report to congress. office of international affairs

8/3/2019 REPORT TO CONGRESS. Office of International Affairs

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Pcport to Eoglrcss og Dgtcrgatdogak

Ceogonde agh Cxebaglc Patc ]okdedcs

S.U. Hcpartncgt oj tbc XrcasuryOjjdec oj Dgtcrgatdogak Ajjadrs

Hcecn`cr 0


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Xa`kc oj Eogtcgts

FCT JDGHDGLU .......................................................................................................................................................... 0

DGXPOHSEXDOG ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

S.U. NAEPOCEOGONDE XPCGHU ........................................................................................................................ 3

XBC LKO@AK CEOGONT ...................................................................................................................................... 4

S.U. DGXCPGAXDOGAK AEEOSGXU .................................................................................................................... 15

XBC HOKKAP DG JOPCDLG CREBAGLC NAPFCXU ..................................................................................... 18

AGAKTUCU OJ DGHDZDHSAK CEOGONDCU ...................................................................................................... 13

AUDA ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13Ebdga ................................................................................................................................................................. 13Iapag .................. ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ...... 14Uoutb Forca ....................................................................................................................................................... 01Xadwag ............................................................................................................................................................... 05

CSPO]C .................................................................................................................................................................. 08Curo Arca ......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........... .......... ........ 08

Uwdtzcrkagh ........................................................................................................................................................ 03Sgdtch Fdglhon ................................................................................................................................................ 0:

\CUXCPG BCNDU]BCPC ......................................................................................................................................... 0


3/33

Fcy Jdghdgls

Xbc Ongdùs Xrahc agh Eonpctdtdvcgcss Aet oj 1422 (tbc "Aet") rcqudrcs tbc Ucerctary oj tbcXrcasury to provdhc scndagguak rcports og tbc dgtcrgatdogak ceogonde agh cxebaglc ratc pokdedcs ojtbc naior trahdgl partgcrs oj tbc Sgdtch Utatcs. Sghcr Ucetdog 5==8 oj tbc Aet, tbc Pcport nust

eogsdhcr "wbctbcr eougtrdcs nagdpukatc tbc ratc oj cxebaglc `ctwccg tbcdr eurrcgey agh tbc SgdtchUtatcs hokkar jor purposcs oj prcvcgtdgl cjjcetdvc àkagec oj payncgts ahiustncgt or ladgdgl ugjadreonpctdtdvc ahvagtalc dg dgtcrgatdogak trahc." Xbds Pcport eovcrs hcvckopncgts dg tbc jdrst bakj oj0=11 agh, wbcrc pcrtdgcgt agh avadka`kc, hata tbroulb ndh-Hcecn`cr 0=11. Xrcasury bas eogekuhchtbat go naior trahdgl partgcr oj tbc Sgdtch Utatcs nct tbc stagharhs dhcgtdjdch dg Ucetdog 5==8 oj tbcAet hurdgl tbc pcrdoh eovcrch dg tbc Pcport.

Xbc paec oj S.U. ceogonde lrowtb skowch narfchky hurdgl tbc jdrst bakj oj 0=11, to iust =.4 pcrecgtat ag agguak ratc, huc partky to tcnporary jaetors, tbcg pdefch up dg tbc tbdrh quartcr to a 1.2 pcrecgtagguakdzch ratc oj lrowtb. ]rdvatc scetor jorceastcrs arc proicetdgl lrowtb oj 0.03 pcrecgt dg 0=10.Sgcnpkoyncgt ds stdkk bdlb at 2.: pcrecgt, aktboulb 0.4 ndkkdog prdvatc scetor io`s bavc ccg ahhchovcr tbc past 01 nogtbs. @oostdgl lrowtb agh ercatdgl io`s dg tbc gcar tcrn rcnadgs a fcy

Ahndgdstratdog prdordty. At tbc sanc tdnc, tbc Ahndgdstratdog ds jdrnky eonndttch to puttdgl S.U.lovcrgncgt jdgagecs og a sustadga`kc traicetory. Udlgdjdeagt hcjdedt rchuetdog was rcecgtky cgsurch `ytbc @uhlct Eogtrok Aet, wbdeb `ceanc kaw og Aulust 0, 0=11, ùt ahhdtdogak hcjdedt rchuetdog dsekcarky gcecssary to rcstorc kogl-tcrn jdseak sustadga`dkdty.

Jokkowdgl nohcst lkoàk lrowtb dg tbc jdrst bakj oj 0=11, hrdvcg prdgedpakky `y cncrldgl narfctceogondcs, rdsdgl jdgagedak strcss dg tbc curo arca hanpcgch tbc lkoàk outkoof. Ceogonde aghjdgagedak strcsscs dg tbc curo arca bavc sprcah to sonc oj dts karlcst ceogondcs, wdtb sbarp dgercascsdg sovcrcdlg ogh ydckhs agh dghdeators oj agfdgl strcss. Xbds bas ahvcrscky ajjcetch erchdt,eogjdhcgec, agh lrowtb dg tbc curo arca. Nagy prdvatc scetor jorceastcrs arc gow proicetdgl gclatdvclrowtb ovcr tbc gcxt scvcrak quartcrs dg sonc curo arca ceogondcs.

Lkoàk jdgagedak narfcts arc stroglky dgtcreoggcetch. Xbc hccpcgdgl oj Curopc's erdsds bas akrcahydnpaetch lkoàk eapdtak jkows agh tbc eurrcgey narfcts. Aktboulb nost cncrldgl narfct eurrcgedcsapprcedatch aladgst tbc hokkar dg tbc jdrst bakj oj 0=11, dg nagy eascs tbat apprcedatdog was norc tbagugwough dg tbc sceogh bakj oj 0=11 as rdsf avcrsdog dgercasch. Xbc Curopcag erdsds rcnadgs asdlgdjdeagt rdsf to tbc lkoàk rceovcry. Lrowtb jorceasts jor 0=10 bavc `ccg rcpcatchky rchuech.Eogscgsus Jorceasts dg carky Hcecn`cr proicetch iust 0.< pcrecgt lkoàk lrowtb dg 0=10, howg jron5.0 pcrecgt proicetch dg Ucptcn`cr.

Xbds rcport rcvdcws tbc cxebaglc ratc pokdedcs oj tcg ceogondcs aeeougtdgl jor


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Ovcr tbc past hceahc, Ebdga bas rcsdstch vcry strogl narfct prcssurcs jor PN@ apprcedatdog.Ebdgas rcak cjjcetdvc cxebaglc ratc bas cxbd`dtch pcrsdstcgt agh su`stagtdak ughcrvakuatdog, aktboulbtbc cstdnatch raglc oj ndsakdlgncgt bas garrowch ovcr tbc eoursc oj tbc past 12 nogtbs.

Ebdga bckh norc tbag $5.0 trdkkdog dg jorcdlg cxebaglc rcscrvcs at tbc cgh oj Ucptcn`cr 0=11 wdtb$5


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bdlbcr ratc oj honcstde dgjkatdog dg Ebdga tbag dg tbc Sgdtch Utatcs, tbc rcgndg`d bas apprcedatch

aladgst tbc hokkar og a rcak, dgjkatdog-ahiustch asds y gcarky 10 pcrecgt sdgec Iugc 0=1= agh gcarky8= pcrecgt sdgec Ebdga jdrst dgdtdatch eurrcgey rcjorn dg 0==3.

@asch og tbc oglodgl apprcedatdog oj tbc rcgndg`d aladgst tbc hokkar sdgec Iugc 0=1=, tbc hcekdgc dgEbdga's eurrcgt aeeougt surpkus, agh Ebdga's eonndtncgts at tbc L-0= agh tbc S.U.-Ebdga Utratcldeagh Ceogonde Hdakoluc (U&CH) asscrtdgl tbat dt wdkk eogtdguc to pronotc jastcr PN@ cxebaglc ratcjkcxd`dkdty, Xrcasury bas eogekuhch tbat tbc stagharhs dhcgtdjdch dg Ucetdog 5==8 oj tbc Aet hurdgl tbcpcrdoh eovcrch dg tbds Pcport bavc got `ccg nct wdtb rcspcet to Ebdga.

Gogctbckcss, dg kdlbt oj tbc pcrsdstcgt ndsakdlgncgt oj tbc PN@ at a su`stagtdakky ughcrvakuch kcvck,Xrcasury asscsscs tbat novcncgt oj tbc PN@ to hatc ds dgsujjdedcgt agh norc prolrcss ds gcchch.Xrcasury wdkk eogtdguc to ekoscky nogdtor tbc paec oj PN@ apprcedatdog agh prcss jor pokdey ebaglcstbat ydckh lrcatcr cxebaglc ratc jkcxd`dkdty, kcvck tbc pkaydgl jdckh, agh support a progougech aghsustadgch sbdjt to honcstde-hcnagh kch lrowtb.

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Dgtrohuetdog

Xbds Pcport joeuscs og dgtcrgatdogak ceogonde agh jorcdlg cxebaglc hcvckopncgts dg tbc jdrstgdgc nogtbs oj 0=11. \bcrc pcrtdgcgt agh wbcg avadka`kc, hata agh hcvckopncgts tbroulb ndh-Hcecn`cr arc dgekuhch.

Cxports agh dnports oj loohs to agh jron tbc arcas wbosc ceogondcs agh eurrcgedcs archdseussch dg tbds Pcport aeeougtch jor


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Bousdgl hcnagh rcnadgs eogstradgch `y rckatdvcky tdlbt kcghdgl stagharhs, ugecrtadgty aòutjuturc bonc prdecs, agh tbc bdlb kcvck oj ugcnpkoyncgt. \bdkc tbc dgvcgtory oj boncsavadka`kc jor sakc bas jakkcg a lrcat hcak ovcr tbc past scvcrak ycars, dt ds stdkk vcry bdlb rckatdvc tosakcs. At tbc cgh oj Oeto`cr tbcrc was a :.5-nogtb suppky oj gcw boncs og tbc narfct, roulbkydg kdgc wdtb tbc kogl-tcrn avcralc. Bowcvcr, tbc suppky oj cxdstdgl boncs avadka`kc jor sakc (48

pcrecgt oj akk bonc sakcs) was stdkk ckcvatch at ag 2.=-nogtb suppky kcvck6 gcarky hou`kc tbcavcralc kcvck tbat prcvadkch prdor to tbc bousdgl ù``kc. Dg ahhdtdog, tbcrc ds a karlc sbahowdgvcgtory oj boncs (cdtbcr dg jorcekosurc or wdtb nortlalcs norc tbag 4= hays past huc) wdtb tbcpotcgtdak to ahh sdlgdjdeagtky to tbc gun`cr oj boncs avadka`kc jor sakc dg tbc juturc. Xbcovcrbagl oj boncs og tbc narfct bas bckh àef gcw eogstruetdog agh put howgwarh prcssurc ogbousc prdecs. Bousc prdec ncasurcs bavc sbowg sdlgs oj sta`dkdzatdog dg rcecgt nogtbs ùteogtdguch to hcekdgc og a ycar-ovcr-ycar àsds. Xbc U&]/Easc-Ubdkkcr 0=-edty bousc prdec dghcxjckk 5.: pcrecgt `ckow dts ycar-carkdcr kcvck dg Ucptcn`cr. Xbc JBJA bousc prdec dghcx jckk 0.0pcrecgt ovcr tbc ycar cghdgl dg Ucptcn`cr.

Kaòr Narfct Eoghdtdogs Eogtdguch to Dnprovc

Xbc strcgltb oj tbc kaòr narfct rceovcry wagch hurdgl tbc sunncr ùt bas norc rcecgtkysbowg sdlgs oj dnprovcncgt. Og avcralc, gogjarn payrokks dgercasch `y 150,=== pcr nogtb dgtbc jdrst ckcvcg nogtbs oj 0=11, up jron a nogtbky avcralc oj


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rcjkcetdgl tbc karlc hclrcc oj skaef dg kaòr narfcts agh kow kcvck oj eapaedty utdkdzatdog. Xbceogsuncr prdec dghcx rosc 5.8 pcrecgt ovcr tbc ycar tbat cghch dg Govcn`cr 0=11, up jron a 1.1pcrecgt dgercasc hurdgl tbc ycar tbat cghch dg Govcn`cr 0=1=. Eorc eogsuncr prdecs(cxekuhdgl jooh agh cgcrly) rosc 0.0 pcrecgt ovcr tbc ycar tbat cghch dg Govcn`cr 0=11,eonparch to =.2 pcrecgt ovcr tbc sanc pcrdoh a ycar carkdcr. Lrowtb oj eonpcgsatdog eosts

rcnadgch eogtadgch dg tbc tbdrh quartcr. Xbc Cnpkoyncgt Eost Dghcx (CED) jor prdvatc-dghustryworfcrs rosc 0.0 pcrecgt ovcr tbc ycar tbat cghch dg Ucptcn`cr 0=11. Pcecgt ycar-ovcr-ycarladgs dg tbds ncasurc arc anogl tbc snakkcst dg tbc 5=-ycar bdstory oj tbc hata scrdcs, aseonparatdvcky kow lrowtb dg walcs agh sakardcs bas ojjsct norc rapdh dgercascs dg `cgcjdt eosts.

Jdseak Eogsokdhatdog ds a ]rdordty

Xbc S.U. ceogony bas nahc dnportagt prolrcss ovcr tbc past two ycars, ùt tbc rceovcry ds jarjron eonpkctc agh stdkk got proecchdgl jast cgoulb to ncagdgljukky `rdgl howg tbcugcnpkoyncgt ratc. At tbc sanc tdnc, tbc eurrcgt jdseak traicetory ds ugsustadga`kc. Kcjtugahhrcssch, our lrowdgl hc`t ùrhcg tbrcatcgs to ughcrndgc tbc joughatdogs oj our juturc

ceogonde strcgltb. Xbc Ahndgdstratdog ds jdrnky eonndttch to puttdgl S.U. lovcrgncgt jdgagecsog a sustadga`kc traicetory. Dg tbc gcar tcrn, bowcvcr, tbc ceogony gcchs ahhdtdogak support.Xbc sebchukch cxpdratdog oj tbc payrokk tax eut agh cxtcgsdog oj ugcnpkoyncgt `cgcjdts put dgpkaec kast Hcecn`cr, akogl wdtb tbc eogtdguch jahc-out oj spcghdgl ughcr tbc AncrdeagPceovcry agh Pcdgvcstncgt Aet oj 0==4, ds cxpcetch to `c a su`stagtdak hral og tbc ceogony dg0=10. @oostdgl lrowtb agh ercatdgl io`s dg tbc gcar tcrn rcnadgs ag dnportagt prdordty jor tbcAhndgdstratdog.

Dg carky Ucptcn`cr, tbc ]rcsdhcgt proposch tbc Ancrdeag Io`s Aet, wbdeb woukh provdhc$88< `dkkdog dg tarlctch support jor tbc ceogony gcxt ycar. Xbc ncasurcs dgekuhch dg tbdspaefalc wcrc hcsdlgch to dgercasc bouscbokh hdsposa`kc dgeonc agh prdvatc eogsunptdog, spurdgjrastrueturc dgvcstncgt, prcvcgt bughrchs oj tbousaghs oj tcaebcrs jron `cdgl kadh ojj, aghrcjorn our ugcnpkoyncgt dgsuragec systcn to nafc dt casdcr jor tbc ugcnpkoych to lct àef toworf.

Xbc ]rcsdhcgt sdnuktagcousky eakkch jor hcjdedt rchuetdog tbat ds karlc cgoulb to sta`dkdzc tbc hc`tas a sbarc oj LH]. Xbc @uhlct Eogtrok Aet cgaetch dg carky Aulust was ag dnportagt jdrst stcpdg tbds hdrcetdog. Dt put dg pkaec bdstorde euts dg hcjcgsc agh honcstde hdserctdogary spcghdgl tbatwdkk lcgcratc gcarky $1 trdkkdog dg savdgls ovcr tbc gcxt tcg ycars. Og Ucptcn`cr 14, tbc]rcsdhcgt proposch a eonprcbcgsdvc agh àkagech hcjdedt rchuetdog pkag to ojjsct tbc eost oj tbcAncrdeag Io`s Aet agh rchuec tbc 1=-ycar hcjdedt `y norc tbag $5 trdkkdog, og top oj tbc roulbky$1 trdkkdog dg spcghdgl euts dgekuhch dg tbc @uhlct Eogtrok Aet. Xbc ]rcsdhcgts ]kag jorCeogonde Lrowtb agh Hcjdedt Pchuetdog woukh lcgcratc norc rcvcguc agh rchuec tbc ratc ojlrowtb dg bcaktb earc spcghdgl, wbdkc protcetdgl tbc lovcrgncgts dgvcstncgts dg arcas erdtdeak toceogonde lrowtb agh puttdgl tbc ceogony dg a stroglcr posdtdog to wdtbstagh juturc sboefs.Sghcr tbc ]rcsdhcgts pkag, tbc hcjdedt woukh jakk to 0.5 pcrecgt oj LH] dg 0=016 dg tbc a`scgecoj agy jurtbcr hcjdedt rchuetdog, tbc hcjdedt woukh `c 8.< pcrecgt oj LH] dg 0=01. Xbc pkagwoukh ckdndgatc tbc prdnary hcjdedt `y 0=1< agh hc`t as a sbarc oj tbc ceogony woukh `c og ahcekdgdgl patb. Dg tbc a`scgec oj tbc hcjdedt rchuetdog eakkch jor dg tbds pkag, tbc hc`t-to-LH]ratdo woukh rdsc to 2: pcrecgt dg 0=01.

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Xbc Lkoàk Ceogony

Lkoàk lrowtb was nohcst dg tbc jdrst bakj oj 0=11, hrdvcg prdgedpakky `y tbc cncrldgl narfct

ceogondcs. @y tbc tbdrh quartcr, bowcvcr, tbc lkoàk ceogonde outkoof bah startch to hctcrdoratc

as stradgs dg Curopcs sovcrcdlg hc`t agh jdgagedak narfcts dgercasch agh startch to spdkk ovcr

dgto lkoàk narfcts. Xbc curo arca gow jaecs tbc prospcet oj skdppdgl dgto rcecssdog, wdtb nostjorceasts proicetdgl a jakk dg curo arca output dg tbc jourtb quartcr.

Nohcratc Lrowtb dg tbc Jdrst Bakj oj 0=11

Nost oj tbc ahvagech ceogondcs (ACs)

eogtdguch to rceovcr dg carky 0=11, aktboulblcgcrakky at a skowcr-tbag-optdnak paec. @y

ndh-ycar, anogl L-< ceogondcs ogky Eagaha

bah novch jron tbc rceovcry to cxpagsdogary

stalc (output aòvc prc-erdsds kcvcks), as s

dg tbc lrapb to tbc rdlbt. Xbc Iapagcscceogony, wbdeb bah jaktcrch dg katc 0=1=, was

scvcrcky ajjcetch `y tbc Nareb 0=11cartbquafc agh tsugand. Xbc hdsastcr akso

hdsruptch lkoàk suppky ebadgs, rcsuktdgl dg a

hral og lrowtb dg nagy ceogondcs dg ndh-0=11.

bowg

Xbc skow paec oj lrowtb dg nost ACs basbdghcrch tbc rceovcry oj kaòr narfcts.

Anogl tbc L-


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Lkoàk Ceogonde Lrowtb Hctcrdoratcs dg Uceogh Bakj oj 0=11

@y katc sunncr, strogl bcahwdghs wcrc

ùjjctdgl tbc lkoàk ceogony. Ceogonde agh

jdgagedak strcsscs dg tbc curo arca sprcah tosonc oj dts karlcst ceogondcs. Uovcrcdlg ògh

ydckhs rosc sbarpky dg nagy eougtrdcs. Nagy

Curopcag jdgagedak dgstdtutdogs jaechhdjjdeuktdcs radsdgl kogl-tcrn jdgagedgl dg tbc

narfct.

Xbc assoedatch rdsc dg rdsf avcrsdog rcsuktch dg a

skowhowg dg eapdtak jkows to cncrldgl na

agh howgwarh prcssurcs og CNCs agh otbcr

gog-sajc-bavcg eurrcgedcs. Xbds eag `c sccg dg

tbc novcncgts dg cjjcetdvc cxebaglc ratcs, assbowg dg tbc lrapbs to tbc rdlbt. Akk tbc

eurrcgedcs tbat bah apprcedatch og a goncjjcetdvc àsds dg tbc jdrst bakj oj tbc ycar

hcprcedatch hurdgl tbc sceogh bakj. Xbc Uwdss

jrage, wbdeb ds typdeakky a sajc-bavcg eurrcgeagh was ughcr strogl upwarh prcssurc,

hcprcedatch as a rcsukt oj tbc aetdogs `y tbc

Uwdss Gatdogak @agf to kdndt tbc eurrcgeupwarh novcncgt aladgst tbc curo, as hdseussch katcr dg tbds Pcport.

rfcts

dgak

y

ys

apdh

@y tbc jdgak nogtbs oj tbc ycar, tbc lkoàk

lrowtb outkoof bah hctcrdoratch sdlgdjdeagtky.

Xbds rcjkcetch tbc sdlgdjdeagt stradgs dg Curopcs

jdgagedak narfcts, tbc dgercasc dg sovcrcdlgydckhs dg sonc eougtrdcs, hckcvcraldgl, agh r

skowdgl oj lrowtb wbdeb wcdlbch jurtbcr og

jdseak jdgagecs dg tbc ajjcetch ceogondcs. @ykatc dg tbc ycar, nagy prdvatc agh pu`kde scetor

jorceasts wcrc proicetdgl rcecssdogary

eoghdtdogs dg tbc curo arca hurdgl katc 0=11 aghdgto 0=10. ]roicetdogs jor lrowtb dg nost otbcr

ceogondcs wcrc akso kowcrch. Norcovcr, dg gcarky akk eougtrdcs, lrowtb dg 0=10 ds proicetch to

`c kowcr tbag dg 0=11, as sbowg dg tbc Govcn`cr 0=11 OCEH proicetdogs. Eogscgsus Jorceastsdg carky Hcecn`cr proicetch iust 0.< pcrecgt lkoàk lrowtb dg 0=10, howg jron 5.0 pcrecgt

proicetch dg Ucptcn`cr.

Sgecrtadgty surroughdgl 0=10 lrowtb prospcets akso bas rdscg. \dtbout pronpt pokdey aetdogs,tbc eon`dgatdog oj wcaf erchdt lrowtb, skunpdgl prdvatc scetor eogjdhcgec, agh pu`kde scetor

cxpcghdturc rchuetdogs saps lrowtb agh bas tbc potcgtdak to ercatc a howgwarh, sckj-rcdgjoredgl

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spdrak rcsuktdgl dg a rcturg to a `roahcr rcecssdog ajjcetdgl norc ceogondcs. Og tbc upsdhc,

hcedsdvc, eonprcbcgsdvc pokdey aetdogs to warh ojj eogtaldog agh rcstorc eogjdhcgec woukh kdndttbc howgsdhc rdsfs dg Curopc agh bckp to sceurc tbc lkoàk rceovcry.

Kdndtch ]rolrcss Xowarh Lkoàk Pcàkagedgl

At tbc ]dttsùrlb Uunndt dg 0==4,

Kcahcrs oj tbc L-0= kaugebch a

Jrancworf jor Utrogl, Uustadga`kc, agh@akagech Lrowtb. Xbc loak oj tbc

Jrancworf was to bckp cgsurc a `cttcr

àkagech lkoàk ceogony tbat was kcssprogc to erdsds. Xwo ycars katcr, tbcrc

bas `ccg sonc rcàkagedgl ùt nost oj

tbds appcars to `c eyekdeak.

As sbowg dg tbc ebart, nueb oj tbchcekdgc dg cxtcrgak dnàkagecs bas

rcsuktch jron tbc garrowdgl oj tbc S.U. eurrcgt aeeougt hcjdedt sdgec 0==:. Ebdgas eurrcgtaeeougt surpkus akso bas jakkcg dg tbc past eoupkc oj ycars, ùt dnàkagecs arc cxpcetch to rdsc

ovcr tbc nchdun-tcrn dg tbc a`scgec oj strueturak ebaglcs.

Otbcr dghdeators akso podgt to kdndtch rcàkagedgl. Pcecgtky, tbc DNJ bas `ccg pu`kdsbdgl

cstdnatcs oj rcak cjjcetdvc cxebaglc ratc ndsakdlgncgt jor sonc eurrcgedcs as part oj tbc

eougtrys agguak Artdekc DZ eogsuktatdog. Xbcsc cstdnatcs arc lcgcrakky asch og tbcnctbohokoly hcvckopch `y tbc DNJs

Eogsuktatdvc Lroup og Cxebaglc P(ELCP), wbdeb uscs tbrcc nohcks

agakyzc tbc hclrcc to wbdeb tbc rcak

cjjcetdvc cxebaglc ratc hcvdatcs

dts nchdun-tcrn jughancgtaks.tbrcc nohcks arc9 tbc Naeroceogonde

@akagec Nohck, tbc Cqudkd`rdun Pcak

Cjjcetdvc Cxebaglc Patc Nohcktbc Cxtcrgak Uta`dkdty Nohck.

atcsto

jron

Xbc

, agh

bc ta`kc to tbc rdlbt prcscgts tbc

bc

Xcstdnatcs, wbcrc avadka`kc, jor tbc

eurrcgedcs eovcrch dg tbds Pcport. X

rcak cjjcetdvc cxebaglc ratcs oj tbc@razdkdag rcakagh S.U. hokkar wcrc

cstdnatch as ovcrvakuch. Go ovcrakk

cstdnatc was provdhch jor tbc Eagahdag hokkar, ùt àsch og tbc tbrcc nohcks dt was ekosc to

nchdun-tcrn jughancgtaks. Xbc rcak cjjcetdvc vakuc oj tbc curo, tbc ycg, tbc Ncxdeag pcso, tbcUwdss jrage, agh tbc pough stcrkdgl wcrc iuhlch to `c dg kdgc wdtb nchdun-tcrn jughancgtaks.

Xbc Forcag wog agh tbc Ebdgcsc rcgndg`d wcrc ughcrvakuch.

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13/33

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Agotbcr jaetor podgtdgl to tbc ughcrvakuatdogoj fcy cncrldgl narfct eurrcgedcs agh tbckaef oj rcàkagedgl bas `ccg tbc eogtdguchrapdh aeeunukatdog oj jorcdlg eurrcgeyrcscrvcs. Xbc ta`kc to tbc rdlbt sbows tbchokkar vakuc oj jorcdlg eurrcgey rcscrvcs bckh`y tbc ceogondcs eovcrch dg tbds rcport aghtbc nogtbky ahhdtdog to rcscrvcs dg tbc prc-apost-erdsds pcrdohs. Dg akk ceogondcs, tbcnogtbky ahhdtdog to rcscrvcs bas rdscg. Xbcdgercasc ds dgjkucgech `y vakuatdog ladgs agh

kosscs, as wckk as partky tbc rcsukt oj passdvcaeeunukatdog, jron tbc dgtcrcst rcturg ogrcscrvc bokhdgls. Jor cxanpkc, tbc SgdtchUtatcs ahhch norc rcscrvcs caeb nogtb`ctwccg Jc`ruary 0==4 agh Iuky 0=11 tbag dgtbc prc-erdsds pcrdoh, yct bas got dgtcrvcgch to purebasc jorcdlg eurrcgey. Dg nost eascs,bowcvcr, tbc aeeunukatdog ovcrwbckndglky rcjkcets dgtcrvcgtdog dg jorcdlg cxebaglc narfctsagh dg sonc eascs ag aetdvc dgtcrvcgtdog pokdey.

Jorcdlg

Eurrcgey

Pcscrvc

AeeunukatdogNogtbkydgercasc,

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Pcscrvcs

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Iag0==3to

Hce0==

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