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Report WG1 - progress achieved so far, next steps
ANNUAL CONFERENCE European Science and Technology Network on Unconventional
Hydrocarbon Extraction
Working Group 1 (WG 1):
Exploration, demonstration and production projects in the EU
23rd February 2016
Brussels, Rue Froissart 36, Centre Borschette
Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Alwyn Hart
WG1 was created in order to create a database on
exploration, demonstration and production projects in the EU • GOALS:
• A comprehensive list of projects in the EU
• A comparative analysis based on the data collected.
For preparing the output, the WG1 was split into the following Tasks:
(A) Collation of existing and where relevant, planned unconventional
hydrocarbon exploration/production projects in the EU,
(B) Comparative assessment of environmental data gathered in the
database, including comparison at international level (beyond EU)
(C) Identification of gaps and R&D needs, building on assessment of
project specific data carried out,
(D) preparation of an annual conference and report
CONVENTIONAL versus UNCONVENTIONAL – moving frontiers
GEOLOGY/RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
Shale
gas/oil
Tight gas Coal bed
Methane
Water/fluids Air/climate Seismicity Well
integrity
Conoco
Phillips report
Europe 2015
German list of
wells 2014
Preview
CBM Poland
2013
Fracfocus
analysis 2015
Climate
change
German
report 2015 +
EuroGeoSurv
ey statement
2013 different
view)
Bowland
Seismicity
report 2011
UH wells’
integrity 2014
Silurian
shales Poland
exploration
2013
Tight gas
Poland press
release 2015 +
tight gas
Poland report
2015 (full and
short)
Pre-mine
recovery of
CBM 2014
Fracking
wastewater 2015
Vertical
extends of
fractures 2012
Paleozoic
shales of
Poland 2014
Groundwater
contamination
2015
Gapowo and
Syczyn report
Shale gas
boreholes
Poland 2015
Water
management and
UH 2013
Shale gas/oil
resources
Poland 2012
Monitoring of
flowback
Bowland 2011
Oil & Gas Poland general report 2015 Guidelines for environmental risk assessment Green Leaves 2011
Lebien report 2012
UK Shale Gas and the environment 2013
Summary of 7 environmental impact reports Poland 2015 (in Polish)
DATA MATRIX (CIRCABC) p.r. papers reports datasets
Nu
mb
er
OP
ER
AT
OR
NA
ME
OF
CO
NC
ES
SIO
N
CO
NC
ES
SIO
N N
UM
BE
R
Co
ncessio
n L
icen
cin
g A
uth
ority
BO
RE
HO
LE
TY
PE
OF
BO
RE
HO
LE
UT
M Z
on
e
UT
M X
(m)
UT
M Y
(m)
Lo
cality
- Co
un
try
Lo
cality
- Co
mm
un
e
Lo
cality
- co
un
ty
Lo
cality
- vo
ivo
dsh
ip
Drillin
g S
tatu
s
Op
era
ting
Sta
tus (E
xp
lora
tion
/
Pro
du
ctio
n)
ST
AR
T O
F D
RIL
LIN
G (Y
YY
Y)
ST
AR
T O
F D
RIL
LIN
G (M
MM
-YY
))
Year C
om
ple
ted
(YY
YY
)
EN
D O
F D
RIL
LIN
G (M
MM
-YY
)
LIQ
UID
AT
ION
WE
LL
ST
IMU
LA
TIO
N
DA
TE
OR
WE
LL
ST
IMU
LA
TIO
N (Y
YY
Y)
DA
TE
OF
FIR
ST
WE
LL
ST
IMU
LA
TIO
N
(MM
M-Y
Y)
DA
TE
OF
SE
CO
ND
WE
LL
ST
IMU
LA
TIO
N
(MM
M-Y
Y)
DA
TE
OF
TH
IRD
WE
LL
ST
IMU
LA
TIO
N
(MM
M-Y
Y)
TE
ST
RE
SU
LT
S (b
est re
su
lts g
iven
in
m3/2
4h
)
Date
of W
ell D
eco
mis
ion
ing
(MM
M-Y
Y)
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
AL
IMP
AC
T S
TU
DY
OT
HE
R
1
Lane E
nerg
y
Pola
nd S
p. z
o.o
.
Lębork
16/2
007/p
Łebie
ń L
E-1
vertic
al
Pola
nd
Now
a W
ieś
Lębors
ka
Com
ple
ted
Explo
ratio
n
2010
cze-1
0
2010
lip-1
0
hyd
raulic
fractu
ring
2010
lis-1
0
no
no
positiv
e
?
No
7
Lane E
nerg
y
Pola
nd S
p. z
o.o
.
Dam
nic
a
17/2
007/P
Warb
lino-1
H
horiz
onta
l
Pola
nd
Głó
wczyc
e
Com
ple
ted
Explo
ratio
n
2011
sty-1
1
2011
lut-1
1
hyd
raulic
fractu
ring
2011
lis-1
1
no
no
positiv
e
?
No
8
ExxonM
obil
Explo
ratio
n
Pro
ductio
n
Pola
nd S
p. z
o.o
.
Miń
sk
Mazow
iecki
31/2
008/p
Sie
nnic
a-1
vertic
al
Pola
nd
Sie
nnic
a
Com
ple
ted
Explo
ratio
n
2011
lut-1
1
2011
kw
i-11
yes
hyd
raulic
fractu
ring
2011
lip-1
1
no
no
negativ
e
?
No
9
Saponis
Investm
ents
Sp. z
o.o
.
Słu
psk
34/2
009/p
Lębork
S-1
vertic
al
Pola
nd
Lębork
Com
ple
ted
Explo
ratio
n
2011
mar-1
1
2011
kw
i-11
hyd
raulic
fractu
ring
2011
kw
i-11
no
no
positiv
e
?
No
10
Lan
e E
nerg
y
Po
lan
d S
p. z
o.o
.
Lęb
ork
16/2
007/p
Łeb
ień
LE
-
2H
ho
rizo
nta
l
Po
lan
d
No
wa W
ieś
Lęb
ors
ka
Co
mp
lete
d
Exp
lora
tion
2011
maj-1
1
2011
cze-1
1
hyd
rau
lic
fractu
ring
2011
sie
-11
no
no
po
sitiv
e,
24460
m3/2
4h
?
YE
S
SHALE GAS - well-by-well dataset (well that have been drilled, with licenses
granted, fractured wells are marked; source – governmental)
Other well-specific datasets (composition of fracturing fluids) – International Association of Oil and Gas producers:
http://www.ngsfacts.org/findawell/ and OPPW website: http://www.opppw.pl/en/fracturing_fluid_composition/23
The wells list is focused only on shale
gas/oil. From the total of 132 wells,
only a small fraction of them (14 in
total) were stimulated (12 in Poland, 1
in UK and 1 in Germany). There were
preliminary assessed also other types
of unconventional hydrocarbons wells.
As such, there were found in total:
• 331 Tight Gas wells distributed as
following: 327 wells in Germany, 2
in Poland (HF), and another 2 extra
in Poland which were registered as
Tight Gas and Shale Gas
• 106 CBM wells all from UK (of
which 3 yielded commercial
production); few exploratory wells
from France and Poland were
documented but not listed.
CBM/Tight Gas list is not
comprehensive.
The last updated Shale Gas list contains a total
number of 132 Shale Gas sites distributed among the
following countries
Site-specific data input – microseismic centres at fracturing stimulation, Lubocino
Height of hydraulic fractures is not in excess of 80 m. The horizontal range of the
induced fractures was more extensive – on average, they reached a distance of
maximum 180 m from the horizontal borehole segment.
TRUE UNCONVENTIONAL TIGHT GAS RESOURCES
(BASIN CENTRE GAS ACCUMULATIONS)
GAS IN LESS PERMEABLE SANDSTONES
(SOMETIMES IDENTIFIED WITH TIGHT GAS)
TIGHT GAS – DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESOURCES
Only the B type: list
from Germany, 323
entries – 6 from
Poland – not fully
disclosed, to be
supplemented
Coal Bed Methane – limited activity
106 wells drilled
in UK
IGas Co.
operates 3
productive wells
(Doe Green near
Liverpool).
Several wells
drilled by the
Française de
l'Energie in
France
Wesoła Mine, Upper Silesia – horizontal well and hydraulic
fracturing test in a working coal mine. Larger scale activities
planned by PGNiG (National Petroleum Company)
Shale gas recoverable resources of the onshore and offshore Baltic –
Poland – are estimated for maximum:
1920 Bcm (1,92 Tcm)
Taking into account constraints on key parameters of the calculations the higher
probability range of recoverable shale gas resources is:
346 - 768 Bcm
With the level of current gas consumption in Poland (14,5 Bcm/y) the shale gas
resources together with conventional fields are an equivalent of:
- 35 - 65 years of cumulative gas consumption on Polish market, SHALE OIL
Shale oil recoverable resources of the onshore and offshore Baltic –Poland
- are estimated for maximum:
535 MMtons (3905 MMB)
Taking into account constrains on key parameters of the calculations the higher
probability range of recoverable shale oil resources is:
215 – 268 MMtons (1569 – 1956 MMB)
These resources are therefore 8,5 to 10,5 times higher than documented
conventional fields in Poland (26 MMtons; 190 MMB).
With the level of current oil consumption in Poland (24 MMtons; 175 MMB) shale
oil together with conventional fields are an equivalent of:
- 10 - 12 years of cumulative oil consumption on Polish market
RESOURCE DATA – THE POLISH REPORT, 2012
Substantial disparities in preliminary
estimations – refinement of
assessment methods is needed
(EUOGA)
Although still limited, (72 wells, of which just 12 hydraulically fractured), the
new data allowed better understanding of the shale play in Poland – and
actually may tell us what we can expect elsewhere in Europe. Hitherto
technical results of appraisal drilling in Poland (71 completed wells, of which
12 were stimulated) have been below expectations (best test outputs reached
between 10.000 and some 20.000 cubic metres per day). Low formation
pressures, high clay content and modest TOC content are indicated as main
reasons for hitherto disappointing results of exploration.
150 Bcm a year! Same
amount as Europe imports
from Gasprom! That
stirred imagination and
entry into Poland of Exxon
Mobil and other giants.
Recovery factors based on multiple analogous
North American shale plays !!!
Thermal maturity (%Ro) of
the Lower Silurian shales
in Poland
MORE DETAILED STUDIES – MAPS OF CERTAIN PARAMETERS
UK perspectives - by analogy with similar producing shale gas plays in N.
America, the UK shale gas reserve potential could be as large as 150 bcm
GEOLOGICAL ASSESMENT – IN SPACE (BASINS) AND GEOLOGICAL TIME
Good geological background is the first step conditioning further exploration – this
is particularly important in the case of unconventional hydrocarbons. European
geology is considered as a very complex one
North America vs Poland – and Europe – note the sheer scale
of American basins and shale reservoir properties
Polish Basin
Main American
basins
After: Ottmann & Bohacs
NEXT STEPS - WHAT IS SWEET SPOT?
WELL-SPECIFIC APPROACH - SCREENING OF AN ORDOVICIAN TARGET
EXISTING WELLS WITH A HIGHER AVERAGE ORGANIC MATTER (TOC) >1
Compiled by Adam Wójcicki
? offshore
Good Average
IN EACH TARGET INTERVAL:
Thickness - potential volume of gas-in-place
+ Composition of bulk rock (carbonate, quartz, total clay) –
brittleness, susceptibility to hydraulic fracturing
+ Total organic carbon (TOC) – generation of hydrocarbons
____________________________________________________
= POTENTIAL SWEET SPOT (however, you have to be lucky to have all these
delights occurring together in one place)
After all, the depth of
potential sweet spot is also
important – the deeper,
the higher the cost
1
Environmental study carried out at 7 test-site locations: 1 –
Lubocino, 2 – Stare Miasto, 3 – Syczyn, 4 – Wysin, 5 –
Zawada, 6 – Łebień, 7 – Gapowo
*Identification of the local conditions
and field work planning
*Examination of the baseline status
of the environment prior to the
commencement of exploration (2
sites)
*Measurements while drilling
vertical/directional wells
*Studies during hydraulic fracture
stimulation and gas flow testing.
*Examination of the status of the
environment on completion of drill
site operations
*Monitoring of the status of the
environment after the completion of
downhole operations.
Recommendations/conclusions (PL reports): • Polish government and regulatory entities concluded on the basis of site specific study
(environmental impact assesment) , carried out at 7 shale gas exploration wells, that
hydraulic fracturing process does not pose long lasting, significant impact on environment, if
existing technical rules are observed.
• Special concern should be put on waste management, as high quantities of drilling wastes,
flowback and produced water might pose hazards to natural environment on site and
elsewhere.
• Ensuring safety of the environment and sufficient public perception and safety in production
areas will require an adequate control of technical operations and the establishment of
uniform, independent, long-term monitoring of the environment. Further
exploratory/production operations should be preceded by:
- site specific water supply study (incl. alternative water sources)
- baseline status of surface and groundwater (quality and quantity),
- background concentrations of methane in groundwater,
• baseline concentrations of methane in soil gas – accurate measurement of thermogenic
methane emission still remains difficult. Differentiation between different sources of
thermogenic methane is even more difficult, if possible at all
Environmental impact assessment can be seen as assessing the consequences and
results following certain action and event – thus, such approach can offer verification of
environmental risk assesment.
19
UK Environment Agency, Onshore Oil & Gas Sector
Guidance, 2015
EU still in early exploration phase
EU shale drilling activity remains low
Drilling in the EU accounts for less than 3% of the shale wells drilled outside
North America
Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells has been limited
Main activity still in Poland, in future better perspectives in the UK, possibly
development in Germany and Romania
During the Working Group meetings it was noted that there is still an issue of
common language, particularly in the debate between NGOs, science and
industry, because some words used can be very misleading in a different
context – for example: definition of well integrity and its failure, magnitude of
eathquakes, mixing different types of subsurface activities.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS:
THE WG1 ACHIEVEMENTS:
The Workgroup 1 deliverables are products of the dialogue among Network experts and the collaboration between several internal services of the Commission regarding various environmental aspects of hydraulic fracturing, or by collating disparate information from public domain or grey literature.
There were created the following:
• The list of shale gas/oil exploration wells in EU – organised in a consistent manner having the well as central unit of assessment
• Preliminary list of tight gas and CBM (to be further developed); European unconventional hydrocarbons wells which was partially populated with the latest available information
• Collection of relevant references, organized in three cathegories: databases, reports, peer-reviewed papers. Additionaly, databases were complemented with two working worksheets (for user input), focusing on the environmental studies and relevant baselines/monitoring as established in the Commission Recommendation (2014/70/EU) – a matrix with various parameters to be filled in
• A GIS project assembling the information from all input files (wells list, environmental worksheets, database) into a geodatabase and presenting the content on geo-referenced maps; an online interactive database interface allowing basic operations like filtering, creating various infographics or conduct statistical analysis to be performed.