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ED 451 834 JC 010 264

AUTHOR King, James R.TITLE Directions of the New Economy: California's Regional

Employment Trends, 1991-1997.INSTITUTION California Community Colleges, Sacramento. Economic

Development Coordination Network (EDNet).; CaliforniaCommunity Colleges, Sacramento. Office of the Chancellor.

PUB DATE 2000-10-00NOTE 27p.

PUB TYPE Reports Research (143)EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Agriculture; *Community Colleges; Economics; *Education Work

Relationship; Employers; *Employment Patterns; EmploymentStatistics; *Labor Economics; Manufacturing Industry;Services; Two Year Colleges

IDENTIFIERS *California Community Colleges

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this report is to provide California

community colleges with a statistical description of regional employmenttrends between 1991 and 1997. These trends are presented by one-, two-, andthree-digit Standard Industrial Classification Codes (SIC) for each of thenine regions of the state: (1) the Bay Area; (2) the Central Coast; (3) the

Central Sierra; (4) Northern California; (5) Northern Sacramento Valley; (6)

Greater Sacramento; (7) San Diego; (8) San Joaquin Valley; and (9) SouthernCalifornia. Each chapter contains an overview of employment gains and lossesin the region, employment gains and losses by major industrial group, anddetailed data on the manufacturing and services sectors, and discussescandidates for additional analysis. The data provide a guide for regional andstate decisionmakers as they formulate workforce development policy for thecoming year. Report highlights include: (1) the services sector wasresponsible for 69 percent of the total job growth in the Bay Area, 81percent in Southern California, and 41 percent in the Central Sierra region;(2) retail trade ranked second to services in Northern California, with 2,763new jobs; and (3) agriculture ranked second to services in the Central Coastregion, with 7,742 new jobs. Contains numerous graphs and figures. (JA)

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1

In order to achievesustainable economicgrowth, meet thedemands of globalcompetition in themodern economy, andimprove the quality oflife for all Californians,California shall have acomprehensiveworkforce developmentsystem of education andworkforce preparationlinked to economicdevelopment that sets thestandard for the nationand the world.

Vision

California Workforce Development:A Policy Framework for Economic CrOwth

O

Acknowledgements, Table of Contents

The data and analyses in Directions of the New Economy are the work

of Applied Development Economics, James R. King, President. Our thanks

go to Mr. King for his thoughtful reporting and his insight in what itmeans for the California Community Colleges.

Direction for this project comes from the Executive Committee of the

Economic Development Program for the California Community Colleges.

Instrumental in the strategic review process for the Economic Development

Program are the

chairpersons for 1998-

2000 and 2000-2002 of the

Executive Committee, Dr.

Peter MacDougall, President

of Santa Barbara City

College, and Dr. Edward

Hernandez, Chancellor of

the Rancho Santiago

Community College District.

Chairing the Strategic Review

Sub Committee in 1998-2000

and 2000-2002 were Dr. Kevin

Ramirez, President of Sierra

College, and Dr. Marchelle Fox,

President of West Valley College.

Other members of our Executive

Committee who have helped us put this

project on track and keep it there even on

short timelines, have been Bruce Grogan,

Deputy Secretary for Economic Development of

the California Trade and Commerce Agency,

Robert Hotchkiss, Deputy Director of the Health

and Human Services Agency, and Dr. Patrick Ainsworth,

Assistant Superintendent of Standards, High School

Division.

At the Chancellor's Office of the California Community

Colleges, Dr.Victoria Morrow, Vice-Chancellor of Educational

Services and Economic Development, Barbara Whitney, Dean

of Economic Development (1998-2000), and Kay Ferrier, current

Dean of Economic Development, provided a strong backbone of

support for the report and leadership for our collaborative agency

relationships.

Our thanks also goes to Dr. Edward Kawahara, Deputy Secretary

for Economic Research and Strategic Initiatives of the California Trade

and Commerce Agency, and Richard Holden, Division Chief, Labor Market

Information Division, Employment Development Department Edward

Kawahara and Richard Holden provided us with direction for the project

from its initialization through completion.

1

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements 1

Introduction and Base Economic Analysis 2

Individual California Regions

Bay Area 4Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco,San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Solano, Sonoma

Central Coast 6

Monterey, San Benito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara

Central Sierra 8

Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, Inyo, Mariposa, Mono, Tuolumne

Northern California 10

Del Norte, Humboldt, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc,Plumas, Sierra, Siskiyou, Trinity

Northern Sacramento Valley 12

Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Shasta, Tehama

Greater Sacramento 14

El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba

San Diego 16

Imperial, San Diego

San Joaquin Valley . 18

Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin,Stanislaus, Tulare

Southern California . . 20

Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Ventura

Recommendations for California'sCommunity Colleges 22

0

Introduction and Economic Base Analysis

"First, every industry emphasized that skill-setsimprovement through education and workforcetraining is its top priority. Job opportunitiesand changing skill-sets need to drive job trainingprograms.

Collaborating to Compete in the New Economy,Economic Strategy Panel of the California Trade andCommerce Agency, 1996.

11

IntroductionDirections of the New Economy is sponsored by the Economic

Development Program of the California Community Colleges. It is designed

to follow the thinking of the Economic Strategy Panel of the California

Trade and Commerce Agency. Planning for investment in regional workforce

and economic development efforts is an activity that involves manyentities and organizations. Several agencies collaborate with the

Community Colleges in direction setting for program planning, among

them the California Trade and Commerce Agency, the Health and Human

Services Agency, and the Department of Education. In planning for the

best use of economic development resources in the State, these four

agencies are committed to working within a policy framework as

collaborators.

The mission of the Economic Development Program is to advance

California's economic growth and global competitiveness through quality

education and services focusing on continuous work force improvement,

technology deployment, and business development. The Economic

Development Program provides job-related education and services to

businesses and organizations of all sizes, in both public and private

sectors. The Program is also responsible for developing innovative

solutions in identified strategic priority industries that are developingjobs for which technical training curricula are needed by the Colleges.

Technical training programs have substantial start-up time and resource

needs; colleges are thus advantaged by anticipating future needs for our

programs in economic and workforce development.

The Purpose of this report is to provide Community Colleges in each

region of the State with a statistical description of regional employment

trends between 1991 and 1997. These trends are presented by one, two

and three digit Standard Industrial Classification Codes (SIC) for each

of the nine regions of the State. Comparable data for all industries for

each of the counties in the State can be accessed at

http: // commerce. ca. gov /california /economy /index.html

2

This document was produced to provide staff, faculty and administrators

with a concise handbook to help them understand the economic base in

their region, and how employment trends are undergoing change. The

work was designed as an accompaniment to a general call for proposals

of new strategic priority areas. This call is disseminated widely throughout

the community colleges and our network of collaborating organizations.

Considering the support of new strategic priorities helps keep the Economic

Development Program on the cutting edge of innovation and allows

strategic decision-making about the content of the Economic Development

"portfolio" of programs.The document was also designed to be of assistance not only to

ourselves, but also to our partners in the Department of Education, the

California Trade and Commerce Agency, and the Health and Human

Services Agency. We believe that secondary and post-secondary education

is the key to workforce development. Without the solid foundation of

secondary and post-secondary education, the economy will not thrive in

the future. Likewise, we are solid partners with the California Trade and

Commerce Agency, with whom we share an interest in creating jobs and

increasing California's economic growth. And, we work as partners with

the Health and Human Services Agency to craft and implement solutions

to workforce issues for providing opportunities to people. It is our hope

that by packaging this information in a regional approach, with an

emphasis on helping service providers understand the regional economies

in California, that our document can be of service and assistance to our

partners in these critical agencies, as well as to ourselves.

MethodologyThe data presented in this report identifies the source of employment

growth in the State for the top employment generators in each of its nine

economic regions as defined by the Labor Market Information Division of

the Employment Development Department and utilized by the Economic

Strategy Panel of the California Trade and Commerce Agency.

This work can only be done on a regional basis; the State of California

is too large, and too diverse, to be considered as a single unit economically.

Thus, the report in this handbook examines the regions of California. For

purposes of studying the economy, the nine economic regions as defined

by the Economic Strategy Panel have been used in this report. These

regions are defined by the clusters of buyers and sellers that network

together in a region to produce goods and services. Together they form

an industrial infrastructure that defines the nature of work in a region.

(The California Community Colleges have also defined regions in California

as a means to collaborate with each other and with other providers of

educational services. The ten Community College regions are defined

differently than the economic regions used in this report.)

Introduction and Economic Base Analysis

By separating job losses from job gains the data included in each of

the nine reports disclose actual job gains rather than the net after

calculating job gains and job losses. Therefore, these data provide a

better guide for regional and state decision-makers as they formulate

workforce development policy for the coming year. The data in this report

are presented at the level of detail available from the ES 202 files

maintained by the Labor Market Information Division of the Employment

Development Department. It is illustrative of employment trends and is

not necessarily accurate to the level of detail presented.

Descriptions of the economic base for each of the State's nine economic

regions are provided in separate chapters. Each chapter contains an

overview of employment gains and losses in the region, employment gains

and losses by major industrial group, detailed data on the manufacturing

and services sectors and discusses candidates for additional analysis.

A process for refining the data in this report and developing workforce

development policies is provided. Community Colleges are encouraged

to work collaboratively with other organizations and representatives of

key business clusters in their region to develop regional workforce

investment strategies. It is further recommended that these strategies

be reviewed annually based on up-dated employment data.

Our thanks go to our colleagues at the California Trade and Commerce

Agency and the Labor Market Information Division of the Employment

Development Department for their willingness to share their time andexpertise with us.

For more information:

Director

ED>Net Coordination Network

California Community Colleges

www.ednet.cc.ca.us

Economic Base AnalysisHow Economies Grow

Employment growth is a function of both local and external trends.

Industries such as retail trade and some firms in all sectors depend on

increases in local demand to support their growth. Even some firms in

the manufacturing sector serve primarily local customers. These are

called local serving businesses and they can only grow if there is a growth

in the income in the regions and/or a growth in population, which brings

with it additional wealth and expands the labor force.

3

In contrast some firms sell most of their goods and services outside

the region. These firms are called export businesses whether they sell

their goods in the adjoining regions or throughout the world. Export

businesses can be found in all sectors of the region's economic base and

are highly sensitive to external changes in the regional, state, national

or global economy. Moreover they are not sensitive to income and/or

population growth in the region.

The distinction is important because local serving businesses do not

bring additional wealth into the region. Only export businesses bring in

new wealth and therefore receive the most attention in business attraction

and expansion programs because of their wealth-creating potential. In

some cases, however, primarily local serving businesses such as eating

and drinking places and lodging bring new wealth into the region because

of consumers from outside the region purchasing their services. Some

businesses in the medical services, education and transportation

industries, as well as others play a similar dual role.

Another consideration is the ecological and evolutionary nature of

economic growth. Economic growth is ecological in that all businesses

are in networks of firms called clusters. They are tied together as buyers

and sellers of products and services essential for producing a final

product for consumers. They are also tied together regarding markets

and the physical infrastructure that supports the cluster. These networks

can be entirely local or have no local connections at all. However, most

clusters have strong regional networks and this is why the region is thebest geographic unit for analysis.

Clusters of firms are evolutionary in that most new clusters emerge

out of the clusters that are already well developed in the region. Firms

locate in a region to take advantage of the network of buyers and suppliers,

markets and physical infrastructure already in place to serve existingclusters. As they grow and mature they find new markets in other clusters

and in some cases develop into an entirely new cluster of networked firms.

Since the availability and quality of the labor force is increasinglyimportant in a firm's decision on where to locate or expand, detailed

knowledge of the mix is vital for regional decision-makers to know how

the mix is changing over time. This is especially important since the

changes in the mix of industries in a region's economic base are

increasingly rapid.

It is no longer sufficient to benchmark a local economic base every

five or ten years. And it is misleading to analyze changes in the business

mix at the one digit SIC Code level. It is also misleading to look only at

the net employment growth rather than the absolute gains and losses

in each industrial sector. Without this level of detail opportunities as well

as problems will be overlooked.

LIME

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Bay Area

between 1991 and 1997. Job gains by division show that the services

sector was responsible for 206,332 new jobs in the Bay Area during this

period accounting for 69 percent of the total job growth. Services sector

businesses grew at an annual rate of 3.7 percent compared to 3.0 percent

for the State.

Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 27,610 new jobs followed

by manufacturing which added 21,791 new positions. Other significant

job gains were found in wholesale trade (7,771) and agriculture (6,004).

Only two sectors suffered losses, finance, insurance and real estate

(FIRE), (-8,655) and mining (-2,873). Both industries were following State

wide trends, but the losses in FIRE were less than that for the State as a

whole. (See the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)

Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously

presented for the top employment generators in the Bay Area region at

the two digit SIC Code level. These figures illustrate the importance of

disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture of

regional job growth.(See Tables)

ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the two digit SIC Code level for Manu-

facturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the

Bay Area gained 44,254 new manufacturing jobs between 1991 and 1997

rather than the 21,791 net new manufacturing jobs shown in Figure 1.

This under counting of job gains results from computation of the data

to show only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.

Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during thisperiod were accounted for by two major groups in the manufacturing

division, electronic and other electronic equipment with 18,126 new jobs

and industrial machinery and equipment with job gains of 12,734. Other

contributors to job gains in manufacturing were, instruments and related

products (5,046) and fabricated metal products (2,933).

ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total job gains

in this sector were 210,032 as opposed to the 206,332 reported in Figure 1

for the industry division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses,

services had far less losses compared to gains resulting in a less

inaccurate number for net job gains.

This figure shows that 126,138 of the job gains were accounted for by

one major group of the services sector, business services. Business

services provided 60 percent of the job gains in the region. This increase

was 8.4 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent for the State.

4

Business services was followed by engineering & management services

at 20,782 new jobs, health services with 16,597 and amusement and

recreation services with 11,014 new jobs. Other major groups in the

services sector contributing significantly were private households (5,778),

auto repair, services and parking (5,152) educational services (3,791)

and motion pictures (3,517).

Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the industry group level is shown

in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process

identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms

in the Bay Area region. Figure 4 shows the top six industry groups that

had an employment base of over 10,000 in 1997, grew in employment

10% or more and added at least 1,000 jobs. (See Tables)

Computer and data processing services led the way by adding 67,378

new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was personnel

supply services with 43,509 new jobs during this period. A distant third

was electronic components and accessories with 15,035 new jobs and

air transportation came in fourth with 11,859 new jobs. Management

and public relations was fifth (11,010) and Misc. amusement, recreation

services was fifth (10,506).

The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 10,000,

employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 1,000 jobs

are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was social services,

which added 3,171 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This represented a

7.5 percent annual growth rate well above that of the State, which was

4.4 percent.

Other sectors in the top ten were home health care services adding

2,809 new jobs, cable and other pay TV services adding 2,787, security

and commodity services with 2,641, advertising with 2,591, metal forging

and stampings 2,489, automotive services, except repair 2,454 and

schools and educational services 2,472. Security and commodity exchanges

was tenth with 1,985 new jobs during the period.

Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10

(7%) (8%) (12%)

(8%)

(7%)

(9%)

(7%)

(42%) (10%)

(27%)

Computer, Data Processing Serv.

Personnel Supply Serv.

Electronic Components, Accessories

Air Transportation, Scheduled

I/ Management, Public Relations

Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.

(10%)

(10%) (10%)(10%)

Social Serv., Nec. Metal Forgings, Stampings

II Home Health Care Serv. Schools, Educational Serv., Nec.

Cable, Pay TV Serv. Auto Serv., except Repair

Security, Commodity Serv. Bakery Products

Advertising Security, Commodity Exch.

tal

Figure 1 Absolute Change in Bay Area Employment1991 to 1997

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

20630

6004 15283 13495 774791 zuo

50000

8 3 8655

Agriculture R tai rad

Construction Se ices

Manufacturing Mining

Transportation Public Utilities finance Insurance Real Estate

Wholesale Trade

Absolute Change in Bay Area ManufacturingEmployment, 1991 to 1997

0000

15000

10000

1

1188 911,

12834

18126

000

0

- 000

10000

1 000

046

Rood Kindred Prod

abricate Metal Prod

Indust Mac r ery quip

Electronic Electric Equip

Instrumen s Related Prod

1 88

6176

45'41

h 98

Misc Mt Industries

Chemicals Allied Prod

Petroleum Goal Pr d

Prima Metal Indust es

Transpo t tion quip

a3 Absolute Change in Bay Area ServicesEmployment 1991 to 1991

140000

1G 138

NO 00

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

51 3517-

Business Sery

Auto Repair Sery Par ing

Motion Pictures

Amusement Recreation Sery

Health Sett

110147

2078

15778--

Education Sery

Social Sery

ngineenng Mgt ery

Private Households

-

Cud Negunn

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Central

Coast between 1991 and 1997 for all industry divisions. Net employment

growth in the region was 16,936. However, job gains amounted to 23,677

but were offset by job losses of 6,741. Hence, the actual job gain was

forty percent more than the most commonly used figure.

Job gains in the services division were responsible for 10,537 new jobs

in the Central Coast during this period accounting for 45 percent of the

total job growth in the region. Services division businesses grew at an

annual rate of 1.8 percent compared to 3 percent for the State.

Job gains in agriculture ranked second with 7,742 new jobs followed

by retail trade which added 4,832 new positions. Modest job gains were

found in construction (378) and transportation and public utilities (140).Three sectors suffered losses, manufacturing (-3,967), finance, insurance

and real estate (FIRE), (-2,068) and mining (-706). All three industrieswere following State wide trends, but the losses were larger than that for

the State as a whole. (See the Tables, which accompany this publication,

for more details.)

Employment Gains and Losses by Major SectorFigures in this section add more detail to the data previously presented

for the top employment generators in the Central Coast region at the major

industry group level. These figures illustrate the importance of

disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture of

regional job growth. (See Tables)

ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major industry group level for

manufacturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses shows

that the Central Coast gained 3,183 new manufacturing jobs between

1991 and 1997 rather than losing 3,966 net jobs shown in Figure 1. This

under counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show

only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.

Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during this

period were accounted for by nine industrial groups in the manufacturing

sector. Chemicals and allied products added 786 new jobs, food and

kindred products added 640, rubber and misc. plastic products added

456, printing and publishing added 426 and fabricated metal productsadded 391. Other contributors to job gains in manufacturing were, lumber

and wood products (182) and paper and allied products (167).

ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division at the major

group level. Total job gains in this sector were 12,729 as opposed to the

10,537 reported in Figure 1 for the one digit SIC Code level. Therefore,

actual job gains in services were 20 percent higher than the figure most

6

often used. As in manufacturing, job gains were spread out over four major

groups with additional job gains in eight additional groups at this level.

Figure 3 shows that 5,210 of the job gains were accounted for by one

major group in the services sector, business services. Business services

provided 41 percent of the job gains in the services sector. This increase

was 5.1 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent for the State.

Business services was followed by health services with 1,931 jobs,

amusement and recreation services with 1,256 new jobs and social

services with 1,225. Other components of the services sector contributing

significantly were hotel and other lodging places (755), private households

(729) educational services (559) and membership organizations (414).


in the following Figures. This final step in the disaggregation process

identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller

firms in the Central Coast region. Figure 4 shows the top six industries

that had an employment base of over 1,000 in 1997, grew in employment

10% or more and added at least 100 jobs. (See Tables)

Personnel supply services led the way by adding 4,277 new jobs to the

region between 1991 and 1997. Second were farm labor and management

services with 2,993 new jobs during this period. A distant third was

management and public relations with 1,319 new jobs. Misc. amusement,

recreation services was fifth with 1,084 new jobs and air transportation

came in fifth (1,042). Misc. business services were sixth (884).

The top ten industry groups with 1997 employment of less than 1,000,

employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 100 jobs

are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was personal credit

institutions, which added 697 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This

represented a 27.2 percent annual growth rate well above that of the

State, which was negative 0.5 percent.

Other sectors in the top five were airports, flying fields & services adding

537 new jobs, special industry machinery adding 520, botanical and

zoological gardens with 496, misc. durable goods with 402 and misc.

publishing with 363.

Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure Small Industrial, Top 10

(8%)

(37%)

(6%)(6%)

(17%)

(6%A(7%)

(13%)

(9%)

(10%)

(26%) (12%)

Personnel Supply Serv. Personal Credit Institutions Misc. Publishing

Farm Labor, Mgt. Serv. Airports, Flying Fields, Serv. Security Brokers, dealers

Ej Mgt., Public Relations Special Industrial Machinery Sanitary Serv.

Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv. Botanical, Zoological Gardens Motorcycles, Bicycles, Parts

Air Transportation, Scheduled Misc. Durable Goods Mortgage Bankers, Brokers

111 Misc. Business Serv.

(13%)

v

1 Absolute Change in Central CoastEmployment, 1991 to 1997

1.2000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

2000

-4000

6000

10537

111,211111111111

4832

308 140 48

-706

2068

Agriculture Services

Construction Mining

Transportation Public Utilities Manufacturing

W alesale Trade Finance Insurance Real Estate

Retail rade

Figure 2 Absolute Change in Central CoastManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 19917

moo

500

-500

-1000

1500

-2000

500

3000

-3500

640 486426 45_6 391

mss- H

-3-93 -506

905

-1 88

3259

ood Kindred Pro

Fruiting Publishing

Chemicals Allied Prod

Rubber Misc Plastics Prod

abricated Metal Prod

Stone Clay Glass Prod

Industrial Machine Equip

Electronic Elects quip

Transportation quip

Instruments Related Prod

Figure 3 Absolute Change in Central Coast ServicesEmployment, 1991 to 1993

6000

540000

4000

3000

000 4930

6 19251000

0

10001

-2000

Dig 29

-54g 49.

-89

Hotels Lodging

Business Semi

Amusement Re Se

Health Sery

Social Sem

Private Househo ds

Personne Semi

Misc Repair

Engineering Mgt Ser

Central Sierra Region

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Central

Sierra economic region between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the

services sector was responsible for 1,257 new jobs in the Central Sierra

during this period accounting for 41 percent of the total job growth inthe region. Services sector businesses grew at an annual rate of 1.6

percent compared to 3 percent for the State.

Job gains in retail trade ranked second with 943 new jobs followed by

manufacturing which added 727 new positions. The only other job gains

were found in agriculture (74). Five sectors suffered losses, finance,

insurance and real estate (FIRE), (280), wholesale trade (1,176),

transportation and public utilities (13), construction (639) and mining(539). These industries were declining more than statewide trends. (See

the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)


presented for the top employment generators in the Central Sierra region

at the two digit SIC Code level. These figures illustrate the importance

of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture

of regional job growth. (See Tables)

ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.

Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Central

Sierra gained 1,086 new manufacturing jobs between 1991 and 1997

rather than the 727 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This under counting

of job gains results from computation of the data to show only the net

(gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.


period were accounted for by two industrial groups in the manufacturing

sector, electronic and other electronic equipment with 210 new jobs and

industrial machinery and equipment with job gains of 303. Other

contributors to job gain in manufacturing were, chemicals and allied

products (165) and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products (127).

ServicesFigure 3 shows similar data for the services division. Total jobs gains

in this division were 2,347 as opposed to the 1,257 reported in Figure 1

for the one digit SIC Code level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses,

services had far more employment losses compared to gains resulting

in a more inaccurate number for net job gains.

8


one major group in the services sector, amusement and recreation services.

Amusement and recreation services provided 64 percent of the job gains

in the region in the services sector. This increase was 18.5 percent

annually compared to 4.2 percent for the State. Amusement and recreation

services was followed by social services at 259 new jobs, educational

services with 149 and membership organizations with 148 new jobs.

Candidates for Further AnalysisFurther disaggregation of the data to the three digit SIC code level is

shown in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation

process identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and

smaller firms in the Central Sierra region. Figure 4 shows the top two

three digit SIC Code industries that had an employment base of over 500

in 1997, grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 50 jobs.

(See Tables)

Miscellaneous amusement, recreation services led the way by adding

1,466 new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was real

estate agents and managers with 131 new jobs during this period.

The top ten industries with 1997 employment of less than 500,

employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 50 jobs are

shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was communications

equipment, which added 233 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This

represented a 76.4 percent annual growth rate well above that of the

State, which was 4.3 percent.

Other major groups in the top ten were beverages adding 196 new

jobs, residential care adding 181, individual and family services with

171, local and suburban transportation with 130, miscellaneous plastics

products, unclassified 127, miscellaneous chemical products 125 and

schools and personnel supply services 110. Civic and social associations

were tenth with 89 new jobs during the period.


(8%)(1 %)

(6%) (16%)

I=1 Misc. Amusement, Recreation Serv.

El Real Estate Agents, Managers

aa

(7%)

(9%)

(9%)

(13%)

(12%)

(9%)(12%)

Communications Equip. L:1 Misc. Plastic prods., Nec.

Beverages Misc. Chemical Prods.

Residential Care Personnel Supply Serv.

Individual, Family Serv. Elementary, Secondary Schools

0 Local, Suburban Transportation Civic, Social Assoc.

Figure 1 Absolute Change in Central SierraEmployment, 1991 to 1997

1500

1000

500

0

-500

1000

-1500

'AgricultureManufacturing

Retail Trade

II Services

Construction

Transportation, Public Utilities

11Whoresa le Trade

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate

Mining

Figure 2 Absolute Change in Central SierraManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 1997

400

300

200

100

0

100

200

300

303

165 210

107 127I-

33

- ail _________ _____ ,T18 -26

59

-228

II Food Kindred Prod

t Apparel Other Textile Prods

Chemtcals Allied Prods

Rubber Misc Plastic Prod

III Industrial Machinery Equip

Electronic Electric Equip.

Lumber Wood Prods.

Printing Publishing

Fabricated Metal Prods,

Misc Mfg Industries

3 Absolute Change in Central Sierra ServicesEmployment, 1991 to 1997

2000

14941500

1000

500

149

III/259

14864 93

tow L2p10

500

1000 r

1I -63

189-337

-480

_II Business Services Membership Org.

Auto Repair Services Parking Hotel Lodging

Amusement Recreation Sery "Personnel Sew,II/Educational Serv. Health Sery

Social Sery Private Households

Northern California Region

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Northern

California between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services

division was responsible for 7,948 new jobs in the Northern California

during this period accounting for 60 percent of the total job growth in

the region. Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 3.8



by agriculture, which added 1,571 new positions. The other job gains

were found in manufacturing (581), transportation and public utilities(4), and wholesale trade (335). Three sectors suffered losses, finance,

insurance and real estate (FIRE) (-43), construction (-1,172) and mining

(-164). Those industries showing losses tended to mirror the statewide

trends. (See the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)


presented for the top employment generators in the Northern California

region at the major group level. These figures illustrate the importance

of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate pictureof regional job growth. (See Tables)

ManufacturingFigure 2 show job gains at the major group level for manufacturing.

Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Northern

California region gained 1,811 new manufacturing jobs between 1991

and 1997 rather than the 581 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This under

counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show onlythe net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.


period were accounted for by two major groups in the manufacturing

sector, industrial machinery and equipment with 609 new jobs and food

and kindred products with job gains of 434. Other contributors to job

gain in manufacturing were, fabricated metal products (287) and

miscellaneous manufacturing industries (110).



for the division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services

had far fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate

number of net job gains than for manufacturing.

10


one major group of the services division, amusement and recreation

services. Amusement and recreation services provided 22 percent of the

job gains in the region in the services division. This increase was 14.1

percent annually compared to 4.2 percent for the State. Amusement and

recreation services was followed by health services at 1,716 new jobs,

Social services with 1,569 and private households with 851 new jobs.




in the Northern California region. Figure 4 shows the top six industry

groups that had an employment base of over 1,000 in 1997, grew in

employment 10% or more and added at lease 100 jobs. (See Tables)


1,774 new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was

hospitals with 1,198 new jobs during this period.



are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this industry group was general

industrial machinery, which added 459 new jobs between 1991 and 1997.

This represented a 57.6 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of

the State, which was negative 1.1 percent.

Other sectors in the top ten were forestry services adding 418 new

jobs, industrial machinery, nec with 415, job training and related services

with 407, trusts 387, beverages 373 and child day care services 325.

Professional and commercial equipment was tenth with 298 new jobs

during the period.

Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10(2%) (6%) (14%)

(8%) (6%)

(16%)

(22%)


NI HospitalsPrivate Households

Landscape, Horticultural Serv.

Individual, Family Serv.

Beverages

(8%)

(9%)

(9%)

(12%)

I(12%)

(12%) (12%)

Gen. Industrial Machinery 111 Civic, Social Assoc.

Forestry Serv. I/ Prof., Commercial Equip.

Industrial Machinery, Nec. Air Transportation, Scheduled

Job Training, Related Serv. Ei Animal Serv., Except Veterinary

Trusts Home Health Care Serv.

4.

Absolute Change in Northern CaliforniaEmployment, 1991 to 1997

8000

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

-1000

-2000

7948

2763

1571

581

335

-164 III-1172

Agriculture Services

Manufacturing Mining

Transportation, Public Utilities U ConstructionWholesale Trade Finance, Insurance, Real Estate

II Retail Trade

2 Absolute Change in Northern CaliforniaManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 1997

800

600609

200

287

98 102 110

434400

0

200

400

600

Food. Kindred Prod.

Rubber, Misc. Plastics Prod.

Fabricated Metal Prod.

S i Industrial Machinery. Equip.

MI Instruments. Related Prod.

ill261

-78

-459

Misc. Mfg. industries

LUIllber. Wood Prod.

Paper, Allied Prod.

Stone, Clay. Glass Prod.

Electronic, Other Electric Equip.

3 Absolute Change in Northern CaliforniaServices Employment, 1991 to 1991

2000

Hotels, Other Lodging Places

Educational Serv.

Social Serv.

Business Serv.

Auto Repair, Serv., Parking

it Amusement, Recreation Serv.

Health Serv.

Membership Org.

Private Households

Personal Services

SECTEMOHt

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Northern

Sacramento Valley between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the

services division was responsible for 8,867 new jobs in the Northern

Sacramento Valley during this period accounting for 76 percent of the

total job growth in the region. Services division businesses grew at an

annual rate of 4.1 percent compared to 3 percent for the State.


by agriculture, which added 1,080 new positions. The other job gains

were found in finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE) (153), and

manufacturing (81). Sectors that suffered losses were construction with

a net loss of 1,574 wholesale trade (-258), mining (-192) and transportation

and public utilities (-81). (Seethe Tables, which accompany this publication,

for more details.)

Employment Gains and Losses by Major GroupThe figures in this section add more detail to the data previously

presented for the top employment generators in the Northern Sacramento

Valley region at the two digit SIC Code level. These figures illustrate the

importance of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate

picture of regional job growth. (See Tables)


Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Northern

Sacramento Valley region gained 1,112 new manufacturing jobs between

1991 and 1997 rather than the 81 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This

under counting of job gains results from organization of the data to show

only the net (gains minus losses) at the division level.

Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during thisperiod were accounted for by three major groups in the manufacturing

sector, instruments and related products with 291 new jobs, industrial

machinery and equipment with 263 new jobs and fabricated metal

products with job gains of 218. Other contributors to job gain inmanufacturing were, transportation equipment (155) and miscellaneous

manufacturing industries (74).




had far less compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate number of

net job gains for manufacturing.

P1 2


one major group in the services division, health services. Health services

provided 33 percent of the job gains in the region in the services division.

This increase was 3.5 percent annually compared to 1.4 percent for the

State. Health services was followed by business services at 1,712 new

jobs, amusement and recreation services with 915 and social services

with 813 new jobs.


shown in the following figures. This final step in the disaggregation

process identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and

smaller firms in the Northern Sacramento Valley region. Figure 4 shows

the top six three digit SIC Code industries that had an employment base

of over 1,000 in 1997, grew in employment 10% or more and added at

least 100 jobs. (See Tables)


891 new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were hospitals

with 890 new jobs during this period.



are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was civic and social

associations, which added 701 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This

represented a 24.2 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of the

State, which was less than 1 percent.

Other industry groups in the top ten were computer and data processing

services adding 486 new jobs, home health care services adding 422,

business credit institutions with 358, miscellaneous fabricated textile

products with 329, air transportation, scheduled 270, child day care

services 239 and landscape and horticultural services 233. Water supply

was tenth with 229 new jobs during the period.

Figure Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure Small Industrial, Top 10

(9%)

(15%)

(8%) (17%)

(17%)

(16%) (17%)

Computer and Data Processing Services


Hospitals

Nursing, Personal Care Facilities

0:0 Personnel Supply Serv.

Private Households

Hotels, Motels

(7%)

(7%)(7%)

(7%) ji(14%)

(8%)

(8%) (12%)(10%)

Civic, Social Assoc. Air Transportation, Scheduled

Computer, Data Processing Serv. Child Day Care Serv.

Home Health Care Sew. Landscape, Horticultural Serv.

Business Credit Institutions Misc. Business Serv.

Misc Fabricated Textile Prod. Water Supply

-1411NENtriftrot*,\N

Absolute Change in Northern SacramentoValley Employment, 1991 to 1997

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000 1475

0

-2000

-4000

1080

81 153

8867

-192

-1574

-81 -258

Agriculture / MiningManufacturing Construction

Retail Trade Transportation, Public Utilities

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Wholesale Trade

Services

atm 2 Absolute Change in Northern Sacramento ValleyManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 1991

400

300 263 291

200

100

0 111

155

74

-100

-200

-300

-400

Chemicals, Allied Prod.

a Fabricated Metal Prod.

Industrial Machinery, Equip.

Transportation Equip.

Instruments, Related Prod.

-310 -271

-166 -196

Misc Mfg. Industrial Prod.

Lumber, Wood Prod.

Paper, Allied Prod.

Stone, Clay, Glass Prod.

Electronic, Electric Equip.

Absolute Change in Northern Sacramento ValleyServices Employment, 1991 to 1991

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

-500

1 Hotels, Lodging Places

Personal Serv.

Business Serv.

Auto Repair, Serv., Parking

Motion Pictures

Amusement, Recreation Serv.

Health Serv.

Social Serv.

Membership Serv.

Private Households

SomMent Hoge

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Greater

Sacramento between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services

sector was responsible for 41,595 new jobs in the Greater Sacramento


the region. Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 4.1


Job gains in manufacturing ranked second with 8,698 new jobs followed

by retail trade, which added 7,557 new positions. The other job gains

were found in agriculture (1,944), construction (2,232), transportation

and public utilities (2,921), wholesale trade (574) and finance, insurance

and real estate (FIRE) (1,861). Only one sector suffered losses, mining

with a net loss of 1,483, with a trend greater then the State. (See the

Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)


presented for the top employment generators in the Greater Sacramento


of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture

of regional job growth. (See Tables)


Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Greater

Sacramento region gained 11,761 new manufacturing jobs between 1991

and 1997 rather than the 8,698 net new jobs shown in Figure 1. This

under counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show

only the net (gains minus losses) at the division level.



sector, electronic and other electronic equipment with 4,391 new jobs

and industrial machinery and equipment with job gains of 4,924. Other

contributors to job gains in manufacturing were, furniture and fixtures(913) and rubber and miscellaneous plastic products (537).



for the services division. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services

had far fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less inaccuratenumber of net job gains for services.


14

one component of the services division, business services. Business

services provided 52 percent of the job gains in the region in the services

division. This increase was 10.6 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent

for the State. Business services was followed by social services at 4,454

new jobs, amusement and recreation services with 4,445 and health

services with 3,675 new jobs.




in the Greater Sacramento region. Figure 4 shows the top six three digit

SIC Code industries that had an employment base of over 5,000 in 1997,

grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 500 jobs. (See

Ta bles)

Personnel supply services led the way by adding 12,359 new jobs to

the region between 1991 and 1997. Second was miscellaneous business

services with 5,142 new jobs during this period.



are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was residential care,

which added 2,109 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This represented

a 10.8 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of the State, which

was 6.6 percent. (See Tables)

Other sectors in the top ten were electrical industrial apparatus adding

1,635 new jobs, services to buildings adding 1,435, air transportation,

scheduled with 1,256, investment offices with 1,001, home health care

services 988, miscellaneous durable goods 921 and farm labor and

management services 897. Sugar and confectionery products were tenth

with 880 new jobs during the period. (See Tables)

Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10(8%) (7%)

(18%)(7%)

(16%)


Misc. Business Serv.

Computer, Office Equip.


Computer, Data Process. Serv.

Electronic Components, Accessories

17

(7%)

(8%)

(8%)

(8%)(10%)

Residential Care Home Health Care Serv.

Elect. Industrial Apparatus Misc. Durable Goods

Services to Bldgs. Farm Labor, Mgt Services

Air Transportation, Scheduled Individual, Family Serv.

Investment Offices Sugar, Confectionary Prod.

(14%)

(12%)

0 Absolute Change in Greater SacramentoEmployment, 1991 to 1997

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

41595

8698 7557

1944 22320

2921lip 574 1861

- -4-1483

-i0000 I11

II Agriculture LI Retail Trade i

Construction Finance. Insurance Real Estate 4

Manufacturing II Services*Transportation Public Utilities Mining

Wholesale Trade

2 Absolute Change in Greater SacramentoManufacturing Employment, 199110 1997

6000

5000 4924

4000

3000

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

913

III 537 ;i t 307

4391

427

-771

-214 _367

-1156

Furniture Fixtures

Rubber Misc Plastics Prod

Industrial Machinery Equip

Electronic Electric Equip

Mist Mfg Industries

Food, Kindred Prod.

MI Lumber. Wood Prod.

III Paper. Allied Prod.

Printing. Publishing


Figure Absolute Change in Greater SacramentoServices Employment, 1991 to 1997

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

-5000

22730

4445 3675 4454

2086664

1465 1974 1789

-1037

Rosiness Sery kiTT Education Serv.

Auto Repair Sery Parking ' Social Sere.

al Motion Pictures Engineering. Mgt. Serv.

Amusement Recreation Sery Private Households

II Health Sery Personal Sery

San Diego Region

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the San Diego

region between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services division

was responsible for 62,509 new jobs in the San Diego region during this

period accounting for 67 percent of the total job growth in the region.Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 3.4 percent

compared to 3 percent for the State.


by transportation and public utilities, which added 5,075 new positions.

The other job gains were found in construction (4,172), agriculture (4,034),

and wholesale trade (3,537). Divisions that suffered losses were

manufacturing with a net loss of 9,481, finance, insurance, and real

estate (FIRE) (-2,139), and mining (-872). (See the Tables, which accompany

this publication, for more details.)


presented for the top employment generators in the San Diego region at

the division level. These figures illustrate the importance of disaggregation

of employment data for gaining an accurate picture of regional job growth.

(See Tables)

ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the two digit SIC Code level for

manufacturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses shows

that the San Diego region gained 16,470 new manufacturing jobs between

1991 and 1997 rather than the 9,481 net loss shown in Figure 1. This

under counting of job gains results from organization of the data to show

only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.


period were accounted for by two industrial components of the

manufacturing division, miscellaneous manufacturing industries with

4,328 new jobs, and industrial machinery and equipment with job gains

of 4,009. Other contributors to job gain in manufacturing were, apparel

and other textile products (1,762) and electronic and other electric

equipment (1,110).




had far less compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate number of

net job gains as seen in manufacturing.

16


one major group of the services division, business services. Business



for the State. Business services was followed by engineering and

management services at 12,513 new jobs, health services with 6,203

and social services with 4,456 new jobs.


shown in following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process

identifies the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller

firms in the San Diego region. Figure 4 shows the top six three digit SIC

Code industries that had an employment base of over 10,000 in 1997,

grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 1,000 jobs. (See

Tables)


the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were research and testing

services with 10,078 new jobs during this period.


employment growth of 10 percent or more who added at least 1,000 jobs

are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this category was services to

buildings, which added 3,773 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This

represented a 9.9 percent annual growth rate, compared to that of the

State, which was 3.1 percent.

Other major groups in the top ten were toys and sporting goods adding

3,497 new jobs, professional and commercial equipment adding 2,775,

telephone communication with 2,734, home health care services with

2,302, farm labor and management services 1,872, offices of other health

practitioners 1,729 and mortgage bankers and brokers 1,560. Schools and

educational services, nec was tenth with 1,406 new jobs during the period.


(6%) (6%)

(11%) (6%) (16%)

(30%)

(14%)

(14%)

(25%)


Research, Testing Serv.



In Misc. Business Serv.

Mgt. Public Relations

19

(7%)

(8%)

(10%1

(12%)

Services to Bldgs.

Toys, Sporting Goods

Professional, Commercial Equip.

Telephone Communication

Home Health Care Services

(15%)

(12%)

111 Farm Labor, Mgt. Serv.

Offices of Other Health Practitioners

Mortgage Bankers, Brokers

E Combination Utility Serv.

Schools, Educational Serv., Nee.

Absolute Change in San Diego RegionEmployment, 1991 to 1997

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

62509

4034 4172 5075 35370_i-10000

-20000

-872'may-2139

-9481

Agriculture

Construction

Transportation. Public Utilities

Wholesale Trade

-+-Retail-Trade

Services

Mining

Si Manufacturing

Finance. Insurance, Real Estate

Absolute Change in San Diego RegionManufacturing Employment, 1991 to 199710000

5000

0

-5000

-10000

-15000

-20000

4009 4328

1762 'ma' 396 656 1396 785

-7214

-18323

Apparel, Other Textile Prod.

Furniture. Fixtures

Paper, Allied Prod.

is Printing. Publishing



Industrial Machinery. Equip.

Misc. Mfg. Industries


Instruments, Related Prod.

3 Absolute Change in San Diego RegionServices Employment, 1991 to 199730000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

28040

12513

3258 50636203

3536 4456

1538III.-970 -1555

-5000

Business Serv.

Auto Repair, Serv.. Parking

Motion Pictures

Amusement. Recreation Serv.

Health Serv.

Education Serv.

Social Serv.

Engineering, Mgt. Serv.

Hotels. Other Lodging Places

Private Households

SEn JaEsph bah

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the San Joaquin

Valley between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the agriculture

division was responsible for 44,734 new jobs in the San Joaquin Valley


the region.

Job gains in services ranked second with 33,072 new jobs followed by

retail trade, which added 12,372 new positions. Services division businesses

grew at an annual rate of 2.9 percent compared to 3 percent for the State.

The only other job gains were found in transportation and public utilities

with 4,066 new positions. Divisions that suffered losses were construction

with a net loss of 5,772, mining (-3,633), finance, insurance, and real

estate (FIRE) (-1,378), wholesale trade (-910), and manufacturing (-531).

(See the Tables, which accompany this publication, for more details.)


presented for the top employment generators in the San Joaquin Valley


of disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate pictureof regional job growth. (See Tables)

ManufacturingFigure 2 shows job gains at the two digit SIC Code level for

manufacturing. Note that separating job gains from job losses showsthat the San Joaquin Valley region gained 5,528 new manufacturing jobs

between 1991 and 1997 rather than the 531 net loss shown in figure 1.

This under counting of job gains results from computation of the data

to show only the net (gains minus losses) at the one digit SIC Code level.

Figure 2 also shows that most of the employment gains during thisperiod were accounted for by three major groups in the manufacturing

division, industrial machinery and equipment with 1,390 new jobs,

fabricated metal products 1,324 new jobs and rubber and misc. plastics

products with job gains of 958. Other contributors to job gain in

manufacturing were, instruments and related products (458) and

miscellaneous manufacturing industries (415)



for the division. In contrast to manufacturing job losses, services had far

fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less inaccurate number of

net job gains than for manufacturing.


one major group in the services division, business services. Business



for the State. Business services was followed by health services at 8,281

new jobs, amusement and recreation services with 3,513, and social

services with 3,180.


shown in following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process


in the San Joaquin Valley region. Figure 4 shows the top six industry

groups that had an employment base of over 5,000 in 1997, grew in

employment 10% or more and added at least 500 jobs. (See Tables)

Farm labor and management services led the way by adding 29,943

new jobs to the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were personnel

supply services with 7,742 new jobs during this period.



are shown in Figure 5. The leader in this industry group was public

warehousing and storage, which added 2,045 new jobs between 1991

and 1997. This represented a 13.9 percent annual growth rate, compared

to that of the State, which was 5.7 percent. (See Tables)

Other divisions in the top ten were management and public relations

adding 1,533 new jobs, crude petroleum and natural gas adding 1,413,

fish hatcheries and preserves with 1,172, computer and data processing

services with 1,084, Miscellaneous food and kindred products 942, health

and allied services, nec. 860 and colleges and universities 834. Landscape

and horticultural services was tenth with 789 new jobs during the period.

Figure

(6%)

(12%)

Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure Small Industrial, Top 10(

(5 %) (5%)

(15%)

(57%)

Farm Labor, Mgt Serv.

111 Personnel Supply Serv.

Crop Serv.


Private Households

Hospitals

(7%)

(7%)

(7%)

(7%)(18%)

(8%)

(9%). (10%)

Public Warehousing, Storage Misc. Food, Kindred Prod.

Mgt., Public Relations Health, Allied Serv, Nec.

Crude Petroleum, Natural Gas Colleges, Universities

Fish Hatcheries, Preserves Fabricated Structural Metal Prod.

Computer, Data Processing Serv. Landscape, Horticultural Serv.

(13 %)

(12%)

4ff

Figure

Figure 2

Absolute Change1991

rilesOp U@OVEmployment,

sin=

40000

30000

20000

10000

10000

44734

33072

-12372

4066

-531 -910 -13783633- L--

--5772

M Agriculture

II Transportation, Public Utilities

i__] Construction

/ManufacturingRetail Trade

SmitesMining

Absolute ChangeManufacturing

2000

1500

1000

500

0

-500

-1000

-1500

2000

Wholesale Trade

_.j Finance, Insurance, Real Estate

O) ffli) JoaquinIlffl] tbEnoployment,

Valley1


Fabricated Metal Prod.


111 Instruments, Related Prod.

Food, Kindred Prod.

Absoluteg312M133

14000

1260512000

10000

8000

6000

4000

-2000

Change

111 7 7J _

572 -615 -494

-1104 -1095

1.] Printing, Publishing


Stone, Clay, Glass Prod.

Li Electronic, Electric Equip.


ruift Joaquin1M2g QoEmployment,

2823

-981

to Business Serv. Social Sem.

IN Auto Repair, Serv., Parking Membership Org.

Amusement, Recreational Serv. Engineering, Mgt. Seen.

al Health Sew. I Private Households

Educational Serv. Hotels, Other Lodging Places

Southern California Region

Overview of Employment Gains and LossesFigure 1 provides an overview of employment growth in the Southern

California region between 1991 and 1997. Job gains show that the services

division was responsible for 229,420 new jobs in the Southern California

region during this period accounting for 81 percent of the total job growth

in the region. Services division businesses grew at an annual rate of 2.2


Employment gains in retail trade ranked second with 21,472 new jobs

followed by transportation and public utilities, which added 16,897 new

positions. The other job gains were found in wholesale trade (13,174),

and agriculture (751). Divisions that suffered losses were manufacturing

with a net loss of 131,023, finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE)

(-55,942), mining (-16,800) and construction (-9,511). (See the Tables,

which accompany this publication, for more details.)


presented for the top employment generators in the Southern California

region at industry group level. These figures illustrate the importance of

disaggregation of employment data for gaining an accurate picture ofregional job growth. (See Tables)


Note that separating job gains from job losses shows that the Southern

California region gained 32,127 new manufacturing jobs between 1991

and 1997 rather than the -131,023 net loss shown in Figure 1. This under

counting of job gains results from computation of the data to show only

the net (gains minus losses) at the major group level.



division, apparel and other textile products with 13,581 new jobs, andtextile mill products with job gains of 7,329. Other contributors to job

gain in manufacturing were, furniture and fixtures (3,584) andmiscellaneous manufacturing industries (2,870).


in this division were 260,416 as to the 229,420 reported in

Figure 1 for the division level. In contrast to manufacturing job losses,

services had far fewer losses compared to gains resulting in a less

inaccurate number of net job gains than in manufacturing.

.20


one major group of the services division, business services. Business


division. This increase was 5 percent annually compared to 6.9 percent

for the State. Business services was followed by motion pictures at 50,386

new jobs, health services with 25,309 and social services with 17,705

new jobs.


in following figures. This final step in the disaggregation process identifies

the top employment gainers among the larger and smaller firms in the

Southern California region. Figure 4 shows the top six three digit SIC

Code industries that had an employment base of over 10,000 in 1997,

grew in employment 10% or more and added at least 1,000 jobs. (See

Tables)


the region between 1991 and 1997. Second were motion picture production

and services with 47,522 new jobs during this period. The top ten industries

with 1997 employment of less than 10,000, employment growth of 10

percent or more who added at least 1,000 jobs are shown in Figure 5.

The leader in this category was textile finishing, except wool, which added

3,569 new jobs between 1991 and 1997. This represented a 20 percent

annual growth rate, compared to that of the State, which was 19.8 percent.

Other industry groups in the top ten were knitting mills adding 3,081

new jobs, men's and boys' furnishings adding 2,335, security and

commodity services with 2,179, video tape rental with 2,142, museums

and art galleries 1,938, special industry machinery 1,881 and automobile

parking 1,827. Air transportation, nonscheduled was tenth with 1,416

new jobs during the period.

Figure 0 Large Industrial, Top 6 Figure 0 Small Industrial, Top 10(8%) (6%) (16%)

(8%) (8%)

(33%)

(25%)

1:1 Personnel Supply Serv.

1111 Motion Picture Prod., Serv.

Misc. Business Serv.

Mgt., Public Relations

IN Private Households


(8%)

(9%)

(14%)

(9%) (11%)

(10%) (10%)

Textile Finishing, Except Wool El Museums, Art Galleries

Knitting Mills Special Industry machinery

Men's, Boy's Furnishings Automobile Parking

Security, Commodity Serv. [a Credit Unions

Video Tape Rental Air Transportation, Nonscheduled

a,

Figure u Absolute Change in Southern CaliforniaEmployment, 1991 to 1991

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

-50000

-100000

-150000

229420

16897

" I ---13174 21472

-16800-9511 11-55942

-131023

Agriculture

Transportation. Public Utilities

$ Wholesale Trade

Retail Trade

Services

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

III Finance, Insurance, Real Estate

kmiuditELigse 2 Absolute Change in Southern California7. Manu acturing Employment, 1991 to 1991..,,,V! Iskijalial 20000

732913581

10000

P., zo

m, 3584

' A \ 070. -10000-9615 -5729 -9081

111:4426

-20000 -13707

-30000

-40000

TM L r,.,:160 \iWWt% -50000

XVO a LI kh 11M-

-60000

-80000

14,_\

-73751

Textile Mill Prod.

Apparel, Other Textile Prod.

II Furniture, Fixtures

11 Food, Kindred Prod.

Printing, Publishing

Petroleum, Coal Prod.


Electronic. Other Electric Equip.


Instruments. Related Prod.

Figure () Absolute Change in Southern CaliforniaServices Employment, 1991 to 1997140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

-20000

122690

50386

15790253091770516295

II111111111111r4441-11151-7936

Business Serv.

Auto Repair. Serv., Parking

Motion Pictures

II Amusement, Recreation Sery

Health Serv.

Social Serv.

Private Households

I/Hotels, Other Lodging Places

`Legal Serv.Engineering, Mgt. Serv.

AMEIEMMATERS ffET CUifilltE[My' ors

The data presented in Figures 4 and 5 throughout the regional chapters

provide the basis for additional analysis. It is recommended that Community

College decision-makers form a working group for the region made up of

economic development, workforce development, training and education

professionals, and Councils of Government to review the data and

tentatively select no more than five large and two small industries for

further study.

Once the tentative selection is made, it is recommended that the

working group meet individually with representatives of regional businesses

that are in the selected clusters. The purpose of these meetings is to

determine, from those with first hand knowledge, the current trends in

the industry in the region. If they appear to be positive, a final selection

can be made. If not, other industries should be considered.

At this point a regional working group for each selected industrial

sector should be formed. Each group should be made up of representatives

of the economic development, workforce development and training,

education professionals, and Councils of Government expanded to include

representatives from a mix of regional businesses in the industrial sectors

selected.

Once the industry working groups have been formed, data should be

gathered and organized to project the employment growth of the industry,

identify the occupational categories that will be required to match the

projected employment growth, and list the skill requirements appropriate

for the employment categories. This information is readily available on-

line from State and Federal government sources.

http://www.onetcenter.org/

http://www.calmis.cahwnet.gov/htmlfile/ccois/oor.htm

The industry working group should discuss this information and come

to conclusions regarding the nature and extent of training that should

be undertaken in the coming year and the next five years. An implementation

plan should be developed by the industry working group that spells out

initiatives to be taken, the time frame for their initiation and completion,

their cost and source of funding, and the organization responsible for

conducting each initiative. This process should be repeated annually

including an update of all data.

22, .

71 "IT

I '

'

This document was prepared under the directionof the Economic Development Coordination Networkin the Los Rios Community College District,Sandy Kirschenmann, Director.

This project is supported by funds from theChancellor's Office, California Community Colleges.

Contact Information:

www.ednetcc.ca.us

1-800-344-3812

CaliforniaCommunityColleges

24

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