Reporter: Ching-ting Lin

Instructor: Ming-puu Chen

Information Communication Technology and the New

UniversityA View on e-Learning

Cheol, H. O. (2003). Information Communication Technology and the New University: A View on e-Learning. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 585(1), 134-153.

Main Topic

• The meaning of the digital eradigital era for higher education by examining the potential of potential of cyberspacecyberspace.

• Major issues of e-Learningissues of e-Learning and a client-client-centered approachcentered approach.

• Surveys on both students’ and adults’ feeling students’ and adults’ feeling and awarenessand awareness of e-Learning are presented and discussed.

• Suggestions for helping improve the qualitySuggestions for helping improve the quality of e-Learning will be made.

Introduction• Few academic studies written on the humhum

an aspectsan aspects of teaching on the Internet

• The instructional design processinstructional design process has the biggest effect on final course/program quality － not the use of technology

• Another important player in e-Learning, that is, students or potential usersstudents or potential users

Major Issues of e-Learning(1)

• How to offer the promise of– Anytime, anywhere, and anyway teaching– Producing greater learning effectiveness– Improving learner-centered approaches– Better quality of interaction

• How to increase access to educationincrease access to education

but not decrease in instructional qualitydecrease in instructional quality

Major Issues of e-Learning(2)

• Issues on the qualityquality of online education– Three dimensions to quality standards (Helles

heim 1998)• Organizational criteria• Technological criteria• Instructional criteria

• How much attention should be given to teach computer skillscomputer skills and investments in bubuilding information infrastructureilding information infrastructure

Major Issues of e-Learning(3)

• Autonomy 自律• Dropout rates

• Social skill– Interacting via computer network– Collaboration

A view of the Client-Centered Approach(1)

• Pay attention to what students expectstudents expect from online education and to adjustto adjust, if necessary, the ovoverall designerall design of eLearning

• learning on the Internet is to improve the quality improve the quality of educationof education for students

• The purpose of e-Learning is to achieve the desachieve the desired and intended endsired and intended ends

• Even though the means for online interaction and participation are provided, students still need eencouragementncouragement or motivation to get involved

A view of the Client-Centered Approach(2)

• Rapp and Poertner (1992, 16-26) proposed four principlesfour principles of the client-centered approach in social administration:– venerating clients 尊重– creating and maintaining focus– demonstrating a healthy disrespect for the im

possible– learning for a living

A view of the Client-Centered Approach(3)

• How do instructors view students as having abilities– Instructors need to know the students‘ motives, expemotives, expe

ctations, purposes, backgroundsctations, purposes, backgrounds– Instructors need to promote the idea that students arstudents ar

e major playerse major players• This point is particularly meaningful in the sense that eLearni

ng courses often face multiple constituencies ( 顧客 )– Instructors need to have a student advocacystudent advocacy perspe

ctive toward their own jobs.

An Understanding of Learner as Client

A Look at the Reality• Sample: 166 students who enrolled in nine

distance learning universities in Korea

• 57 questions of interest associated with the overall picture of e-Learning– 20 questions are about teaching and learning– 10 questions are about students themselves

TABLE 1Satisfaction with e-Learning and

Interaction

Implications(1)

• This indicates the institutions needs to impimprove pedagogical skills and methodrove pedagogical skills and method.

• It is content and instructional strategiescontent and instructional strategies that motivate the learner.

• Most interaction between teachers and students is made through questions and answers.

TABLE 2 & 3Satisfaction with the Content of Teaching

& What Students Learn

Implications(2&3)

• The adoption of ICT does not automatically lead to improving students’ learning. It needs strategies relevant to the changing context.

• Taking courses on the Internet also helped to improve communication skills.

TABLE 4Awareness of e-Learning

(overall and by Education)

Implications(4)

• Sample: a telephone survey with 1,005 adults between ages 20 and 50 through a clustering sampling method

• Korean adults are generally well aware of and with high expectations on e-Learning

• This finding holds irrespectiveirrespective of age, location, and sex ,however, varies with educationvaries with education.

• People are relatively little aware of benefits on the Web. (e.g. obtaining degrees by taking courses)

TABLE 5 & 6Reasons for taking web-based course

Concluding Remarks & Suggestion

• Instructors need to develop courses on the Internet by strategically designing instructionsstrategically designing instructions.

• More cognitive interactioncognitive interaction between instructors and students is needed.

• Students’ satisfaction with the coursessatisfaction with the courses they took on the Internet is not high.– Instructors need to be more aggressive in articulating

strategies for course management, especially motivating students to get involved in the courses

END

Thanks for listening~^^~