The process of producing offspring which is a

characteristic of life.

Scrotum: • Contains testes• Located behind the base of the penis• Produces sperm

Epididymis:• Coiled tube within the scrotum• Place in which sperm complete their maturation• Holding place for mature sperm

Vas Deferens:• Duct that transports sperm from epididymis to

exit the body

Urethra:• Tube inside penis • Transports sperm out of body• Also transports urine

( muscle at base of bladder that doesn’t allow sperm and urine to mix)

Seminal Vesicles:• Glands at base of bladder• Secrete mucous like fluid to the vas deferens• Fluid is rich in fructose which provides energy

for the sperm

Prostate Gland:• Below urinary bladder• Surrounds top portion of urethra• Secretes a thin fluid• Fluid is a base and helps the sperm move

Bulbourethral Glands:• Located beneath the prostate• Secretes clear, sticky fluid• Fluid is a base which helps neutralize the acidic

environment of the male urethra and female vagina.

Sperm are the male version of gametes.

Contain ½ the genetic material as original cell• Hapliods!

Three Parts:• Head• Midpiece• Tail

Head• Contains a cap that has an enzyme that

helps penetrate the egg• Nucleus that contains the genetic material

Midpiece• Contains Mitochondria• Produces energy for the sperm

Tail• Flagellum• Propels Sperm

Head that contains the nucleus

Cap which contains enzymes

Flagella which aids in movement

Midpiece which contains mitochondria

• Sperm are produced when the inner cells of the testes undergo meiosis. • Meiosis produces four haploid cells and all become sperm cells. • It takes about 74 hours for the sperm to become mature.• Males can produce 300 million sperm per day.

Time when secondary sex characteristics begin to develop

Sexual maturity is reached Changes are controlled by sex

hormones On Set of Puberty Glands in brain secrete LSH and LH

hormones Hormones travel to testes

• FSH helps produce sperm cells• LH helps produce testosterone

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Ovary• Where egg production takes place• Females have two ovaries

1 on each side• Size and shape of an almond

Oviduct (Fallopian Tubes)• Tube like structure• Transports egg from ovaries to uterus• Open end of oviduct is near ovaries

Uterus• Place of fetus development• Between bladder and rectum• Normally is the size and shape of inverted pear• Contains endometrium

Thin inner lining Cervix

• Lower end of uterus• Tapers to a narrow opening into the vagina

Vagina• Passageway to the outside of the female body

Eggs are the female sex cells• Haploids!• Production occurs before birth

Cells in ovaries divide until they reach Prophase I

Under go Resting stage At birth ovaries contain 2 million of

these potential eggs (oocytes) 40 thousand oocytes are found at

puberty

Occurs once a month beginning a puberty Process of Meiosis starts again in several

of the Prophase I cells. Each cell completes Meiosis I and begins

Meiosis II Due to unequal division of cytoplasm

during meiosis II one cell is smaller than the other and disintegrates---Polar Body #1

During Meiosis II one egg ruptures from the ovary to the oviduct

If the egg is fertilized it will complete Meiosis II

Again, due to unequal division of cytoplasm one cell is small and disintegrates.

The fertilized egg then begins dividing to produce a baby!

Ovulation: process of egg rupturing from ovary and being passed to oviduct

Roughly 400 eggs are ovulated during the reproductive life of a female.

Winner!!!

n (egg cell)

2n

Cells from inside testes

nSper

m Cell

nSper

m Cell

nsperm

cell

nSper

m cell

Cells in Ovaries

2nPolar Bodies

LH and FSH hormones are produced FSH stimulates the production of

follicles• Group of cells that surround the developing

egg FSH also causes the release of

Estrogen which is responsible for sex characteristics

Changes that occur in Female reproductive organs when releasing and egg and preparing for receiving egg

Begins at puberty lasts till menopause Repeats once a month Three Stages:

• Flow Phase• Follicular Phase• Luteal Phase

If egg is not fertilized the uterine lining is shed causing bleeding.

Process starts all over again!

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