reproductive technologies in vitro fertilization (ivf)

20
Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Upload: martin-dean

Post on 18-Jan-2016

225 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Reproductive Technologies

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Page 2: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Normal Fertilization

Page 3: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Page 4: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

IVF: In vitro fertilization

In vitro: in glass

Fertilization: Ova + Sperm

Page 5: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Hormonal treatment

Female

Harvest the ovum

Mix in a test tube

Natural ejaculation

Collect semen

Mature Ova

Motile sperms

Keep to develop embryo

Transfer to mother

Male

Basic Principle of IVF

Page 6: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Page 7: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Oocytes with granulosa cells

"Naked" Oocyte

Page 8: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

8-cell embryo for transfer

Page 9: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Blastocyst for transfer

Page 10: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Implantation

Page 11: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Fourteen Days after Initial Cell Division

Page 12: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Viable Fetus

Page 13: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

After Birth

Page 14: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Cryopreservation of Ova, Sperm and Embryo

Page 15: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Risks

Superovulation Stimulates Egg Development

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)

-could cause ovarian enlargement, fluid in the abdomen, difficulty breathing, kidney failure and blood clots which in rare and extreme circumstances can even result in death.

-common side effects include bloating, enlarged ovaries, nausea, diarrhea, and tender breasts.

Page 16: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Normal results

•success rates vary widely between clinics and between physicians performing the

procedure and implantation does not guarantee pregnancy

•procedure may have to be repeated more than once to achieve pregnancy

•success rates have improved in recent years, up from 20% in 1995 to 27% in 2001.

Abnormal results

•an ectopic or multiple pregnancy may abort spontaneously or may require termination if the health of the mother is at risk.

•the number of multiple pregnancies has decreased in recent years as technical advances and professional guidelines have led to implanting of fewer embryos per attempt.

Page 17: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

• Bypassing the natural method of conception.

• The creation of life in the laboratory.

• Fertilization of more embryos than will be needed.

• Discarding of excess embryos.

• Unnatural environment for embryos.

• Use of untested technology.

• Not affordable for many.

• Misallocation of medical resources.

Ethics

http://www.psychologytoday.com/files/u818/babies-money_6189731.jpg

Page 18: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

•Creation of embryos, then freezing

them, and keeping them "in limbo"

• Exposure of embryos to unnatural

substances

• Destruction of embryos in research

• Potential to create embryos for

medical purposes

• Potential to select embryos

(Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis)

My Sister’s Keeper

• Potential to modify embryos (designer

babies)

http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/img/original/designer_baby_2.jpg

Page 19: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

• Facilitation of the idea that embryos are commodities.

• Financial rewards for IVF doctors dissuade them from

recommending other methods to couples.

• Infertility is treated as a disease and not as a symptom of

underlying medical problems.

Page 20: Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Separating the traditional mother-father model

Pregnancy past menopause

Religious objections