repository on maternal child health - nihfw
TRANSCRIPT
Repository on Maternal Child Health
Catalogue of Available Resources
August 2011
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.]
National Child Health Resource Centre (NCHRC) National Institute of Health and Family Wefare (NIHFW)
Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi-110067pany name]
Content
Title Page
Introduction i
Key Features ii
Topics and Themes iii – v
AV Gallery vi
Topics
Maternal Health 1 – 23
Newborn Child Health 24 – 66
Immunization 67 – 91
Nutrition 92 – 115
Diseases 116 – 136
General Information 137 – 160
Themes
Policy, Program, Guidelines
Technical Publications
Training
Scientific Article
Statistical Information
i
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Efficient management of ‘health information’ is imperative for informed decision making and attaining effective outcomes of
programs. It is also one of the essential blocks for strengthening health systems of a country. Under the mandate of MDG 4 and 5 to
reduce child mortality and maternal mortality, several initiatives have been undertaken by the Government and non government
organizations to improve the status of Maternal Child Health in India, including the most recent National Rural Health Mission. This
has generated an abundant resource of valuable information; however this information lies scattered or remains within the parent
organizations and is often inaccessible to the public and other stakeholders. The Repository on Maternal Child Health is an attempt
to mitigate this problem and improve management of maternal child health information.
This Repository is a virtual guide to Child Health and related Maternal Health information relevant to Public Health in India. It is a
one-stop access to efficiently search, organize and share latest information. Its advantages include:
Collection and management of Child Health & related Maternal Health information at a single place.
Platform for effective sharing and exchange of information.
Improved visibility of child health issues.
Prevent duplication of efforts (and waste of resources) for similar issues
Informed decisions for better coherence between program needs and outcomes.
ii
Chapter 2: KEY FEATURES
The Repository on Maternal Child Health is a virtual guide to Child Health and related Maternal Health information relevant to
Public Health in India. It is a one-stop access to efficiency search, organize and share latest information. Some of its Key features
include:
Free/Open access to all users
Child health information focuses on children in the age group 0 to 5 years, that is, the newborn, infant and young child
age group
Maternal health information focuses on the perinatal period that is, late pregnancy (beyond 28 weeks), labour, delivery,
and post-partum period
Relevance of information from the public health perspective
Updated information with emphasis on resource materials published from the year 2000 onwards
Categorization of all information into specific Topics and Themes
Abstract, Keywords, Source and Year of Publication for each information/resource material along with photograph of
the cover page
Access to related documents indexed with the similar keywords by using the ‘link keywords’
Multiple ways to Search
Thesaurus developed for a standardized vocabulary of Keywords
Access to the full text document/resource material through link to the source website or PDF document (wherever
possible) with due acknowledgement to the contributing organization.
iii
Chapter 3: TOPICS AND THEMES
The Repository contains Child Health information and Maternal Health information relevant from public health perspective in India.
The Child health information focuses on children in the age group 0 to 5 years, that is, the newborn, infant and young child age
group while Maternal health information focuses on the perinatal period that is, late pregnancy (beyond 28 weeks), labour, delivery,
and post-partum period.
The information in the Repository has been classified into broad TOPICS which are given below:
Maternal health
Newborn and child health
Immunization
Nutrition
Diseases
General Information
Each topic has been further categorized into five (5) specific THEMES as described below:
Policies, programs, guidelines
This includes all documents showcasing Policies, Guidelines, Programs, Frame-works, Vision Statements and Plans developed by the
Government of India and Non government agencies (including WHO, UNICEF, other International donor organizations). This theme
would especially be useful for those involved in strategic planning and policy development.
This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:
iv
Technical publications
This theme is a broad segment comprising of Reports (of programs, research studies, events, monitoring & evaluations), Advocacy,
Field experiences, Innovations, Case studies, Process documents, and important Government Circulars and Orders. The resources
under this category would adhere to needs of a gamut of child health and public health professionals for program/project
development and management, research and advocacy.
This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:
Trainings
This section comprises various resource materials developed to enhance the capacity of health personnel working across different
levels of health care (including grass root level workers). It contains training materials like Facilitator’s Guide, Manuals, Handbooks,
Workbooks, Flipcharts, Modules, etc. and would be especially helpful to those working at district level and below.
This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:
Scientific articles
This theme contains primary and secondary research articles (with emphasis on systematic reviews) relevant to the topics in Indian
settings and published in peer reviewed journals. Letters, Personal opinions and Editorials have not been included. This theme would
usually interest policy makers/analysts and those involved in academic and research activities.
This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:
v
Statistical information
This section provides information derived from surveys, modeling techniques, evaluation studies, etc conducted by the national and
international agencies on the child health and related maternal health indicators. This theme would be useful to a wide range of
personnel including those involved in research, policy making, and monitoring evaluation activities.
This theme has been indicated in the catalogue by the following color:
vi
Chapter 4: AV Gallery
This gallery comprises of Audio-Visual aids (IEC/BCC materials), Printed material (Brochures, Leaflets, Posters), and Media news
developed to inform and educate the health care beneficiaries including the communities, families and individuals. This section
would be beneficial for those involved in health promotion activities.
It is divided into the following two categories:
Posters
Maternal Health
Newborn Child Health
Immunization
Nutrition
Diseases
General Information
Flipcharts
Maternal Health
Newborn Child Health
Immunization
Nutrition
Diseases
General Information
1
REPOSITORY ON MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH
TOPIC: MATERNAL HEALTH
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policy, Program, Guidelines
Basic Delivery Kit Guide
Prepared by PATH in 2001, this guide provides information on the design,
development, distribution and promotion of the single-use, disposable delivery kit
containing essential components for a clean delivery at home by the birth
attendants and for women delivering alone.
PATH 2001
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for Antenatal Care
and Skilled Attendance at
Birth by ANMs/LHVs/SNs
(NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this guideline provides comprehensive, evidence-based information to reorient the
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Staff Nurses (SNs), and Lady Health Visitors
(LHVs) to provide skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth. The chief objective is
to strengthen and operationalize the 24X7 PHCs and designated FRUs in handling
Basic and Comprehensive Obstetric Care including Care at Birth.
MoHFW 2010
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for
Operationalising First Referral
Units
This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division MoHFW, to help
the states to plan for and operationalise First Referral Units (FRUs) at the district
level for providing Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care under the RCH II
Program.
MoHFW 2004
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for
Operationalising a Primary
This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division MoHFW, to help
the states to plan for and operationalise at least 50% of Primary Health Centres as MoHFW 2005
2
Health Centre for providing
24-hour Delivery and
Newborn Care under RCH-II
24-hour functional units for providing round the clock delivery services and
newborn care under the RCH II program.
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for
Operationalizating SBA
Training in RCH II
This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division of MOHFW in
2007 for program managers and in-charges of training institutes at district and state
level to standardize planning of SBA training, ensure its effective management, and
to help these personnel identify their specific roles and responsibilities in
conducting this training.
MoHFW 2007
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for Pregnancy Care
and Management of Common
Obstetric Complications by
Medical Officers
Developed by the MOHFW in 2005, this evidence based guideline provides guidance
to the medical officers working at the level of PHCs and CHCs regarding pregnancy
care and management of common obstetric complications as mandated under RCH-
II.
MoHFW 2005
Government Guidelines --
Operational Guidelines on
Maternal and Newborn
Health (NEW)
Developed by the NHSRC of MoHFW in 2010, these guidelines specify the package
of maternal and child health services to be provided at each level of health facility
along with their quality parameters, proposes a supervisory structure and an
external system of assessment to ensure the delivery of these services, and
describes the institutional linkages and community support required to enable the
states and districts develop outcome based plans for reducing maternal and
newborn mortality.
NHSRC, MoHFW
2010
Guidelines on 8 Key Evidence
Based Practices During
Prepared by the Government of Rajasthan in coordination with ARTH, UNICEF AND
UNFPA, this document examines the research evidence on 8 key practices during
3
Labour
labor and delivery care, and provides evidence based recommendations on
interventions required to support processes of normal birth
Operational guidelines for
Yashoda/Mamta: An enabling
intervention for quality
maternal and newborn care
at the facility level
Developed by NIPI in 2010, this guideline provides a standardized framework to
facilitate the expansion of the Yashoda/Mamta intervention in the 4 states of Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. Yashoda/Mamta is a non-medical,
voluntary support worker placed at hospitals with high delivery load to create a
congenial environment for the mother and the newborn in the facility, and to
counsel the mother about good newborn care practices at home
NIPI 2010
Pregnancy, Childbirth,
Postpartum and Newborn
care: A Guide for Essential
Practice
Developed by the WHO in 2003, this manual provides evidence-based guidance to
health care professionals to enable them provide high quality routine and
emergency care during pregnancy, delivery and in the postpartum period, and
outlines the key preventive measures required for reducing the incidence of
maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality
WHO 2003
Standards for Maternal and
Neonatal Care
A set of user-friendly leaflets developed as part of the WHO’s Integrated
Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth Care (IMPAC) package to improve the
health and survival of women and their newborn babies during pregnancy,
childbirth and the postnatal period. Standards for health facilities have been
prescribed to enable provision of minimum essential care for all mothers and
newborns
WHO 2006
Working with Individuals,
Families and Communities to
Improve Maternal and
Newborn Health
This WHO document published in 2003 gives a framework for the interventions at
the level of individuals, families and communities to improve and increase their
control over maternal and newborn health, as well as to increase the access and
utilization of quality health services, particularly those provided by the skilled
WHO 2003
4
attendants
Technical Publication
Accelerating Progress
Towards Achieving Maternal
and Child Health Millenium
Development Goals (MDGs) 4
and 5 in South-East Asia
A report of the WHO SEARO sponsored high-level consultation of member countries
of South East Asia region held in 2008 at Ahmedabad. The objective of the meeting
was to review progress and identify barriers to achieving MDGs 4 & 5, share
information on evidence-based best practices and interventions, and agree on
multi-sectoral framework for accelerating and sustaining the achievement of MDGs
4 & 5
WHO 2008
Activities by State Health
Societies in Orissa, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan under Norway
India Partnership Initiative
(NIPI): Program Update 2009
This program update of 2009 describes briefly the various activities undertaken by
the four State Health Societies of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
under the NIPI program. The focus of NIPI program is on improving newborn and
child health in the five NRHM states which contribute to 60% of the total child
mortality
NIPI 2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation
NIPI 2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI
Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to
reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted
to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
NIPI 2009
5
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation
NIPI 2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Rajasthan (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation
NIPI 2009
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Consolidated report of 4 NIPI
States
Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states
of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India
Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve
maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and
related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,
assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project
implementation
NIPI 2009
6
Beyond Survival: Integrated
Delivery Care Practices for
Long-term Maternal and
Infant Nutrition, Health and
Development
This document by WHO PAHO focuses on 3 key practices for continuum of maternal
newborn care at the community level – delayed cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact,
and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. It reviews the existing evidence on
the nutritional and health benefits of these interventions followed by discussion on
the feasibility of their implementation
Pan
American
Health
Organization
2009
Birth Preparedness and
Complication Readiness: A
Matrix of Shared
Responsibilities
This document is a programmatic cum advocacy tool in 2001 outlining the plans and
actions that can be implemented at various levels (policy maker, facility, provider,
community, family, woman) to prevent delays and help ensure the safety and well-
being of the mother and her newborn throughout pregnancy, labor, childbirth, and
the postpartum period
USAID 2001
Community Level
Interventions to Prevent and
Treat Anemia: A Review of
Evidence from India
A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of USAID in 2008
to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child
Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document outlines the review on
community-level interventions for anemia prevention and treatment, summarizes
the selected interventions, and shares the recommendations and evidence gaps
identified by a technical expert group after analysis of the interventions
USAID 2008
Concurrent Assessment of
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)
Scheme in Selected States of
India, 2008
This report prepared by UNFPA summarizes the results of a survey conducted in
2008 to evaluate awareness and utilization of JSY services by the beneficiaries in the
five states (Bihar, MP, Rajasthan, Orissa, and UP), the involvement of ASHAs and
mobilization of the pregnant women for institutional deliveries, and the programme
and financial management aspects of JSY
UNFPA 2008
Concurrent Evaluation of the
Reach, Effectiveness and
Impact of the Mukhya Mantri
This document presents the top line findings and key recommendations from a
study conducted by Indiaclen and PFI in 2009 with support from USAID’s MCH STAR MCHSTAR 2009
7
Janani Shishu Swasthya
Abhiyan (MMJSSA-JSY) in
Jharkhand: An Indiaclen and
PFI Study
initiative to evaluate the reach, effectiveness and impact of the Mukhya Mantri
Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan, which was launched by the Govt. of Jharkhand in
2005
Coverage Evaluation Survey
2002 for IPPI, Routine
Immunization and Maternal
Care: National Report
A report prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2002 on the
nation-wide survey conducted to evaluate the coverage and people’s response to
Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization, Routine Immunization, and different
components of Maternal Care
MoHFW 2002
Coverage Evaluation Survey:
All India Report 2005
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services
UNICEF 2005
Coverage Evaluation Survey:
All India Report 2006
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services
UNICEF 2006
Coverage Evaluation Survey:
All India Report 2009
This Survey conducted by UNICEF in 2009 assesses the impact of NRHM strategies
on coverage levels of maternal, newborn and child-health services including
immunization among women and children. Employing a two-stage sampling
procedure, the survey covered all the States and Union Territories of India and was
conducted between November 2009 and January 2010
UNICEF 2009
8
Demographic, Programmatic,
and Socioeconomic Correlates
of Maternal Mortality in
Matlab, Bangladesh
Published by Pathfinder International in 2009, this working paper is based on a
study conducted in Matlab (a rural sub-district of Bangladesh) to investigate the
association between maternal mortality and demographic, programmatic and
socioeconomic factors using longitudinal data on nearly 143,000 pregnancy
outcomes collected during the period 1982-2002
USAID 2009
Developing Regional Experts
in Essential Maternal and
Newborn care: The MNH
Program Experience
This report published by JHPIEGO describes the Maternal and Neonatal Health
(MNH) Program initiative to develop groups of regional experts in maternal and
newborn health in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, summarizes the
lessons learned and recommendations to inform similar initiatives, and presents the
selected achievements for improving the quality of healthcare for women and
newborns
JHPIEGO 2004
Essential Delivery Care
Practices for Maternal and
Newborn Health and
Nutrition
Prepared by USAID and WHO PAHO in 2007, this document advocates for evidence-
based, cost-effective, safe and simple practices like active management of third
stage of labour, optimal timing of cord clamping, early initiation of breastfeeding
and skin-to-skin care contact to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, and
improve newborn and infant survival, health and nutrition
WHO/USAID 2007
Increasing Media Awareness on Maternal and Child Health Issues: Report of a Regional Workshop
Report of a regional workshop conducted by WHO SEARO to familiarize media
personnel on key issues related to maternal and child health, and to identify the
activities that could be done by them to help the cause of maternal and child health
within respective member countries
WHO – SEARO
2005
Key Elements of Postpartum
Care at the Community Level
Based on WHO Guidelines
This paper developed by the CATALYST consortium on request of USAID, provides
information on basic postpartum care for the normal mother and newborn at the
community level and is based on the WHO guidelines. It does not give information
USAID
9
on the management of complications
Making pregnancy safer: the
critical role of the skilled
attendant
A joint statement by the WHO, ICM and FIGO in 2004 advocating for the presence
of a skilled attendant for all women along the entire continuum of care during
pregnancy, childbirth and the immediate postnatal period in resource-constrained
settings. It also defines the skills/abilities required by a skilled attendant, coupled
with their education and training needs and the need for an enabling environment
WHO 2004
Maternal Health in India
Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of
maternal health in India, lists the interventions that work, and advocates actions for
improving their status
MCH-STAR
Maternal and Newborn Care Practices among the Urban Poor in Indore, India: Gaps, Reasons and Potential Program Options
Based on a study undertaken by the Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC), this
report funded by USAID and printed in 2007 describes the maternal-newborn care
practices and care of infants aged 2-4 months (feeding practices, morbidity status,
immunization status and nutritional status) in urban slum dwellings of Indore city in
Madhya Pradesh under the Urban Health Program run by UHRC. It also identifies
various factors facilitating and hindering optimal practices and suggests options for
improvement
USAID 2007
Meeting of development
partners: Maternal and
newborn health with a focus
on country implementation
This document describes the proceedings of a meeting organized in 2006 by the
WHO and SIDA. The meeting was held to explore better ways of coordinating
partner’s efforts, support member countries to implement evidence-based, cost-
effective interventions and accelerate progress in achieving the MDGs related to
maternal and newborn health and survival
WHO 2006
Monitoring and Evaluation of
Maternal and Newborn
Health and Services at the
Report of a technical consultation organized by the WHO in 2006 to improve
processes involved in effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of maternal and WHO 2006
10
District Level
newborn health at the district level. The meeting focused on sharing of innovative
programs/experiences of M&E, analysis of requirements, development of an
integrated approach, and drafting recommendations on how to move ahead
Monitoring emergency
obstetric care: A handbook
A handbook developed by the WHO in 2009 which summarizes the indicators that
can be used to assess, monitor and evaluate the availability, use and quality of
Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) at the programmatic level. It describes each
indicator and how it is constructed and used, their acceptable levels (if
appropriate), the background of the indicator, data collection, analysis and
interpretation, and suggestions for supplementary studies
WHO 2009
Operationalizing FRU’s:
Paving the way ahead
A brief summary of the achievements, key findings and recommendations of the
project undertaken by PHFI and partners to provide technical assistance to the
Government of Jharkhand for operationalizing First Referral Units in the state
MCH-STAR
Postpartum care of the
mother and newborn: a
practical guide
This WHO report details the needs of women and their newborn during the
postpartum period, the health challenges faced by them during the period, and the
response of the health care system to these needs and challenges. It attempts to
bring together evidence and the arguments for good practice in this field
WHO
Saving Women’s Lives:
Clinical and Community
Action to Address Postpartum
Hemorrhage
Published in 2009, this document provides information about an integrated package
of Clinical and Community Action Model developed by Pathfinder International to
address the full spectrum of clinical and social causes of post-partum hemorrhage
morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings
Pathfinder International
2009
Saving the lives of children
under age 5: State of the
World’s Mothers 2007
This eighth annual report on ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save the
Children in 2007 focuses on deaths of children under the age of 5 years and brings
to attention low-cost solutions with greatest potential to save the lives of mother
Save the Children
2007
11
and children. It also tracks the progress of different countries on mother-child
survival indicators
Shaping policy for Maternal
and Newborn health: A
compendium of case studies
Published by the JHPIEGO in 2003, this compendium of case studies describes
successful approaches taken by the civil society and non-governmental
organizations in influencing national policy in maternal and newborn health. Each
case study presents a strategy for achieving or influencing policy change, details of
the implementation process, and a discussion of results
JHPIRGO 2003
Short Programme Review:
Child Health Programme in
Rajasthan 2010
Report of a 5-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR
Jaipur with support from UNOPS-NIPI in September 2010, to assess the status of
child health program in Rajasthan. Based on a package developed at the global
level, this initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH),
reviews the goals, objectives, interventions and activities of child health program
along the continuum of care process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and
recommends actions to decision-makers for improving program effectiveness
IIHMR 2010
The Global Campaign for the
Health Millennium
Development Goals 2010:
Putting the Global strategy
for Women’s and Children’s
Health into action
This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development
Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in
putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This
Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in
September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations
USAID 2010
12
The State of the World’s
Children 2009: Maternal and
Newborn Health
The 2009 annual report by UNICEF focuses on maternal and neonatal health. It
analyzes the status, trend and causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and
morbidity in the world, explores the successful programs and policies for creating a
supporting environment and continuum of care across time and location, and
advocates strengthening of health systems and partnerships for improving maternal
and neonatal health
UNICEF 2009
Tracking progress in Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival: The 2008 Report
This report was developed by the ‘Countdown to 2015’ collaboration to track
coverage of interventions needed to attain MDGs 4 and 5 (and parts of MDGs 1, 6,
and 7) in 68 priority countries of the world bearing the highest burden of maternal
and child mortality. It also takes stock of progress in maternal and child survival,
identifies gaps in knowledge, and proposes new actions to achieve these MDGs
UNICEF 2008
WHO Antenatal care
randomized trial: Manual for
the implementation of the
new model
This manual describes the principles, overview and components of the WHO
antenatal care model (with lower number of ANC visits compared to the standard
model), the findings of a multi-centre RCT of this model and results from an earlier
systematic review. It also provides guidance on how to conduct the four-visit
schedule of the new model for the management of pregnant women who do not
have evidence of any complication or risk factor
WHO 2002
Why are Maternal Mortality
Rates Lower in the MCH-FP
Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?
The Role of Pregnancy
Outcomes
Published in 2009, this study by Pathfinder International compares maternal
mortality in the Maternal Child Health-Family Planning project (MCH-FP) in Matlab
(a rural sub-district of Bangladesh) and government-served Comparison Areas to
assess the impact of the project on maternal mortality, and, if so, the extent to
which differences between the areas in pregnancy outcomes and their case-fatality
rates explain the maternal mortality difference
Pathfinder International
2009
13
Women on the front lines of Health Care: State of the World’s Mothers 2010
The eleventh annual report on the ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save
the Children in 2010 focuses on the critical shortage of health workers and shows
how investments in training and deploying female health workers have paid-off in
terms of lives saved and illnesses averted. It points to the availability of low-cost,
low-tech solutions that could save millions more lives, provided they were more
widely available and used
Save the Children
2010
Training Child anaemia training
module
A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of UP and
Jharkhand developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. This module
provides basic information about child and maternal anemia in UP/Jharkhand, and
builds capacity of these workers to effectively deliver the service components
including counseling to the clients and their family members
USAID
Counselling for maternal and newborn health: A handbook for building skills
This handbook was developed by the WHO in 2008 to strengthen counselling and
communication skills of health care providers and help them to effectively convey
to women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy,
childbirth, postpartum and postnatal care
WHO 2008
Government Training – Asha
Prashikshako ke liye
Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1
(HINDI)
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are
designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in
Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part
reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field
of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A
of Module 7).
NHSRC 2010
Government Training – This manual for a 2-day training course was developed by the MoHFW in NIHFW 2010
14
Foundation course for re-
orientation in Basic
Emergency (Essential)
Obstetric Care: Trainees
Manual
collaboration with NIHFW and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) in 2010
to complement the ongoing SBA training programme. Aimed at improving and
updating existing knowledge and skills of service providers (Medical Officers, Staff
nurses, ANMs) in providing Basic Essential Obstetric Care, the course is divided into
nine modules to help the health care provider understand the complications of
child birth and their possible solutions
Government Training – Notes for ASHA Trainers: Part 1
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of
trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The
notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of
ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn
health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).
NHSRC 2010
Government Training-- A
handbook for Auxiliary Nurse
Midwives, Lady Health
Visitors and Staff Nurses
(NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this handbook for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and
Staff Nurses (SNs) contains information on the check-lists and case studies on the
skills that the Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) is expected to master to provide quality
care during pregnancy and child birth
MoHFW 2010
Government Training-- Life
saving anesthetic skills for
Emergency Obstetric Care:
Log book for trainees
Developed by the MOHFW and AIIMS, this logbook is part of a training to equip the
MBBS doctors with necessary skills and competencies to manage cases requiring life
saving emergency obstetric care at the FRUs through a short course. It would also
assist the trainers in assessing performance of participants and identifying their
deficiencies to improve them during the training period
MoHFW
Government Training--
Trainer's Guide for
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this guide is designed to support systematic and methodological training of MoHFW 2010
15
Conducting Training of
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives,
Lady Health Visitors and Staff
Nurses (NEW)
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Staff Nurses (SNs)
in provision of skilled care during pregnancy and child birth. It provides instructions
for the trainer on how to plan and operationalize the health facility for conducting
the SBA training, how to conduct each session and use appropriate teaching aids
Infection prevention practices
in Emergency Obstetric Care
This booklet by Engender Health describes the aseptic practices recommended in
specific Emergency Obstetric Care procedures and provides information on options
and acceptable modifications to routine practice during emergency
Engender Health
2003
Maternal anemia training
module
A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of Jharkhand
developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. The aim of this one day
training is to develop the capacity of front line workers in Jharkhand to effectively
deliver services for the control of maternal anemia
A2Z, USAID - Micronutrien
t Project
Training Curriculum for
Traditional Birth Attendants
This document developed by RACHNA and USAID provides guidance to the trainers
about the preparation, curriculum and the activities required during the training of
Traditional Birth Attendants on improving maternal and newborn health
RACHNA and USAID
2002
Scientific Articles
A study for assessing birth
preparedness and
complication readiness
intervention in Rewa District
of Madhya Pradesh
A study conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, S.S Medical College,
Madhya Pradesh in 2008-09 with support from NIHFW to assess the status of birth
preparedness and complication readiness interventions in the Rewa district of MP.
Using cluster sampling technique, the survey evaluated the availability of resources,
the knowledge and skills of health providers, and awareness and knowledge of
pregnant women and families regarding birth preparedness
NIHFW 2009
A systematic review of inequalities in the use of maternal health care in developing countries:
A systematic review published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in
2007 to assess the extent of variation in the use of key maternal health care
interventions in developing countries according to women’s place of residence and
WHO 2007
16
examining the scale of the problem and the importance of context
her socio-economic status. It further analyses these variations depending upon the
strength of evidence and investigates their contextual circumstances
Alternative strategies to
reduce maternal mortality in
India: a cost-effectiveness
analysis (NEW)
Published in PLoS Medicine in 2010, this article estimates the health and economic
outcomes of various strategies to reduce maternal mortality in India. Using
computer-based modeling that simulates women through pregnancy and child
birth, the researchers estimated the effect of various strategies (family planning,
safe abortion, access to obstetric care, etc) on clinical outcomes (pregnancies,
deliveries, live births, etc), costs and cost-effectiveness in India
BIOMED - PLoS
Medicine 2010
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series (Part 4):
Reducing stillbirths: screening
and monitoring during
pregnancy and labour
This is the fourth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009.
This systematic review analyzes the available published evidence for the impact of
14 screening and monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth, including
identification and management of high-risk pregnancies, advanced monitoring
techniques, and monitoring of labour
Journal BMC Pregnancy &
Child Birth 2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series (Part 5):
Reducing stillbirths:
interventions during labour
This fifth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for eight interventions delivered during childbirth.
These interventions include care primarily provided at secondary and tertiary level
large teaching/research hospitals with surgical capacity, that are of potential
benefit for perinatal health and prevention of stillbirths
Journal BMC Pregnancy &
Child Birth 2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 1):
3.2 million stillbirths:
epidemiology and overview
of the evidence review
This first article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009 outlines
issues in the availability and quality of data related to stillbirths, and the global
epidemiology of stillbirths. It further describes the methodology and framework
used for the subsequent systematic reviews of interventions and strategies to
prevent stillbirths
Journal BMC Pregnancy &
Child Birth 2009
17
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 2):
Reducing stillbirths:
behavioural and nutritional
interventions before and
during pregnancy
This second article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for non-clinical interventions (behavioural and
nutritional interventions) with a biologically plausible impact on stillbirth incidence
that can be delivered via reproductive health or ANC services before or during
pregnancy. The review focuses on interventions targeting socially mediated risk
factors for stillbirth and which can be delivered in low and middle income countries
at the community level
Journal BMC Pregnancy &
Child Birth 2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 3):
Reducing stillbirths:
prevention and management
of medical disorders and
infections during pregnancy
This third article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for 16 antenatal interventions to address the
known clinical risk factors for stillbirths that are treatable or preventable during
antenatal period. The risk factors such as infections, malaria, lack of access to
health facilities and poor antenatal care were reviewed.
Journal BMC Pregnancy &
Child Birth 2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 6):
Delivering interventions to
reduce the global burden of
stillbirths: improving service
supply and community
demand
This last article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for community and health systems approaches to
improve uptake and quality of antenatal and intrapartum care for reducing
stillbirths. It further synthesizes programme and policy recommendations for how
best to deliver evidence-based interventions at the community and the facility
levels, across the continuum of care.
Journal BMC Pregnancy &
Child Birth 2009
Child Survival and Safe
Motherhood Program in
Rajasthan
A community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004 in a rural area of
Rajasthan as a field exercise by the participants of a Field Epidemiology Training
Program to estimate the immunization coverage under the Universal Immunization
Program and the reasons for their failure, and to evaluate the status of antenatal
care and delivery practices including immunization coverage of Tetanus toxoid.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
2006
18
Community-based
Interventions for Improving
Perinatal and Neonatal
Health Outcomes in
Developing Countries: A
Review of the Evidence
Published in 2005, this systematic review of community-based antenatal,
intrapartum, and postnatal trials (both RCTs and quazi-randomized trials) aims to
identify interventions with sufficient evidence of success for inclusion in
community-based neonatal care programs in developing countries, to identify gaps
in knowledge, and to suggest priority areas for future research and program
learning.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
2005
Comparison of domiciliary and institutional delivery care practices in rural Rajasthan, India
A retrospective cross-sectional study published in 2009 to assess key childbirth
practices, compare the roles of care providers attending domiciliary and
institutional deliveries, and to estimate care provider-preferences and costs
incurred by families seeking maternal and newborn care in rural Rajasthan, India.
Journal of Health
Population and Nutrition
2009
Direct cost of maternity-care services in south Delhi: a community survey (NEW)
Published in the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition in 2009, this article
documents the findings of a community survey conducted in Delhi to estimate the
direct maternity care expenses for women who recently delivered in southern part
of the city, and explore its socio-demographic associations.
Journal of Health,
Population and Nutrition
2009
Emergency Obstetric Care
and Referral: Experience of
Two Midwife-led Health
Centres in Rural Rajasthan,
India
This article documents the experience of two Primary Health Centers from the
interior rural areas of Rajasthan where trained nurse-midwives are providing skilled
maternal and newborn care round the clock, and its result in terms of maternal and
neonatal deaths.
ARTH 2009
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 1) -
Maternal mortality: who,
when, where, and why
This first article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 provides systematic
global estimate of the burden, geographical distribution, timing and major causes of
maternal deaths occurring worldwide, along with the factors responsible for
inequalities in the risk of maternal deaths.
LANCET 2006
19
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 2) -
Strategies for Reducing
Maternal Mortality: Getting
on with What Works
The second article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the
research-informed strategic choices available for reducing maternal mortality,
advocates the primary care/health centre intrapartum-care strategy backed up by
access to referral-level facilities as the best bet to bring down high maternal
mortality, and discusses the delays and priority issues for safe motherhood
programming.
LANCET 2006
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 3) - Going to
Scale with Professional Skilled
Care
The third article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the
obstacles/gaps to the expansion of quality maternal care, the importance of
training, deployment and retention of health workers for improving coverage of
care, and advocates teams of providers as an efficient option for scaling up
coverage of maternal care.
LANCET 2006
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 4) -
Mobilizing Financial
Resources for Maternal
Health
This fourth article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 explains the case for
investment in maternal health, considers ways to channelize financial resources for
maternal health within countries, and examines the limitations and successes of
financial mechanisms and alternative methods in improving quality of care and
ensuring access to the poor.
LANCET 2006
Maternal Healthcare
Financing: Gujarat’s
Chiranjeevi Scheme and its
Beneficiaries
Chiranjeevi Scheme is a public-private partnership developed by the state of
Gujarat to provide institutional delivery, specifically emergency obstetric care for
the poor. This case study explores the targeting of the scheme, its coverage, socio
economic profile of the beneficiaries, and to assess financial protec¬tion offered by
the scheme in one of the initial pilot districts.
Journal of Health
Population and Nutrition
2009
20
Maternal health situation in
India: a case study
This case study published in 2009 evaluates the status of maternal health in India
including the national maternal health programs, trends in maternal mortality, the
healthcare-delivery system at different levels, and the recent innovative strategies.
It also identifies reasons for limited success and suggests measures to rectify them.
Journal of Health
Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No.
2
2009
National estimates for
maternal mortality: an
analysis based on the WHO
systematic review of
maternal mortality and
morbidity
Published in 2005 in the journal BMC Public Health, this article analyzes the
nationally representative estimates of maternal mortality across the globe derived
from a systematic review conducted earlier by the WHO (to provide standardized
data on incidence/prevalence of maternal morbidity and mortality), and evaluates
the association between study-specific and country-specific variables with the
existing maternal mortality estimates using regression modeling.
BMC Public Health
2005
Pregnancy-related Deaths in
Rural Rajasthan, India:
Exploring Causes, Context,
and Care-seeking Through
Verbal Autopsy
Published in 2009, this verbal autopsy study identifies the major causes of death
among women of reproductive age group in rural Rajasthan, describes their care-
seeking patterns, and assesses the influence of social, economic and gender factors
on the care-seeking behaviour.
Journal of Health,
Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No.
2
2009
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: Impact on
economic growth of investing
in maternal–newborn health
(Part 3)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the
evidence of the impact on economic growth of investments in maternal-newborn
health.
WHO 2006
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO WHO 2006
21
households: economic
vulnerability and social
implications (Part 1)
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper reviews evidence base on economic
vulnerability and social implications in relation to maternal-newborn ill health, and
highlights major gaps in this evidence base.
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: the costs of
maternal newborn illness and
mortality (Part 2)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the
estimation of the cost of illness related to maternal–newborn ill-health.
WHO 2006
Statistical Publication
Antenatal care in developing
countries. Promises,
achievements and missed
opportunities: An analysis of
trends, levels and
differentials
Published in 2003, this paper prepared by WHO and UNICEF provides a detailed
report of the trends in antenatal care in the developing countries during the period
1990-2000, with analysis of their achievements and missed opportunities. The data
was usually obtained from household surveys and does not give information on the
content and quality of services.
WHO 2003
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
22
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI
Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to
reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted
to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Rajasthan (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Consolidated report (NIPI
Report)
Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states
of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India
Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve
maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and
related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,
2009
23
assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project
implementation.
Coverage Evaluation Survey:
All India Report 2005
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.
UNICEF 2005
Coverage Evaluation Survey:
All India Report 2006
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.
UNICEF 2006
Fact sheet All States
This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators
and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and
TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS
Bulletins and from Census 2001.
NHSRC
Tracking progress in
Maternal, Newborn and Child
Survival: India 2008 report
The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the
progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn
Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based
on the latest data from the country.
2008
24
TOPIC: NEWBORN CHILD HEALTH
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policy, Program, Guidelines
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for Antenatal Care
and Skilled Attendance at
Birth by ANMs/LHVs/SNs
(NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this guideline provides comprehensive, evidence-based information to reorient the
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Staff Nurses (SNs), and Lady Health Visitors
(LHVs) to provide skilled care during pregnancy and childbirth. The chief objective is
to strengthen and operationalize the 24X7 PHCs and designated FRUs in handling
Basic and Comprehensive Obstetric Care including Care at Birth.
MoHFW 2010
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for
Operationalizating SBA
Training in RCH II
This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division of MOHFW in
2007 for program managers and in-charges of training institutes at district and state
level to standardize planning of SBA training, ensure its effective management, and
to help these personnel identify their specific roles and responsibilities in
conducting this training.
MoHFW 2007
Government Guidelines --
Operational Guidelines on
Maternal and Newborn
Health (NEW)
Developed by the NHSRC of MoHFW in 2010, these guidelines specify the package
of maternal and child health services to be provided at each level of health facility
along with their quality parameters, proposes a supervisory structure and an
external system of assessment to ensure the delivery of these services, and
describes the institutional linkages and community support required to enable the
states and districts develop outcome based plans for reducing maternal and
newborn mortality.
NHSRC, MoHFW
2010
25
Guidelines on 8 key evidence
based practices during labour
Prepared by the Government of Rajasthan in coordination with ARTH, UNICEF AND
UNFPA, this document examines the research evidence on 8 key practices during
labor and delivery care, and provides evidence based recommendations on
interventions required to support processes of normal birth.
Integrated health facility
assessment manual: Using
local planning to improve the
quality of child care at health
facilities
Developed by USAID under its global project BASICS for child survival, this manual
outlines the key steps for planning and conducting an integrated assessment at the
outpatient health facilities in developing countries. It is designed to be a local-level
planning tool for primary health care programs planning to integrate child health
services.
USAID
Kangaroo Mother Care: A
Practical Guide
This document developed by the WHO in 2003 describes the method of Kangaroo
Mother Care for the care of stable low-birth-weight and preterm infants. It provides
guidance to the health professionals and decision makers on how to organize
services at the referral level, and on what is needed to provide effective kangaroo
mother care.
Available at
NCHRC:
CH0122
Available at
NCHRC:
CH0122
2003
Kangaroo Mother Care: An
Alternative to Conventional
Care
This protocol developed by AIIMS in 2008 provides an overview of Kangaroo
Mother Care (KMC), its components, clinical benefits and easy application for care
of low birth weight babies in different settings. It further details the process of
initiation of KMC and explains the procedure for giving KMC appropriately.
AIIMS (WHO Collaborating
Centre for Newborn
care)
2008
Kangaroo Mother Care:
Clinical practice guidelines
Published by the KMC India Network in 2004 with support from Save the Children
and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, this clinical practice guideline provides
information on the components and benefits of Kangaroo Mother Care, the
eligibility criteria and preparation before starting the procedure, and the various
WHO 2004
26
activities to be performed for the procedure and during follow-up.
Newborn Health Policy and
Planning Framework:
Overview for Policy Makers
(Part I)
Developed by the WHO in 2005, this framework is to provide assistance to countries
with a high burden of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing strategies for
improving newborn health that are integrated with the maternal and child health
plans. Part 1 of the framework provides an overview of the process of developing
the newborn health component of a health strategy.
WHO 2005
Operational guidelines for
Yashoda/Mamta: An enabling
intervention for quality
maternal and newborn care
at the facility level
Developed by NIPI in 2010, this guideline provides a standardized framework to
facilitate the expansion of the Yashoda/Mamta intervention in the 4 states of Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan. Yashoda/Mamta is a non-medical,
voluntary support worker placed at hospitals with high delivery load to create a
congenial environment for the mother and the newborn in the facility, and to
counsel the mother about good newborn care practices at home.
NIPI 2010
Sepsis in the Newborn
This is a protocol developed by AIIMS in 2008 on neonatal sepsis, the main cause of
neonatal mortality in India. It gives guidance for diagnosis, investigations and
effective management of sepsis in newborns including supportive care,
antimicrobial therapy and adjunctive therapy.
Newborn WHO
Collaborating Centre
2008
Standards for maternal and
neonatal care
A set of user-friendly leaflets developed as part of the WHO’s Integrated
Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth Care (IMPAC) package to improve the
health and survival of women and their newborn babies during pregnancy,
childbirth and the postnatal period. Standards for health facilities have been
prescribed to enable provision of minimum essential care for all mothers and
newborns.
WHO 2006
27
The Healthy Newborn: A
reference manual for
program managers
Developed by CARE and CDC, this reference manual for the program managers gives
an overview of the global newborn health issues, provides information on
systematic approach to analyzing data, identifying problems and selecting
interventions, and outlines the principles for effectively implementing newborn
health interventions along with the different intervention packages.
CARE / CDC
Working with individuals,
families and communities to
improve Maternal and
Newborn health
This WHO document published in 2003 gives a framework for the interventions at
the level of individuals, families and communities to improve and increase their
control over maternal and newborn health, as well as to increase the access and
utilization of quality health services, particularly those provided by the skilled
attendants.
WHO 2003
Technical Publication
A Closer Look at Child
Mortality Among Adivasis in
India
A health policy research working paper from the World Bank in 2010 which analyzes
data from the National Family Health Survey 2005 (NFHS 3) to present age-specific
patterns of child mortality among the tribal population (adivasi population) in India. World Bank 2010
Accelerating Progress
Towards Achieving Maternal
and Child Health Millenium
Development Goals (MDGs) 4
and 5 in South-East Asia
A report of the WHO SEARO sponsored high-level consultation of member countries
of South East Asia region held in 2008 at Ahmedabad. The objective of the meeting
was to review progress and identify barriers to achieving MDGs 4 & 5, share
information on evidence-based best practices and interventions, and agree on
multi-sectoral framework for accelerating and sustaining the achievement of MDGs
4 & 5.
WHO South-East Asia Region
2008
Achieving the Millennium
Development Goals: The Role A health policy research working paper from the World Bank in 2003 analyzing the
data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to evaluate determinants of three World Bank 2003
28
of Infrastructure child health outcomes related to the MDGs – the infant mortality rate, the child
mortality rate, and the prevalence of malnutrition.
Activities by State Health
Societies in Orissa, Bihar,
Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan under Norway
India Partnership Initiative
(NIPI): Program Update 2009
This program update of 2009 describes briefly the various activities undertaken by
the four State Health Societies of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
under the NIPI program. The focus of NIPI program is on improving newborn and
child health in the five NRHM states which contribute to 60% of the total child
mortality.
2009
Addis Ababa declaration for
Global Newborn Health A declaration made by the Healthy Newborn Partnership during the Addis Ababa
conference in 2004 urging all partners and countries to strengthen activities and
develop a multi-pronged approach for achieving 50% reduction in neonatal
mortality by 2015. The Healthy Newborn Partnership advocates improvements in
newborn health care, particularly in settings where newborn deaths are common.
Population and Health Infoshare
2004
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Consolidated Report
(NIPI Report)
Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states
of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India
Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve
maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and
related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,
NIPI 2009
29
assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project
implementation.
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI
Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to
reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted
to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Baseline Survey on Child and
Related Maternal Health
Care: Rajasthan (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Beyond survival: Integrated
delivery care practices for
long-term maternal and
infant Nutrition, Health and
This document by WHO PAHO focuses on 3 key practices for continuum of maternal
newborn care at the community level – delayed cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact,
and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. It reviews the current evidence on
Pan
American
Health
2007
30
Development the nutritional and health benefits of these interventions followed by discussion on
the feasibility of their implementation.
Organization
Birth preparedness and
complication readiness: A
matrix of shared
responsibilities
This document is a programmatic cum advocacy tool developed in 2001 outlining
the plans and actions that can be implemented at various levels (policy maker,
facility, provider, community, family, woman) to prevent delays and help ensure the
safety and well-being of the mother and her newborn throughout pregnancy, labor,
childbirth, and the postpartum period.
2001
Book of Proceedings:
Technical Advisory Group
Consultation for improving
Newborn and Child Survival in
India
This document summarizes the proceedings of the 3-day technical advisory group
consultation meeting organized by Save the Children in November 2010. The
meeting was held to develop a strategic plan for India on newborn and child
survival using a participatory approach among a cross-section of leading experts
from government and non-government organizations, academia and civil society
organizations.
Save the
Children 2010
CLICS: Final evaluation report The final evaluation report of the USAID funded CLICS project (Community Led
Initiatives for Child Survival) conducted by Aga Khan Foundation USA. Based on the
principles of social franchising and community participation, this project was
implemented in 67 villages of Maharashtra by the Department of Community
Medicine, MGIMS Sevagram.
CLICS 2008
CLICS: Capacity building of
Village Coordination
Committee
This document gives a brief description of the USAID funded CLICS project
(Community Led Initiatives for Child Survival) including its basic framework and
objectives, the various capacity building activities undertaken to empower the
Village Coordination Committee in the project, and discuss the lessons and
CLICS
31
sustainability issues likely to affect and impact similar programs.
Child health in India Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of
child health in India, lists the interventions that work, and advocates actions for
improving their status.
MCH-STAR
Community-based
interventions that improve
newborn health outcomes: a
review of evidence in South
Asia
A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. This paper reviews the community-based interventions for improving
newborn health. The process involved identification of relevant interventions
through electronic/grey literature search, selection of interventions using pre-
defined criteria, and review of the selected interventions by a group of technical
experts.
USAID 2008
Community-level
interventions to prevent and
treat anaemia: A Review of
Evidence from India
A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of
USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document
outlines the review on community-level interventions for anemia prevention and
treatment, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the
recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after
analysis of the interventions
USAID 2008
32
Coverage Evaluation Survey:
All India Report 2009 This Survey conducted by UNICEF in 2009 assesses the impact of NRHM strategies
on coverage levels of maternal, newborn and child-health services including
immunization among women and children. Employing a two-stage sampling
procedure, the survey covered all the States and Union Territories of India and was
conducted between November 2009 and January 2010.
UNICEF 2009
Developing regional experts
in essential Maternal and
Newborn care: The MNH
Program Experience
This report published by JHPIEGO describes the Maternal and Neonatal Health
(MNH) Program initiative to develop groups of regional experts in maternal and
newborn health in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, summarizes the
lessons learned and recommendations to inform similar initiatives, and presents the
selected achievements for improving the quality of healthcare for women and
newborns.
JHPIEGO 2004
Dhaka resolution for Global
Newborn Health, Dhaka,
Bangladesh 3-5 February
2003
A declaration made by the Healthy Newborn Partnership during the Dhaka
conference in 2003 urging all partners and countries to strengthen efforts for
reducing neonatal deaths across the globe with particular focus on Asian region.
The Healthy Newborn Partnership advocates improvements in newborn health
care, particularly in settings where newborn deaths are common.
2003
Entry into this World: Who
Should Assist? Birth
Attendants and Newborn
Health
Published by BASICS II project of the USAID, this document advocates for upgrading
the skills of the existing Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) in managing both the
mother and the baby, to supply them with the necessary resources, and implement
suitable interventions to achieve the required behaviors in the community for
improving newborn health
BASICS II /
USAID 2004
Essential Delivery Care
Practices for Maternal and Prepared by USAID and WHO PAHO in 2007, this document advocates for evidence-
based, cost-effective, safe and simple practices like active management of third
WHO/USAID 2007
33
Newborn Health and
Nutrition
stage of labour, optimal timing of cord clamping, early initiation of breastfeeding
and skin-to-skin care contact to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, and
improve newborn and infant survival, health and nutrition.
First Meeting of the South-
East Asia Region Expert
Group on Child Health and
Development
A report of the first meeting of the South-East Asia Region Expert Group on Child
health and development held in 2008 by WHO-SEARO. The meeting aimed to
develop a regional strategy for action, apprise the group about the proposed
Integrated Control of Diarrhea and Respiratory Infections Program, and plan for the
upcoming high-level consultation meet to accelerate progress for MDGs 4 & 5.
WHO -
SEARO
2008
Home visits for the newborn
child: a strategy to improve
survival
This joint statement by the WHO and UNICEF in 2009 advocates for home visits in
the baby’s first week of life to improve newborn survival. It gives evidence-based
recommendations regarding the rationale behind home visits including its timing
and frequency, the role of health care provider and their tasks during home visits,
the program components required by countries for implementing this strategy, and
the type of support offered by the WHO and UNICEF in implementing the strategy.
WHO
2009
Household to Hospital
Continuum of Maternal and
Newborn Care
A policy brief developed by the ACCESS program of USAID in 2005 advocating for
continuum of maternal newborn care from the community to the facility. It
describes the need to strengthen maternal newborn care in the community, ways
to develop linkages between the community and the facility, and various activities
required for strengthening the process of continuum of care
USAID
2005
Identifying priorities for child
health research to achieve
Millennium Development
Goal 4:Consultation
Proceedings
This document describes the proceedings of a consultation meeting organized by
the WHO in 2009 to identify research issues of highest priority and their sources of
support in order to accelerate work towards achieving the MDG 4. The Child Health
and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) methodology was used to identify priority
WHO
2009
34
research questions in areas of main causes of under-5 deaths, and also for priority
setting in health research investments.
Improving Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health in
the South-East Asia Region
Developed on the eve of the World Health Day 2005, this report by WHO SEARO
gives an overview of the maternal, newborn and under-5 child health status in the
11 member countries of the region, the diverse challenges faced by them, and the
efforts underway to overcome these challenges.
WHO-SEARO
2005
Improving neonatal health in
South-East Asia Region:
Report of Regional
Consultation
A report of the South-East Asia Regional Consultation jointly organized by the WHO
SEARO, USAID and WHO-CC for Newborn Health, AIIMS in 2002. During the
consultation experts discussed policy and strategies for reducing neonatal mortality
in the region.
WHO -
SEARO
2002
Increasing media awareness
on Maternal and Child health
issues: Report of a regional
workshop
Report of a regional workshop conducted by WHO SEARO to familiarize media
personnel on key issues related to maternal and child health, and to identify the
activities that could be done by them to help the cause of maternal and child health
within respective member countries.
WHO -SEARO
2005
Integrating Essential
Newborn Care into countries’
policies and programs
A policy brief produced in 2003 through collaboration between the Population
Reference Bureau and Save the Children’s Saving Newborn Lives initiative. This
document outlines SNL’s experiences for improving newborn health in different
countries, and advocates integration of newborn care into the existing safe
motherhood and child survival programs for improved newborn survival.
Save the
Children /
Population
Reference
Bureau
2003
Investing to Save Newborn
Lives This document estimates the costs of implementing the package of 16 evidence-
based interventions for improved neonatal survival, and advocates for additional
Investing to
Save
Newborn
2006
35
investment for reducing newborn deaths regionally and globally. Lives
Maternal and Newborn Care
Practices among the Urban
Poor in Indore, India: Gaps,
Reasons and Potential
Program Options
Based on a study undertaken by the Urban Health Resource Centre (UHRC), this
report funded by USAID and printed in 2007 describes the maternal-newborn care
practices and care of infants aged 2-4 months (feeding practices, morbidity status,
immunization status and nutritional status) in urban slum dwellings of Indore city in
Madhya Pradesh under the Urban Health Program run by UHRC. It also identifies
various factors facilitating and hindering optimal practices and suggests options for
improvement.
USAID
2007
Maternal and Newborn
Health and Nutrition
Practices in Select Districts of
Jharkhand (Part 3)
A series of technical reports developed by the Vistaar Project of USAID
documenting the results of survey conducted in selected districts of Jharkhand in
2008-09. This report describes the findings of a baseline survey conducted in five (5)
districts of the state to assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant and recently
delivered women regarding antenatal, delivery, postnatal, newborn and infant care,
the levels of anemia, and the nutritional status of children.
USAID -
Vistaar
Project
2008
Maternal and Newborn
Health and Nutrition
Practices in Select Districts of
Jharkhand (Part 4)
A series of technical reports developed by the Vistaar Project of USAID
documenting the results of survey conducted in selected districts of Jharkhand in
2008-09. This report describes the findings of a baseline survey conducted in eight
(8) districts of the state to assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant and
recently delivered women regarding antenatal, delivery, postnatal, newborn and
infant care, the levels of anemia, and the nutritional status of children.
USAID -
Vistaar
Project
2008
Meeting of development
partners: Maternal and
newborn health with a focus
on country implementation
This document describes the proceedings of a meeting organized in 2006 by the
WHO and SIDA. The meeting was held to explore better ways of coordinating
partner’s efforts, support member countries to implement evidence-based, cost-
WHO
2006
36
effective interventions and accelerate progress in achieving the MDGs related to
maternal and newborn health and survival.
Monitoring and Evaluation of
Maternal and Newborn
Health and Services at the
District Level
Report of a technical consultation organized by the WHO in 2006 to improve
processes involved in effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of maternal and
newborn health at the district level. The meeting focused on sharing of innovative
programs/experiences of M&E, analysis of requirements, development of an
integrated approach, and drafting recommendations on how to move ahead.
WHO
2006
Neonatal mortality and
newborn care in India
Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of
neonatal health in India, lists the interventions that work, and advocates actions for
improving their status.
MCH-STAR
Newborn Care: an overview
This working paper was published by the UNICEF ROSA in 2004 to document and
analyze evidence-based practices and programs that have been successful in
improving newborn health in the South Asia region.
UNICEF 2004
Newborn Survival: Time for
action
An advocacy paper developed by the Healthy Newborn Partnership in 2002 urging
for substantial reduction in neonatal mortality by adopting proven, cost-effective
newborn care practices and services at the family and the community level.
2002
Newborn care at the
community level
The second part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child
health and nutrition in India. This document on briefly describes the burden of
neonatal deaths and its specific causes, and the different strategies that can be
used to reduce the burden of these deaths with management at the community
level.
CARE
37
Postpartum Care of the
Mother and Newborn: A
Practical Guide
This WHO report details the needs of women and their newborn during the
postpartum period, the health challenges faced by them during the period, and the
response of the health care system to these needs and challenges. It attempts to
bring together evidence and the arguments for good practice in this field.
WHO
Qualitative research to
improve newborn care
practices
Developed in 2004 by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children, this
document provides guidance on how to conduct qualitative research and plan a
BCC strategy to improve newborn care practices. It gives information on evidence-
based best practices, methods of identifying practices/constraints and target
audience, how to assess decision making, and procedures of qualitative research
including data analysis and BCC planning and programming.
Save the
Children
2004
Reaching out to the Child: An
Integrated Approach to Child
Development
Developed by the World Bank in 2004, this report draws on the results of five
specially commissioned studies to analyze varied aspects of children’s development
in diverse poverty contexts, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It provides
an overview of the child health status, identifies reasons for limited impact of
interventions, and suggests recommendations and framework for an integrated
approach to child health.
World Bank
2004
Reducing incidence of Low
Birth Weight using a
community based life cycle
strategy: study protocol
This document is the protocol of a quasi-experimental study conducted in Ranchi
district of Jharkhand state which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of life-cycle
based community level behavioral interventions in reducing the incidence of low
birth weight and improving maternal and child health. Developed in 2006, the study
and protocol is led by a group of NGOs including CINI, Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra and
Social Initiatives Group of ICICI Bank.
HETV -
Health
Education to
Villages
2006
38
Saving the lives of children
under age 5: State of the
World’s Mothers 2007
This eighth annual report on ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save the
Children in 2007 focuses on deaths of children under the age of 5 years and brings
to attention low-cost solutions with greatest potential to save the lives of mother
and children. It also tracks the progress of different countries on mother-child
survival indicators.
Save the
Children
2007
Shaping policy for Maternal
and Newborn health: a
compendium of case studies
Published by the JHPIEGO in 2003, this compendium of case studies describes
successful approaches taken by the civil society and non-governmental
organizations in influencing national policy in maternal and newborn health. Each
case study presents a strategy for achieving or influencing policy change, details of
the implementation process, and a discussion of results.
JHPIEGO
2003
Short Programme Review:
Child Health Programme in
Bihar 2011
A report of the 5 -day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR
Jaipur with support from UNOPS-NIPI and UNICEF in March 2011, to assess the
status of child health program in Bihar. Based on a package developed at the global
level, this initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH)
involves the state program managers and reviews the goals, objectives,
interventions and activities of child health program along the continuum of care
process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and recommends actions to
decision-makers for improving program effectiveness.
IIHMR Jaipur
2011
Short Programme Review:
Child Health Programme in
Karnataka 2011
A report of the 3-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IHMR
Bangalore with support from UNICEF in February 2011, to assess the status of child
health program in Karnataka. Based on a package developed at the global level, this
initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH) involves the
state program managers and reviews the goals, objectives, interventions and
activities of child health program along the continuum of care process, identifies
IHMR
Bangalore
2011
39
areas requiring strengthening, and recommends actions to decision-makers for
improving program effectiveness.
Short Programme Review:
Child Health Programme in
Rajasthan 2010
A Report of the 5-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR
Jaipur with support from UNOPS-NIPI in September 2010, to assess the status of
child health program in Rajasthan. Based on a package developed at the global
level, this initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-
CH)involves the state program managers and reviews the goals, objectives,
interventions and activities of child health program along the continuum of care
process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and recommends actions to
decision-makers for improving program effectiveness.
IIHMR Jaipur
2010
State of India’s Newborns
Developed by NNF and Saving Newborn Lives in partnership with MOHFW and
other partners in 2004, this report summarizes the key elements of the
epidemiology of newborn health and survival in India, traces the evolution of
newborn care initiatives in the Government and non-Government sectors, projects
a vision for improved newborn health for near future, and analyses core issues
critical to an accelerated march towards that vision.
Save the
Children
2004
State of the India’s Newborns
– a synopsis This synopsis of the State of the India’s Newborns report (2004) was prepared by
the NNF in partnership with the MOHFW, UNICEF, WHO SEARO, World Bank and
Save the Children.
Save the
Children 2004
40
State of the World’s Children
2008: Child Survival The 2008 annual report by UNICEF focuses on Child Survival. It analyzes the status,
trend and causes of under-5 mortality and morbidity in the world, the important
lessons learned from evolving health care systems, and advocates strengthening of
community partnerships, continuum of care and health systems for achieving the
MDG 4 goal.
UNICEF
2008
State of the World’s
Newborns
Prepared by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children in 2001, this
document provides the first ever global report on newborn health using data from
163 countries. The report reviews the burden and causes of neonatal mortality,
summarizes the cost-effective and feasible interventions available, and outlines the
different steps required to reduce neonatal mortality.
Save the
Children
2001
The Components of Essential
Newborn Care
Developed by the global child survival program BASICS II of USAID, this brief
describes the components of Essential Newborn Care, criteria for prioritizing them,
and strategies used in operationalising them in order to have a positive impact on
reducing neonatal and infant mortality.
USAID
2004
The Economic Benefits of
Investing in Child Health
An advocacy paper produced by the World Bank in 2003 outlining the theory and
the evidence on the economic impact of investing in child health. It also identifies
several interventions and programs that could significantly contribute to improved
child health, particularly in the areas of nutrition, communicable disease prevention
and control, and education.
World Bank
2006
41
The Global Campaign for the
Health Millennium
Development Goals 2010:
Putting the Global strategy
for Women’s and Children’s
Health into action
This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development
Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in
putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This
Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in
September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2010
The Healthy Newborn
Partnership: Improving
Newborn Survival and Health
Through Partnership, Policy,
and Action
A document published by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children and
the Population Reference Bureau in 2004 describing briefly the genesis and growth
of the Healthy Newborn Partnership, and how it has helped focus attention on
newborn health issues through activities of advocacy, information exchange, and
joint action at various levels.
Save the
Children /
Population
Reference
Bureau
2004
The Need for a Focus on Child
Health and Nutrition The first part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child
health and nutrition in India. This document provides an overview of the magnitude
of child mortality and highlights malnutrition as the major contributory factor for
child deaths, thus urging the need for community based interventions.
CARE
The State of Asia-Pacific’s
Children 2008: Child Survival The first annual report on Asia Pacific region developed by UNICEF in 2008 to
examine trends in child survival and health in the region and its four sub-regions,
identify the challenges, and outline the broad agenda of actions required to
accelerate progress in the region towards the Millennium Development Goals.
UNICEF 2008
The State of the World's
Children 2006: Excluded and
Invisible
The 2006 annual report by UNICEF focuses on the world’s vulnerable children who
are generally excluded and invisible in programs, policy, legislation, statistics and
news stories. These children include those living in poorest countries, deprived
communities and those facing discrimination, children caught up in armed conflicts
UNICEF 2006
42
or affected by HIV/AIDS, and children who suffer abuses.
The State of the World's
Children 2007: Women and
Children
The 2007 annual report by UNICEF focuses on gender equality. It analyzes the status
and causes of gender discrimination across a woman’s life cycle and across regions,
explores equality issues in three distinct areas (household, employment, political
sphere), and advocates the steps for eliminating gender discrimination and
empowering women.
UNICEF
2007
The State of the World’s
Children 2009: Maternal and
Newborn Health
The 2009 annual report by UNICEF focuses on maternal and neonatal health. It
analyzes the status, trend and causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and
morbidity in the world, explores the successful programs and policies for creating a
supporting environment and continuum of care across time and location, and
advocates strengthening of health systems and partnerships for improving maternal
and neonatal health.
UNICEF
2009
Tracking Progress in
Maternal, Newborn and Child
Survival: The 2008 Report
This report was developed by the ‘Countdown to 2015’ collaboration to track
coverage of interventions needed to attain MDGs 4 and 5 (and parts of MDGs 1, 6,
and 7) in 68 priority countries of the world bearing the highest burden of maternal
and child mortality. It also takes stock of progress in maternal and child survival,
identifies gaps in knowledge, and proposes new actions to achieve these MDGs.
UNICEF
2008
Wheel of Change: Children
and Young People’s
Participation in South Asia
This document developed by UNICEF in 2004 describes the range and nature of
various children and young people’s participatory initiatives taken in the South-Asia
region, and draws out lessons learned for future investment in strengthening
UNICEF 2004
43
partnerships with relevant organizations in this field.
Training Care of the Baby at Birth
During 1 Hour after Birth
(Module 1)
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This first module describes the
needs of a newborn baby at birth and during the first hour of delivery, and the
evidence-based practices.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Counseling for Maternal and
Newborn Health: A Handbook
for Building Skills
This handbook was developed by the WHO in 2008 to strengthen counselling and
communication skills of health care providers and help them to effectively convey
to women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy,
childbirth, postpartum and postnatal care.
WHO 2008
Essential newborn nursing for
small hospitals in resource
restricted settings:
Facilitator’s Guide
Developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Newborn
Care, AIIMS, New Delhi in 2004, this guide facilitates knowledge enhancement and
capacity building of trainers for conducting participatory learning program on
essential newborn care for the nursing personnel working in resource restricted
settings.
WHO 2004
44
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 2):
Thermal protection
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This second module highlights the
importance of temperature regulation in a newborn baby, the factors contributing
to heat loss and how they can be prevented.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 3):
Kangaroo Mother Care
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. The third module of the series
describes the procedures and benefits of Kangaroo Mother Care, and provides
guidance on how to counsel and support mothers for doing the process.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 4):
Feeding of normal and low
birth weight babies
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This fourth module describes the
advantages and proper method of breastfeeding, methods of feeding low birth
weight babies, feeding problems and how to manage them.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 5):
Resuscitation of the newborn
baby
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. The fifth module provides
information on the assessment of newborn baby at the time of delivery,
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
45
resuscitation (if required) utilizing standard equipments, and the aftercare.
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 6):
Common procedures
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This sixth module provides
information about the technique for intramuscular injection, preparation of
common medication, recording of weight and temperature, initiating oxygen
therapy and intravenous access, insertion of feeding tube, and emergency triaging
and safe transport of sick neonates.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 7):
Prevention of infection,
housekeeping and waste
disposal
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This seventh module describes the
importance and requirements of infection control in a hospital including
housekeeping and disinfection routines, and the methods for safe disposal of
hospital waste.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 8):
Care of normal at risk and sick
neonates
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This eighth module describes the
evidence-based practices for routine care of newborn babies including advice and
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
46
support to mothers, and the identification and management of at-risk and sick
babies.
Essential newborn nursing
training modules (Module 9):
Common equipments &
trouble shooting
A series of nine training modules developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre for
Training and Research in Newborn Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, to
complement the in-service training and pre-service education of
nurses/ANMs/LHVs on essential newborn care. This ninth module provides
information about the handling, usage and routine maintenance of neonatal
equipments including their sterilization.
Neonatal
Division -
AIIMS/WHO
Facilitator's Guide for
Training Yashoda/Mamta
This document developed by NIHFW and NIPI provides comprehensive information
to be used for reference by the facilitators involved in the training of
Yashoda/Mamta. Yashoda/Mamta is a non-medical, voluntary support worker
placed at hospitals with high delivery load to create a congenial environment for
the mother and the newborn in the facility, and to counsel the mother about good
newborn care practices at home.
NIPI - UNOPS
Government Training --
Foundation course for re-
orientation in Basic
Emergency (Essential)
Obstetric Care: Trainees
Manual
This manual for a 2-day training course was developed by the MoHFW in
collaboration with NIHFW and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) in 2010
to complement the ongoing SBA training programme. Aimed at improving and
updating existing knowledge and skills of service providers (Medical Officers, Staff
nurses, ANMs) in providing Basic Essential Obstetric Care, the course is divided into
nine modules to help the health care provider understand the complications of
child birth and their possible solutions.
NIHFW,
MoHFW 2010
47
Government Training – Asha
Prashikshako ke liye
Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1
(HINDI)
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are
designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in
Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part
reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field
of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A
of Module 7).
NHSRC,
MoHFW
2010
Government Training – Notes
for ASHA Trainers: Part 1 Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of
trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The
notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of
ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn
health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).
NHSRC,
MoHFW 2010
Government Training-- A
handbook for Auxiliary Nurse
Midwives, Lady Health
Visitors and Staff Nurses
(NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this handbook for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and
Staff Nurses (SNs) contains information on the check-lists and case studies on the
skills that the Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) is expected to master to provide quality
care during pregnancy and child birth.
MoHFW
2010
Government Training--
Facilitator’s Guide for
conducting training for ANMs,
LHVs and Staff Nurses as a
Skilled Birth Attendant
This guide was developed by the MOHFW in 2006 in an effort to create a
standardized training package for residential training of ANMs, LHVs and staff
nurses in the practice of skilled attendance at birth and management of emergency
obstetric and newborn complications. It informs the trainer about the training
strategy, its objectives, method with content and schedule, and evaluation process.
MoHFW 2006
48
Government Training--
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha
Karyakram - Basic Newborn
Care and Resuscitation
Program: Training Manual
(Hindi) (NEW)
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a one-day training program on Basic
Newborn Care and Resuscitation aimed at developing skills of health workers
(especially the birth attendants at delivery) to address birth asphyxia and other
causes of early neonatal mortality. Developed by the MoHFW in 2009 with the help
of IAP and the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS, this manual provides information on
the resuscitation and care of newborn baby at birth, thermal protection, prevention
of infection, feeding of normal and LBW babies, and transport of babies.
NIHFW /
NCHRC 2009
Government Training--
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha
Karyakram - Basic Newborn
Care and Resuscitation
Program: Facilitator’s Guide
(NEW)
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a one-day training program on Basic
Newborn Care and Resuscitation aimed at developing skills of health workers
(especially the birth attendants at delivery) to address birth asphyxia and other
causes of early neonatal mortality. Developed by the MoHFW in 2009 with the help
of IAP and the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS, this module provides the trainers
with a list of procedures and guidelines on how to conduct the training in a
standardized and quality manner.
NIHFW /
NCHRC 2009
Government Training--
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha
Karyakram - Basic Newborn
Care and Resuscitation
Program: Training Manual
(NEW)
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a one-day training program on Basic
Newborn Care and Resuscitation aimed at developing skills of health workers
(especially the birth attendants at delivery) to address birth asphyxia and other
causes of early neonatal mortality. Developed by the MoHFW in 2009 with the help
of IAP and the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS, this manual provides information on
the resuscitation and care of newborn baby at birth, thermal protection, prevention
of infection, feeding of normal and LBW babies, and transport of babies.
NIHFW /
NCHRC
2009
49
Government Training-- Skilled
Birth Attendance (SBA):
Trainers Guide for conducting
training of Auxiliary Nurse
Midwives, Lady Health
Visitors and Staff Nurses
(NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this guide is designed to support systematic and methodological training of
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Staff Nurses (SNs)
in provision of skilled care during pregnancy and child birth. It provides instructions
for the trainer on how to plan and operationalize the health facility for conducting
the SBA training, how to conduct each session and use appropriate teaching aids.
MoHFW
2010
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Facilitators Guide
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This Facilitators guide informs the trainers about the training
schedule, topics, methodology and the tools to be used for training the program
managers during the training period.
WHO
2009
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Introduction (Module 1)
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This first module of a set of three modules describes the purpose
of training, the global child health status, recommended evidence-based child
health interventions and packages, principles of delivery of these interventions, and
definitions of specific terms.
WHO 2009
50
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Managing implementation
(Module 3)
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This last module of a set of three modules describes how to
advocate for child health and mobilize resources, manage supervision and monitor
progress of activities according to the implementation plan.
WHO
2009
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Planning implementation
(Module 2)
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This second module of a set of three modules describes the
preparation for developing an implementation plan, steps for reviewing
implementation status, how to decide targets, indicators and monitoring of
activities, and components of work-plan and budget.
WHO
2009
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Workbook
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This Workbook, to be used along with the set of three modules,
would help the managers acquire practical skills related to the training.
WHO
2009
51
Managing newborn
problems: a guide for doctors,
nurses and midwives
This guide was developed by the WHO in collaboration with other partners in 2003
as part of Integrated Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth series (IMPAC). It
provides a full range of updated, evidence-based norms and standards for the
health care providers to help them in rapid assessment and treatment of sick
newborn babies so as to give high quality care during the newborn period.
WHO/
UNFPA/
UNICEF
2003
Qualitative research to
improve Newborn care
practices
Developed by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the Children, this guide
provides a ready reference tool for conducting qualitative research and planning a
behaviour change communications strategy to improve newborn care practices.
Save the
Children 2004
Training Curriculum for
Traditional Birth Attendants This document developed by RACHNA and USAID provides guidance to the trainers
about the preparation, curriculum and the activities required during the training of
Traditional Birth Attendants on improving maternal and newborn health.
RACHNA and
USAID 2002
Training Module on Delivery
of Home-Based Post-Natal
Care for Newborns and
Mothers by ASHA:
Facilitator's Manual (NEW)
Developed in 2010 by a collaborative effort of the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS,
NNF, INCLEN, NIHFW and NIPI, this training module is aimed at providing ASHAs the
essential skills for delivering quality health services to the mothers and newborns at
home/in the community during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period under
the Home-Based Post-Natal Care model. This guide informs the trainers about the
training schedule, topics, methodology and the tools to be used for training ASHAs
during the 5 day training.
NIHFW /
NCHRC
(English)
2010
52
Training Module on Delivery
of Home-Based Post-Natal
Care for Newborns and
Mothers by ASHA: Organizer's
Manual (NEW)
Developed in 2010 by a collaborative effort of the Department of Pediatrics AIIMS,
NNF, INCLEN, NIHFW and NIPI, this training module is aimed at providing ASHAs the
essential skills for delivering quality health services to the mothers and newborns at
home/in the community during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period under
the Home-Based Post-Natal Care model. This manual for the organizers of the 5 day
training of ASHAs describes the concept of HBPNC, the process of organizing
trainings including its duration, venue, modules and methodology, and the process
of organizing Training of Trainers.
NIHFW /
NCHRC
(English)
2010
WHO child growth standards:
training course on child
growth assessment (Module
1)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
The first module gives introduction to the training course, and briefly explains the
content of other modules and their learning objectives.
WHO
2008
WHO child growth standards:
training course on child
growth assessment (Module
2)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This second module of the series of 5 modules provides training on how to
recognize signs of malnutrition, how to measure and record weight and height, and
how to calculate different anthropometric indicators.
WHO
2008
53
WHO child growth standards:
training course on child
growth assessment (Module
3)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This third module of the series of 5 modules provides information on the use of
growth charts to identify normal growth for a given child, and how to interpret
different growth indicators.
WHO
2008
WHO child growth standards:
training course on child
growth assessment (Module
4)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This fourth module of the series of 5 modules provides information on how to
inform mother/carer about the results of growth assessment, how to interview
them to identify cause of malnutrition, and how to counsel them for appropriate
feeding practices.
WHO
2008
WHO child growth standards:
training course on child
growth assessment (Module
5)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This last module is a photo-booklet with pictures of different forms of malnutrition.
WHO
2008
54
Scientific Articles
A financial road map to
scaling up essential child
health interventions in 75
countries
Published in 2007 in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, this article
estimates the additional financial resources required in 75 countries to scale up
priority interventions to universal coverage by 2015 in order to reduce child
mortality and morbidity within the context of MDG 4. A costing model was
developed to estimate the financial costs for each intervention, country and year,
and the model includes both the investment cost and the running cost.
WHO
2007
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series (Part 4):
Reducing stillbirths: screening
and monitoring during
pregnancy and labour
This is the fourth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009.
This systematic review analyzes the available published evidence for the impact of
14 screening and monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth, including
identification and management of high-risk pregnancies, advanced monitoring
techniques, and monitoring of labour.
Journal BMC
Pregnancy &
Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series (Part 5):
Reducing stillbirths:
interventions during labour
This fifth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for eight interventions delivered during childbirth.
These interventions include care primarily provided at secondary and tertiary level
large teaching/research hospitals with surgical capacity, that are of potential
benefit for perinatal health and prevention of stillbirths.
Journal BMC
Pregnancy &
Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 1):
3.2 million stillbirths:
epidemiology and overview
of the evidence review
This first article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009 outlines
issues in the availability and quality of data related to stillbirths, and the global
epidemiology of stillbirths. It further describes the methodology and framework
used for the subsequent systematic reviews of interventions and strategies to
prevent stillbirths.
Journal BMC
Pregnancy &
Child Birth
2009
55
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 2):
Reducing stillbirths:
behavioural and nutritional
interventions before and
during pregnancy
This second article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for non-clinical interventions (behavioural and
nutritional interventions) with a biologically plausible impact on stillbirth incidence
that can be delivered via reproductive health or ANC services before or during
pregnancy. The review focuses on interventions targeting socially mediated risk
factors for stillbirth and which can be delivered in low and middle income countries
at the community level.
Journal BMC
Pregnancy &
Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 3):
Reducing stillbirths:
prevention and management
of medical disorders and
infections during pregnancy
This third article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for 16 antenatal interventions to address the
known clinical risk factors for stillbirths that are treatable or preventable during
antenatal period. The risk factors such as infections, malaria, lack of access to
health facilities and poor antenatal care were reviewed.
Journal BMC
Pregnancy &
Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part 6):
Delivering interventions to
reduce the global burden of
stillbirths: improving service
supply and community
demand
This last article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for community and health systems approaches to
improve uptake and quality of antenatal and intrapartum care for reducing
stillbirths. It further synthesizes programme and policy recommendations for how
best to deliver evidence-based interventions at the community and the facility
levels, across the continuum of care.
Journal BMC
Pregnancy &
Child Birth
2009
Care-seeking behavior and
out-of-pocket expenditure for
sick newborns among urban
poor in Lucknow, northern
India: a prospective follow up
study
Published in the BMC Health Services and Research in 2009, this prospective follow
up study carried out in two urban public hospitals in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh,
assesses the distribution of neonatal illnesses and different health providers sought
for these illnesses, the distribution of out-of-pocket expenditure by type of illness
and type of health provider sought, and the socio-economic distribution of illnesses,
BioMed
Central
2009
56
care-seeking behavior and out-of-pocket expenditure.
Childbirth Practices in Rural
Rajasthan, India: Implications
for Neonatal Health and
Survival
A qualitative community based study conducted in rural Rajasthan to explore
family, community and provider practices during labor and childbirth with special
focus on practices likely to influence newborn health outcomes.
2008
Community-Based
Interventions for Improving
Perinatal and Neonatal
Health Outcomes in
Developing Countries: A
Review of the Evidence
Published in 2005, this systematic review of community-based antenatal,
intrapartum, and postnatal trials (both RCTs and quazi-randomized trials) aims to
identify interventions with sufficient evidence of success for inclusion in
community-based neonatal care programs in developing countries, to identify gaps
in knowledge, and to suggest priority areas for future research and program
learning.
Pediatrics
2005
Countdown to 2015: Tracking
Donor Assistance to
Maternal, Newborn, and
Child Health
A scientific article tracking the official development assistance or funding offered to
developing countries across the world in 2003 and 2004 for maternal, newborn and
child health. The article reports donor spending on the specific theme accounting
for just 2% of gross aid disbursements to developing countries.
LANCET
2006
Countdown to 2015: Tracking
Intervention Coverage for
Child Survival
The first report of the Child Survival Countdown monitors worldwide progress in
child survival to achieve the MDG 4. This article reviews the coverage of key child-
survival interventions in 60 countries with the world’s highest numbers/rates of
child mortality, and highlights country-specific improvements and missed
opportunities.
LANCET
2006
57
Early skin-to-skin contact for
mothers and their healthy
newborn infants
Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2009, this systematic review of
controlled trials examines whether early skin to- skin contact (starting less than 24
hours of birth) for mothers and their healthy full-term or late preterm newborn
infants has any beneficial or adverse effects on lactation, maternal-infant behavior,
and infant physiology.
Cochrane
Library
2009
Effect of Community-based
Newborn-care Intervention
Package Implemented
through Two Service-delivery
Strategies in Sylhet District,
Bangladesh: A Cluster-
randomised Controlled Trial
Published in 2008, this article describes a community based cluster randomized
control trial conducted in Bangladesh in 2003-2005 to evaluate the effect of a
newborn care intervention package delivered through two different strategies,
namely home care and community care on neonatal mortality. LANCET 2008
Formula Milk versus Maternal
Breast Milk for Feeding
Preterm or Low Birth Weight
Infants
A Cochrane review published in 2008 to evaluate the effect of feeding with formula
milk compared with maternal breast milk on the rates of growth and
developmental outcomes in low birth weight or preterm infants.
Cochrane
review 2008
Gowning by Attendants and
Visitors in Newborn Nurseries
for Prevention of Neonatal
Morbidity and Mortality
A Cochrane review published in 2009 to assess the effects of the wearing of an
overgown by attendants and visitors on the incidence of infection and death in
infants in newborn nurseries.
Cochrane
review
2009
Growth performance of
affluent Indian children is
similar to that in developed
countries
A cross sectional study published in the Bulletin of the WHO in 2002 evaluating
whether children aged 12-23 months belonging to affluent families in South Delhi
had growth performance similar to that in developed countries, and to identify
socio-economic factors hindering optimal growth in these children.
WHO
2002
58
Home-based neonatal care:
Summary and applications of
the field trial in rural
Gadchiroli, India (1993 to
2003)
This article summarizes the objectives, study design, processes and results of the
field trial conducted in rural Gadchiroli on Home-based neonatal care (HBNC), and
evaluates its effect on neonatal mortality. It also discusses issues pertaining to
scaling up of the strategy at national level, its integration with the primary health
care services, its limitations, and its cost and cost-effectiveness.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
Impact assessment of India
Population Project (IPP-VIII)
on Child Health in
Metropolitan cities of India
Published in the journal Health and Population Perspectives and Issues in 2008, this
article describes the findings of an end line evaluation of the India Population
Programme (IPP-VIII) carried out by the National Institute of Medical Statistics
during the year 2001-2002, with special focus on child health indicators. The Govt.
of India had implemented this World Bank assisted seven-year program in 1993 in
the four metropolitan cities of the country with an aim to provide quality integrated
health care services to the urban poor.
HPPI 2008
Impact of Counseling on Care
Seeking Behavior in Families
with Sick Children: Cluster
Randomized Trial in Rural
India
A community-based cluster randomized trial conducted in 2002 in rural areas of
Rajasthan to assess whether training doctors in counseling improves care seeking
behavior of families with sick children.
British
Medical
Journal (BMJ)
2004
Impact of an integrated
nutrition and health
programme on neonatal
mortality in rural northern
India
Published in the Bulletin of World Health Organization in 2008, this study evaluates
the impact of a community-based package of maternal and newborn interventions
facilitated by a non-governmental organization and implemented at scale using the
existing government infrastructure through an integrated nutrition and health
programme. The evaluation conducted in two rural districts of Uttar Pradesh, looks
primarily at reduction in neonatal mortality.
WHO
2008
59
Interventions to Prevent
Hypothermia at Birth in
Preterm and/or Low Birth
Weight Infants
Published in 2010, this Cochrane review assesses the efficacy and safety of
interventions designed for the prevention of hypothermia in preterm and/or low
birth weight infants and applied within 10 minutes after birth in the delivery suite,
compared with routine thermal care.
Cochrane
review
2010
Kangaroo Mother Care to
Reduce Morbidity and
Mortality in Low Birth Weight
Infants
A Cochrane review published in 2003 to review the evidence for the use of
Kangaroo Mother Care in LBW infants as an alternative to conventional care after
the initial common period of stabilization with conventional care.
Cochrane
review 2003
Lancet Child Survival Series
2003 (Part 1) : Where And
Why Are 10 Million Children
Dying Every Year?
The first paper of the Lancet Child Survival Series published in 2003 gives an
estimate of global child deaths across different regions and the distribution of
causes of death that vary substantially for each country; emphasizing the need to
expand understanding of child health epidemiology at a country level rather than in
geopolitical regions.
WHO
2003
Lancet Child Survival Series
2003 (Part 2) : How Many
Child Deaths Can We Prevent
This Year?
This second article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 reviews the evidence for
interventions to reduce under-5 child mortality for each of the major direct and
underlying causes of death. It documents the effectiveness of each intervention,
the current level of coverage with these interventions, and evaluates the number of
child deaths that could be prevented with universal coverage.
2003
Lancet Child Survival Series
2003 (Part 3) : Reducing child
mortality: can public health
deliver?
The third article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 highlights the importance
of an efficient delivery system of public health services to reduce child mortality. It
also discusses the essential aspects of delivery systems including the need for data
at the sub national level to support health planning, regular monitoring of provision
and use of health services, and of intervention coverage, and the need to achieve
LANCET
2003
60
high and equitable coverage with selected interventions.
Lancet Child Survival Series
2003 (Part 4) : Applying an
equity lens to child health
and mortality: more of the
same is not enough
This fourth article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 analyzes the gaps in child
mortality between rich and poor countries as well as between wealthy and poor
children within most countries, outlines the successful approaches for reducing
inequities, advocates for regular monitoring of inequities with increased
accountability, and prioritizes equity in child survival interventions and the delivery
strategies as the essential element for reducing child mortality.
LANCET
2003
Lancet Child Survival Series
2003 (Part 5) : Knowledge
into action for child survival
The last article of the Lancet Child Survival Series 2003 advocates for leadership,
strong health systems, targeted human and financial resources, and a modified
health system for translating current knowledge into effective action to reduce
child mortality and ensuring benefit for poor children and mothers.
LANCET
2003
Lancet Neonatal Survival
Series 2005 (Part 1) : 4 million
neonatal deaths: When?
Where? Why?
The first article of the Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005 provides new and
systematic global estimates of the timing, geographical distribution and the major
direct causes of 4 million neonatal deaths occurring worldwide every year
LANCET
2005
Lancet Neonatal Survival
Series 2005 (Part 2) : Evidence
Based, Cost Effective
Interventions: How Many
Newborn Babies Can We
Save?
In this second article of the Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005, low-cost
interventions with proven efficacy for neonatal survival were identified, combined
into packages for scaling up in the health systems according to different service
delivery modes, and their effect on neonatal mortality modeled at varying levels of
coverage.
LANCET
2005
61
Lancet Neonatal Survival
Series 2005 (Part 3) :
Systematic scaling up of
neonatal care in countries
This third article of the Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005 describes the
processes and actions required at the national and international level for scaling up
newborn care in countries with high burden of neonatal mortality, along with the
steps to strengthen their health systems and promote equity of health services.
LANCET
2005
Lancet Neonatal Survival
Series 2005 (Part 4) : A call for
action
The fourth article of the Lancet neonatal survival series 2005 calls for immediate
action in improving neonatal survival by implementing effective low-cost
interventions, improving care during delivery and postnatal home visits, raising
community awareness, and increasing funding and accountability for national and
global commitments.
LANCET
2005
Low Birth Weight and
Preterm Neonates: Can They
be Managed at Home by
Mother and a Trained Village
Health Worker?
This article analyzes the data retrospectively from the intervention arm of the
Gadchiroli field trial and compares it with the pre-intervention phase to evaluate
the feasibility and effectiveness of HBNC in the management of LBW/preterm
neonates. Feasibility was assessed by coverage and by quality of care indicators,
while effectiveness was evaluated by change in case fatality rate and in the
incidence of co-morbidities in LBW/preterm neonates.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
Management of birth
asphyxia in home deliveries in
rural Gadchiroli: The effect of
two types of birth attendants
and of resuscitating with
mouth-to-mouth, tube-mask
or bag–mask
This article analyzes the impact of home-based neonatal care (in rural Gadchiroli)
on birth asphyxia by comparing the effectiveness of two types of workers and three
methods of resuscitation used in home delivery. Effect on birth asphyxia was
measured by its incidence, its case fatality rate, and asphyxia-specific mortality rate.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
62
Neonatal Vitamin A
supplementation for
prevention of mortality and
morbidity in infancy:
Systematic review of
randomised controlled trials
Published in the British Medical Journal in 2009, this systematic review was
conducted to evaluate the effect of prophylactic vitamin A supplementation given
during the neonatal period on infant mortality and morbidity, and its early adverse
effects. The study found no convincing evidence of reduced risk of infant mortality
and possibly morbidity.
British
Medical
Journal
2009
Neonatal and infant mortality
in the ten years (1993 to
2003) of the Gadchiroli field
trial: Effect of home-based
neonatal care
This article assesses the impact of the field trial of home-based neonatal care
(HBNC) in Gadchiroli on neonatal and infant mortality during 10 years (1993 to
2003), and also estimates the contribution of the individual components in the
intervention package on the observed effect. The impact was measured by
comparing change in mortality indicators from the baseline period to the last 2
years of intervention.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
Pilot testing of WHO child
Growth standards in
Chandigarh: implications for
India’s child health
programmes
Published in the Bulletin of WHO in 2009, this article compares the prevalence of
underweight as calculated from Indian Academy of Paediatrics growth curves
(based on the Harvard scale) and the new WHO Child Growth Standards in a
randomly selected sample of children from ICDS centers located in Chandigarh,
Punjab.
WHO
2009
Reduced incidence of
neonatal morbidities: Effect
of Home-based neonatal care
in rural Gadchiroli, India
This article reports the effect of home-based neonatal care on neonatal morbidities
in the intervention arm of the field trial of home-based neonatal care (HBNC) in
Gadchiroli by comparing the early vs late periods, and the possible explanation for
this effect.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
63
The Executive Summary of
the Lancet Neonatal Survival
Series
This document gives the executive summary of the four articles included in the
Lancet Neonatal Survival Series 2005. The goal of this series is to inform global
policy and provide a framework for practical action in countries so that proven
interventions for newborn survival reach the families in greatest need.
LANCET 2005
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: Impact on
economic growth of investing
in maternal–newborn health
(Part 3)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the
evidence of the impact on economic growth of investments in maternal-newborn
health.
WHO 2006
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: economic
vulnerability and social
implications (Part 1)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper reviews evidence base on economic
vulnerability and social implications in relation to maternal-newborn ill health, and
highlights major gaps in this evidence base.
WHO 2006
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: the costs of
maternal newborn illness and
mortality (Part 2)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the
estimation of the cost of illness related to maternal–newborn ill-health.
WHO
2006
64
The incidence of morbidities
in a cohort of neonates in
rural Gadchiroli, India:
Seasonal and temporal
variation and a hypothesis
about prevention
A prospective observational study nested in the first year of the field trial of home-
based neonatal care (HBNC) in rural Gadchiroli to estimate the incidence of
neonatal morbidities and associated risk of death in newborns cared at home, to
assess the variation in incidence by season and day of life, and to identify the scope
for prevention of morbidities and suggest a hypothesis for prevention.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
Validation of Developmental
Assessment Tools for
Anganwadis (DATA)
In this article the authors aimed to develop, standardize, and partly validate a
developmental scale for toddlers (1.6 to 3 years) attending Anganwadis in India.
This scale was used to identify toddlers at risk or with developmental delay.
Indian
Pediatrics 2009
Why do neonates die in rural
Gadchiroli, India (Part I):
Primary causes of death
assigned by neonatologist
based on prospectively
observed records
This article analyzes the primary causes of death among home-cared rural neonates
in the first year of the field trial of home-based neonatal care (HBNC) in rural
Gadchiroli, by using prospectively kept health records of neonates and a
neonatologist’s clinical judgment.
Journal of
Perinatology
2005
Statistical Information
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Consolidated report (NIPI
Report)
Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states
of Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India
Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve
maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and
related maternal health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism,
assess the needs and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project
implementation.
NIPI 2009
65
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Orissa (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Revised report Bihar (NIPI
Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Bihar where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Revised report Madhya
Pradesh (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to
reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted
to evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
NIPI 2009
Baseline survey on child and
related maternal health care:
Revised report Rajasthan
(NIPI)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
NIPI 2009
66
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
Fact Sheet all States This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators
and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and
TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS
Bulletins and from Census 2001.
Tracking Progress in
Maternal, Newborn and Child
Survival: India 2008 report
The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the
progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn
Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based
on the latest data from the country.
2008
67
TOPIC: IMMUNIZATION
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policy, Program, Guidelines
Adverse Events Following
Immunization (AEFI):
Operational Guidelines on
Surveillance and Response
(NEW)
Published by the MoHFW in 2010, these guidelines provide information to program
managers working at different levels of health system on how to establish a sensitive
surveillance system capable of detecting, notifying, investigating and responding to
an AEFI for vaccines supplied by the Govt of India. In addition it outlines a
communication strategy on immunization safety to respond to enquiries by the public
and media.
MoHFW 2010
Generic protocol for
estimating the burden of
pertussis in young children
Developed by the WHO in 2005, this document gives a standardized protocol for
estimating the incidence and disease burden of pertussis in children under 5 years
of age during periods of low to high (outbreak) disease activity. It covers three
methodologies for estimating disease burden – passive surveillance, community-
based cluster surveys, and outbreak investigation.
WHO 2005
Global Immunization Vision
and Strategy 2006-2015
Developed jointly by the WHO and UNICEF in 2005, this document outlines the
global vision and strategy of immunization for the time period 2006-2015. The topics
covered include the strategic framework for achieving global immunization through
expanded reach and equity, development of new vaccines, integration with other
health interventions, surveillance, financing and improved coordination among major
stakeholders through partnerships.
WHO /UNICEF
2005
Global framework for
Developed jointly by WHO and CDC in consultation with other partners in 2007, this WHO /CDC 2007
68
Immunization monitoring
and surveillance
document describes the essential components of the global framework for
monitoring and surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases, the factors contributing
to changes in their monitoring landscape, the new goals and objectives, the
anticipated impact of reaching these goals and the risks of failing to reach them by
2010.
Government Guidelines --
Measles Mortality
Reduction: India strategic
plan 2005-2010
Developed by the MOHFW, this document provides a strategic framework to enable
different Indian states to contribute to the goal of reducing the number of measles
deaths by two thirds by 2010 as envisaged under the Multi Year plan of
Immunization through emphasis on routine measles immunization, effective
monitoring and surveillance, and appropriate case management.
MOHFW 2005
Government Policy --
Preparation of Microplan of
Routine Immunization and
consolidation at Block-
District level
A circular issued in 2009 by the Directorate of Family Welfare to all the Chief District
Medical Officers in Orissa regarding the importance of microplanning for
strengthening vaccine logistic management and improving routine immunization
services. The document also includes two guidelines – first is an operational
guideline on the preparation of microplan, and the second guideline is on how to
conduct training on the preparation of these plans.
NRHM Orissa 2009
Guidelines for estimating
costs of introducing new
vaccines into the national
immunization system
This guideline developed by the WHO in 2002, outlines a stepped approach for
estimating the incremental costs of introducing new vaccines into the routine
immunization services. Its objective is to assist public health officials of a country in
deciding whether to introduce new vaccines at the national level, and to plan and
budget for such introductions.
WHO 2004
Immunization Plus: A
framework for action (2003 –
2007)
This document outlines UNICEF’s framework for action for 5 years (2003 to 2007)
which is designed to support the Government of India in strengthening and
accelerating its Immunization Plus programme in selected districts and throughout
the country.
UNICEF 2003
Immunization coverage
A reference manual developed by WHO in 2005 which provides guidance on WHO 2005
69
cluster survey: Reference
manual
conducting high quality cluster surveys for measuring levels and validity of
immunization coverage and reasons for non-immunization. These surveys can be
used to assess changes over time or differences between geographical or
administrative areas.
Increasing immunization
coverage at the health
facility level
Developed by the WHO, UNICEF and other partners in 2002, this guide helps the
health workers to identify problems and causes of low immunization coverage by
using their own data, and to plan solutions for increasing immunization coverage.
The guideline focuses on increasing coverage by improving access (or reaching the
unreached) and improving utilization (or reducing the drop-outs).
WHO/UNIC
EF 2002
Making Surveillance Work:
Data management (Module
4)
The fourth module of a series of 4 independent modules on ‘Making Surveillance
Work’ developed by the WHO in 2001. This module focuses on routine aspects of
managing the immunization data, a process which is critical to the success of the
Vaccine preventable diseases surveillance system.
WHO 2001
Making Surveillance Work:
Logistics management
(Module 3)
The third module of a series of 4 independent modules on ‘Making Surveillance
Work’ developed by the WHO in 2001. This module describes the surveillance
systems for Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) and the pre-requisites on setting
up the logistics of surveillance within a country so as to collate, analyze and
communicate information effectively for public health action.
WHO 2001
Making Surveillance Work:
Rapid assessment of
surveillance for vaccine-
preventable diseases
(Module 1)
The first module of a series of 4 independent modules on ‘Making Surveillance Work’
developed by the WHO in 2001. This reference document provides a framework for
assessment of surveillance and monitoring of immunization coverage, particularly,
for the Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs).
WHO 2001
Mass measles immunization
Developed by the WHO in 2002, this document provides summary guidelines to the WHO 2002
70
campaigns: Reporting and
investigating adverse events
following immunization
program managers and immunization campaign coordinators for the surveillance of
adverse events following Immunization (AEFI) during mass measles immunization
campaigns.
Measles and Rubella:
Surveillance and Outbreak
Investigation Guidelines
WHO provides a framework for collection, investigation, response to outbreak and
gives basic principles of surveillance for member countries to control and regulate
measles and rubella.
WHO 2009
Measles mortality reduction
and regional elimination:
Strategic plan 2001-2005
Developed by the WHO and UNICEF, this document provides a framework for
guiding and coordinating measles mortality reduction and regional elimination
activities through strategies aimed at interruption of measles transmission and
opportunities for conducting research into barriers to the effective control and
elimination of the disease.
WHO 2001
Measles mortality reduction:
Regional strategic plan
2003-2005
This document by the WHO SEARO provides a framework for countries of the South
East Asia region to reduce the number of measles deaths through reliable monthly
reporting of cases or deaths, investigation of outbreaks and achieve and maintain
80% coverage of routine measles vaccination.
WHO - SEARO
2003
Modules on best practices
for measles surveillance
The objective of this document published by WHO in 2001 was to provide guidelines
to public health workers at all levels on the best measles surveillance practices.
WHO 2001
WHO Recommended
standards for surveillance of
selected Vaccine
preventable diseases
This document by the WHO in 2003 provides guidance on the surveillance standards
for selected vaccine-preventable diseases that can be adapted to meet national
needs in accordance with each country’s disease control priorities, objectives and
strategies.
WHO 2003
Technical Publication
Adverse Events Following
Immunization (AEFI):
Developed by the WHO, this aide-memoire is intended to be used by health workers
at the national (or first sub-national) level as a guide for conducting a systematic,
71
Causality assessment standardized causality assessment for serious adverse events following
immunization (including clusters).
Cholera Vaccines: A New
Public Health Tool?
Published in 2004, this report describes the proceedings of a meeting convened by
the WHO in 2002 to consider the potential role that might be played by oral cholera
vaccines in the prevention and control of cholera outbreaks and endemic disease,
and to develop recommendations on the use of such vaccines.
WHO 2004
Communication for
immunization campaigns for
maternal and neonatal
tetanus elimination
This guide developed in 2006 by Saving Newborn Lives initiative of Save the
Children describes the process of designing and conducting a social mobilization
program to create demand and increase participation during immunization
campaigns/routine immunizations to eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus. The
document includes references to the best practices and lessons learned from such
campaigns in the past.
Save the Children
2006
Communication for polio
eradication and routine
immunization: checklists
and easy reference guides
Developed by the WHO, USAID and other partners in 2002 for planners and
managers, this document is a compilation of various checklists and reference guides
covering communication and mobilization aspects of routine immunization and
disease surveillance, in addition to supplementary immunization for polio eradication.
It includes three sections on planning and strategies, messages and media, and
monitoring and evaluation.
WHO/USAID 2002
Coverage Evaluation Survey
2002 for IPPI, Routine
Immunization and Maternal
Care: National Report
A report prepared by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2002 on the
nation-wide survey conducted to evaluate the coverage and people’s response to
Intensified Pulse Polio Immunization, Routine Immunization, and different
components of Maternal Care.
MOHFW 2002
Coverage Evaluation Survey
Report 2008: Japanese
Encephalitis (JE)
Report of a study employing both qualitative and quantitative methods that was
conducted by UNICEF in 2008 to assess the true coverage of the JE vaccination
campaign in the study districts, and to identify key program planning and
UNICEF 2008
72
implementation issues for optimal delivery of the injectable vaccine to a large target
population.
Coverage Evaluation
Survey: All India Report
2005
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.
UNICEF 2005
Coverage Evaluation
Survey: All India Report
2006
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.
UNICEF 2006
Coverage Evaluation
Survey: All India Report
2009
This Survey conducted by UNICEF in 2009 assesses the impact of NRHM strategies
on coverage levels of maternal, newborn and child-health services including
immunization among women and children. Employing a two-stage sampling
procedure, the survey covered all the States and Union Territories of India and was
conducted between November 2009 and January 2010.
UNICEF 2009
Description and comparison
of the methods of cluster
Produced by the WHO in 2001, this report provides a brief description of the Cluster
sampling method and the Lot Quality Assessment Sampling (LQAS) method,
WHO 2001
73
sampling and lot quality
assurance sampling to
assess immunization
coverage
compares and contrasts the two methods, and provides guidelines for the health
workers working in immunization on the setting in which each is appropriate. Both
sampling techniques can be used for the overall population estimates of
immunization coverage.
Economics of immunization:
a guide to the literature and
other resources
Published by the WHO in 2004, this annotated bibliography identifies literature and
web resources on costing, cost–benefit analyses, financing, policy issues, tools, and
other related topics within the context of immunization financing. It includes
background information on issues of immunization financing, summaries of 87 key
articles and list of 350 documents related to the topic, and the directory of contacts
and web sites for additional information.
WHO 2004
Getting started with vaccine
vial monitors
This document, developed jointly by WHO and PATH in 2002 with funding from
USAID, provides information about the working of a Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM), its
advantages, costs, training needs, and operational impact. At the end of the
document is a questionnaire for conducting KAP survey to assess the impact of
VVMs on the delivery of vaccines and use of measles vaccine.
WHO /
PATH 2002
Global plan for reducing
measles mortality 2006-2010
This joint statement by WHO/UNICEF advocates a comprehensive strategy for
reducing measles mortality in high priority countries that has been previously
effective in other WHO regions. It lays forth the goals and challenges to
implementation and emphasizes on partnership as the key to success.
WHO 2006
Government Circular--
Preparation of Microplan of
Routine Immunization and
A circular issued in 2009 by the Directorate of Family Welfare to all the Chief District
Medical Officers in Orissa regarding the importance of microplanning for
strengthening vaccine logistic management and improving routine immunization
NRHM 2009
74
consolidation at
Block/District level services. The document also includes two guidelines – first is an operational
guideline on the preparation of microplan, and the second guideline is on how to
conduct training on the preparation of these plans.
Government Circular--
Training on introduction of
Vaccine Register in the
District Level
A circular issued in 2009 by the Directorate of Family Welfare to all the Chief District
Medical Officers in Orissa on conducting Sensitization Workshops for introduction of
Vaccine Registers at the district and block level to improve the reporting of vaccine
logistics and availability of information in the state. The document also includes
operational and financial guidelines on conducting these workshops.
NRHM 2009
Government Report-- Survey
of Immunization Coverage in
the State of Delhi 2006
Sponsored by Directorate of Family Welfare, Delhi government, this survey was
undertaken in 9 districts of Delhi by NIMS (ICMR) to provide information on the
progress and identify gaps in immunization of and ANC coverage among children
and women.
MOHFW 2006
Government Report-- Survey
of Immunization Coverage in
the State of Delhi 2006
Sponsored by Directorate of Family Welfare, Delhi government, this survey was
undertaken in 9 districts of Delhi by NIMS (ICMR) to provide information on the
progress and identify gaps in immunization of and ANC coverage among children
and women.
MOHFW 2006
Immunization and Vaccine
Preventable Diseases
The third part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child
health and nutrition in India. This document briefly describes the features of vaccine
preventable diseases, the importance of immunization and the immunological basis,
schedule, delivery and adverse effects of vaccines, and the different strategies that
can be used to improve the quality and coverage of immunization services.
CARE
Immunization coverage in
India
A working paper examining the status and performance of the immunization
programme in India, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand during 1980-2004, and
suggests policy and programs for realization of the goals of Universal Immunization
Program.
Institute of Economic Growth
2007
75
Performance assessment of
Health Workers training in
Routine Immunization in
India
This study, conducted jointly by the NIHFW and WHO-NPSP in 2009, aimed to
assess the level of health workers performance in providing immunization services
following the introduction of the Training materials (Immunization Handbook for
Health Workers and Facilitators Guide) by the MoHFW in 2006.
WHO 2009
Performance needs
assessment of basic
healthcare workers in
Immunization in India
Report of the performance need assessment study conducted by the MoHFW in
2005 to identify the gaps in performance of basic health care workers in providing
immunization services (including the training needs) so as to plan for interventions to
improve their performance. The study was conducted across 8 states covering 40
districts and used interview schedule and observation for data collection.
WHO 2005
Reducing Measles Mortality
in Emergencies The joint statement by WHO/UNICEF outlines the optimal strategies to reduce
measles mortality during and after emergencies.
WHO 2004
Review of National
Immunization Coverage
(1980-2006)
This report by the WHO & UNICEF reviews the coverage of all vaccines under the
Universal Immunization Programme in India by analyzing the trends and sources of
data for a period of 26 years (1980 to 2006).
WHO
/UNICEF 2007
State of the World’s
Vaccines and
Immunizations: Executive
Summary
This document is the executive summary of the Third edition of State of the world’s
vaccines and immunizations which was published by the WHO in 2009. The edition
focused on the major developments in vaccines and immunization since the year
2000.
WHO 2009
Template of a national plan
of action for maternal and
This template plan developed jointly by the WHO and UNICEF in 2001, outlines the
strategies, activities, and resource needs to achieve and sustain elimination of
WHO 2006
76
neonatal tetanus elimination
maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT). It aims to reduce the work of developing a
plan of action for MNT elimination, and to ensure standardized baseline information.
Monitoring and Evaluation
of Maternal and Newborn
Health and Services at the
District Level
Report of a technical consultation organized by the WHO in 2006 to improve
processes involved in effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of maternal and
newborn health at the district level. The meeting focused on sharing of innovative
programs/experiences of M&E, analysis of requirements, development of an
integrated approach, and drafting recommendations on how to move ahead.
WHO 2006
Monitoring emergency
obstetric care: A handbook
A handbook developed by the WHO in 2009 which summarizes the indicators that
can be used to assess, monitor and evaluate the availability, use and quality of
Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) at the programmatic level. It describes each
indicator and how it is constructed and used, their acceptable levels (if appropriate),
the background of the indicator, data collection, analysis and interpretation, and
suggestions for supplementary studies.
WHO 2009
Operationalizing FRU’s:
Paving the way ahead
A brief summary of the achievements, key findings and recommendations of the
project undertaken by PHFI and partners to provide technical assistance to the
Government of Jharkhand for operationalizing First Referral Units in the state
MCH-STAR
Postpartum care of the
mother and newborn: a
practical guide
This WHO report details the needs of women and their newborn during the
postpartum period, the health challenges faced by them during the period, and the
response of the health care system to these needs and challenges. It attempts to
bring together evidence and the arguments for good practice in this field.
WHO
Saving Women’s Lives:
Clinical and Community
Action to Address
Published in 2009, this document provides information about an integrated package
of Clinical and Community Action Model developed by Pathfinder International to
Pathfinder International
2009
77
Postpartum Hemorrhage
address the full spectrum of clinical and social causes of post-partum hemorrhage
morbidity and mortality in low-resource settings
Saving the lives of children
under age 5: State of the
World’s Mothers 2007
This eighth annual report on ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save the
Children in 2007 focuses on deaths of children under the age of 5 years and brings
to attention low-cost solutions with greatest potential to save the lives of mother and
children. It also tracks the progress of different countries on mother-child survival
indicators
Save the Children
2007
Shaping policy for Maternal
and Newborn health: A
compendium of case studies
Published by the JHPIEGO in 2003, this compendium of case studies describes
successful approaches taken by the civil society and non-governmental
organizations in influencing national policy in maternal and newborn health. Each
case study presents a strategy for achieving or influencing policy change, details of
the implementation process, and a discussion of results
JHPIRGO 2003
Short Programme Review:
Child Health Programme in
Rajasthan 2010
Report of a 5-day participatory workshop conducted by WHO India and IIHMR Jaipur
with support from UNOPS-NIPI in September 2010, to assess the status of child
health program in Rajasthan. Based on a package developed at the global level, this
initiative known as the Short Program Review-Child Health (SPR-CH), reviews the
goals, objectives, interventions and activities of child health program along the
continuum of care process, identifies areas requiring strengthening, and
recommends actions to decision-makers for improving program effectiveness
IIHMR 2010
The Global Campaign for the
Health Millennium
Development Goals 2010:
Putting the Global strategy
for Women’s and Children’s
This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development
Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in
putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This
Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in
USAID 2010
78
Health into action
September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations
The State of the World’s
Children 2009: Maternal and
Newborn Health
The 2009 annual report by UNICEF focuses on maternal and neonatal health. It
analyzes the status, trend and causes of maternal and neonatal mortality and
morbidity in the world, explores the successful programs and policies for creating a
supporting environment and continuum of care across time and location, and
advocates strengthening of health systems and partnerships for improving maternal
and neonatal health
UNICEF 2009
Tracking progress in Maternal, Newborn and Child Survival: The 2008 Report
This report was developed by the ‘Countdown to 2015’ collaboration to track
coverage of interventions needed to attain MDGs 4 and 5 (and parts of MDGs 1, 6,
and 7) in 68 priority countries of the world bearing the highest burden of maternal
and child mortality. It also takes stock of progress in maternal and child survival,
identifies gaps in knowledge, and proposes new actions to achieve these MDGs
UNICEF 2008
WHO Antenatal care
randomized trial: Manual for
the implementation of the
new model
This manual describes the principles, overview and components of the WHO
antenatal care model (with lower number of ANC visits compared to the standard
model), the findings of a multi-centre RCT of this model and results from an earlier
systematic review. It also provides guidance on how to conduct the four-visit
schedule of the new model for the management of pregnant women who do not have
evidence of any complication or risk factor
WHO 2002
Why are Maternal Mortality
Rates Lower in the MCH-FP
Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?
Published in 2009, this study by Pathfinder International compares maternal mortality
in the Maternal Child Health-Family Planning project (MCH-FP) in Matlab (a rural
sub-district of Bangladesh) and government-served Comparison Areas to assess the
Pathfinder International
2009
79
The Role of Pregnancy
Outcomes
impact of the project on maternal mortality, and, if so, the extent to which differences
between the areas in pregnancy outcomes and their case-fatality rates explain the
maternal mortality difference
Women on the front lines of Health Care: State of the World’s Mothers 2010
The eleventh annual report on the ‘State of the World’s Mothers’ published by Save
the Children in 2010 focuses on the critical shortage of health workers and shows
how investments in training and deploying female health workers have paid-off in
terms of lives saved and illnesses averted. It points to the availability of low-cost,
low-tech solutions that could save millions more lives, provided they were more
widely available and used
Save the Children
2010
Training Child anaemia training
module
A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of UP and
Jharkhand developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. This module
provides basic information about child and maternal anemia in UP/Jharkhand, and
builds capacity of these workers to effectively deliver the service components
including counseling to the clients and their family members
USAID
Counselling for maternal and newborn health: A handbook for building skills
This handbook was developed by the WHO in 2008 to strengthen counselling and
communication skills of health care providers and help them to effectively convey to
women, families and communities the key issues surrounding pregnancy, childbirth,
postpartum and postnatal care
WHO 2008
Government Training – Asha
Prashikshako ke liye
Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1
(HINDI)
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are
designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in
Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part
reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field
NHSRC 2010
80
of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of
Module 7).
Government Training –
Foundation course for re-
orientation in Basic
Emergency (Essential)
Obstetric Care: Trainees
Manual
This manual for a 2-day training course was developed by the MoHFW in
collaboration with NIHFW and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) in 2010
to complement the ongoing SBA training programme. Aimed at improving and
updating existing knowledge and skills of service providers (Medical Officers, Staff
nurses, ANMs) in providing Basic Essential Obstetric Care, the course is divided into
nine modules to help the health care provider understand the complications of child
birth and their possible solutions
NIHFW 2010
Government Training – Notes for ASHA Trainers: Part 1
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of
trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The
notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of
ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn
health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).
NHSRC 2010
Government Training-- A
handbook for Auxiliary
Nurse Midwives, Lady
Health Visitors and Staff
Nurses (NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this handbook for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and
Staff Nurses (SNs) contains information on the check-lists and case studies on the
skills that the Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) is expected to master to provide quality
care during pregnancy and child birth
MoHFW 2010
Government Training-- Life
saving anesthetic skills for
Emergency Obstetric Care:
Log book for trainees
Developed by the MOHFW and AIIMS, this logbook is part of a training to equip the
MBBS doctors with necessary skills and competencies to manage cases requiring
life saving emergency obstetric care at the FRUs through a short course. It would
also assist the trainers in assessing performance of participants and identifying their
deficiencies to improve them during the training period
MoHFW
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Government Training--
Trainer's Guide for
Conducting Training of
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives,
Lady Health Visitors and
Staff Nurses (NEW)
Revised and updated by the MOHFW in the year 2010 (initial publication in 2005),
this guide is designed to support systematic and methodological training of Auxiliary
Nurse Midwives (ANMs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Staff Nurses (SNs) in
provision of skilled care during pregnancy and child birth. It provides instructions for
the trainer on how to plan and operationalize the health facility for conducting the
SBA training, how to conduct each session and use appropriate teaching aids
MoHFW 2010
Infection prevention
practices in Emergency
Obstetric Care
This booklet by Engender Health describes the aseptic practices recommended in
specific Emergency Obstetric Care procedures and provides information on options
and acceptable modifications to routine practice during emergency
Engender Health
2003
Maternal anemia training
module
A training module for the frontline health workers of Government of Jharkhand
developed with assistance from A2Z Micronutrient Project. The aim of this one day
training is to develop the capacity of front line workers in Jharkhand to effectively
deliver services for the control of maternal anemia
A2Z, USAID - Micronutrient Project
Training Curriculum for
Traditional Birth Attendants
This document developed by RACHNA and USAID provides guidance to the trainers
about the preparation, curriculum and the activities required during the training of
Traditional Birth Attendants on improving maternal and newborn health
RACHNA and USAID
2002
Scientific Articles
A study for assessing birth
preparedness and
complication readiness
intervention in Rewa District
of Madhya Pradesh
A study conducted by the Department of Community Medicine, S.S Medical College,
Madhya Pradesh in 2008-09 with support from NIHFW to assess the status of birth
preparedness and complication readiness interventions in the Rewa district of MP.
Using cluster sampling technique, the survey evaluated the availability of resources,
the knowledge and skills of health providers, and awareness and knowledge of
pregnant women and families regarding birth preparedness
NIHFW 2009
A systematic review of inequalities in the use of maternal health care in developing countries: examining the scale of the problem and the importance
A systematic review published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in
2007 to assess the extent of variation in the use of key maternal health care
interventions in developing countries according to women’s place of residence and
her socio-economic status. It further analyses these variations depending upon the
WHO 2007
82
of context strength of evidence and investigates their contextual circumstances
Alternative strategies to
reduce maternal mortality in
India: a cost-effectiveness
analysis (NEW)
Published in PLoS Medicine in 2010, this article estimates the health and economic
outcomes of various strategies to reduce maternal mortality in India. Using
computer-based modeling that simulates women through pregnancy and child birth,
the researchers estimated the effect of various strategies (family planning, safe
abortion, access to obstetric care, etc) on clinical outcomes (pregnancies, deliveries,
live births, etc), costs and cost-effectiveness in India
BIOMED - PLoS Medicine
2010
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series (Part 4):
Reducing stillbirths:
screening and monitoring
during pregnancy and
labour
This is the fourth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009.
This systematic review analyzes the available published evidence for the impact of
14 screening and monitoring interventions in pregnancy on stillbirth, including
identification and management of high-risk pregnancies, advanced monitoring
techniques, and monitoring of labour
Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series (Part 5):
Reducing stillbirths:
interventions during labour
This fifth article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for eight interventions delivered during childbirth.
These interventions include care primarily provided at secondary and tertiary level
large teaching/research hospitals with surgical capacity, that are of potential benefit
for perinatal health and prevention of stillbirths
Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part
1): 3.2 million stillbirths:
epidemiology and overview
of the evidence review
This first article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009 outlines
issues in the availability and quality of data related to stillbirths, and the global
epidemiology of stillbirths. It further describes the methodology and framework used
for the subsequent systematic reviews of interventions and strategies to prevent
stillbirths
Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part
2): Reducing stillbirths:
This second article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for non-clinical interventions (behavioural and
Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth
2009
83
behavioural and nutritional
interventions before and
during pregnancy
nutritional interventions) with a biologically plausible impact on stillbirth incidence
that can be delivered via reproductive health or ANC services before or during
pregnancy. The review focuses on interventions targeting socially mediated risk
factors for stillbirth and which can be delivered in low and middle income countries at
the community level
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part
3): Reducing stillbirths:
prevention and management
of medical disorders and
infections during pregnancy
This third article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for 16 antenatal interventions to address the known
clinical risk factors for stillbirths that are treatable or preventable during antenatal
period. The risk factors such as infections, malaria, lack of access to health facilities
and poor antenatal care were reviewed.
Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth
2009
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth
Stillbirth Series 2009 (Part
6): Delivering interventions
to reduce the global burden
of stillbirths: improving
service supply and
community demand
This last article of the BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth Stillbirth Series 2009
systematically reviews evidence for community and health systems approaches to
improve uptake and quality of antenatal and intrapartum care for reducing stillbirths.
It further synthesizes programme and policy recommendations for how best to
deliver evidence-based interventions at the community and the facility levels, across
the continuum of care.
Journal BMC Pregnancy & Child Birth
2009
Child Survival and Safe
Motherhood Program in
Rajasthan
A community-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2004 in a rural area of
Rajasthan as a field exercise by the participants of a Field Epidemiology Training
Program to estimate the immunization coverage under the Universal Immunization
Program and the reasons for their failure, and to evaluate the status of antenatal
care and delivery practices including immunization coverage of Tetanus toxoid.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
2006
Community-based
Interventions for Improving Published in 2005, this systematic review of community-based antenatal,
Pediatrics 2005
84
Perinatal and Neonatal
Health Outcomes in
Developing Countries: A
Review of the Evidence
intrapartum, and postnatal trials (both RCTs and quazi-randomized trials) aims to
identify interventions with sufficient evidence of success for inclusion in community-
based neonatal care programs in developing countries, to identify gaps in
knowledge, and to suggest priority areas for future research and program learning.
Comparison of domiciliary and institutional delivery care practices in rural Rajasthan, India
A retrospective cross-sectional study published in 2009 to assess key childbirth
practices, compare the roles of care providers attending domiciliary and institutional
deliveries, and to estimate care provider-preferences and costs incurred by families
seeking maternal and newborn care in rural Rajasthan, India.
Journal of Health Population and Nutrition
2009
Direct cost of maternity-care
services in south Delhi: a
community survey (NEW)
Published in the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition in 2009, this article
documents the findings of a community survey conducted in Delhi to estimate the
direct maternity care expenses for women who recently delivered in southern part of
the city, and explore its socio-demographic associations.
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
2009
Emergency Obstetric Care
and Referral: Experience of
Two Midwife-led Health
Centres in Rural Rajasthan,
India
This article documents the experience of two Primary Health Centers from the
interior rural areas of Rajasthan where trained nurse-midwives are providing skilled
maternal and newborn care round the clock, and its result in terms of maternal and
neonatal deaths.
ARTH 2009
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 1) -
Maternal mortality: who,
when, where, and why
This first article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 provides systematic
global estimate of the burden, geographical distribution, timing and major causes of
maternal deaths occurring worldwide, along with the factors responsible for
LANCET 2006
85
inequalities in the risk of maternal deaths.
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 2) -
Strategies for Reducing
Maternal Mortality: Getting
on with What Works
The second article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the
research-informed strategic choices available for reducing maternal mortality,
advocates the primary care/health centre intrapartum-care strategy backed up by
access to referral-level facilities as the best bet to bring down high maternal
mortality, and discusses the delays and priority issues for safe motherhood
programming.
LANCET 2006
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 3) - Going
to Scale with Professional
Skilled Care
The third article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 describes the
obstacles/gaps to the expansion of quality maternal care, the importance of training,
deployment and retention of health workers for improving coverage of care, and
advocates teams of providers as an efficient option for scaling up coverage of
maternal care.
LANCET 2006
Lancet Maternal Survival
Series 2006 (Part 4) -
Mobilizing Financial
Resources for Maternal
Health
This fourth article of the Lancet Maternal Survival Series 2006 explains the case for
investment in maternal health, considers ways to channelize financial resources for
maternal health within countries, and examines the limitations and successes of
financial mechanisms and alternative methods in improving quality of care and
ensuring access to the poor.
LANCET 2006
Maternal Healthcare
Financing: Gujarat’s
Chiranjeevi Scheme and its
Beneficiaries
Chiranjeevi Scheme is a public-private partnership developed by the state of Gujarat
to provide institutional delivery, specifically emergency obstetric care for the poor.
This case study explores the targeting of the scheme, its coverage, socio economic
profile of the beneficiaries, and to assess financial protec¬tion offered by the scheme
Journal of Health Population and Nutrition
2009
86
in one of the initial pilot districts.
Maternal health situation in
India: a case study
This case study published in 2009 evaluates the status of maternal health in India
including the national maternal health programs, trends in maternal mortality, the
healthcare-delivery system at different levels, and the recent innovative strategies. It
also identifies reasons for limited success and suggests measures to rectify them.
Journal of Health Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No. 2
2009
National estimates for
maternal mortality: an
analysis based on the WHO
systematic review of
maternal mortality and
morbidity
Published in 2005 in the journal BMC Public Health, this article analyzes the
nationally representative estimates of maternal mortality across the globe derived
from a systematic review conducted earlier by the WHO (to provide standardized
data on incidence/prevalence of maternal morbidity and mortality), and evaluates the
association between study-specific and country-specific variables with the existing
maternal mortality estimates using regression modeling.
BMC Public Health
2005
Pregnancy-related Deaths in
Rural Rajasthan, India:
Exploring Causes, Context,
and Care-seeking Through
Verbal Autopsy
Published in 2009, this verbal autopsy study identifies the major causes of death
among women of reproductive age group in rural Rajasthan, describes their care-
seeking patterns, and assesses the influence of social, economic and gender factors
on the care-seeking behaviour.
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition - Vol. 27, No. 2
2009
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: Impact on
economic growth of
investing in maternal–
newborn health (Part 3)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the
evidence of the impact on economic growth of investments in maternal-newborn
health.
WHO 2006
87
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: economic
vulnerability and social
implications (Part 1)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper reviews evidence base on economic
vulnerability and social implications in relation to maternal-newborn ill health, and
highlights major gaps in this evidence base.
WHO 2006
The effect of maternal–
newborn ill-health on
households: the costs of
maternal newborn illness
and mortality (Part 2)
A series of papers developed through a joint effort of three Geneva based WHO
departments in 2006 to evaluate the actual impact and costs of maternal and
newborn ill-health and death at the individual, familial and societal level, and their
impact on poverty. This particular paper provides a systematic review of the
estimation of the cost of illness related to maternal–newborn ill-health.
WHO 2006
Statistical Publication
Antenatal care in developing
countries. Promises,
achievements and missed
opportunities: An analysis
of trends, levels and
differentials
Published in 2003, this paper prepared by WHO and UNICEF provides a detailed
report of the trends in antenatal care in the developing countries during the period
1990-2000, with analysis of their achievements and missed opportunities. The data
was usually obtained from household surveys and does not give information on the
content and quality of services.
WHO 2003
Baseline Survey on Child
and Related Maternal Health
Care: Bihar (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of Bihar
where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant
2009
88
mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to evaluate the
status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify gaps in the
existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and opportunities, and
develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
Baseline Survey on Child
and Related Maternal Health
Care: Madhya Pradesh (NIPI
Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Madhya Pradesh where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to
reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
Baseline Survey on Child
and Related Maternal Health
Care: Orissa (NIPI Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Orissa where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
Baseline Survey on Child
and Related Maternal Health
Care: Rajasthan (NIPI
Report)
Findings from the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the three districts of
Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce
infant mortality and to improve maternal health. The survey was conducted to
2009
89
evaluate the status of child and related maternal health in these districts, identify
gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs and
opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
Baseline survey on child
and related maternal health
care: Consolidated report
(NIPI Report)
Consolidated report of the baseline survey conducted in 2008-09 in the four states of
Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where the Norway India Partnership
Initiative (NIPI) is working to reduce infant mortality and to improve maternal health.
The survey was conducted to evaluate the status of child and related maternal
health, identify gaps in the existing service delivery mechanism, assess the needs
and opportunities, and develop benchmark indicators for project implementation.
2009
Coverage Evaluation
Survey: All India Report
2005
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2005 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrum feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.
UNICEF 2005
Coverage Evaluation
Survey: All India Report
2006
This survey conducted by UNICEF in 2006 assesses the coverage, accessibility and
availability of routine immunization services and maternal health services (ANC,
delivery care, PNC) across all the States and Union Territories of India, and
evaluates the availability/use of iodized salt and initiation of breast feeding and
colostrums feeding. It also identifies key problems in delivery of these services.
UNICEF 2006
90
Fact sheet All States
This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators
and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and
TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS
Bulletins and from Census 2001.
NHSRC
Tracking progress in
Maternal, Newborn and
Child Survival: India 2008
report
The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the
progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn
Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues,
based on the latest data from the country.
2008
91
TOPIC: NUTRITION
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policy, Program, Guidelines
Anthropometric Indicators Measurement Guide
Developed by the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project with financial
support from USAID in 2003, this guide describes the anthropometric indicators
used for assessment and monitoring of nutritional status of infants and young
children. It outlines the importance of specific indicators, the steps for collecting
data, the equipments & methods of measurement, comparison of data with the
reference standard, and the technique of data analysis.
AED 2003
Government Guidelines -- National Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding
This document outlines the National Guideline on Infant and Young Child Feeding
developed by the Department of Women and Child Development to advocate the
cause and improvement of child nutrition, disseminate the correct norms of
breastfeeding and complementary feeding at all levels, and help plan efforts for
raising awareness and commitment for achieving optimal feeding practices.
Department of Women and Child
Department
2004
Government Guidelines -- Operational guidelines for Nutrition Rehabilitation Centers (NRC)
This guideline by the Govt. of Orissa provides operational guidance for setting up
Nutrition Rehabilitation Center for the institutional care and management of
malnourished children. It gives information on the infrastructure and equipment
needs of the centre, criteria for admission, training requirement, types of services,
mechanism of monitoring and follow-up, and financial arrangements
NRHM 2008
Government Guidelines-- Operational guidelines for
Developed by the Department of Health and Family Welfare Govt. of Orissa, this NRHM 2009
92
Pustikar Diwas: A child survival initiative
document provides guidance for operationalising a fixed day (on the 15th day of
every month and known as ‘Pustikar Diwas’) at the Block PHC/CHC level to ensure
effective management, treatment and referral of severely malnourished children
less than five years of age. This initiative has been started in collaboration with the
State’s Women and Child Development Department.
Government Policy -- Review of the policy regarding micronutrients – Iron Folic Acid
A government circular issued in April 2007 by the Child Health division of the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare detailing the approved national policy on
Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation in the country. It informs about the dosages
and duration of IFA supplementation to be followed for the different age groups
MOHFW 2007
Government Policy -- Revised policy guidelines on National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme
The Revised Policy Guidelines on NIDDCP of 2006 describes the magnitude of IDD in
the country, the major achievements of the ongoing national programme, and the
various aspects of the program in respect of new IDD survey guidelines suggested
by ICMR including biochemical testing.
MOHFW 2006
Government Policy -- Vitamin A Supplementation Programme in Children
A government circular issued in November 2006 by the Child Health division of the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare regarding the revised national policy on
Vitamin A supplementation Programme for children in the country. An attached
note details the revised policy to be followed regarding prevention of Vitamin A
deficiency, administration of its supplementation dose, and treatment of its
deficiency
MOHFW 2006
Guidelines for Designing Evaluations of Community Based Nutrition Promotion Programs
This document published by the World Bank in 2007 provides guidance for
evaluating the planning, technical and operational implementation and impact of
community based nutrition programs. World Bank 2007
93
Guidelines for the Inpatient Treatment of Severely Malnourished Children
A guideline developed by the WHO in 2003 to provide practical help for the people
responsible for dietary management and medical treatment of severely
malnourished children. WHO 2003
Guiding Principles for Feeding Non-Breastfed Children 6-24 Months of Age
Published by the WHO in 2005, this document provides guidance on appropriate
feeding of breastfed infants from six months onwards. It gives the
recommendations along with the scientific rationale on issues related to quality,
quantity, safety, hygiene and feeding during and after illness for such infants and
young children.
WHO 2005
Guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies
This document published by the WHO in 2004 provides guidance on the feeding of
infants and young children during emergencies together with the explanation and
significance of each of the working principles, their implication, and suggested
actions to help prevent increased morbidity and mortality.
WHO 2004
HIV and infant feeding: A guide for health care managers and supervisors
Based on new scientific and epidemiological information, this document published
by the WHO in 2003 provides guidance to health-care managers and supervisors on
issues regarding organization of infant and young child feeding services in the
context of HIV, including areas of special concern.
WHO 2003
HIV and infant feeding: Framework for priority action
Based on new scientific and epidemiological information, this framework published
by the WHO in 2003 recommends priority actions to be taken at policy level
regarding the infant and young child feeding under special circumstances associated
with HIV/AIDS. This document encourages use of appropriate feeding practices and
of scaling up interventions to reduce HIV transmission.
WHO 2003
HIV and infant feeding: Guidelines for decision
Based on new scientific and epidemiological information, this document published WHO 2003
94
makers by the WHO in 2003 provides guidance to decision-makers on issues requiring
consideration in relation to infant and young child feeding in the context of HIV, and
to highlight areas of special concern on which policy decisions need to be adapted
for local use.
Management of severe malnutrition: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers
Developed by the WHO in 1999 for health personnel working at the central and
district level including physicians, nurses, and midwives, this manual provides
guidelines on the evaluation, initial treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up of
severely malnourished children below the age of 5 years in hospitals and health
centers. It also briefly discusses the management of malnutrition in emergencies
and management of malnutrition in adolescents and adults.
WHO 1999
The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care
The Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global effort launched by the WHO
and UNICEF in 1991 to implement practices that protect, promote and support
breastfeeding. Its resource materials for training have been revised, updated and
expanded in 2009 to provide integrated care. This package now includes five
sections:
Section 1: Background and Implementation
Section 2: Strengthening and Sustaining the BFHI, a course for decision-makers
Section 3: Breastfeeding Promotion and Support in a Baby-Friendly Hospital, a 20-
hour course for maternity staff
Section 4: Hospital Self Appraisal and Monitoring
Section 5: External Assessment and Reassessment
WHO / UNICEF
2006
What are the options? Using formative research to adapt global recommendations on HIV and infant feeding to the local context
Published by the WHO in 2004, this document provides guidance to program
managers, researchers, and policy makers on how to conduct formative research to
establish the range of replacement feeding options and breast-milk feeding options
in the context of HIV and infant feeding that may be acceptable, feasible,
affordable, sustainable and safe (AFASS) in different settings.
WHO 2004
95
Technical Publications
A consensus call to national child health programs: Drop Mixed-Feeding
Developed by the South Asia Breastfeeding Partners' Forum-4 in 2007, this
document summarizes the recommendations on the policy and programme
implications requiring attention to stop mixed feeding by HIV positive mothers IBFAN Asia 2008
Asia Pacific Conference on Breastfeeding and National Convention of BPNI 2003
Summary report of the First Asia Pacific Conference on Breastfeeding held in New
Delhi, India in December 2003 which was attended by representatives of 38
countries. The theme of the conference was ‘Infant and Young Child Feeding: From
Policy to Practice’.
BPNI 2003
Assessment of Status of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in practice, policy and program: Achievements and Gaps.
A report on the workshop held in 2005 to discuss the nation-wide assessment
conducted by BPNI to identify achievements and gaps in the existing policy,
program and practices in reference to Infant and Young Child Feeding. The report
was finalized after a consensus process involving key stakeholders
BPNI 2005
BPNI WBW Action Folder 2002
Developed on the eve of the World Breastfeeding Week 2002, this document
advocates the importance of mother’s health including women’s right to humane
and non-invasive birthing practices, and describes the actions required to improve
the health status of mothers
BPNI 2002
BPNI WBW Action Folder 2003
Developed on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2003, this document describes
the challenges of globalization, and also the opportunities provided by it for
protecting, promoting and supporting breast feeding. BPNI 2003
BPNI’s 3 years Report This report provides a quick view of the work BPNI had done during the period of 3
years (April 2003 to March 2006) to impact on the nutrition, health, development, BPNI 2006
96
and survival of infants and young children.
Beyond survival: Integrated delivery care practices for long-term maternal and infant Nutrition, Health and Development
This document by WHO PAHO focuses on 3 key practices for continuum of maternal
newborn care at the community level – delayed cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact,
and early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding. It reviews the current evidence on
the nutritional and health benefits of these interventions followed by discussion on
the feasibility of their implementation.
WHO-PAHO 2007
Breaking the law and undermining breastfeeding – Series 1
An advocacy paper published by BPNI explaining the laws/legislation and the
prohibited actions under ‘The IMS Act’. The first part of the series describes the
activities undertaken by the baby food companies to market their product and how
these actions violate the IMS Act.
BPNI 2005
Breast milk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and Young Children
A technical publication on the recommended feeding and dietary practices for
improving Vitamin A status in the mother, newborn baby, and the growing infant,
and the various actions that can be taken at different levels to promote it. LINKAGES 2000
Breastfeeding and brain development
An information sheet prepared by IBFAN Asia Pacific and BPNI in 2005 summarizing
the studies conducted globally to indicate positive correlation between
breastfeeding and brain/cognitive development of the infants. BPNI / IBFAN 2008
Breastfeeding and family foods: Loving and Healthy
Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2005, this brochure
gives information on the importance of continued breastfeeding after six months of
age along with timely introduction of complimentary foods, the correct process and
the types of food to be introduced, and the IMS Act.
BPNI 2005
Breastfeeding: A Vital Emergency Response
Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2009, this brochure BPNI 2009
97
explains the vital role played by breastfeeding as a lifeline for infants in
emergencies, brings forth the challenges in protecting breastfeeding in emergencies
and assesses India’s readiness to take on the challenge
Breastfeeding: The First Hour Save One Million Babies
Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2007, this brochure
informs about the benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding, the steps and actions
required to promote it, and its usefulness in improving child survival. BPNI 2007
Challenging Assumptions: Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS
A policy brief by PATH summarizes the benefits of breastfeeding by HIV Positive
mothers in reducing the risk of HIV transmission in breastfed children, and
advocates increased adoption of WHO guidelines on infant feeding and HIV. PATH 2008
Child and Maternal Nutrition in India
Developed by USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative, this factsheet summarizes the status of
child and maternal nutrition in India, lists the interventions that work, and
advocates actions for improving their status. USAID -
Childhood Obesity and Non Communicable Diseases: ICMR-CIHR Workshop
Report of the 2 day joint workshop conducted by ICMR and Canadian Institutes of
Health Research in 2009 on the causes and prevention of childhood obesity. The
main themes of discussion were epidemiologic transition & its consequences, early
origins of obesity, the obesogenic environment and public health interventions.
ICMR 2009
Community based strategies for breastfeeding promotion and support in developing countries
Published by the WHO in 2003, this review examines the role of communities and
community-based resource persons (interventions) in promoting and supporting
optimal breastfeeding practices in developing countries. Based on a review of the
literature and an analysis of three projects, it assesses the impact of these
interventions, the mechanisms through which behaviours can be changed, and the
LINKAGES 2003
98
factors that are necessary to maximize and sustain the benefits of interventions.
Community-Level Interventions to Prevent and Treat Anemia: A Review of Evidence from India
A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of
USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document
outlines the review on community-level interventions for anemia prevention and
treatment, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the
recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after
analysis of the interventions.
USAID 2008
Defining the issues for Vitamin A
This document developed by the A2Z Project in 2007 reviews the existing evidence
and the gaps related to Vitamin A supplementation in children and women of
reproductive age group, the methods of assessing its status, the strategies to
prevent and control its deficiency, and the barriers to scale up sustainable
interventions.
AED 2007
Evidence for the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding
Developed in 1998 by the WHO/UNICEF, this document summarizes the practices
necessary to support breastfeeding along with review of evidence for the efficacy of
the ‘Ten Steps to successful breastfeeding’, to act as a tool for both advocacy and
education. These Ten Steps are the foundation of their Baby Friendly Hospital
Initiative (BFHI).
WHO 1998
Exclusive Breastfeeding: The Gold Standard
A brochure by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2004 emphasizing the
importance of exclusive breast feeding as a safe, sound and sustainable strategy for BPNI 2004
99
improving child survival, and promoting it as the societal norm for normal babies as
well as in special conditions of LBW babies and HIV positive mothers.
Facts for Feeding: Birth, initiation of breastfeeding, and the first seven days after birth
‘Facts for Feeding’ is a series of publication from the LINKAGES project of USAID on
the recommended feeding and dietary practices to improve nutritional status at
various stages of life cycle. This document developed in 2003 summarizes the
recommended practices/processes to be followed at the time of birth, initiation of
breastfeeding, and during the first seven days after birth.
LINKAGES 2003
First Regional Workshop on Promoting Child Survival, Nutrition and Health by Achieving Optimal IYCF Practices
Summary report of the First Regional Workshop of the Northern states of India held
in New Delhi in June 2006 for Promoting Child Survival, Nutrition and Health by
achieving optimal IYCF practices. BPNI 2006
Global response to contamination of powdered infant formula with E Sakazakii
A technical publication developed by BPNI summarizing different actions taken by
various government and UN agencies across the globe against contamination of
powdered infant formula with Enterobacter sakazakii. BPNI 2007
Government Circular-- Government order for revised norms for monitoring and evaluation mechanism at the State Government/UT administration level under ICDS Scheme
A copy of the Government order issued by the Ministry of Women and Child
Development (MWCD) in May 2009 informing about the revised norms for
strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanism under the centrally sponsored
ICDS Scheme.
MOWCD 2009
Government Circular-- Guidelines for provision of Pre-school Education Kits for Anganwadi Centers under ICDS Scheme
A Government order issued by the MWCD in May 2009 informing the States and the
Union Territories about the revised guideline for provision of Pre-school Education
kit for Anganwadi centers under the ICDS Scheme. MOWCD 2009
Government Circular--Minutes of a meeting convened by the MWCD in October 2009 to discuss the MOWCD 2009
100
Proposed IDA assisted ICDS-IV Project: meeting with the State Secretaries and Directors of eight states to discuss the project preparation and related issues
preparation of the project implementation plans (PIPs) and related issues under the
ICDS-IV Project.
Government Report-- Minutes of the first quarterly review meeting during 2009-10 for the monitoring of the ICDS Training Programme
Minutes of the first quarterly review meeting conducted by the MWCD in August
2009 to review the implementation of the ICDS Training Programme during 2008-
2009. MOWCD 2009
Government Report--Implementation Completion report of World Bank Assisted ICDS-III/WCD Project: Evaluation report by Govt. of India
A report published by the Government of India in 2006 evaluating Phase III of the
World Bank assisted Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Project. The
project was implemented in 1999 in the 5 states of Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar
Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and envisaged strengthening and improvement in
service quality in existing blocks while introducing ICDS services in new blocks
especially those in disadvantaged rural areas, tribal areas and hard to reach areas.
MOWCD 2006
IBFAN Asia Position Statement on HIV and Infant Feeding
A position paper developed by IBFAN and BPNI in 2008 outlining their
recommendations on infant feeding and HIV. The recommendations are based on
latest research findings and protocols IBFAN / BPNI 2008
Improving Complementary Feeding Practices: A Review of Evidence from South Asia
A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of
USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document
USAID 2008
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outlines the review on interventions for improving complementary feeding
practices in the community, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the
recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after
analysis of the interventions.
Improving Performance of Community-Level Health and Nutrition Functionaries: A Review of Evidence in India
A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of
USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document
outlines the review on interventions for improving the performance of community-
level health and nutrition functionaries (ANMs, AWWs, ASHAs), summarizes the
selected interventions, and shares the recommendations and evidence gaps
identified by a technical expert group after analysis of the interventions.
USAID 2008
India protects Breastfeeding An advocacy paper by BPNI summarizing the actions prohibited under the Infant
Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods (Regulation of Production,
Supply and Distribution) Amendment Act, 2003, also known as 'The IMS Act of
2003'.
BPNI 2005
India’s Undernourished Children: A call for reform and action
A discussion paper produced by the World Bank in 2005 which explores the
dimensions of child undernutrition in India, examines the effectiveness of the
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program in addressing it, and
discusses a number of actions that can be taken to bridge the gap between the
policy intentions of ICDS and its actual implementation.
Word Bank 2005
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Infant feeding and HIV: A regional colloquium for the Asia Pacific
A report produced by BPNI/IBFAN summarizing the deliberations and outcomes of
the colloquium held in 2003 which was attended by agencies/experts from the
HIV/AIDS and infant feeding fields from 29 countries, to work on common strategies
and actions to ensure the survival of young children in the context of growing
HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Asia Pacific region.
BPNI / IBFAN 2003
Infant feeding in emergency situations: a report from the National Convention of BPNI
Report from the National Convention of BPNI held in 2005 on ‘Infant feeding in
Emergency situations’. It includes relevant background information, brief
proceedings of the scientific session held during the national convention on the
topic, views of several stakeholders, reports from the four states who faced natural
disasters, and recommendations from the scientific session as agreed by all
participants.
BPNI 2005
Introducing the new WHO child growth standards: Report of a Regional Workshop 2006
A report of the regional workshop held by WHO SEARO at Bangkok, Thailand in
2006 to orient the member countries to the new WHO Child Growth Standards,
identify challenges and opportunities in adapting the new standards based on the
existing growth monitoring practices, and formulate a draft framework for action
plans for adapting the new standards in individual countries.
WHO 2006
Making Gains in Nutrition and Health: Micronutrients Lead the Way
Developed by the USAID in 2000, this document advocates the importance of
micronutrients on child survival with particular emphasis on Vitamin A, Iron and
Iodine, briefly describes the epidemiology of their deficiency states, and suggests
actions/solutions for improving micronutrient health along with case studies from
different countries.
USAID 2000
Micronutrients, Health and Development: Evidence based Programs, the 2nd
Report of the 2nd International Meeting of the Micronutrient Forum held in Beijing,
China in May 2009. The theme of the conference was to discuss the current status Sight and Life 2009
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International Meeting of the Micronutrient Forum
of evidence-based micronutrient programs and different strategies on how to scale
them up.
Mother Support: Going for the Gold
Published by BPNI on the eve of World Breastfeeding Week 2008, this brochure
gives information about the importance and actions required to support a
breastfeeding mother at the level of family, healthcare facility, workplace,
government/legislation, and in emergency or crisis.
BPNI 2008
Nutrition Essentials The fourth part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child
health and nutrition in India. This document describes the burden of malnutrition,
the importance of each nutrient with its sources and deficiency disorders, and
strategies to ensure adequate nutrition in pregnant women, lactating mothers,
newborn babies, young infants and children.
CARE
Relactation: A review of experience and recommendations for practice
A document published by the WHO in 1998 reviewing evidence regarding
relactation and restoration of breastfeeding, and informs the health workers about
how to assist women and children in need of such help. WHO 1998
Repositioning Nutrition as central to development: A strategy for large scale action
A report developed by the World Bank in 2006 summarizing the importance of
nutrition as an investment for development, the causes and impact of malnutrition,
the main interventions for improving nutrition along with identified areas of gap,
the challenges for scaling up programs for under nutrition and micronutrient
malnutrition, and proposes steps for future action.
World Bank 2006
Review Meeting with the States on IDA assisted ICDS-IV/Reform project
Minutes of the meeting held by the MWCD in April 2008 with the eight States
selected under the ICDS-IV/Reform Project to review the progress in the
preparation of the State Project Implementation Plans (SPIPs) and the District
MOWCD 2008
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Annual Plans (DAPs).
Severe malnutrition: Report of a consultation to review current literature
Report of a consultation organized by the WHO in 2004 with the objective to review
new evidence in relation to the WHO guidelines for infants aged less than 6 months
and make appropriate changes if required, assess the guidelines in relation to the
care of severely malnourished children with HIV/AIDS, and identify a research
agenda for inpatient care of such children.
WHO 2004
South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum 4: A report
Report of the South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum-4 held in New Delhi, India in
December 2007. The theme of the conference was ‘Save Babies: Support Women to
Breastfeed’. IBFAN 2007
South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum 5: A report
Report of the South Asia Breastfeeding Partners Forum-5 held in Thimphu, Bhutan
in October 2008. The theme of the conference was “Protecting, Promoting and
Supporting Breastfeeding: Assess, Analyse and Act” IBFAN 2008
Status of Infant and Young Child Feeding in 49 Districts of India
Report of the study conducted by BPNI in 2003 to evaluate infant and young child
feeding practices and behavior, and systematically monitor the implementation of
the IMS Act in the selected districts across 25 states of India. BPNI 2003
Status of infant and young child feeding in Uttarakhand
A quantitative study conducted by BPNI in 2006 to evaluate the status of infant and
young child feeding practices in Uttarkhand, to assess the barriers to optimal
feeding practices, and to investigate the knowledge and skills of health care
providers and support provided by them on infant feeding practices in hospitals.
BPNI 2006
Strengthening ICDS for reduction of child malnutrition
This report summarizes the presentations and the discussions at a national
consultation organized by the MWCD and the World Bank in May 2006 to review MOWCD 2006
105
the characteristics and impact of the ICDS Scheme, and invite suggestions on how
to introduce substantial changes in the program’s design and implementation in
order to transform it into an intervention that effectively addresses the principal
causes of malnutrition.
Tackling obesity in its infancy A technical publication from IBFAN and BPNI in 2006 summarizing the available
scientific evidence on the role of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing the risk of
childhood obesity. IBFAN / BPNI 2006
The IMS Act: Making it Known to People
An advocacy brochure on ‘The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant
Foods Act 1992’ amended to ‘The IMS Act’ in 2003 to inform the readers about the
actions prohibited under the Act, and where to report in case of any violation of
rules by the food companies.
BPNI 2006
The Law To Protect, Promote And Support Breastfeeding
Published by BPNI this book attempts to explain in simple words the basic
provisions of the infant milk substitutes, feeding bottles and infant foods
(regulation of production, supply and distribution) amendment act. BPNI 2008
The State of Breastfeeding in 33 Countries: Tracking Infant and Young Child Feeding policies and programmes worldwide (NEW)
Published by BPNI/IBFAN-Asia in 2010, this report summarizes the assessment of
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) policies and programmes carried out in 33
countries using the tool World Breastfeeding Trends Initiatives (WBTi). The tool
analyzes 10 areas of action of the Global Strategy for IYCF and documents 5 optimal
IYCF practices (as recommended by WHO) at the national level through
participatory approach, and helps each country to identify the gaps and build
consensus to bridge them.
IBFAN 2010
The State of the World’s Breastfeeding: South Asia
Prepared by IBFAN Asia in 2007, this consolidated report provides information on IBFAN 2007
106
Report the initiatives taken by the eight South Asian countries to implement the ‘Global
strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding’. It gives a detailed analysis of the
feeding practices, policies and programmes in these countries, along with
background information on the status of child malnutrition and child survival.
Thematic workshop on Information, Education & Communication (IEC) & dissemination of findings of Social Assessment Study
Proceedings of a workshop organized by the MWCD and the World Bank in 2008 to
orient key stakeholders from the eight states (included under the ICDS-IV/Reform
Project) on the concepts of IEC and BCC, provide inputs on various aspects of
planning, implementation and monitoring for the IEC component of the PIPs, and
share findings from the Social Assessment Study conducted as part of the project.
MOWCD 2008
Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding within 1st Hour of Birth
A publication from IBFAN in 2007 describing the available scientific evidence on the
benefits of timely initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, the
factors affecting mother’s decision to initiate breastfeeding, and the actions needed
to support her.
IBFAN 2007
World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative: India Report 2008
Prepared by Public Health Resource Network (PHRN) and BPNI in 2008, this report
evaluates the progress made by India on the ten indicators of policy and
programmes under the framework of action in the Global Strategy for Infant and
Young Child Feeding, using the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) of
IBFAN Asia.
PHRN / BPNI 2008
World Breastfeeding Week 2009: Breastfeeding- A vital emergency response
Developed by the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA) on the eve of
World Breastfeeding Week 2009, this document briefly describes the importance of
breastfeeding during emergencies, the challenges to protect and support it, and the
actions that can be taken for preparedness and response.
WABA 2009
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Trainings Behavior Change Communication for improved Infant Feeding: Training of Trainers for negotiating sustainable behavior change
Developed by LINKAGES in 2004, this module aims to train community health
workers in BCC skills to improve infant feeding, and train the trainers to deliver such
trainings. It includes a community training module for training Community Health
Workers in BCC skills and infant feeding knowledge, and a training of trainers (TOT)
module to be used in combination with the community module.
LINKAGES 2004
Breastfeeding Counseling: A training course (Trainer's Guide)
This manual is part of the Breastfeeding counseling course developed by the
WHO/UNICEF in 1993 for the health workers. The document provides detailed
instructions to the trainers on how to conduct each session of training. It includes
description of the teaching methods, exercises together with suggested answers,
practical guidelines, summary boxes, forms, lists, and the checklists.
WHO 1993
Breastfeeding Counseling: A training course (Director’s guide)
This guide is part of the Breastfeeding Counseling course developed by the
WHO/UNICEF in 1993 for the health workers. The document provides guidance to
the course directors on how to plan and conduct a training of health workers to
enable them develop clinical and interpersonal skills for supporting optimal
breastfeeding practices. It includes the course outline, instructions for necessary
preparations, and a description of the facilities, materials, and equipment needed.
WHO 1993
Breastfeeding Counseling: A training course (Participants' manual)
This manual is part of the Breastfeeding Counseling course developed by the
WHO/UNICEF in 1993 for the health workers. The document provides useful
information to the participants to enable them develop clinical and interpersonal
skills for supporting optimal breastfeeding practices. The information is given in the
form of practical guidelines, summary boxes, forms, lists and checklists.
WHO 1993
Formative research and TIPs training report: Linkages project
A report on a workshop conducted by CRS and LINKAGES in 2003 to enhance the
capacity of workers in facilitating formative research n project sites under the safe 2003
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motherhood and child survival program, so as to explore the factors influencing
infant, children and maternal feeding practices in their areas.
HIV and Infant feeding counseling tools: Reference guide
A reference guide developed in 2005 by WHO/UNICEF and USAID (as part of a
package of tools) to help health workers counsel HIV positive mothers on infant
feeding issues. The guide contains an overview of the other tools and the
counselling process, in addition to technical information on HIV and infant feeding
for the counselors
WHO / UNICEF
2005
WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 1)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
The first module gives introduction to the training course, and briefly explains the
content of other modules and their learning objectives.
WHO 2008
WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 2)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This second module of the series of 5 modules provides training on how to
recognize signs of malnutrition, how to measure and record weight and height, and
how to calculate different anthropometric indicators.
WHO 2008
WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 3)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
WHO 2008
109
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This third module of the series of 5 modules provides information on the use of
growth charts to identify normal growth for a given child, and how to interpret
different growth indicators.
WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 4)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This fourth module of the series of 5 modules provides information on how to
inform mother/carer about the results of growth assessment, how to interview
them to identify cause of malnutrition, and how to counsel them for appropriate
feeding practices.
WHO 2008
WHO child growth standards: training course on child growth assessment (Module 5)
Training course of 5 modules designed by the WHO in 2008 as a tool for the
application of the new Child Growth Standards by the healthcare provider. The new
standards establish breastfed infants as the model for growth and development and
show what growth can be achieved with recommended feeding and health care.
This last module is a photo-booklet with pictures of different forms of malnutrition.
WHO 2008
Scientific Articles
A systematic review of maternal obesity and breastfeeding intention, initiation and duration
Published in the journal BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth in 2007, this systematic
review of observational studies (except case studies and clinical papers) analyses
the relationship between maternal overweight/obesity, and breastfeeding
intention, initiation and duration of breastfeeding.
BioMed Central
2007
Algorithms for Converting This paper published in 2008 provides algorithms for converting estimates of child WHO 2008
110
Estimates of Child Malnutrition Based on the NCHS Reference into Estimates Based on the WHO Child Growth Standards
malnutrition based on the NCHS reference into estimates based on the new WHO
growth standards. Developed using simple linear regression analysis, the algorithms
are aimed to help assist reanalysis of older data with the WHO Standards and make
it comparable.
Breastfeeding knowledge and practices amongst mothers in a rural population of north India: a community-based study
Published in the Journal of Tropical Pediatrics in 2008, this observational study
carried out in rural population of Haryana aims to identify the different
patterns/practices of breastfeeding among mothers of infants aged 0-6 months,
assess their breastfeeding knowledge, and identify various variables influencing the
practices and the knowledge.
Journal of Indian
Pediatrics 2008
Comparison of Ready-to-Use therapeutic food with cereal legume-based Khichri among malnourished children
Published in 2009 in the Journal of Indian Pediatrics, this preliminary trial with
cross-over design conducted in urban middle to low socioeconomic neighborhoods
of Delhi compares the acceptability and energy intake of ready-to-use therapeutic
food (RUTF) with cereal legume-based khichri among children in the age group of 6
to 36 months.
Journal of Indian
Pediatrics 2009
Comparison of the WHO Child Growth Standards and the CDC 2000 Growth Charts
Published in 2007, this article compares the WHO and CDC child growth curves for
weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and
BMI, and evaluate the growth performance of healthy breast-fed infants according
to the two standards.
WHO / CDC 2007
Comparison of the World
Health Organization (WHO)
Child Growth Standards and
the National Center for
Health Statistics/WHO
Published by the journal Public Health Nutrition in 2006, this article compares the
growth patterns and malnutrition estimates based on the new WHO Child Growth
Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO international
growth reference, and discuss implications for child health programmes. It includes
secondary analysis of longitudinal data for comparing growth patterns and data
WHO 2006
111
international growth
reference: implications for
child health programmes
from cross-sectional surveys for comparing malnutrition estimates among children
under 5 years.
Developmental readiness of
normal full-term infants to
progress from exclusive
breastfeeding to the
introduction of
complementary foods
Developed by the LINKAGES project of USAID in 2001, this document describes the
literature reviews undertaken to provide evidence for the best age (4 to 6 months
or 6 months) of introducing complementary foods into the diet of a breastfed
human infant. The reviews do not focus on health outcomes associated with
discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding at a particular age, but rather on the
biologic/developmental readiness in terms of four functions: gastrointestinal,
immunologic, oral motor and maternal reproductive processes related to
continuation of breast milk.
LINKAGES 2001
Field-testing the WHO Child
Growth Standards in Four
Countries
Published in 2007, this article presents the results of a field testing multinational
study conducted to evaluate the validity of the WHO growth standards against
clinician assessments of children’s attained linear growth and size. WHO 2007
Growth of Healthy Infants
and the Timing, Type, and
Frequency of Complementary
Foods
Published in 2002, this article analyzes data from a WHO multinational longitudinal
study to explore the associations between the timing of introduction of
complementary foods, the types of foods, and the frequency of both breast-feeding
and complementary foods on the growth pattern in breast-fed infants particularly
between 4 and 6 months of age.
WHO 2002
Impact of an integrated
nutrition and health
programme on neonatal
mortality in rural northern
Published in the Bulletin of World Health Organization in 2008, this study evaluates
the impact of a community-based package of maternal and newborn interventions
facilitated by a non-governmental organization and implemented at scale using the
existing government infrastructure through an integrated nutrition and health
WHO 2008
112
India programme. The evaluation conducted in two rural districts of Uttar Pradesh, looks
primarily at reduction in neonatal mortality.
Interventions for promoting
the initiation of breastfeeding
Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2005 and updated in 2008, the
objectives of this systematic review of RCTs were to identify and describe health
promotion activities which aim to encourage women to breastfeed, to evaluate and
compare the effectiveness of different types of such activities in terms of changes in
the number of women who initiate breastfeeding, and to report any other
beneficial or adverse effects.
Cochrane Library
Lipid profile of term infants
on exclusive breastfeeding
and mixed feeding: A
comparative study
A prospective comparative study conducted in a tertiary care hospital comparing
the lipid profiles of exclusively breastfed and mixed-fed term healthy infants in the
first 6 months of life.
Europeon Journal of
Clinical Nutrition
2007
Maternal and Child
Undernutrition 1: Global and
regional exposures and
health consequences
This is the first article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and Child
Undernutrition. This article estimates the magnitude of maternal and child
undernutrition and its short-term consequences in terms of child mortality and
disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).
LANCET 2008
Maternal and Child
Undernutrition 2:
Consequences for adult
health and human capital
The second article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and Child
Undernutrition reviews the evidence for long-term consequences of undernutrition
in terms of impact on adult human capital (height, school achievement, economic
productivity, birthweight of the offspring) and the risk of long-term/chronic disease
in adults.
LANCET 2008
Maternal and Child This is the third article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and LANCET 2008
113
Undernutrition 3: What
works? Interventions for
maternal and child
undernutrition and survival
Child Undernutrition. It summarizes the evidence about interventions with proven
effectiveness in reducing undernutrion and nutrition-related outcomes, assesses
their applicability in low and middle income countries, and estimates the potential
benefit of implementing these effective interventions.
Maternal and Child
Undernutrition 4: Effective
action at National level
This is the fourth article of the Lancet 2008 series of five papers on Maternal and
Child Undernutrition. This article reviews evidence from systematic reviews and
best practice reports to evaluate measures taken to reduce undernutrition in
countries with the highest burden, identifies seven key challenges for addressing
the problem at the national level, and describes the strategies to overcome these
challenges.
LANCET 2008
Optimal duration of exclusive
breastfeeding
Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 and updated in 2006, this
systematic review of controlled trials and observational studies assesses the effects
of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months versus exclusive breastfeeding for 3-4
months with mixed breastfeeding thereafter through six months, on child’s health,
growth and development, and on maternal health.
Cochrane Library
2002
The optimal duration of
Exclusive Breastfeeding: A
systematic review
A systematic review published by the WHO in 2002 to assess the effect of exclusive
breastfeeding for 6 months vs exclusive breastfeeding for 3–4 months with mixed
breastfeeding (introduction of complementary liquid or solid foods with continued
breastfeeding) thereafter through 6 months, on child health, growth, and
development.
WHO 2002
Use of new World Health
Organization child growth
standards to assess how
Published in the Bulletin of World Health Organization in 2010, this study compares
the prevalence of malnutrition using the WHO’s child growth standards versus the
National Center for Health Statistics growth reference by secondary analysis of a
WHO 2010
114
infant malnutrition relates to
breastfeeding and mortality
large dataset obtained from a multi-country RCT conducted in Ghana, Peru and
India. It also examines the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and
malnutrition, and determines the diagnostic accuracy of nutritional status indicators
for predicting infant deaths.
Statistical Information
Fact Sheet All States
This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators
and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and
TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS
Bulletins and from Census 2001.
NHSRC
Nutrition in India: National
Family Health Survey (NFHS
3) India 2005-06
This report produced by the International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) in
2009 provides evidence of the poor nutritional status of young children, women,
and men in India, and the lack of improvement in their status over time. The
findings of this report are based on the data from NFHS 3.
IIPS 2009
Tracking Progress in
Maternal, Newborn and Child
Survival: India 2008 Report
The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the
progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn
Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based
on the latest data from the country.
2008
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TOPIC: DISEASES – Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI)
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Scientific Articles
Comparative impact
assessment of child
pneumonia interventions
Using country-specific pneumonia burden estimates and the costs of intervention
provided by the WHO, this article compares the cost-effectiveness of various
interventions to reduce pneumonia mortality in children less than 5 years through
risk reduction, immunization and case management.
WHO 2009
Factors determining the
outcome of children
hospitalized with severe
pneumonia
A case-control study conducted to identify factors influencing both mortality and
morbidity among children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with severe
pneumonia (as defined by WHO) using a standard protocol for case management. BioMedCentral 2009
Technical Publication
Pneumonia: The forgotten
killer of children
Prepared by WHO/UNICEF in 2006, this report examines the epidemiological
evidence on the burden and distribution of pneumonia in children, assesses the
current levels and trends in knowledge, treatment and prevention, and suggests
actions with cost estimation for reducing child mortality due to pneumonia.
UNICEF 2006
Standardization of
interpretation of chest
radiographs for the diagnosis
of pneumonia in children
Developed by an international working group for the WHO in 2001, this document
describes the process of standardizing the radiological diagnosis of pneumonia in
children. The objective is to standardize collection of comparable data when
measuring pneumonia disease burden or estimating the impact of various
interventions in reducing the burden of pneumonia. It also describes an elaborate
WHO 2001
116
process for digitizing chest radiographs.
TOPIC: DISEASES -- Diarrhoea
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policies, Programs and Guidelines
Clinical management of acute
diarrhoea
A joint statement issued by the WHO/UNICEF in 2004 advocating two evidence-
based strategies for the management of acute diarrhoea – low osmolarity oral
rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc supplementation. This document also recommends
various actions to be taken at the level of mothers/caregivers, health workers,
countries, and WHO/UNICEF/other partners for the management of acute
diarrhoea.
WHO / UNICEF
2004
Generic protocols for (i)
hospital-based surveillance to
estimate the burden of
rotavirus gastroenteritis in
children, and (ii) a
community-based survey on
utilization of healthcare
services for gastroenteritis in
children
These two protocols have been developed by the WHO in 2002 to provide guidance
for hospital based surveillance of paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis, and how to
conduct survey on utilization of healthcare services for paediatric gastroenteritis at
the community level. Both protocols provide information on the main procedures
and suggested forms for data collection.
WHO 2002
Government Policy -- Use of
Zinc as an Alternate Therapy A government circular issued in November 2006 by the Child Health division of the
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare regarding the new policy of administering MoHFW 2006
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in the Treatment of Diarrhoea
Zinc in the national programme as an adjunct to ORS in the management of
diarrhoea in children older than 2 months. An attached note also describes the
minutes of an expert committee meeting (held in January 2006) that discussed the
role of Zinc and recommended its usage as an adjunct therapy.
The treatment of diarrhoea: a
manual for physician and
other senior health workers
Published by the WHO in 2005, this manual for physicians and other senior health
workers describes the principles and practices of treating infectious diarrhea
(including cholera and dysentery), especially in young children. It includes revised
guidelines for the management of acute diarrhea in children including the use of
low osmolarity ORS formulation and zinc supplementation.
WHO 2005
Scientific Articles
Cost effectiveness of Zinc as
Adjunct Therapy for Acute
Childhood Diarrhea in
Developing Countries
This article published in the Bulletin of the WHO in 2004 analyzes the incremental
costs, effects and cost-effectiveness of zinc used as adjunct therapy to standard
treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with ORS. With United Republic of Tanzania
as the reference settings, a decision tree was used to model the expected costs and
the expected clinical outcomes.
WHO 2004
Directing Diarrhoeal disease
research towards disease
burden reduction
Published in the Journal of Health and Population Nutrition in 2009, this article
describes the process of priority setting of research options to address the burden
of childhood diarrhoeal diseases. The systematic strategy developed by the Child
Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) was used for the priority-setting
exercise.
Journal of Health and Population Nutrition
2009
Effect of Zinc
Supplementation Started
during Diarrhea on Morbidity
and Mortality in Bangladeshi
Published in the British Medical Journal in 2002, this article describes a prospective,
cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in Bangladesh to evaluate the effect
of providing daily zinc for 14 days (in addition to oral rehydration therapy) on the
British Medical Journal
2002
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Children: Community
Randomised Trial
morbidity and mortality in children aged 3-47 months with diarrhea.
Hand washing for preventing
diarrhoea
Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2008, this systematic review of RCTs
(including cluster randomized trials) evaluates the effects of interventions to
promote hand washing on the episodes of diarrhoea in children and adults.
Cochrane Library
2008
Oral rehydration versus
intravenous therapy for
treating dehydration due to
gastroenteritis in children: A
meta-analysis of randomised
controlled trials
This systematic review of RCTs published in 2004 in the journal BMC Medicine
compares the effectiveness and safety of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) with
Intravenous Therapy (IVT) for the treatment of dehydration secondary to acute
gastroenteritis in children. The review updates and expands on an earlier systematic
review by including evidence from all studies irrespective of the language of
publication and the income status of countries.
BMC Medicine
2004
Oral zinc for treating
diarrhoea in children
This systematic review of RCTs published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2008
evaluates the effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation compared to placebo in
the treatment of acute or persistent diarrhoea (including dysentery) in children
aged between 1 month and 5 years.
Cochrane Library
2008
Recent diarrheal illness and
risk of lower respiratory
infections in children under
the age of 5 years
An article analyzing time-to-event data of two large child studies from Brazil and
Ghana to explore if the presence of diarrhea increases the risk of ALRI among
children in low income settings.
International Journal of
Epidemiology 2009
Reduced osmolarity oral
rehydration solution for
treating dehydration caused
by acute diarrhoea in children
Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 with a reprint in 2009, this
systematic review of RCTs compares the effectiveness of the reduced osmolarity
Oral Rehydration Salt solution (total osmolarity 250 mmol/L or less with reduced
sodium) with the WHO recommended ORS solution for the treatment of acute
Cochrane Library
2002
119
diarrhoea in children.
The effect of oral rehydration
solution and recommended
home fluids on diarrhoea
mortality
This systematic review (of both clinical and community-based studies) published in
the International Journal of Epidemiology in 2010 assesses the effectiveness of ORS
and the Recommended Home Fluids (RHF) on diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in
children aged less than 5 years. The effectiveness estimates were then correlated
with achieved coverage levels to estimate the effect of each intervention on
diarrhoea-specific mortality.
International Journal of
Epidemiology 2010
Therapeutic Effects of Oral
Zinc in Acute and Persistent
Diarrhea in Children in
Developing Countries: Pooled
Analysis of Randomized
Controlled Trials
Published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2000, this article pools the
results of all the published and unpublished randomized controlled trials of the
effects of supplementary oral zinc in children aged less than 5 years with acute or
persistent diarrhea, and explores the effect of giving supplemental zinc given along
with oral rehydration therapy during recovery in children.
AJCN 2000
Zinc and Copper
Supplementation in Acute
Diarrhea in Children: A
Double-blind Randomized
Controlled Trial
A double blind RCT conducted to evaluate the efficacy of zinc and copper
supplementation when given with standard treatment to children (6-59 months)
with acute watery or bloody diarrhea.
BioMedCentral Medicine
2009
Zinc for the treatment of
diarrhea: Effect on diarrhoea
morbidity mortality and
incidence of future episodes
A systematic review published in the International Journal of Epidemiology in 2010
examines the effectiveness of zinc given as a treatment/therapy of diarrhoea in
children for reducing diarrhea specific mortality and subsequent pneumonia
mortality. The review was limited to RCT’s conducted in low and middle income
countries.
International Journal of
Epidemiology 2010
120
Technical Publication
An Integrated Approach to
Confronting Diarrheal Disease
A fact sheet published by PATH in 2008 emphasizing for renewal of global and
national level commitment to reduce under-5 child mortality due to diarrheal
diseases. The document advocates for tapping existing low cost solutions and using
an integrated approach for the treatment and prevention of diarrheal diseases.
PATH 2008
Diarrheal Disease Advocacy:
Findings from a Scan of the
Global Funding and Policy
Landscape
Commissioned by PATH in 2008, this document reviews the global policy
environment, funding landscape and best practices in diarrheal disease advocacy to
identify the gaps in this subject and suggests repositioning diarrhea as central to
child survival for attaining the MDG 4.
PATH 2008
Diarrheal disease: Solutions to defeat a global killer
A document by PATH with focus on reducing diarrheal deaths among children
through low cost life saving initiatives and citing experiences and models from
around the world that have been successful in this endeavor. PATH
Diarrhoea: Why children are
still dying and what can be
done
This report published by the WHO/UNICEF in 2009 examines the latest available
data on the global burden and distribution of childhood diarrhea, analyses the
progress of countries in reducing its burden, and sets out a 7-point strategy for
comprehensive diarrhoea control that includes a treatment package to reduce child
deaths, and a prevention package to reduce the number of cases for years to come.
WHO 2009
Pediatric Zinc as treatment
for diarrhea
An information brochure developed by USAID informing about the research and
development activities regarding current recommendation of using zinc
supplementation during diarrhea in children. USAID
Rational use of antibiotics for
pneumonia
A white paper published in 2009 by India Clen Task Force with support from USAID’s
MCH-STAR initiative advocating for rational use of antibiotics in the treatment of
community acquired pneumonia in children less than 5 years of age after
Indian Clen Task Force
2009
121
appropriate needs assessment and selection. The recommendations were based on
the existing published evidence.
Trainings Diarrhoea treatment
guidelines: including new
recommendations for the use
of ORS and Zinc
supplementation for clinic-
based healthcare worker
A generic guide published by USAID and its partners in 2005 to train/guide the
clinic-based health workers for the promotion and implementation of the improved
strategy for clinical management of diarrhea, including the low osmolarity ORS and
Zinc supplementation.
HETV – Health
Education to Villagers
2005
Guidelines for New Diarrhea
Treatment Protocols for
Community- Based
Healthcare Workers
A generic guide developed by USAID and its partners in 2005 to train and guide
community health workers regarding the use of new and improved ORS along with
Zinc supplementation for the treatment of diarrhea in children. In addition this
document will also provide information on when to refer children with severe
diarrhea and dehydration.
USAID 2005
Guidelines for the
Management of Acute
Diarrhea
This guideline has been developed by CDC in 2008 to inform healthcare providers
regarding the assessment, principles of treatment and specific treatment of
patients (including children) presenting with acute diarrhea in post-disaster
situations.
CDC 2008
122
TOPIC: DISEASES – HIV/AIDS
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policies, Programs and Guidelines
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for HIV care and
treatment in children
Developed in 2006 by NACO and IAP with support from Clinton foundation, UNICEF
and WHO, this manual provides guidance to pediatricians prescribing ART as well as
the team in the ART centers on the practical issues regarding care and treatment of
HIV in infants and children. It also covers the management of opportunistic
infections associated with HIV.
NACO 2006
Government Policy -- Policy
framework for children and
AIDS: India
Developed by the MoWCD and NACO in 2007, this document provides a rights-
based policy framework for government departments working for the welfare of
children to collaborate and establish a mechanism to coordinate the efforts of
different stakeholders working to reduce the medical and socioeconomic impact of
HIV in children.
MoWCD / NACO
2007
Management of HIV Infection
and Antiretroviral Therapy in
Infants and Children: A
Clinical Manual
Developed by the WHO SEARO and UNICEF ROSA, this manual provides guideline to
health care providers, program managers and planners on the appropriate and
rational use of anti-retroviral therapy in infants and children in resource limited
settings of South and South-East Asia.
WHO / UNICEF
2006
The Framework: for the
protection, care and support Developed by a group of multi-sectoral stakeholders in 2004, this framework
provides a common agenda to senior leaders and decision makers around the world UNICEF 2004
123
of orphans and vulnerable
children living in a world with
HIV and AIDS
to enable them influence policies, programs and resources for the benefit of
orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV and AIDS. Its key strategies include
capacity strengthening of affected families, mobilizing and supporting community-
based responses, ensuring access to essential services for these children, improving
policy and legislation, and raising awareness at all levels through advocacy and
social mobilization.
Technical Publication
A parrot on your shoulder: a
guide for people starting to
work with orphans and
vulnerable children
A briefing note developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2004 to assist
stakeholders working with orphans and other vulnerable children in engaging these
children in a more meaningful dialogue through their active participation.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2004
Barriers to services for
children with HIV Positive
parents
National overview of a qualitative study conducted in six high HIV prevalent states
of the country in 2006-7 coordinated by UNICEF, NACO and the Ministry of Women
and Child Development. This study evaluated the barriers to utilization of health
services and the benefits by children of HIV positive parents, and outlines the steps
that can be taken to overcome these barriers.
UNICEF 2007
Challenging assumptions:
Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS
An advocacy document developed by PATH discussing the benefits of breastfeeding
in light of the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. Recommendations include
increasing adoption of World Health Organization guidelines on infant feeding and
HIV, and extending advice and support to HIV positive lactating mothers during the
first two years of life.
PATH 2008
Growing up together:
Experiences of care and
support for children affected
A report developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance based on a thematic
workshop held in 2002, which explains the right-based approach to working with
children affected and infected with HIV/AIDS through their active participation,
AIDS - Alliance
2002
124
by HIV/AIDS in India
discusses the impact of the disease on children at different age groups (0-5, 6-12
and 13-18 years) and their needs, describes some successful field experiences and
case studies, and proposes a policy agenda for further action.
HIV/AIDS: Implications for
child health and nutrition
The last part of a series of five advocacy documents prepared by CARE on child
health and nutrition in India. This document describes the burden of HIV/AIDS in
children, the maternal to child transmission process and ways to prevent it, the
recommended method of feeding and the drugs for treatment.
CARE
Prevention of Mother-To-
Child Transmission of HIV in
Asia: Practical Guidance for
Programs
Published in 2002 by the LINKAGES project with support from USAID, this document
reviews the mechanisms, timing, and risk factors for Mother-to-Child Transmission
(MTCT) of HIV/AIDS, discusses the issues around the diagnosis and treatment of
pediatric AIDS, and describes programmatic issues and experience with the five
core interventions to prevent MTCT.
LINKAGES / USAID
2002
Safeguarding investment in
PMTCT Programs by
incorporating Essential
Newborn Care
Published in 2004 by the LINKAGES project with support from USAID, this document
advocates for integration of Essential Newborn Care into the Prevention of Mother-
to-Child Transmission programs for developing a comprehensive strategy to prevent
HIV infection in infants and children.
LINKAGES / USAID
2004
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing
countries: Care and
psychosocial support
A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
particular series provides information on the emotional and psychosocial needs of
children suffering from HIV/AIDS and how these can be supported.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2006
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006 International
HIV/AIDS 2006
125
countries: Education
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
particular series provides information on how HIV/AIDS affects children’s education
and how programs can support their education and training.
Alliance
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing
countries: Health and
nutrition
A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
particular series provides information on the special health and nutrition needs of
children living with HIV/AIDS and the various strategies to address them.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2006
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing
countries: Livelihoods and
economic strengthening
A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
particular series provides an overview of the impact of HIV/AIDS on increasing the
poverty of families and their children, and the different measures which can be
taken to alleviate them.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2006
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing
countries: Overview
A series of booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
document provides an overview of all the 6 booklets covered in the series including
their principles and strategies.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2006
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing
countries: Protection
A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2006
126
particular series provides information on different strategies which are needed at
the program level to improve protection of children suffering from HIV/AIDS.
Supporting community action
on AIDS in developing
countries: Social inclusion
A series of 6 booklets developed by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in 2006
focusing on how programs can strengthen the capacity of children, families and
community to respond to the needs of children affected by HIV/AIDS. This
particular series provides information on how HIV/AIDS-related stigma and
discrimination impacts on children and the different strategies to overcome it.
International HIV/AIDS Alliance
2006
Trainings HIV and Infant feeding
counseling tools: Reference
guide
A reference guide developed in 2005 by WHO/UNICEF and USAID (as part of a
package of tools) to help health workers counsel HIV positive mothers on infant
feeding issues. The guide contains an overview of the other tools and the
counselling process, in addition to technical information on HIV and infant feeding
for the counselors.
WHO / UNICEF
2005
TOPIC: DISEASES – IMNCI
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policies, Programs and Guidelines
Government Guidelines --
Operational guidelines for
implementation of Integrated
Management of Neonatal and
Childhood Illness (IMNCI)
Developed by the MOHFW to uniformly implement the IMNCI programme
nationwide as a part of NRHM/RCH-II, this guideline provide complete information
about the IMNCI package and its components, the institutional arrangements for its
implementation at the national, state and district level, the training needs and the
funding arrangements for the training.
MoHFW
127
IMNCI Students Handbook
Developed by the MOHFW and WHO India, this Handbook for students describes
the rationale for evidence-based syndromic approach of IMNCI, its components and
principles, and the outpatient and hospital management of children less than 5
years of age including their assessment, referral, counselling, treatment and follow-
up.
MoHFW - IMNCI
2003
Scientific Articles
How Much Does Quality of
Child Care Vary Between
Health Workers with Differing
Durations of Training? An
Observational Multicountry
Study
This multi-country observational study compares the clinical performance of health
workers with longer duration of pre-service IMCI training and shorter duration of
IMCI training. The performance was compared on the assessment, classification and
the management of sick children according to IMCI guidelines.
LANCET 2008
Trainings Government Training-- F-
IMNCI Participant’s Manual
(Module 1 - 3) (REVISED)
Facility-based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (F-IMNCI)
is the integration of facility-based care package with the IMNCI package which has
been developed to train health workers in managing newborn and childhood
illnesses at the facility level/inpatient care (in addition to the community
level/outpatient care).These modules are developed by the MoHFW in
collaboration with WHO and UNICEF in 2009
Module 1: It describes the process of rapid screening of a sick child including
immediate emergency treatment where required.
Module 2: It includes care of newborn baby at birth and in the postnatal ward,
management of sick newborn baby and LBW baby, and the principles of
transporting sick babies who require referral.
MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF
2009
128
Module 3: It provides guidance on the management of children aged 2 months to 5
years presenting with cough or breathing difficulty, diarrhoea, fever, severe
anaemia and severe acute malnutrition.
Government Training--
Facility Based IMNCI (F-
IMNCI): Facilitators Guide
(NEW)
Facility-based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (F-IMNCI)
is the integration of facility-based care package with the IMNCI package which has
been developed to train health workers in managing newborn and childhood
illnesses at the facility level/inpatient care (in addition to the community
level/outpatient care). It was developed by the MoHFW in collaboration with WHO
and UNICEF in 2009. This facilitator’s guide provides guidelines to the trainers on
how to train health workers on the assessment, classification, treatment, referral,
counseling of mothers, and follow-up of sick newborns and sick young children.
MoHFW 2009
Government Training-- IMNCI
Facilitator Guide – I (Sick
Young Infant age upto 2
months)
Published by the MoHFW with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this First
part of the Facilitator’s guide provides guidelines to the trainers on how to train
health workers on the assessment, classification, treatment, referral, counseling of
mothers, and follow-up of sick young infants upto 2 months of age at the
community level/outpatient care, under the strategy of Integrated Management of
Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI).
MoHFW 2009
Government Training-- IMNCI
Facilitator Guide – II (Sick
Child age 2 months upto 5
years)
Published by the MoHFW with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this Second
part of the Facilitator’s guide provides guidelines to the trainers on how to train
health workers on the assessment, classification, treatment, referral, counseling of
mothers and follow-up of sick children aged 2 months to 5 years at the community
level/outpatient care, under the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal
and Childhood Illness (IMNCI).
MoHFW 2009
129
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
1): Introduction
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
module is the first in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). It gives information about the rationale for using syndromic
approach for case management under IMNCI, the principles and components of
integrated care, the complete process of case management, and the purpose of the
training.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
2): Assess and Classify the
Sick Young Infant Age upto 2
Months
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
module is the second in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). It gives information on how to assess and classify young infants till 2
months of age for possible bacterial infections, jaundice and diarrhoea, how to
assess malnutrition and feeding problems, and the importance and assessment of
breastfeeding and immunization status.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
3): Identify Treatment for the
Sick Young Infant
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
module is the third in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). It provides information on how to identify treatment for a sick
infant till 2 months of age based upon assessment and classification of the
condition, to determine if urgent referrals are required, and if so, then what
appropriate pre-referral treatments should be given.
NCHRC 2003
130
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
4): Treat the Young Infant and
Counsel the Mother
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
module is the fourth in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). It gives information on how to select appropriate oral drugs and
dosages for a sick infant till 2 months of age, how to teach the mother to continue
giving treatment at home including counseling skills, and how to treat local
infections and promote breastfeeding.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
5): Assess and Classify the
Sick Child Age 2 Months up to
5 Years
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
is the fifth module in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). This module gives information on the assessment and classification
of cough or breathing difficulty, diarrhoea, fever, measles and ear problem in
children aged 2 months to 5 years, and how to check for malnutrition, anemia,
immunization status, and prophylactic Vitamin A & iron folic acid supplementation
status.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
6): Identify Treatment for the
Sick Child
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
is the sixth module in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). It provides information on how to identify treatment for a sick child
aged 2 months to 5 years based upon assessment and classification of the
condition, to determine if urgent referrals are required, and if so, then what
appropriate pre-referral treatments should be given.
NCHRC 2003
131
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
7): Treat the Child
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
is the seventh module in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). This module provides information on how to select appropriate oral
drugs and dosages for the treatment of specific conditions in a sick child aged 2
months to 5 years, how to teach the mother to continue giving treatment at home,
and how to treat local infections and to treat severe conditions where referral not
possible.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
8): Counsel the Mother
Published by the MOHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
is the eighth module in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). It provides information on how to assess and identify feeding
problems in a sick child aged 2 months to 5 year, how to advice and counsel mother
about feeding and increasing fluids during illness, and when to come back for
follow-up.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Participant’s Manual (Module
9): Follow-up
Published by the MoHFW in 2003 with support from the WHO and the UNICEF, this
is the last module in the series of nine modules developed for training health
workers on the strategy of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illness (IMNCI). This module provides information on the management of follow-up
visit of a sick child aged 2 months to 5 years, and further assessment and treatment.
NCHRC 2003
Government Training-- IMNCI
Photo-booklet
Developed by MoHFW, WHO and UNICEF, this Photo-booklet for Physicians
contains 86 photographs of different conditions/diseases which act as an important
tool for facilitating training and skill upgradation of health professionals regarding
MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF
2003
132
case management of sick children under IMNCI.
Government Training-- IMNCI
Physician Chart Booklet
A chart booklet designed by MOHFW India and WHO/UNICEF to help the physicians
in identification, assessment, diagnosis/classification and treatment of sick children
upto 5 yrs of age, and to give them information on mother counseling and follow-up
care.
MoHFW 2003
Government Training--
IMNCI: Facilitators guide for
follow up visit
Prepared by the MOHFW, WHO and UNICEF, this guide provides information
regarding the methods and processes for undertaking training of IMNCI supervisors
who have to conduct follow-up visits (after training of health workers) to ensure
effective implementation of the IMNCI program.
MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF
Government Training--
IMNCI: Supervisor module for
follow-up visit
Prepared by the MOHFW, WHO and UNICEF, this guide provides an overview of the
schedule and activities for follow-up visit of the supervisor following IMNCI training
of health workers. The purpose of the follow-up visit is to reinforce the IMNCI skills,
supervise working of health worker and help in solving their problems, strengthen
logistic support, and improve record keeping and information system.
MoHFW / WHO / UNICEF
Government Training--
Teacher's Guide for IMNCI
training of students
These guidelines for teachers training medical students in IMNCI focuses on the
outpatient management of common causes of neonatal and child mortality and can
be used in Primary Health Care setting. It describes the teaching methods, course
structure and schedule, the list of instructional materials and supplies, daily
activities, the process of monitoring clinical sessions and methods for assessing
students.
MoHFW 2009
133
Management of Neonatal and
Childhood illness in disasters:
Training module for Health
Workers
Adapted from IMNCI and prepared by the IAP Disaster management group with
support from WHO India, this manual describe the steps to be followed by a health
worker in the management of a sick child up to 5 years of age in health camps or in
the community during disasters.
WHO / IAP 2005
TOPIC: DISEASES – Malaria
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policies, Programs and Guidelines
Government Guidelines --
Action plan for scaling up
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets
(LLIN) for malaria control in
India
Published by the MOHFW in 2009, this document details the planning,
procurement, distribution process, quality control checks and monitoring and
evaluation of the strategy of scaling up of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN). It is
one of the key strategies under the National Vector Borne Disease Control
Programme (NVBDCP) towards control of malaria in India.
MoHFW 2009
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for ITNS and LLINS
Developed by the GOI under the National Vector Borne Disease Control
Programme, this document provides guidance on the usage, storage and transport
of the Insecticide Treated Bed nets (ITNs) or Long Lasting Impregnated Bednets
(LLINs) for better and effective protection against mosquitoes and other insects like
cockroaches, bedbugs, houseflies, fleas, etc.
National Vector Borne
Disease Control
Programme (NVBDCP)
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for clinical Developed by the MOHFW under the NVBDCP, this document provides guidance to MoHFW 2008
134
management of Dengue
Fever, Dengue Haemorrhagic
Fever and Dengue Shock
Syndrome
physicians regarding the process for diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory) and
clinical management of Dengue Fever, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue
Shock Syndrome.
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for containment of
Chikungunya and Dengue
epidemic outbreaks
Developed by MOHFW under the NVBDCP, this document provides information on
actions that need to be taken at the community level and by the local authorities to
control an epidemic Chikungunya and/or Dengue. It also describes the diagnosis,
treatment and surveillance of the disease.
MoHFW
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for diagnosis and
treatment of Malaria in India
Developed by the MOHFW with the collaborative effort of the NVBDCP and the
National Institute of Malaria Research in 2009, this manual for medical
professionals gives guidance on the current methods of diagnosis and treatment of
uncomplicated malaria, and the specific antimalarials for severe malaria based on
the national drug policy of 2008.
MoHFW 2009
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for establishing
sentinel surveillance hospitals
and management of severe
malaria cases
Developed by the MOHFW in 2009 under the NVBDCP, this policy has been
formulated for developing hospitals in high malaria endemic districts into sentinel
surveillance hospitals to obtain information on details of severe malaria cases and
their pattern. It also provides information on the clinical features of severe malaria,
its treatment and management of complications.
MoHFW 2009
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines on the use of
larvivorous fish for vector
control
This guideline has been prepared by the GOI under the National Vector Borne
Disease Control Programme to guide the states in the use of larvivorous fish for
vector control.
National Vector Borne
Disease Control
Programme (NVBDCP)
135
Operational manual for
implementation of Malaria
Programme 2009
Developed by GOI in 2008 under the National Vector Borne Disease Control
Programme, this operational manual brings out guidelines for planning,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the malaria control programme at
the district level. It also provides the norms for malaria control activities in India
along with specific action that is required to be taken in high malaria burden
districts.
National Vector Borne
Disease Control
Programme (NVBDCP)
2008
TOPIC: DISEASES – Measles
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Scientific Articles
Vitamin A for treating
measles in children
Published by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2005 and updated in 2009, this
systematic review of RCTs determines the evidence whether oral Vitamin A is
beneficial in preventing mortality, pneumonia and other secondary infections in
children under the age of 15 years with measles.
Cochrane Library
2005
136
TOPIC: GENERAL INFORMATION
Themes Titles Abstract Organization Year
Policies, Programs and Guidelines
Advocacy Tools and
Guidelines: Promoting Policy
Change
Prepared by CARE in 2001, this manual is designed to familiarize program managers
with key advocacy concepts and techniques, and suggests a framework to help
them identify policy goals, create a plan of action, and build their case for
influencing policy change.
CARE 2001
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for Department of
Family Welfare Supported
NGO Schemes
Developed by the MOHFW in 2003, this document contains guidelines of ‘The
Mother NGO (MNGO) Scheme’ and ‘The Service NGO (SNGO) Scheme’ run by the
Department of Family Welfare, and gives the indicative service delivery guidance
for different RCH components along with illustrative formats and checklists that can
be used under the two schemes.
MoHFW 2003
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for
Operationalising First Referral
Units
Developed by the MOHFW in 2004, this document provides guidance to the States
in planning for operationalising the FRUs for strengthening emergency obstetric and
child health care, and help them to determine the type and quantum of assistance
required while planning implementation of RCH-II.
MoHFW 2004
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for
Operationalising a Primary
Health Centre for Providing
24-Hour Delivery and
Newborn Care under RCH-II
Developed by MOHFW in 2005, this document provides guidance to states to select
PHCs for providing 24 hour services and operationalization of 50% of the PHCs and
all the CHCs as 24-hour delivery and newborn care services PHCs to increase the
percentage of institutional deliveries for reduction of maternal mortality and
availability of emergency care for sick children to reduce infant mortality.
MoHFW 2005
Government Guidelines -- This guideline has been developed by the Maternal Health Division of MOHFW in MoHFW 2007
137
Guidelines for
operationalizating SBA
training in RCH II
2007 for program managers and in-charges of training institutes at district and state
level to standardize planning of SBA training, ensure its effective management, and
to help these personnel identify their specific roles and responsibilities in
conducting this training.
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for setting up
blood storage centers at First
Referral Units
Developed by the MOHFW in 2003, this manual comprises of 3 parts – the first part
provides guidance on the requirements and responsibilities of Blood Storage
Centres, the second part details the Standard Operating Procedures to be followed
by laboratory personnel in conducting the actual tests of cross matching and
transfusion, and the third part is a guide to rational use of blood, blood products
and substitutes by clinicians.
MoHFW 2003
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines for the
operationalisation of Mobile
Medical Unit (in North-
eastern States, Himachal
Pradesh and J&K)
With an aim of improving access to health care services under NRHM, this
document was developed by the MOHFW to provide guidelines for the
operationalisation of Mobile Medical Units across the country, with special focus on
difficult to reach tribal and hilly areas in North-eastern States, Himachal Pradesh
and J&K.
MoHFW
Government Guidelines --
Guidelines on Accredited
Social Health Activitists
(ASHA)
This guideline developed by the MOHFW provides guidance on the role,
responsibilities, profile, selection procedure, training modality, compensation
package, and the monitoring and evaluation indicators for ASHAs under NRHM. MoHFW
138
Government Guidelines --
Indian Public Health
Standards (IPHS) For Sub-
Centres
This guideline developed by the MOHFW in 2006 under NRHM, prescribes
standards for a Sub-health Centre (or a Sub-centre which is the first contact point
between the primary health care system and the community) in order to provide
basic health care services to the community and achieve/maintain an acceptable
standard of quality of care. Keeping in view the resources available with respect to
functional requirement for Sub-centres, a set of minimum standards had been
prepared related to infrastructure, manpower, instruments, equipments, drugs,
transport and other facilities, etc.
MoHFW 2006
Government Guidelines --
Indian Public Health
Standards (IPHS) for Primary
Health Centres
This guideline developed by the MOHFW in 2006 under NRHM, prescribes
standards for a Primary Health Centre or a PHC (covering 20,000 to 30,000
populations with 6 beds) in order to provide health care that is quality oriented and
sensitive to the needs of the community. Keeping in view the resources available
with respect to functional requirement for PHCs, a set of minimum standards had
been prepared related to infrastructure, manpower, instruments, equipments,
drugs, transport and other facilities, etc.
MoHFW 2006
Government Guidelines --
Infection Management &
Environment Plan (IMEP) for
Reproductive and Child
Health Programme (Phase –
II)
Developed by MOHFW in 2004 under RCH II program, this document on health care
waste management describes planning for the maintenance of sanitary conditions,
use of appropriate disinfection and sterilization techniques, provision of potable
water and clean air for all operations, and nosocomial infection control, as the basic
infrastructural requirements for delivery of RCH services in the country.
MoHFW 2004
Government Guidelines --
Janani Suraksha Yojana:
Guidelines for
Implementation
Developed by the MOHFW, this guideline describes the vision, strategy and features
of the Janani Suraksha Yojana program under NRHM, its implementation plan at
different levels, the financial arrangements, and mechanisms for monitoring,
MoHFW
139
evaluation and reporting.
Government Guidelines --
Monthly Village Health
Nutrition Day: Guidelines for
ANMs/AWWs/ASHAs/PRIs
This guideline by the MOHFW describes the importance of conducting monthly
Village Health Nutrition Day, defines the required relevant procedures and logistics,
the role of each cadre of health worker including supervisors, and the various
activities that should be conducted on the day.
MoHFW 2007
Government Guidelines --
National Rural Health
Mission: Framework for
Implementation (2005-2012)
This guideline by the MoHFW describes the broad framework for implementation of
the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) including its goals & components, core
strategies, expected outcomes and timelines. MoHFW 2005
Government Guidelines --
Project Implementation Plan
for Vulnerable Groups Under
RCH II
Developed by the MOHFW in 2004, this guideline describes the rationale, objectives
and the strategy for monitoring and evaluation of Project Implementation Plans
(PIPs) for Vulnerable Groups as well as PIPs for Tribal Health and Urban Slum Health
in order to improve the health status of vulnerable population by ensuring
accessibility and availability of quality primary health care and family welfare
services to them.
MoHFW 2004
Government Guidelines--
Reproductive & Child Health
Phase II Program – National
Program Implementation
Plan
Developed by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, this document on
Reproductive and Child Health Phase II Program is divided into three parts:
Document 1 gives a summary and overview of the policy context in which RCH
Phase II has been designed, its strategic direction, the lessons from RCH Phase I,
and the institutional and financial arrangements.
Document 2 describes the principles and evidence base that underpins the strategic
decisions and priorities of RCH Phase II.
RCH II Program -
NPIP 2005
140
Document 3 is the National Level RCH Phase II Program Logical Framework
Also given is the Finance & Accounts Manual (Annexure A) which attempts to
streamline the process of financial management in the program.
Government Policy -- Broad
Framework for Preparation of
District Health Action Plans
Developed by the MOHFW in 2006, this document provides a broad framework for
the preparation of District Health Action Plans under the NRHM. After a brief
introduction about the program, the manual provides information on financial
planning and ways to optimize resources under the District Health Action Plan, how
to conduct situational analysis using primary and secondary data and ways to
involve community in planning, and process of defining the objectives, work plans,
and monitoring evaluation plans.
MoHFW 2006
Government Policy --
Infection management and
Environment plan: Policy
framework
Prepared by MOHFW in 2007 with support from DFID and the World Bank, this
document gives a broad overview and generic guidance to central and state level
institutions on the type of systems and processes to be established for infection
control and bio-medical waste management in healthcare facilities under NRHM
and RCH II.
MoHFW 2007
Government Policy --
National Health Policy 2002
The second National Health Policy formulated in 2002 summarizes the key
successful health initiatives and achievements in public health over the last five
decades, analyzes the current health scenario in the country, and outlines the
objectives and goals including the prescriptions for achieving the policy goals.
MoHFW 2002
Government Policy --
National Population Policy
2000
A policy framework developed by GOI for advancing goals and prioritizing strategies
during the next decade to meet the reproductive and child health needs of the
country, and to achieve net replacement levels by 2010 (and stable population by
Population Commission
2000
141
2045). Simultaneously it addresses issues of child survival, maternal health and
contraception, while increasing outreach and coverage of a comprehensive package
of RCH services by all the stakeholders (govt., industry & voluntary non-government
sector).
Guidelines Nursing and
Midwifery Workforce
Planning
Published by the WHO in 2010, this guideline provides practical approaches/tools to
facilitate development of knowledge and skills in the planning of nursing and
midwifery workforce. It aims to explain what workforce planning is, how it can help
to deliver key services delivery goals, and how planning leads to provision of better
care.
WHO 2010
Mamata Diwas (Village
Health & Nutrition Day):
Operational guidelines
Under NRHM the Village Health and Nutrition Day is planned to provide
comprehensive Maternal and Child health and nutrition services, and ensure early
registration, identification and referral of high risk children and pregnant women. In
Orissa this initiative is known as ‘Mamata Diwas’. These guidelines issued by the
Govt. of Orissa provides information on the objectives and operational framework
of the initiative, summarizes the health topics for discussion, describes the
roles/responsibilities of health workers, the state level training strategy, and the
mechanisms for monitoring evaluation, reporting, and financial arrangements.
NRHM Orissa 2009
Technical Publications
A concurrent evaluation of
Phase II of the NRHM BCC
campaign
A report on the study conducted by Population Foundation of India in 2009 with
support from USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative to evaluate the second phase of
Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Campaign under NRHM. The evaluation
determined the extent of the campaign’s reach, visibility and exposure among the
target audiences, and gave recommendations to inform MOHFW for future large
scale campaigns.
Population Foundation
of India 2009
142
CLICS: A survey for the
Community, by the
Community
A case study developed by CLICS citing example of how young girls from the
community were engaged to conduct village survey for developing the village
health plan, and how this encouraged community participation. USAID
CLICS: Health is a song away
for Meerabai
A case study by CLICS citing experience and efforts of a woman president of a
Village Coordination Committee to improve the health status of the village including
establishment of a clinic. USAID
CLICS: Kiran Clinics are a boon
in Wardha villages
A brief description of the activities and achievements of community run health
clinics (Kiran Clinics) managed by the Village co-ordination committee (VCC), an
initiative led by the CLICS program. USAID
CLICS: Kishori Panchayats
guide teenage girls in the
right direction
A summary of activities performed by groups of adolescent girls (Kishori
panchayats) in the villages of Wardha under the CLICS program. Related to
promotion of health, education, cultural values and sanitation, these activities help
adolescent girls in developing life skills and self esteem.
USAID
CLICS: Male involvement
improves women’s and
children's health
A case study developed by CLICS citing example of how a farmer’s development
forum (kisan vikas manch) was formed and used for sensitizing men towards
women and children’s health issues. USAID
CLICS: Reaching for the sky:
Women's Self-Help Group
fosters growth
This case study developed by CLICS describeing the dual role of Self Help Groups in
providing women with alternative credit income and also acting as a platform for
empowering and capacity building of women to deliver health messages. USAID
CLICS: Safeguarding the
community’s health- The A summary of the work/experiences of a trained health worker (known as Doot)
selected from amongst the community by the CLICS Program to provide primary USAID
143
village doot care to the people living in villages and deal with their health issues, especially
those of the women and children.
CLICS: Teach them to climb
mountains: Empowering
adolescents in the community
A case study of a worker from a woman’s Self-help Group describing the increased
social awareness and confidence building measures for adolescent population
brought about by the activities of CLICS. USAID
CLICS: Village leader becomes
walking encyclopaedia on
health
A case study by CLICS citing experience and efforts of a village leader to improve the
community’s knowledge on health and hygiene in the village. USAID
CLICS: Working Together To
Improve Health: ANMs
Redefine Their Role in the
Community
A brief summary of the experiences of two ANMs from the community on the
improved synergy in service delivery with the help of initiatives taken by CLICS
program, and the support given by CLICS Doot in performing their regular activities. USAID
Child health in the State PIPs
2008-09: Mapping Technical
Assistance Needs
A technical document developed by the NHSRC in 2008 which analyzes the Program
Implementation Plans 2008-09 submitted by different states under NRHM,
compares it with the findings of the Joint Review Mission, and builds upon the
results to define the Technical assistance requirement of the states
NHSRC 2008
Community case
management essentials:
Treating childhood illnesses
in the community
Published in 2010 with funding from USAID, this guide for Program Managers
describes the basics of the Community case management strategy, and the process
of designing and management of such a program. Community case management is
a strategy to deliver lifesaving curative interventions for common childhood
illnesses, particularly in areas with little access to facility-based services.
USAID 2010
Concurrent evaluation of the
reach and effectiveness of
second phase of the NRHM
A group of four questionnaires developed for in-depth interview of women, men,
fathers/mothers-in-law and the village functionary as part of evaluation of the
Population Foundation
of India 2009
144
BCC campaign:
Questionnaires
second phase of Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Campaign under NRHM.
This study was conducted by Population Foundation of India in 2009 with support
from USAID’s MCH-STAR initiative
Emergency access and
management rules for
Maternal and Child Health
Fund (Hindi)
‘Mother and child health emergency fund’ is an initiative to provide financial
support to the community/family to help them access quality treatment for the
mother (during pregnancy or postpartum period) and/or children (till 18 years of
age) through the formation of Self help groups. This document in Hindi provides
information about the objectives and advantages of this initiative, the process of
forming Self help groups, and its rules and regulations for smooth functioning.
Evaluation of ASHA
Programme. ASHA – Which
way forward? (NEW)
Synthesized and published in 2011 by the National Health Systems Resource Centre
(NHSRC) MoHFW, this report provides a comprehensive evaluation of the ASHA
programme in the country using a mixed method approach. The ASHA programme
is one of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). This
evaluation report covers three key domains –
a) Governance, Institutions, Expectations and Perceptions: an overview of the
programme, policy framework, institutional environment, and perception,
interaction and contribution of different stakeholders
b) Understanding ASHA and programme dynamics: profile of ASHA, selection
process and support system, training process and training systems, and community
and beneficiary perceptions of ASHA role
c) Outcomes of programme: knowledge and skill levels of ASHA, measurable
outcomes and outputs in terms of changes in health behavior, service utilization
and response to childhood illness, and the relationship between contexts,
NHSRC 2011
145
mechanisms and outcomes.
Government Report – NRHM
Common Review Mission:
Fourth Report (2010) (NEW)
The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural
Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent
evaluation. The Fourth CRM covered 14 states and one Union Territory during the
second and third week of December 2010 and evaluated the existing health delivery
systems through 11 key parameters. This report of the Fourth CRM was synthesized
and published by the National Health Systems Resource Centre, the technical
support institution of NRHM.
MoHFW 2011
Government Report-- Child
Budgeting in India
A booklet developed in 2007 by the Ministry of Women and Child Development and
UNICEF analyzing the budgetary allocations for children under the Union Budget for
the past 5 years. It represents an important policy analytical tool that helps in taking
stock of development and investments for children, and helps in identifying child
development areas which are neglected.
DWCD / UNICEF
2007
Government Report--
Directory of Innovations in
the Health Sector
Under NRHM decentralized planning/implementation and flexibility to states/local
governments has resulted in a number of innovations being taken across states
many of which address locally identified gaps in the program. Developed by the
MOHFW in 2009 with support from DFID and other partners, this document
compiles a list of such innovations, lists the key features of selected innovations
through a desk review, and identifies ‘promising’ innovations for a full-scale
evaluation to assess their scalability and replicability across States.
DFID 2009
Government Report-- Fifth
Joint Review Mission (JRM-5):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the
progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under
the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development
MoHFW 2008
146
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the Fifth JRM conducted in January-February 2008 based on the
review of field visits to the 5 states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.
Government Report-- First
Joint Review Mission (JRM-1):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the
progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under
the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the First JRM conducted in February-March 2006 based on the
review of secondary data from the States, review of field visits to Assam,
Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and review of the state PIPs at the national level.
MoHFW 2006
Government Report-- Fourth
Joint Review Mission (JRM-4):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the
progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under
the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the Fourth JRM conducted in July-August 2007 based on the
review of field visits to the 4 states of Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra and Orissa, and
review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.
MoHFW 2007
Government Report-- Mid
Term Review (MTR):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Mid Term Review (MTR) of RCH II program evaluated the progress made during
2005-2008 towards implementing the ‘paradigm shift’ envisaged in its design and in
six thematic areas. It was led by the MoHFW and joined by the Development
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the MTR held in September-December 2008 based on the analysis
of provisional data from DLHS-3, review of innovations and progress in the thematic
MoHFW 2008
147
areas based on field visits to 6 states of Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.
Government Report--
Millennium Development
Goals: India Country Report
2005
A status report published by the Central Statistical Organization of GOI in 2005
assessing the progress on MDGs looking beyond the numbers to analyze why
improvements in health have been slow, and suggests what steps must be taken to
accelerate progress. Weak and inequitable health system is reported as the key
obstacle for attaining the MDGs.
GoI / UNICEF 2005
Government Report-- NRHM
Common Review Mission:
Second Report (2008)
The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural
Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent
evaluation. This is the report of the Second CRM process conducted in November-
December 2008 covering the states of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Orissa, Rajasthan,
Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.
MoHFW 2008
Government Report-- NRHM
Common Review Mission:
Third Report (2009)
The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural
Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent
evaluation. The Third CRM cover 14 states and 3 Union Territories during the first
and second weeks of November, 2009 to review the progress made on 22 key areas
of the NRHM.
MoHFW 2009
Government Report-- NRHM
Common Review Mission:
First report (2007)
The Common Review Mission (CRM) has been set up as part of the National Rural
Health Mission’s (NRHM) Steering Group’s mandate of review and concurrent
evaluation. This is the report of the First CRM process conducted in November 2007
covering the states of Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Madhya
Pradesh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar
MoHFW 2007
148
Pradesh and West Bengal.
Government Report-- Second
Joint Review Mission (JRM-2):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the
progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under
the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the Second JRM conducted in September-October 2006 based on
the review of field visits to the 18 NRHM focus states and review of the PIPs at the
national and the state levels.
MoHFW 2006
Government Report-- Sixth
Joint Review Mission (JRM-6):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the
progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under
the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the Sixth JRM conducted in May-July 2009 based on the review of
field visits to the 4 states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and
review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.
MoHFW 2009
Government Report-- Third
Joint Review Mission (JRM-3):
Reproductive and Child
Health Program Phase II
The Joint Review Mission (JRM) is conducted twice every year to review the
progress in the implementation of the Program Implementation Plans (PIPs) under
the RCH II program. It is led by the MOHFW and joined by the Development
Partners and State Governments. This aide memoire summarizes the findings and
agreed actions of the Third JRM conducted in January-February 2007 based on the
review of field visits to the 3 states of Madhya Pradesh, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, and
review of the PIPs at the national and the state levels.
MoHFW 2007
Improving Performance of
Community-Level Health and A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in USAID 2008
149
Nutrition Functionaries: A
Review of Evidence in India
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of
USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document
outlines the review on interventions for improving the performance of community-
level health and nutrition functionaries (ANMs, AWWs, ASHAs), summarizes the
selected interventions, and shares the recommendations and evidence gaps
identified by a technical expert group after analysis of the interventions.
Improving access, service
delivery and efficiency of the
public health system in rural
India: mid-term evaluation of
the National Rural Health
Mission
Published in 2009, this report presents the findings of a mid-term evaluation of the
functioning of the National Rural Health Mission undertaken by an International
Advisory Panel. The evaluation was carried out in the three high-focus states of
Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, and relied on a mix of inputs:
empirical analysis of primary and secondary data (new and existing datasets),
detailed interviews of health workers at various levels, documentation of key
innovations, challenges and successes, and inputs from subject experts working at
the national level.
Centre on Globalization
and Sustainable
Development, The Earth Institute at Columbia University
2009
Making a difference:
Indicators to improve
children’s environmental
health
A summary report of the WHO commissioned study for developing a set of
indicators on children’s environmental health that outlines the principles and
concepts behind the choice of indicators, presents simplified models of each issue
highlighting the key factors of concern, and lists the core indicators that should be
developed in each case.
WHO 2003
Rapid Assessment of the
District Health Profile: PHRN
Orissa
A report on the rapid assessment undertaken in 5 districts of Orissa in 2009 to
understand the gaps in different community level processes of public health PHRN 2009
150
programmes and take up selected pilot interventions, and based on the findings to
give suggestions to the district level public health authority for initiating similar
approach to address communitization agenda of NRHM. Public Health Resource
Network (PHRN) is a civil society initiative to support NRHM.
Reducing incidence of Low
Birth Weight using a
community based life cycle
strategy: study protocol
This document is the protocol of a quasi-experimental study conducted in Ranchi
district of Jharkhand state which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of life-cycle
based community level behavioral interventions in reducing the incidence of low
birth weight and improving maternal and child health. Developed in 2006, the study
and protocol is led by a group of NGOs including CINI, Krishi Gram Vikas Kendra and
Social Initiatives Group of ICICI Bank.
HETV – Health
Education to Villagers
2006
Role of Village Health
Committees in Improving
Health and Nutrition
Outcomes: A Review of
Evidence from India
A series of evidence reviews prepared by USAID-funded Vistaar project team in
2008 to assist the national government in making evidence-based decisions
regarding Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN)
interventions. A part of the evidence review series published by VISTAAR project of
USAID in 2008 to help make evidence-based decisions regarding Maternal,
Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) interventions. This document
outlines the review on the role of Village Health Committees in improving health
and nutrition, summarizes the selected interventions, and shares the
recommendations and evidence gaps identified by a technical expert group after
analysis of the interventions.
USAID 2008
The Global Campaign for the
Health Millennium
Development Goals 2010:
Putting the Global strategy
for Women’s and Children’s
This report of 2010 by the Global Campaign for the Health Millennium Development
Goals provides an update on the efforts being made by countries and institutions in
putting the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health into action. This
Global Strategy was launched at a special event during the MDG summit in
Global Campaign for
the Health Millennium
Development Goals
2010
151
Health into action September 2010 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
The Millennium Development
Goals Report 2011
Based on a master set of data compiled by an Inter-Agency and Expert Group of the
United Nations Secretariat, this report published in 2011 reviews the progress
towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) through a series of statistical
indicators identified as appropriate for assessing progress.
United Nations
2011
Traditional herbal remedies
for Primary Health Care This monograph developed by the WHO in 2010 describes the rich resources and
the benefits of traditional herbal remedies in the prevention and treatment of
diseases. It provides information about traditional remedies/traditional usage of
herbs in curing simple ailments in order to facilitate its usage at the level of Primary
Health Care.
WHO 2010
World Development Report
2004
The World Development Report 2004 focuses on basic services, particularly health,
education, water, and sanitation, seeking ways of making them work for poor
people. Citing powerful examples of pro-poor services, the document recommends
institutional changes to strengthen relationship between policymakers, providers
and citizens to ensure accountability.
World Bank 2004
Trainings Behavior Change
Communication Materials
Database- Health, Nutrition
and Population Programme
A database of BCC materials compiled by CARE.
CARE 2008
Government Training – Asha
Prashikshako ke liye
Prashikshak Guide: Bhag 1
(HINDI)
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes in Hindi language are
designed for the use of trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in
Modules 6 and 7. The notes have been organized in three parts. This first part
NHSRC, MoHFW
2010
152
reviews the key functions of ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field
of maternal and newborn health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A
of Module 7).
Government Training – Notes
for ASHA Trainers: Part 1
Published by the NHSRC, MoHFW in 2010, these notes are designed for the use of
trainers responsible for training ASHA and her facilitators in Modules 6 and 7. The
notes have been organized in three parts. This first part reviews the key functions of
ASHA and the skills she is expected to gain in the field of maternal and newborn
health (Module 6), and child health and nutrition (Part A of Module 7).
NHSRC, MoHFW
2010
Government Training--
Guidelines for
operationalizing SBA Training
in RCH II
This guideline was developed in 2008 by the MOHFW for the State/District Program
Managers, Trainers and In-charges of the identified training institutes to
standardize planning of SBA trainings at various levels with focus on coverage and
quality, ensure its effective management, and help these personnel identify their
specific roles.
MoHFW 2008
Government Training--
Handbook for Field NGOs: An
almanac for managers,
supervisors and field workers
Developed by the MOHFW in 2007 under the RCH II program, this handbook is
designed for use by the Mother Non Government Organizations (Mother NGO) as a
reference guide to train Field NGO staff in issues pertaining to program
management and facilitating service delivery. It explains in detail the basic concepts
of program management, and the steps for carrying out field activities.
MoHFW 2007
Government Training-- Life
saving anesthetic skills for
emergency obstetric care: Log
book for trainees
A training course developed by the MOHFW and Department of Anesthesia &
Intensive Care AIIMS to provide MBBS doctors with necessary skills and
competencies to manage cases requiring life saving emergency obstetric care at the
First Referral Units. It consists of two parts – the first part gives information about
the course content, methodology, the learning materials and assessment, and the
MoHFW
153
second part gives details of record keeping of procedures carried out under
supervision.
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 1
Published by the MOHFW in 2006, this book is the first in the series of seven
modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. This book describes the job
responsibilities of ASHAs for improving access and utilization of services for health,
nutrition, drinking water and sanitation, and gives information regarding
registration of pregnant women, Janani Suraksha Yojana, breast feeding, infant
nutrition, immunization and diarrhoea.
MoHFW 2006
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 2: Maternal and
Child health
Published by the MoHFW in 2006, this book is the second in the series of seven
modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. It provides information on
maternal and child health topics including menstrual cycle, fertility, care of a
pregnant woman, methods for preventing unwanted pregnancy and access of safe
abortion services, newborn care, infant and young child nutrition, and care/advice
for childhood illnesses.
MoHFW 2006
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 3: Family planning,
RTI/STIs, HIV/AIDS and ARSH
Published by the MOHFW in 2006, this book is the third in the series of seven
modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. It provides information on
ways and methods to prevent unwanted pregnancy including the merits/side
effects of each method, causes and methods of preventing HIV/AIDS, counseling
and advice for family planning, reproductive tract infections, and adolescent
reproductive health.
MoHFW 2006
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 4: National Health
Programmes, AYUSH and
Published by the MOHFW in 2006, this book is the fourth in the series of seven
modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. It provides information
about the various National Health Programmes to enable ASHAs facilitate
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154
management of minor
ailments
community participation and improved access of services, the remedies available in
the AYUSH system of medicine, and treatment/care in TB, malaria, animal bite,
wounds and burns.
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 5: About ASHA
Published by the MOHFW in 2008, this book is the fifth in the series of seven
modules developed for training of ASHAs under NRHM. This book covers topics
related to development of life skills in ASHAs in order to strengthen her role as a
health activist in the community.
MoHFW 2008
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 6: Maternal and
Newborn Health (NEW)
Published by the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC), MoHFW in
2010, this book is the sixth in the series of seven manuals developed for training
ASHAs under NRHM. This refresher module builds on the existing knowledge of
ASHA and aims to develop new skills in the healthcare of mothers and children. The
areas covered include the role, activities, outcomes and skills required by ASHA,
topics related to maternal health (pregnancy diagnosis, its complications, safe
delivery, care during delivery, post partum care), and newborn health (care at
delivery, essential newborn care, breastfeeding and schedule of home visits).
NHSRC, MoHFW
2010
Government Training--
Reading Material for ASHA
Book No 7: Child Health and
Nutrition (NEW)
Published by the National Health Systems Resource Centre (NHSRC), MoHFW in
2010, this book is the last in the series of seven manuals developed for training of
ASHAs under NRHM. This refresher module builds on the existing knowledge of
ASHA and aims to develop new skills in the healthcare of mothers and children. The
areas covered include infant and young child feeding, assessment of malnutrition,
management of simple childhood diseases, immunisation, assessment and
management of LBW babies and neonatal sepsis, and topics of women's
reproductive health.
NHSRC, MoHFW
2010
155
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Facilitators Guide
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This Facilitators guide informs the trainers about the training
schedule, topics, methodology and the tools to be used for training the program
managers during the training period.
WHO 2009
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Introduction (Module 1)
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This first module of a set of three modules describes the purpose
of training, the global child health status, recommended evidence-based child
health interventions and packages, principles of delivery of these interventions, and
definitions of specific terms.
WHO 2009
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Managing implementation
(Module 3)
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This last module of a set of three modules describes how to
advocate for child health and mobilize resources, manage supervision and monitor
WHO 2009
156
progress of activities according to the implementation plan.
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Planning implementation
(Module 2)
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This second module of a set of three modules describes the
preparation for developing an implementation plan, steps for reviewing
implementation status, how to decide targets, indicators and monitoring of
activities, and components of work-plan and budget.
WHO 2009
Managing Programmes to
improve Child Health:
Workbook
Developed by the WHO in 2009, this training material for the program managers
aims to provide them with the essential knowledge and skills required for improving
management of child health programmes, with focus on improving coverage with
effective interventions. It covers two major steps of the implementation planning
cycle – development of an implementation plan, and how to manage
implementation. This Workbook, to be used along with the set of three modules,
would help the managers acquire practical skills related to the training.
WHO 2009
Model Injection Centre-
Training Manual (Hindi) This manual was developed by IPEN to train participants in safe injection practices
and appropriate disposal of injection waste under the program ‘evaluation of
behavior related to injection practices in India. IPEN
Understanding Health
Management Information
Systems: HMIS Managers
Manual (draft version) (NEW)
A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS
division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool
for decentralized health planning and management. This third manual (draft
NHSRC 2011
157
version) is important for HMIS Managers who access databases to download data
and analyze it.
Understanding Health
Management Information
Systems: HMIS Resource
Person Manual (draft version)
(NEW)
A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS
division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool
for decentralized health planning and management. This fourth manual (draft
version) is important for those involved in designing and development of HMIS
software, or involved in constructing training programme or evaluating HMIS
systems.
NHSRC 2011
Understanding Health
Management Information
Systems: Health Programme
Manager’s Manual (NEW)
A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS
division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool
for decentralized health planning and management. This second manual is
important for Programme Managers working at different levels of health system,
and deals with the use of indicators, and understanding and troubleshooting of data
quality issues.
NHSRC 2011
Understanding Health
Management Information
Systems: Service Provider’s
Manual (NEW)
A set of four manuals, prepared and published jointly by the MoHFW and HMIS
division of National Health Systems Resource Centre in 2011, to be used as a tool
for decentralized health planning and management. This first manual is meant for
all health workers working in the system and gives information about the different
aspects of data elements.
NHSRC 2011
158
Scientific Articles
A rapid appraisal of Sahiya
(ASHA) in Jharkhand
Published in the journal Health and Population Perspectives and Issues in 2008, this
article aims to assess the functioning of Sahiya program in Jharkhand including
acceptability of these health workers in the community and their linkages with
other health workers (ANMs and AWWs). In Jharkhand, the community level health
worker introduced under NRHM is known as Sahiya instead of ASHA.
Health and Population
Perspectives and Issues
2008
An appraisal of Janani
Sahyogi Yojana in the state of
Madhya Pradesh
Published in the journal Health and Population Perspectives and Issues in 2008, this
article reviews the functioning of the Janani Sahyogi Yojana programme in the four
districts of Madhya Pradesh. This state level programme was launched to increase
the availability of delivery and newborn care services for Below Poverty Line (BPL)
families through the Private Service providers.
Health and Population
Perspectives and Issues
2008
Community-based health
programmes: role
perceptions and experiences
of female peer facilitators in
Mumbai’s urban slums
Published in 2009 in the Health Education Research journal, this study utilizes
qualitative methods to explore the role perceptions and experiences of female peer
facilitators involved in a community-based maternal and newborn health
intervention in urban slum areas of Mumbai in Maharashtra.
Health Education Research journal
2009
Reproductive and Child
Health inequities in
Chandigarh Union Territory of
India
This study published in the Journal of Urban Health in 2007 describes the findings of
a household survey (using the multi-indicator cluster sampling technique)
conducted in the Union Territory of Chandigarh to estimate the access of
reproductive and child health services to people living in urban, rural and slum
areas.
Journal of Urban Health
2007
Statistical Information
Fact Sheet All States This factsheet developed by NHSRC compares state-wise data on vital indicators
and other indicators related to Child Health, Maternal Health, Family Planning and
TB. The comparative data has been derived from NFHS III, SRS 2005 & 2007, SRS
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159
Bulletins and from Census 2001.
Fact Sheets NFHS-3
These fact sheets have been developed based on the National Family Health Survey
3. They present provisional information on the key indicators and trends for India
and the 29 states in the areas of Marriage and Fertility, Family Planning, and
Maternal and Child Health.
NFHS 2009
National Health Profile 2005 Developed by the Central Bureau of Health Information MOHFW in 2005, this
document compiles key information regarding India’s overall health status, health
expenditures, infrastructure and human resources in health. It brings out major
trends in past years and provides updated information and comparative account of
health situation existing in different states.
CBHI / MoHFW
2005
Nutrition in India: National
Family Health Survey (NFHS
3) India 2005-06
This report produced by the International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) in
2009 provides evidence of the poor nutritional status of young children, women,
and men in India, and the lack of improvement in their status over time. The
findings of this report are based on the data from NFHS 3.
IIPS 2009
Tracking progress in
Maternal, Newborn and Child
Survival: India 2008 report
The ‘India Countdown to 2015’ chart of 2008 gives graphical information on the
progress of specific interventions for Nutrition, Child Health, Maternal & Newborn
Health, Water & Sanitation, Health policies, Health systems and Equity issues, based
on the latest data from the country.
Countdown to 2015 – Maternal,
Newborn & Child Survival
2008
“If you have knowledge, let others light their candles in it” Margaret Fuller
Repository on Maternal Child Health
Website: www.childhealthindiainfo.com