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A Report on APPLICATION OF MOBILE PHONES BY STUDENTS OF NITK

Submitted to Submitted by

Prof. A. H. Sequeira Ragvendra Kumar

12HM29

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Table of Contents.........................................................................................................................

Acknowledgement........................................................................................................................

Introduction..................................................................................................................................

Literature Review...........................................................................................................

Project Design...........................................................................................................................

Results......................................................................................................................................

Discussion and Recommendations....................................................................................

Study Limitations and Areas for Further Research....................................................................

Conclusion.........................................................................................………………………

References.................................................................................................................................

Appendix A (Sample Survey)...................................................................................................

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INTRODUCTION

The development of mobile communication has been a long journey of innovation which is

constantly evolving and updating as a result of consumers changing needs and preferences.

Mobile phone is one of the most important services which provided. It is very much essential

for the growth and development of any industry and people. Indian mobile industry growth

rate substantially increases day by day. The boom comes in growth of the mobile

communication industry is in the year 2006-07. This growth rate is increasing day by day

because these days every person need to be get connected and get updated by the situations

that’s why growth of mobile sector is increasing consistently.

The widespread utilization of mobile phones in communication and information transfer

leads in improvement in mobile phone technology. To meet user’s information needs,

innovative features and applications are continuously being added to mobile phones to make

them perform many more new functions.

Mobile is becoming and will be going to continue to become the dominant means of

communication because it is very easy to access and it is very much portable and if we

compare it with the landline it is very much cheap because for mobile services we have to

established the different network towers which is not costly as compare to landline because

for this we have to deploy the copper landline cables which is much most costly as compare

to establishment of the network towers, and although mobile provides the flexibility and

portability but landline can’t.

Now these days generally public opted for mobile phone services and these services are very

much cheap these days. In our study we generally conduct our research on the limited area

that is NITK (Campus). In this we are going to conduct the survey though the research tool

which is questionnaire with the help of this survey is able to get results.

In this result we are going to analyze the application of mobile phone by the students of

NITK. The research is not being generalized easily but is able to understand the inferences

the sample area is very much narrow because we are conducting survey at the NITK.

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With the help of this survey are going to be aware about the mobile phone application. As

these days the present generation is very much lean towards the gadgets.

With the help of this survey we are to know about the classroom environment effected by the

mobile phone, and with the help of this we are able to come to some extent that how much

mobile is important for the communicating and how does it contribute in their studies.

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LITERATURE REVIEW, CITATIONS

Mobile phone may be placed as mutual communication medium for all population. Mobile

phone technology is very fast growing and it is getting enhanced day by day. Mobile phone is

rapidly evolving and reaching to apex position in the communication technology it is a

medium to connect people.

From marketing perspective, consumer choice behaviour can be studied through the classical

five-step (need–information search–evaluation of alternatives–purchase–post-purchase

evaluation) problem solving paradigm or through the progression of consumer choice from a

product class to brand choice (Dorsch, Grove, and Darden, 2000).

In the study it is mentioned that how people use people use mobile for communication

purpose, in India people use much more mobile phone for the communication purposes. They

use their mobile phone for text messaging very much in India. But this is saddest part that

people of India unaware of the usage of the mobile phone because they use mobile phone

while driving this causes accidents. Students use their mobile phone in the classroom which

may distract the environment of the classroom.

If we consider the evolution of the mobile phone, social communication has increased in

recent years very rapidly. If we see now a day’s every person is having mobile phone with the

help of this they are in touch with people and they can they their work very easily these days

mobile is a necessity for everyone.

There are two types of groups which use the mobile phone is “safety” users and another one

is “sophisticated” users. The safety users kept their mobile phones for emergencies, while the

sophisticated users use their mobile phones to be in touch with the people or they want to be

more social active and they need to be in advancement of the technology.

The study also derived that the younger generation had more social communication and they

want to use the technology advancement. This shows that the technology has become main

stream for the next generation of media users.

The research is also done in the medical field like “Nomophobia” its literary meaning is no

mobile phobia that is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact. Like a person is in an

area of no network, has run out of balance or discharge of the battery, the person get anxious,

this thing may adversely affect the concentration of the person.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Title - Study on application of mobile phones by students of NITK.

2.1 Title of the study

A study on the application of mobile phone by students of NITK, Surathkal.

2.2 Statement of the problem

The main aim of the report is to conduct an analysis on application of mobile phone at NITK

campus and to reveal the results with regard to assess the information on how the use the

mobile phone.

2.3 Research Questions

RQ1. What are the various features considered by the students when looking for a new

mobile phone?

RQ2. What are the various effects of mobile phones on students of NITK?

RQ3. What are the different purposes of using mobile phones by students of NITK?

2.4 Research Objective

RO1. To identify the various features considered by the students when looking for a new

mobile phone.

RO2. To determine the various effects of mobile phones on students of NITK.

RO3. To analyze the different purposes of using mobile phones by students of NITK.

2.5 Scope of the study

The report is mainly concentrated towards the NITK campus and all the information are

collected from the students of NITK.

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3.1 Research Methodology

Research is systematic and logical study of an issue or a problem to arrive at accurate results,

research the job of collecting, recording and analyzing relevant data to arrive at decisions.

The present study is systematic, objective and exhaustive search for the studies of the facts

relevant to application of the mobile phone.

It is objective, precise and arrives at conclusion on the basis of certain evidences

Research Design: - Descriptive Study

Descriptive approach to seek new insights and assess the application of mobile phone

in a new light at NITK. The approach is from specific to generalization.

Reasoning: - Inductive

We are using inductive reasoning because inquiry is specific to general. Conclusion

will be drawn from one or more facts or evidence which is a hypothesis.

Technique: - Quantitative

We use Quantitative Descriptive strategy for study of responses regarding use of

mobile phone by students.

Quantitative research generates numerical data or data that can be converted into

numbers.

Method: - Survey method

Survey method is used in the study for data collection through questionnaires.

Findings to be presented using Descriptive Data Analysis.

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Sampling design

Sampling Technique: - Non Probability Convenience Sampling

Sampling is systematic approach of selecting a few elements ( a sample) from entire

collection unit( a population) in order to make some reference about the total

population. It is a small segment of the whole population, representing its general

qualities as far as possible.

In non- probability sampling, the chance of any particular unit in the population being

selected is unknown, since the randomness is not involved in the selection process.

The three most frequently used non-probability design are judgement, convenience

and quota sampling.

Instrument technique: - Questionnaire

Data was collected with the help of using questionnaire. A questionnaire, which is

also familiar as an interview schedule with a format containing a list of questions

sequentially ordered to obtain information relevant to the objective of the study.

We will conduct survey with the help of questionnaire which is constructed from the

Investigative Questions which will be around 14 Questions.

The questionnaires for research include a combination of the following kind:

a. closed- ended

b. direct- question

c. multiple choice

Universe: - Finite

Population: - Students of NITK

Target Population: - Students from under graduation, post graduation and research scholars.

Sample: - A convenient sample will be drawn from sampling frame containing students of

NITK.

Sample Element: - Student of NITK

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Population size-5400

Sample size- 190

3.2 Calculation of sample size

Confidence level= 95%

Significance level= 5%

Confidence interval= 7.08

The calculated sample size is 190

Sample size = Z2*p*(1-p)/e2

Where, Z= standard error (1.96 for 95% confidence level)

p= worst case proportion (0.5)

e= confidence interval taken in decimal

Sample size for finite population = sample size / 1+ (sample size – 1/P)

Where P = population

Reference of calculation of sample size:

www.easycaculation.com

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Hypothesis

Hypothesis-1

H0 (null hypothesis): There is a significant relationship between gender and period for which

they change mobile phone.

H1 (alternate hypothesis): There is no significant relationship between gender and period for

which they change mobile phone.

Hypothesis-2

H0 (null hypothesis): There is significant relationship between academic programme with

making online transactions through mobile phone.

H1 (alternate hypothesis): There is no significant relationship between academic programme

with making online transactions through mobile phone.

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DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Statistical Information

a. Gender:

Male Female

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that out of 190 respondents 69 were female and 121 were male.b. Age Group:

15-20 years 20-25 years

25-30 years 30-above

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that out of 190 respondents 44 were of age group 15-20,81 were aged between 20-25, 57 between 25-30 and the rest of the 8 respondents were above 30 years of age.

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c. Programme: Under Graduate Post Graduate

Research Scholar

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that out of 190 respondents 14 were research scholars , 82 were doing UG program and 94 were doing PG program.

1. Do you use mobile phone specifically for the purpose of communication?

Yes No

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INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be analyzed that out of 190 respondents 144 were using mobile majorly for communication while 46 are not .So it can be interpreted that NITK students use mobile phone majorly for communication purpose

2. Rate your level of satisfaction for mobile phone as the tool for entertainment?

Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral

Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be analyzed that out of 190 respondents 25 are highly satisfied, 140 are satisfied while 24 are neutral, only 1 is dissatisfied and no one is highly dissatisfied. So it can be analyzed that NITK students are satisfied with mobile phone as a tool for entertainment.

3. Which operating system do you prefer for your mobile phone?

Android Windows Symbian BlackBerry Others

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INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that 54% prefer Android OS,11.5% prefer Windows,11.5% prefer Symbian, 7.3% prefer Blackberry and the rest prefer other operating systems.

4. Which mobile phone brand do you prefer?

Nokia Samsung BlackBerry

Sony Ericsson Others_______________

INTERPRETATION: Analysis reveals that out of 190 respondents 72 prefer Nokia and 78 prefer Samsung, 14 prefer BlackBerry, 12 prefer Sony Ericson, rest prefer other brands. So it can be interpreted that Students of NITK prefer mostly either Nokia or Samsung.

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5. How often do you change your mobile phone?

Less than 1 year 1-2 years

Above 2 years

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be analyzed that out of 190 respondents 68 change mobile phone in less than one year, 74 change mobile phone in between 1-2 years and the rest change mobile phone after 2 years.

6. What is the price range you look for while purchasing a mobile phone?

Less than Rs. 5,000 Rs. 5,000- 10,000

Rs. 10,000- 20,000 Rs. 20,000- above

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INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted NITK students look for a price range 5000-20000 while purchasing a mobile phone.

7. Do you relate mobile phone with status symbol?

Yes No

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be analyzed that out of 190 respondents 109 consider mobile phone as status symbol and 81 doesn’t feel it as a status symbol .So Students of NITK are almost neutral in this case.

8. Which of the service providers do you use?

Idea Airtel Vodafone

Docomo Others

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INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that NITK students use Docomo and Airtel the most when compared to rest of all other service providers.9. What do you use your mobile phone for?

Voice calls Messaging

Internet Others

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be analyzed that out of 190 respondents 80 use mobile phone for voice calls, 62 use it for messaging, 42 for internet and the rest for other purposes.10. Does your mobile phone deviate you from studies?

Yes No

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that NITK students feel that mobile phone deviates them from studies.

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11. “Mobile phone distracts classroom environment”Strongly agree Agree Neutral

Disagree Strongly disagree

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that out of 190 respondents 30 strongly agree that mobile phone distracts classroom environment, 72 agree to it while 49 of them are neutral, 21 disagree with it and 18 highly disagrees with it.

12. How satisfied you are with your current mobile phone?

Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral

Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that NITK students are satisfied with their current mobile phones.

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13. Could you imagine your life without a mobile phone?

Yes No

INTERPRETATION: From the data it can be interpreted that Students of NITK cannot imagine life without mobile phone.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

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Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis-1

H0 (null hypothesis): There is a significant relationship between gender and period for which

they change mobile phone.

H1 (alternate hypothesis): There is no significant relationship between gender and period for

which they change mobile phone.

Chi Square analysis on relationship between gender and period for which they change mobile

phone.

Gender

Less than

1 yr 1 - 2 yr above 2 yr Total

Male 43 48 30 121

Female 10 41 18 69

Total 53 89 48 190

Table 1.1

O E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E

43 33.75263158 85.51382271 2.533545348

10 19.24736842 85.51382271 4.442883871

48 56.67894737 75.32412742 1.328961297

41 32.32105263 75.32412742 2.330497347

30 30.56842105 0.323102493 0.010569813

18 17.43157895 0.323102493 0.018535469

190 190 322.3221053 10.66499315

Table 1.2

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Statistical test: Use the one sample X2 to compare the observed distribution to a hypothesized

distribution. The X2 test is used because the responses are classified into nominal categories

and there are sufficient observations.

Significance Level: α=0.05

Calculated Value:

X 2= sum of (O-E)2/E = 10.66

No. of degree of freedom

= (2-1) (3-1)

= 2

Critical test value: Based on the critical value table X2 with 2 d.f., the value obtained is 5.99

for α=0.05

Interpretation: The calculated value (10.66) is greater than the critical value (5.99), so the null

hypothesis is rejected and we conclude that there is no significant relationship between

gender and period for which they change mobile phone.

Hypothesis-2

H0 (null hypothesis): There is significant relationship between academic programme with making online transactions through mobile phone.

H1 (alternate hypothesis): There is no significant relationship between academic programme with making online transactions through mobile phone.

Chi Square analysis on significant relationship between academic programme with making online transactions through mobile phone.

 Yes (O)

No. of interviewees   Percentage

Expected (E)

UG 36 94 49.48 39.584PG 31 82 43.16 34.528

PhD. 13 14 7.36 5.888Total 80 190 100 80

Table 2.1

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O E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E36 39.584 12.84506 0.32450131 34.528 12.44678 0.36048413 5.888 50.58054 8.59044680 80 75.87238 9.275431

Table 2.2

Statistical test: Use the one sample X2 to compare the observed distribution to a hypothesized distribution. The X2 test is used because the responses are classified into nominal categories and there are sufficient observations.

Significance Level: α=0.05

Calculated Value:

X 2= sum of (O-E)2/E = 9.27No. of degree of freedom = (3-1) (2-1) = 2

Critical test value: Based on the critical value table X2 with 2 d.f., the value obtained is 5.99 for α=0.05

Interpretation: The calculated value (9.27) is greater than the critical value (5.99), so the null hypothesis is rejected and we conclude that there is no significant relationship between academic programme with making online transactions through mobile phone.

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SUMMARY AND FINDINGS

1. It has been found that Android operating system is dominating the rest of them because 54% of the students prefer this OS.

2. Docomo and Airtel has a neck to neck competition in NITK .

3. Samsung and Nokia together constitutes the major share of mobile phones used by the students of NITK

LIMITATIONS

1. Sample size is one constraint, since it is 190 we cannot exactly predict the view of the

entire population from the sample size.

2.Time period constraint.

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CONCLUSION

From the research it can be concluded that students of NITK use many applications of mobile phone like the mobile internet, online bank transactions, voice calls.

It also reveals that there is no significant relationship between the gender and period of changing the mobile phone.

One more interesting point is that majority of students are switching to new mobile phones with in 2 years of their usage of existing mobile phone

Students of NITK are much accustomed to mobile phones such that they can’t imagine life without mobile phone.

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REFERENCE

1. Business research methods by Donald R Cooper and Pamela S Schindler.

2. Research Methodology by C.R. Kothari.

3. Gilroy, M. (2004). Invasion of the classroom cell phones. Education Digest, 69, 56-60. Retrieved September 21, 2008, from Academic Search Complete database.

4. Harper, R. (2006, March 30). New addiction: Texting. The Muleskinner. Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://www.themuleskinner.com.

5. Evaluate Mobile Phone Dependence Among Students of a Medical College By Sanjay

Dixit and Harish Shukla.

6. Journal of Euromarketing, Vol. 14(3) 2005, The Haworth Press, Inc.

7. Mobile phone usage patterns amongst university students: A comparative study between

India and USA. Master’s Paper for the M.S. in I.S degree. April, 2006 by Sayan Chakraborty.

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Appendix-A

Question to ask Suggested question type

Scale Additional suggestions

Q1. Do you use mobile phone specifically for the purpose of communication?

Closed ended type nominal The option would be

a)yes

b)no

Q2. Rate your level of satisfaction for mobile phone as the tool for entertainment?

Rate one item on

a scale

Ordinal It includes option

a)highly satisfied

b) satisfied

c)neutral

d) dissatisfied

e)highly dissatisfied

Q3. Do you use mobile phone for making online transactions?

Closed ended type nominal The option would be

a)yes

b)no

Q4. Which operating system do you prefer for your mobile phone?

Single response multiple choice

nominal It includes options like

a)Android

b)Windows

c)Symbian

d)Blackberry

e)others

Q5. Which mobile phone brand do you prefer?

Single response multiple choice

nominal It includes options like

a)Nokia

b)Samsung

c)Sony ericsson

d)Blackberry

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e) Others, specify…………..

Q6. How often do you change your mobile phone?

Single response multiple choice

interval It includes options like

a) less than 1year

b) 1-2 years

c)above 2 years

Q7. What is the price range you look for while purchasing a mobile phone?

Single response multiple choice

interval Include options

a) less than Rs.5000

b)Rs.5000-Rs.10000

c)Rs.10000-Rs.20000

d)more than Rs.20000

Q8.Do you relate mobile phone with status symbol?

Closed ended nominal Option would be

a)yes

b)no

Q9. Which of the service providers do you use?

multiple response multiple choice

nominal It includes options like

a)Idea

b)Airtel

c)Vodafone

d)DOCOMO

e) Others, specify…………..

Q10. What do you use your mobile phone for?

Multiple response multiple choice

nominal Options would be

a)voice calls

b)messaging

c)internet

d)others

Q11. Does your mobile phone deviate you from

Closed ended type nominal The option would be

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studies? a)yes

b)no

Q12. “Mobile phone distracts classroom environment”

Likert scale summated rating

ordinal It includes options

a)strongly agree

b) agree

c)neutral

d) disagree

e)strongly disagree

Q13. How satisfied you are with your current mobile phone?

Likert scale summated rating

ordinal It includes option

a)highly satisfied

b) satisfied

c)neutral

d) dissatisfied

e)highly dissatisfied

Q14. Could you imagine your life without a mobile phone?

Closed- ended type nominal The option would be

a)yes

b)no