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Reproduction

DNA

Reproduction

Life function by which _______________________________________________

_____________________________________

Without reproduction ________________________________________

Reproduction IS ________________________________________________________________________

In order to study reproduction, we need to look closely at DNA, the molecule of life!

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

The _______________________________________________________________________

This is what is _______________________________________________________________________________

DNA is the ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________ (flesh, bones, hormones, enzymes, antibodies…)

What is DNA? (continued)

Found in the ___________________ of every eukaryotic cell

DNA _____________________________________________________________

____________________

This means DNA makes a dog a dog and a human a human

_________________________________________ in the organism

How are we different from a fly, fish, or a mushroom?

____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________

Let’s take a look at the DNA molecule and how it’s built

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How is DNA built?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is made up of _____ long strands called ________________

________________.

Nucleic acids are made up of many small pieces called

________________________________

Each nucleotide consists of 3 parts:

1. __________________ (Deoxyribose for DNA)

2. ____________________

3. __________________ __________________ (Base)

Adenine (____)

Thymine (___)

Cytosine (___)

Guanine (___)

Lets Build DNA

How many nucleotides do you need to make DNA?

Many nucleotides are linked together in long chains called ________________________

How many strands of nucleic acids make up a strand of DNA? ________

The two strands stay together because the bases are chemically ________________

How do the Bases bond?

Nitrogenous Bases

♥ Adenine only bonds with ______________________

♥ “____” only connects with “____”

♥ Guanine only bonds with ______________________

♥ “____” only connects with “____”

The bases form _________________ _______________ with matching bases and appear to be the steps in the

DNA double helix ladder.

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DNA’s shape is referred to as a ________________________________

DNA Questions

1. How many nucleotides with adenine are there in this piece of DNA?

____________________

2. Therefore, how many thymine bases are there in this piece of DNA?

__________________

3. If there are 1,300 Adenine bases in a piece of DNA, how many Thymine

bases are in that piece of DNA? _________________

4. If 20% of a random piece of DNA is made of Guanine, what percent (%) of

that piece of DNA is Cytosine? _____________

Where are the instructions in DNA?

The ________________________________________________ ____________________________

________________________________

The order of the bases makes my DNA different from your DNA

The order of bases makes human DNA different from a frog’s DNA or a potato plant’s DNA

There are _______________ differences between my DNA and a banana’s DNA

There are far _____________ differences between my DNA and your DNA

Drawing towards back of packet

How is DNA organized?

DNA is found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells as messy __________________

To help DNA be organized for cell division, DNA becomes tightly coiled creating a structure called a

________________________________

Chromosome - _______________________________

______________________________

Humans have ___________ chromosomes or ___________ single

strands of DNA

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Just 46 strands of DNA?

DNA is the _________________________________________________________________________

Your body makes about 35,000 different proteins

Why do we only have 46 strands of DNA and not 35,000?

One chromosome or one strand of DNA has the instructions

to make hundreds to thousands of proteins. A section of DNA

(chromosome) that codes for a specific protein is called a

gene.

Gene –

Don’t chromosomes look like an “X”

Before DNA replication, chromosomes have _____________________________

After DNA replication, chromosomes have _______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

______________________ - single stranded chromosome

____________________________ - chromatids that are exact copies of each other

____________________________ - hold sister chromatids together

Drawing towards back of packet

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How many chromosomes before and after DNA replication?

Why does DNA replicate?

Before cell division in order

DNA Replication

DNA makes ________________________________________________________________________

This means DNA makes a new molecule of DNA with the ________________________________________

How does DNA replicate itself?

1. ______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________

2. Complementary / ______________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________

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Do Now’s

Do Now 31

1. What is DNA

2. How is DNA built (nucleic acids & nucleotides)

3. How is DNA organized (chromosomes & chromatids…)

4. Why is the order of bases in DNA important

Do Now 101

1. What effects enzyme reaction rate?

2. Name 2 proteins and describe them:

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Do Now “Nucleic Acid” Label the diagram using the following terms: nucleotides, deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base, hydrogen bonds, base pair

7. What shape is DNA?

8. Does every organism have the same amount of DNA?

9. Put in size order from largest to smallest: (nucleotides, Nucleus, DNA, Gene, Chromosome) 10. What nitrogenous base must match up with Adenine?

a) Thymine b) Guanine

c) Cytosine d) Deoxyribose

11. label the parts of the following structure:

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12. Create a complete sentence using the following words:

Chromosome / DNA

Chromosome / Genes

DNA / Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid / Nucleotide

12. Find the missing bases for this segment of DNA: 13.

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DO NOW “23 MJ”

Drawing & Labeling Page

Draw and label: Nucleotide (3 parts) / Nucleic Acid / DNA

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Draw and label: