures for response to a range of incidents and emergencies. Requirements for monitoring, recording, inspection and reporting.

Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Measures to reduce adverse impacts on cultural heritage during construction. If any late finds are made measures must be taken to ensure ‘conservation’ in accordance with legislation.

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Specific Management Plan

Outline of Content

Oil and fuel storage and refuelling

Specification for storage of all oils and fuels (secondary containment etc.) and procedures for refuelling vehicles, plant and equipment so as to ensure environmental protection.

Site Inspection Procedures for site inspection and reporting including notification of non-compliance

Handling of Complaints and Grievances

Procedures for handling of complaints including response to complainer and reporting.

Environmental Training

- Project Induction - Toolbox talks Training requirements and procedures including target groups, contents of training sessions and verification.

Storage and use of hazardous products & substances

Registration, logging of material safety data sheets and risk assessment of materials and chemicals being used in the project. Documentation requirements.

Reinstatement Plan

Plan for topsoil management and removal of all equipment and materials from temporary work sites and reinstatement of areas to a standard at least as good as the pre-construction condition.

8.2. Monitoring Conducting monitoring is the major strategic tool in environmental management and the extent of project monitoring will be dependent on the nature, scale and potential impact of the project activities. Monitoring may require the services of environmental specialists or a company with laboratory and analytical facilities (for complex environmental problems) or inspection by the local government environmental officers. Main elements of the environmental monitoring plan are the following: In construction phase:

• Dust monitoring; • Noise monitoring; • Solid wastes monitoring; • Waste waters monitoring; • Soil monitoring.

In utilization phase:

• Monitoring of water volume in water sources and water storages; • Monitoring of microbiological and chemical composition of water distributed to people,

comparison to water standards; • Monitoring of pollution level of sewage; • Monitoring of waste waters after purification; • Monitoring of depositions settled in water cleaning plants; • Monitoring of cleaned sewage in the place where it joins to sewage collector; • Monitoring of soil where depositions generated in water cleaning plants will be used as fertilizers.

Monitoring of all activities during the construction period will be under the responsibility of the Contractor, whose environmental performance will be controlled by the Amelioration JSC (PIU and Environmental Specialist) and supervision consultant appointed by PIU. The Contractor will prepare

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Specific Management Plans (see Table 8.3 above)_ addressing all aspects of the EMP, and will establish a team for the monitoring activities(Table 8.3). The Contractor will be responsible for the compliance of the constructions with the national norms and standards. Monitoring of construction activities will have to ensure that mitigation measures of construction impacts are being implemented properly. The Contractor’s Environmental Team will be subject to the government inspections(MENR, MoH) from time to time. An individual auditing company may also inspect the Contractor on a long-term basis, such as every 3 months or 6 months. Regular reports on implementation of monitoring plan will be submitted to Contractor . The Environmental Monitoring Plan (see Table 8.4 below) has been prepared based on an initial monitoring plan developed as part of the Feasibility Study.

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Table 8.4. Environmental Monitoring Plan

Item Element Location Type of monitoring Frequency of monitoring Purpose of monitoring Cost

Construction repair works

Dust In the

construction sites

Visual monitoring

During periodic site visits to be carried on

daily basis by contractor and by

monitor appointed in the contract

To ensure adherence to environmental protection requirements

2500 USD

Project site and surrounding area Each month Relevance to standards and rules

2500 USD

Wastewater flows generated in the

construction sites

In the construction

sites

Visual monitoring

During monthly site visits


2500 USD

Collection of solid wastes

In the construction

sites Visual monitoring During periodic site

visits


2500 USD

Utilization of solid wastes

Abandoned areas Visual monitoring During periodic site

visits


2500 USD

Use of dangerous materials h (paints

with heavy metals, lead

compositions, asbestos-cement

slabs, pipes, inflammable and toxic substances

etc.)

In the construction

sites with right documentation

Visual monitoring and study of documentation Each month


2500 USD

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Protective measures in the construction site

In the construction

sites with right documentation

Visual monitoring Each month To ensure adherence to environmental protection and safety requirements

2500 USD

Protection of nature

In the construction

sites Visual monitoring Each month


2500 USD

Earth restoration after excavation

works

In the construction

sites Visual monitoring At completion of

construction works


2500 USD

Noise & vibrations

resulting from equipment work

Project area/close to settlements

Portative noise metering device During periodic site visits, on daily basis


2500 USD

Traffic operation /movement

In the construction

sites

visual monitoring of machinery and b) trucks carrying construction

materials

During periodic site visits


2500 USD

Reduced access In the

construction sites

visual monitoring During periodic site visits on daily basis

To ensure adherence to requirements

1000 USD

Vehicle and pedestrian safety when there is no

construction activity

In the construction

sites visual monitoring by supervisor On daily basis during

nonworking hours To ensure adherence to requirements

2500 USD

Operation

Utilization of solid wastes

Abandoned areas Visual Periodic visits


1000 USD

Quality of treated potable water

Inlet to treatment structure

Measuring (pH, turbidity, suspended solids, bacteria)

In accordance with the schedule

Relevance to standards and norms

6000 USD Each year

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Adequacy of treated potable

water to standards

Outlet to treatment structure

Measuring (physical-chemical and bacteriological, including heavy

metals and pesticides on permanent basis)


Relevance to potable water standards

6000 USD

Quality of treated wastewater

Outlet to treatment structure

Measuring (physical-chemical and bacteriological analyses)


Relevance to standards and norms

6000 USD each year

Water quality (visual, water

smell, bacteriological,

chemical)

At up and downstream points of water discharge and water discharge areas (basins)

Each month To ensure adherence to environmental protection requirements

6000 USD

Quality of sludge (sediments)

Monitoring of nematodes,

coliforms and heavy metals of

sludge composition

Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses

After sludge processing

Relevance to FAO requirements for neutralization or reuse for agricultural purposes

6000 USD

1

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8.3. Capacity Assessment for the Environmental Management of the Project

There is a Department on Control of Protection and Use of Water Resources in the Amelioration JSC,

consisting of 5 staff trained under several international initiatives and programs (e.g. ADB Flood Mitigation Project). The main functions of this department include also control of compliance with water quality and quantity requirements during the abstraction and use of water resources for different purposes.. The PIU for this project has a full-time Environmental Specialist who has obtained significant experience under the Irrigation and Drainage Project financed by the World Bank. In order to further strengthen the capacity of the PIU and the Amelioration JSC (including its local departments), the project will provide resources for specifically targeted training sessions to cover aspects of environmental management for both construction and operational phases of water projects. Also, the project will involve international consultancy services to supervise the construction works, which will include environmental supervision expertise.

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LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Verdiyev R. H. Water resources of the East Caucasus rivers, under the climate changes. Baku 2002, Elm, p. 224.

2. Potable water. Hygienic requirements to quality of water of the centralized systems of potable water supply. Sanitary- drinking norms. M. 1996- p.111.

3. Rustamov S.G., Kashkay R.M. Water resources of the rivers Azerbaijan SSR, Baku, Elm 1989, p. 180. 4. Project of UNDP/SİDA: Reducing trans-boundary degradation of the Kura-Aras river basin. Institutional

aspects of water sector of South Caucasus countries, Tbilisi 2005. 5. Project of UNDP/SİDA: Reducing trans-boundary degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin. An

estimation of Legislative needs for reducing of degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin, Tbilisi 2005. 6. Farda İmanov, Rafig Verdiyev. Protection of the small rivers of flowing into the Caspian Sea with

participation of public, Baku 2006, 108 p , Adilogli editorial office. 7. www.eco.gov.az 8. www.worldbank.org 9. www.azersu.az 10. www.ec.europa.eu

http://www.eco.gov.az

http://www.worldbank.org

http://www.azersu.az

http://www.ec.europa

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ANNEXES ANNEX I. Project Area in Shabran region

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ANNEX II. Proposed WS option

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Annex III. Proposed Sewage System option

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ANNEX IV. Proposed alternative Sewage System option

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ANNEX V. Proposed water distribution system

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ANNEX VI. WATER REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS A. Drinking Water Drinking water treatment requirements should be determined according to the quality of raw water from the different sources. EU Council Directive 75/440/EEC describes the quality required for surface water which is intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the EU Member States: The surface water is divided into 3 categories (A1, A2, A3) according to limiting values: Category A1: Simple physical treatment and disinfection, e. g. rapid filtration and disinfection Category A2: Normal physical treatment, chemical treatment and disinfection, e. g. pre-chlorination, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, disinfection (final chlorination) Category A3: Intensive physical and chemical treatment, extended treatment and disinfection, e. g. chlorination to break-point, coagulation, flocculation, decantation, filtration, adsorption (activated carbon), disinfection (ozone, final chlorination) In the summary project FS document proposes to consider the values according to EU Directive 75/440/EEC as criterion for this Project. It has to be emphasized that treated water quality must meet the limiting values set in “EU Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption”. Parametric values are divided in

A) Microbiological Parameters

B) Chemical Parameters

C) Indicator Parameters

The parameters and the limiting values are listed in Annex I to Council Directive 98/83/EC. Relevant water quality standards in Azerbaijan are given in below Table. Table. Water quality standards in Azerbaijan

INDICATOR

Standards

pH 6,0-9,0 Turbidity 1.5 mg/l Microorganism (Colonies are formed in 1 ml test water) <100

Coliform bacteria (coliform index), intestinal bacteria formed in 1 litre of test water <3

Nitrates (N03) 45 mg/l

Nitrites (N02)

3 mg/l

Chlorides

350 mg/l

Phosphates

1.0 mg/l

Sulfates (S04)

500 mg/l

Total hardness

7 mmol/1

Remained chlorine 0.3-0.5

Al 0.5 mg/l

As 0.05 mg/l

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Fe 0. 3 mg/l

Ni 0.1 mg/l

Cr (Cr6+) 0.05 mg/l

Cu (Cr2+) 1 mg/l

Zn 5 mg/l

Cd 0.001 mg/l

Pb 0.03 mg/l

Hg 0.0005 mg/l

B. Treated Waste Water and sludge In the proposed FS document it is shown that WWTP should meet the requirements of international standards. As it states the amounts of 50 g BOD5/cap/d, 100 gCOD/cap/d , 10.5 gN/cap/d and 70 g/cap/total suspended substances seems to be consistent with acting standards and those used in other European countries like Germany, Turkey etc. As there is no legislation in Azerbaijan defining the limit effluent values of WWTPs to use international standards for this purposes. The standard for wastewater treatment in the European Union is presented in the Urban Wastewater Directive 91/271/EEC issued on May 21 1991. The EU-Standard differentiates between sensitive and non-sensitive receiving water bodies.

Table 6.2 . Effluent Standards acc. EU-Directive 91/271/EEC

Parameter (Unit) Sensitive Area Non-Sensitive Area • BOD5 • mg/l • 25 • 25 • COD • mg/l • 125 • 125

• TSS • mg/l • 35 • 35 • N,tot • mg/l • 15 • --

• P,tot • mg/l • 2 • -- The requirements for N and P refer to annual mean values and a minimum wastewater temperature of 12° C. According to the Azerbaijan rules, discharge of wastewaters into water bodies is allowed only after obtaining a permit for "special water-use". The degree to which discharged wastewaters have to be treated (purified) is determined by the Maximum Allowable Discharge (MAD) norms for polluting substances. These norms are normally imposed in order to gradually improve surface water quality and meet the sanitary-hygienic requirements in proximity to water-intake structures. Application of certain methods of use of waste water on irrigated fields depend on preliminary preparation, with consideration of natural conditions and type of cultivated crops.

Assessment of waste water quality and its sludge, applied for irrigation and fertilization is conducted in complex way according to agrochemical and sanitary-hygienic and veterinary-sanitary indications.

Regulation of indicators of quality of watering water and its sludge is made with consideration of soil-climatic, hydro-geological conditions of territory of specific object, biological specific features of cultivated crops and technology of

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irrigation. Chemical composition of waste water, used for irrigation is assessed on the basis of activity of hydrogen ion (pH), composition of amount of dissolved salts, availability of main biogenic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), micro-elements and organic substances.

Requirements for quality of wastewater and its sludge Quality of waste water and its sludge, used for irrigation is regulated by chemical, bacteriological and parasitological indications.

Admissible concentration of heavy metals in waste water is established depending on irrigation norm, and it is defined in each specific case in accordance with acting requirements to waste water quality and its sludge, used for irrigation and fertilization.

Waste water, containing microelements, including heavy metals in quantities not exceeding MAC for economy-potable water use, may be used for irrigation without restrictions.

Possibility of use of treated industrial and mixed waste water in at irrigated fields is settled in each specific case by bodies and institutions of state sanitary-epidemiology and veterinary services on base of results of special researches, directed for learning of degree and character of impact of waste water on soil, cultivated crops, live-stock and cattle breeding production. Requirements concerning sludge from wastewater, applied for fertilization Use of sludge of waste water for fertilization may be admitted after its sterilization by one of methods in accordance with acting Sanitary rules of installation and operation of agricultural fields of irrigation.

Before use of sludge at lots for fertilization, agrochemical examination of soil on following parameters is to be conducted: pH, composition of active forms of phosphorus, potassium, heavy metals-lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, mercury, zinc. Examination is made on base of methods, accepted at agrochemical service.

As a rule, content of heavy metals in sludge of waste water from enterprises, reprocessing agricultural production is lower, however, nutritive substances are higher, than in sludge from city treatment facilities. With the aim to exclude hazard of pollution of soil, production and environment by heavy metals sludge of waste water purposed for fertilization are to be obligatorily analyzed for checking of heavy metals: lead, cadmium, chrome, copper, nickel, mercury, and zinc.

Application of sludge of industrial –domestic waste water, containing heavy metals and composts from them is prohibited, if introduction of these fertilizers will increase level of pollution of soils up to values 0,7-0,8 MACs Quality control of waste water and its sludge, which are applied for irrigation and fertilization Production laboratory control on envisaging of sanitation rules and standards at operation of at irrigated fields includes:

• control of effectiveness of operation of plants on preliminary preparation of waste water and its sludge before introduction at agricultural fields;

• quality control of underground and surface water, which are in the area of impact at agricultural fields

• quality control of soil and agricultural production

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ANNEX VII. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SHABRAN

ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS

Odour qualitative

Taste qualitative Turbidity Suspended

Sediment

Lab N Sample ID TON Dilution number NTU mg/l

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal 1 1 <1 <1 MDL ND ND 1 1 RSD(%) ND ND 5 5 EU98

(Council Directive

98/83/EC)

no abnormal change no

abnormal change

no abnormal change

ND

WHO's drinking

water standards

1993

ND ND ND ND

US EPA 3 3 4 ND ГОСТ 2874-82 2 2 ND 1.5

TON- threshold odor number MDL- Method Detection Limit RSD(%)- Relative Standard Deviation in % of measured value EU98- Drinking water quality standards- Council Directive 98/83/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Adopted on 3 November 1998 WHO- World Health Organization USEPA- United States Environmental Pollution Agency GOST- Former Soviet Union Standardization Agency ND- not determined

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SENSORIC & PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Water temperature* Color Conductivity,

25°C

Redox-Potential,

25°C

pH value, 25°C

Dissolved Oxygen,

O2 Hardness Total

Alkalinity Bromine

Lab N Project ID °C mg/l Pt/Co uS/cm mV mg/l mgCaCO3/l mgCaCO3/l mg/l

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal 16 <5 631 237 7.74 8.71 334 263 <0.05

MDL ND 5 10 10 ND ND 10 10 0.05 RSD(%) ND ND 5.0 5.0 ND ND 5.0 5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND no

abnormal change

2500 ND 6.5÷9.5 ND ND ND ND

WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND 2500 ND 6.5÷8.5 ND ND ND ND US EPA ND 15 ND ND 6.5÷8.5 ND ND ND ND

ГОСТ 2874-82 ND 20 ND ND 6.0÷9.0 ND 7 mol/m3 ND ND *Measured during sampling; ND- not determined

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ANIONS

Chloride, Cl

Sulphate, SO4

Bicarbonate HCO3

Nitrite, NO2

Nitrate, NO3

Fluoride, F

Cyanides, CN-

Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal 9.5 92 321 0.007 14.1 0.15 0.003

MDL 0.5 0.5 10 0.002 0.1 0.02 0.002 RSD (%) 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 250 250 ND 0.5 50 1.5 0.05 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 250 500 ND ND 50 1.5 0.07

US EPA 250 250 ND 1 10 4.0 0.2 ГОСТ 2874-82 350 500 ND ND 45 0.7 ND

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CATIONS

Sodium, Na

Potassium, K

Calcium, Ca

Magnesium. Mg

Ammonium, NH4

Boron, B

Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal 21.1 2.27 75.0 28.6 <0.01 <0.2

MDL 0.001 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.2 RSD(%) 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 200 ND ND ND 0.5 1.0 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 200 ND ND ND ND ND

US EPA 200 ND ND ND ND ND GOST ND ND ND ND ND ND

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RADIONUCLIDES

Radium 226

Radium 228 Lead 210 Tritium

Total indicative

dose Lab N Project ID Bq/l Bq/l Bq/l Bq/l mSv/year

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal <0.41 <0.29 <2.7 <1 0.1

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND ND ND 100 0.1 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND ND

US EPA 180 ND ND ND ГОСТ 2874-82 ND ND ND ND ND

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HEAVY METALS

Aluminium, Al

Arsenic, As

Chromium Cr

Nickel, Ni

Selenium, Se

Mercury, Hg

Antimony, Sb

Iron, Fe

(total)

Manganese, Mn (total)

Copper, Cu

Cadmium, Cd

Lead, Pb

Lab N Project ID ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l ug/l

11581

Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal

0.41 0.33 0.57 0.042 1.37 <0.2 0.019 56.1 14.6 0.104 <0.01 <0.01

MDL 0.3 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.5 0.2 0.01 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.01 0.01 RSD(%) 6.0 2.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 <5.0 5.0 1.2 2.5 4.0 <5.0 5.0

EU98 (Council Directive

98/83/EC) 200 10 50 20 10 1 5 200 50 2000 5 10

WHO's drinking water standards

1993 200 10 50 20 10 1 5 300 500 2000 3 10

US EPA 50 10 100 100 50 2 6 300 50 1300 5 15 ГОСТ 2874-82 500 50 500 100 10 1 ND 300 100 1000 1 30

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TOTAL ORGANICS CHARACTERIZATION

Total organic carbon (TOC)

Permanganate index, O2

Lab N Project ID mg/l mg/l

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal <0.3 0.64

MDL 0.3 0.4 RSD(%) 5.0 5

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) ND 5 WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND

US EPA ND ND ГОСТ 2874-82 ND ND

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MICROBIOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION

Escheria coli

Coliform pathogens Enterococci Pseudomonas

aeruginosa Clostridium perfringens

Colony count @

22°

Colony count @

36°C Lab N Project ID c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/100 ml c/1 ml c/1 ml

11581 Shabran Central Pump station Baku-2 canal Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found 15 9

MDL 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 RSD NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

EU98 (Council Directive 98/83/EC) 0/250 ml 0/100 ml 0/250 ml 0/250 ml 0/100 100/ml 20/ml WHO's drinking water standards 1993 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

ГОСТ 2874-82 0 3 ND ND ND 100 ND Not found- Non detected bacteria during test; NA- Not Applicable

CONCLUSIONS As results of fulfilled study program, following conclusions about water quality could be derived for studied samples:

Organoleptic parameters: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Sensoric & Physical-chemical parameters:

Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Anions and Cations content: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO criteria. But only nitrate content in sample were above US EPA criteria.

Radionuclides: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Heavy metals: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Total organics: Sample complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Microbiology communities: Samples complies of both USSR ГОСТ 2874-82 drinking water quality standards as well as EU, WHO and EPA criteria.

Hazardous organics: These tests were not applied for these samples, because absence of oil hydrocarbons or pesticide pollution and plastic pipes are not using in current system.

ANNEX VIII . Characteristics of Surface Water Intended for the Abstraction of Drinking Water

Parameters Unit A1 A2 A3 pH 6.5 – 8.5 5.5 – 9.0 5.5 – 9.0 Coloration (after simple filtration) mg/l Pt scale 20 100 200 Total suspended solids (SS) mg/l 25 (G) Temperature °C 25 25 25 Conductivity at 20 °C μs/cm-1 1000 (G) 1000 (G) 1000 (G)

Odour Dilution factor at 25 °C

3 (G) 20 (G) 20 (G)

Nitrates (NO3) mg/l 50 50 50 Fluorides (F) mg/l 1.5 Dissolved Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.3 2 Manganese (Mn) mg/l 0.05 (G) 0.1 (G) 1 (G) Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.05 0.05 (G) Zinc (Zn) mg/l 3 5 5 Boron (B) mg/l 1 (G) 1 (G) 1 (G) Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.1 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l 0.005 0.005 0.005 Total Chromium (Cr) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 Mercury (Hg) mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 Barium (Ba) mg/l 0.1 0.1 0.1 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Sulphates (SO4) mg/l 250 250 250 Chlorides (Cl) mg/l 200 (G) 200 (G) 200 (G) Surfactants (reacting with methyl blue) mg/l

(laurylsulphate) 0.2 (G) 0.2 (G) 0.4(G)

Phosphates (P2O5) mg/l 0.4 (G) 0.7 (G) 0.7(G) Phenols (C6 H5OH) mg/l 0.001 0.005 0.1 Dissolved or Emulsified Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.05 0.2 1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons mg/l 0.0002 0.0002 0.001 Pesticides mg/l 0.001 0.0025 0.005 Dissolved Oxiygen Satuaration Rate % O2 > 70 (G) > 50 (G) > 30 (G) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/l O2 < 3 (G) < 5 (G) < 7 (G) Nitrogen (N) by Kjeldahl Method (Except NO3) mg/l

1 (G) 2 (G) 3 (G)

Ammonia (NH4) mg/l 0.05 (G) 1.5 4 Substances Extrahable with Chloroform mg/l SEC 0.1 (G) 0.2 (G) 0.5 (G) Total Coliforms at 37 °C /100 ml 50 (G) 5000 (G) 50000(G) Faecal Coliforms /100 ml 20 (G) 2000 (G) 20000(G) Faecal Streptococci /100 ml 20 (G) 1000 (G) 10000(G)

Salmonella Not present in 1000 ml

Not present in 1000 ml

Note: values marked with “G” shall be respected as guidelines. Depending on the category the following standard methods of treatment for transforming surface water into drinking water are defined:

ANNEX IX. .The List Of Participants Of Public Consultation Meeting On Shabran Rayon WSS Project

NAME

PLACE OF WORK CONTACT

1

Muasayev Yusif City representative 050 329-11-29

2 Sultanov İkram

Vice-president of the Shabran rayon Executive power , Head of Rayon Commission on WSS project implementation

050 312-33-48

3 Cavadov Atabala

Shabran city representative 070 277-27-24

4

Mammadov Zahid Office of homes 050 620-45-17

5

Ibrahimov Shirinali Education Department 050 395-13-97

6

Aliyev Fikrat District executive authority 050 646-45-80

7

Gulaliyev Samir District executive authority 055 233-24-23

8

Alimammadov Suleyman

Head of Shabran region Gas Department

055 612-26-62

9

Mammadov Chingiz Editor of Shabran newspepar 070 358-23-01

10

Xalilov Tofig Shabran water agency 050 371-95-93

11

Khamtayev Mehman Shabran water agency 050 670-83-93

12

Hakan Mat GAUFF +90-532-4767382

13

Mikayilov İsrafil Shabran deputy of the RSH head 050 339-19-57

14 Abdullayev Panah Project team for implementation of the second national water supply and sewer

050 373-75-57

15

Shirinov Boyukaga Representative of the Shabran municipality

050 304-11-13

16 Verdiyev Rafig

EPTISA 050 349-58-84

17

Qurbanov Alamshah Education Department

18

Şukurov Eldaniz District executive authority 055 372-03-67

19

Nushiyev Fikrat District executive authority 050 394-49-54

20

Bagırov Elvin Head of Regional Department on youth and the sport

070 250-25-11

21

Mammadov Tamraz Shabran newspaper 055 634-76-84

22

Shamilov Adil Education Department 050 345-24-02

23

Nazarova Malahat District executive authority

24

Tahirova Şarafat District executive authority

25

Bibiquluyev Alirahim Municipality chairman

26

İmanov Farda HMK 341-26-86

27

Mammadova Billura Water agency 0115 3-28-89

28

Camalova Şarqiyya Water agency 050 424-12-73

29

Qadirova Shabira Water agency 050 621-80-58

Annex X. Public meeting on discussion of EİA report for Siyazan and Shabran regions

Shabran town 22 October 2010 Workshop üas organized in the meeting venue provided by the Shabran Rayon Executive Powers The representative of EPTİSA Rafig Verdiyev provided the general information about the Project to participants and answered asked questions. Main discussions where about proposals of Project Alternatives, Proposal Water sources , Environment Impact Assessment, Scheduled Activities for Environment Management Plan, Proposed Mitigation Measures.

The Presentation followed up with interesting discussions. Discussions were mainly about water supply, location of waste water treatment plant, sewer canals, project schedule and employment of local people in project construction work. Some people asked about length of construction works and potential its impacts/

The environmental consultant of the EIA informed that provided proposals will be considered in the EIA.

The essential questions and proposals during the presentation:

Comment Response 1 Mikayılov İsrafil

We propose to use2 times powerful pumps instead of using several small and weaker pumps. This will allow us to keep one of them as reserve and make their life time longer

When choosing the pumps their economical profitability has also been assessed . Proposed pumps are cheaper and they can be easily replaced.

1 Lavadov Atabala: When connecting houses to new WSSS who will cover expenses?

There will be installed pipes ending in each houses/yards free of charge. Residents will only cover expenses for internal connection in their yards. There are also some discussions ongoing to get some subsidies or grants for this purposes.

2 Nadirov Qafar Water from Baku pipes doesn’t fully fit quality requirements for and can be used for drinking water only. Irrigation. Would it be possible to use Samur- Absheron canal for irrigation purposes.?

As project will deal only with drinking water supply it wouldn’t be good approach if it used for irrigation as well. It would be good for this purpose use Samur- Absheron canal. Amelioration JSC is informed about this and there is expectations that it will be solved positively.

3 Qurbanov Tofiq Will there be enough water for all?

Project consider all users, including population , economy and etc. on the basis of Integrated water resources use and management principles and it is envisioned that there shouldn’t be any problem in this regards.

4 Atabala Javadov: Local specialists know local conditions better than others and will they be involved into project work.

This issue has been discussed many times and it is agreed that main construction work will be implemented by maximal involvement of local population..

5 Osmanov Aydın Will there be compensation to affected people?

If there will be any damage to property of population it will certainly dually compensated.

A. Siyəzəndən olan iştirakçılar

B. Attendees of Shabran Public Awareness Meeting

republic of azerbaijan · drinking water with gost 2874-82 -“potable water” standards, except...

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