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REPORT OF LABORATORY TESTS AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COSTS BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND THE ECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY "EarthZyme" FOR ROAD STABILIZATION BY MULTIENZYME COMPOUNDS

DESTINATION AND EQUIPMENT USED: STREET SELECTED SECTOR "CAUPICHO" METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF QUITO TECHNOLOGY USED: ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURAL PAVEMENT OF LONG LIFE (P.E.E.L.) WITH ECOLOGIC ENZYME "EarthZyme" PREPARED BY: Mr. G. Rodriguez Helberth REVAS & A CYPHER Mr. Heinz Webster Priori EPMMOP-Q Quito, June 6,

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FEATURES OF WORK DONE The following is the data sheet that was used for this work: Executive Company: EPMOPP Stabilizing Agent multienzyme: EarthZyme Caupicho- Comparative conventional structure and EarthZyme structure

Parameters used for the comparative analysis

Concept Unit Conventional Method

EarthZyme Method

Observations/ Comments

Amount Amount

Measurements

Length of the street sector Meters 100 100

Length of the street sector Meters 8 8

Volume

Thickness of upgrade Meters

Thickness of sub-base Meters 0.25 0.2 *

Thickness of Base Meters 0.15

Thickness of the asphalt layer Meters 0.075 0.05 **

Total thickness of the structure Meters 0.475 0.25

Total volume unpaved structure (Thickness×Length×Width)

Cubic meters

320 160 ***

* With the stabilization technology with EarthZyme, the traditional concept conformation (Base/sub-base) is replaced by the concept of a single stabilized conformation structure. The thickness of the structure has been established based on a one-way East Urban Average Daily Traffic Count (Via Secondary) ** The asphalt layer in the structures with the EarthZyme method cease to be of support (structural), resulting in a thinner asphalt layer without compromising structural integrity of the road.

*** The thickness in the EarthZyme method is less but with great capacity to support with respect to the conventional method.

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Analysis of Laboratory Results 1-Characteristics of the material found on the street sector. We did a quick analysis of the material found on the street sector, which is of very poor quality. It is necessary to clarify that with the variety of existing soils on the roads of the Metropolitan District, we will definitely find that the best soils are subject to this analysis:

Tables 1: Material properties and classification Limit Results Liquid limit 26.35 Plastic Limit 20.36 Plastic Index 5.99 Gradation Results % of gravel 15 % % of sand 85 % % of fine sand 85 % Classification Group index 5.2 Classification AASTHO A-4 Additional Properties Optimum moisture content 22.5 Maximum dry density 1.450 C.B.R. 61 blows 19 With immersion Expansion 2.18 % Material was established to be of very poor quality for construction of road structures. To improve the quality of the soil the following mixture is proposed: 50% material of the street sector, 30% gravel, and 20% clay. Before proceeding with the constructive process of a structure with the treated Ecological Enzyme EarthZyme, we will analyze the laboratory results of the improved material that are used in this application. It is necessary to mention the main characteristics of the materials that were used are fully supported in the comparative table at the end of this report.

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2- Improved characteristics of the natural material used.

According to the results of the laboratory tests the material presents characteristics of silty gravel and clay based sand, with high content of fine sands, with some clay. Which classifies the Group as A -2 -4 according to the AASTHO Classification System. A plasticity index of 6.82 classifies the treated material as a material of high sand content. The tests that relate the efforts and deformation in the C.B.R test and its expansion percentage show a material with a characteristic of lower load capacity to that that can be obtained with a common sub-base material, subject to critical conditions of moisture (Table 3). C.B.R test and expansion of the Natural Material (without Enzyme).

SAMPLE OF NATURAL MATERIAL (WITHOUT ENZYME) RELATION FORCED A DEFORMATION DURING THE C.B.R TEST

Tables 2: EarthZyme treated material properties and classification Limit Results Liquid limit 33.7 Plastic Limit 26.88 Plasticity Index 6.82 Gradation Results % of gravel 30 % % of sand 50 % % of clay 20 % Classification Group index 0 Classification AASTHO A-2-4 Additional Properties Optimum moisture 18.50 Maximum Dry Density 1.661 C.B.R. 61 blows 42 With immersion Expansion 0.81 %

Table 3: Testing effort and deformation in the C.B.R. test in the immersion condition (non-treated) Number of blows C.B.R Percentage of expansion

61 60 0.36% 27 31 0.75% 11 11 0.89%

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3- Characteristics of the material used with the application of EarthZyme. Once the materials were assessed in their natural state, the application of the enzyme EarthZyme was conducted to determine technical results, which were achieved with this procedure. Table 6 describes the effort relationship – material deformation in the C.B.R. test for the material with the application of the enzyme EarthZyme shows great benefits in its load-bearing capacity. For 61 blows, it can be seen that the compaction of the enzyme mixture - material achieved profits from the C.B.R test relating to the results obtained without the application of the enzyme. It should also be noted that the expansive capacity and mixing of the material is greatly diminished by the application of the enzyme. C.B.R test for the material with the enzyme application.

Sample of the material used with the application of the enzyme EarthZyme Relation forced a deformation during the C.B.R test

Table 4: Testing effort and deformation in the C.B.R. test in the immersion condition (EarthZyme) Number of blows C.B.R Percentage of expansion

61 65 0.24% 27 36 0.35% 11 20 0.24%

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Comparison of the earnings in the carrying capacity.

Comparison of the earnings in C.B.R submerged by the application of the multienzyme compounds of EarthZyme

The comparisons show the following:

1. The gain in capacity for the use of the enzyme compared to that of natural material is 43 % in the most severe humid conditions.

2. According to the above statement, one could say that the implementation of the enzyme achieves the characteristics of the natural material to a specification of behaviors similar to that of a sub-base.

Comparative decrease in the enzyme’s expansive material ability In comparing loss in expansiveness of the material due to the addition of EarthZyme it was determined to be approximately 170 % (Table 8). This reduction in expansiveness will result in an increase in durability and reduction in susceptibility to water.

Comparison of the earnings in the decrease of the expansive capacity in the material

With the increase of the C.B.R and the properties of the material treated with EarthZyme. The ideal proposal for low-transit roads are an EarthZyme treated sub-base for cushioning and expansive capacity with a rolling surface applied with a Cold Mix Asphalt unit or Slurry. Not all surfaces currently in use in the Metropolitan District and city roads are consistent with each other, therefore, we will also have better quality surfaces on the roads than the trial, for which we will not need borrowed material (as is now the case), which will translate into improved productivity.

Table 5: Comparison between the results with and without the enzyme application Number of

blows With EarthZyme Non-treated Earnings for EathZyme

61 65 60 8.34 % 27 36 31 16.12 % 11 20 11 81.81 %

C.B.R 60 42 43 %

Table 8: Comparison of earning in the decrease of the expansive capacity of material Number of

blows With EarthZyme

(mm) Non-treated

(mm) Earnings EathZyme

61 0.30 0.81 170% 27 0.45 0.97 131% 11 0.30 1.15 283%

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Comparative analysis of costs between conventional technology and technology with the Ecological Enzyme “EarthZyme” for road stabilization by multienzyme compounds. With the results obtained in the laboratory tests, taking into account the poor quality of existing material in the sector of Caupicho and also considering the improvement made in the above ground material with the inclusion of EarthZyme, we have carried out a comparative analysis of costs for materials, transport, machinery and labor, for work that will be done on 100 linear meters with the implementation of the EarthZyme Technology. The results present a net saving of approximately 28 % ($5.645 in US funds). Cost of constructing with conventional road construction method would be $20,190 in US funds and with the EarthZyme method it would be $14.544 in US funds. The summary is as follows:

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Total cost of labor - Caupicho 100 linear meters of test road used with the improvement of the EarthZyme Technology

Concept Conventional Method

EarthZyme Method

Savings with EarthZyme

Material transported $5.600.00 $840.00 $4.760.00

Use of machinery $4.440.00 $1.830.00 $2.610.00

Material $9.880.00 $11.694.60 $(1.814.60)

Labor $270.00 $180.00 $90.00

Total $20.190.00 $14.544.60 $5.645.40

Savings of 27.96 %

The breakdown for each item: transport of material, use of machinery, material and labor, is found in the following comparative tables: 1. Material transported Caupicho- Cost of material transported

Required Material Unit Unit cost Transported m3/Km Transported Upgrade Sub-base M3-Km $0.25 Base M3-Km $0.25 Clay Asphalt Enzyme Total transported material

Conventional Method EarthZyme Method

Amount Total Cost Amount Total Cost 50 $3.500.00 50 $2.100.00 50 $840.00

$5.600.00 $840.00 Savings with EarthZyme $4.760.00 85.00 %

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2. Use of Machinery Caupicho- Cost of machinery

Required Machinery (One front)

Unit Unit Cost

Motor grader Per Hour $45.00 Roller Compactor Per Hour $40.00 Wheel loader Per Hour $35.00 Retro Excavator Per Hour $45.00 Tanker of 8m3 Per Day $150.00 Dump Truck Per Day $180.00 Total use of machinery

Conventional Method EarthZyme Method

Amount Total Cost Amount Total Cost 24 $1.080.00 16 $720.00 24 $960.00 8 $320.00 24 $840.00 8 $280.00 16 $720.00 $ - 2 $300.00 1 $150.00 3 $540.00 2 $360.00

$4.440.00 $1.830.00 Savings with EarthZyme $2.610.00 58.78 % 3. Material Caupicho- Cost of material Required Machinery

Unit

Unit Cost

Upgrade Sub-base M3 $4.00 Granular base M3 $5.00 Clay M3 Road material M3 Asphalt 3” M2 $9.90 Asphalt 2” M2 $8.60 Enzyme Liter $980.00

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Total material cost Conventional Method EarthZyme Method

Amount Total Cost Amount Total Cost $ - $ -

280 $1.120.00 $ - 168 $840.00 67.20 $336.00

112.00 $ - 44.80 $ - 800 $7.920.00 800 $6.880.00

4.57 $4.478.60 $9.880.00 $11.694.60 Savings with EarthZyme $(1.814.60) -18.37 % 4. Labor Caupicho- Cost of Labor

Required Machinery (One front)

Unit Unit Cost

Crew Per Day $90.00 (6 people) Topographic Commission Laboratories Resident Total Labor

Conventional Method EarthZyme Method

Amount Total Cost Amount Total Cost 3 $270.00 2 $180.00

$279.00 $180.00 Savings with EarthZyme $90.00 33.33 % Attentively, Ing. Helberth Gonzalez Ing. Heinz Webster Priori REVAS&A – Cypher EPMMOP-Q

Work report – Main road neighborhood “Puertas Del Sol” (Gates Of The Sun) The boot sector – Metropolitan District of Quito

“Subgrade road stabilization by multienzyme compounds”

Comparative analysis of the results between conventional technology

and technology with the ecological enzyme “EarthZyme”

Technology used: Green Long Life Structural Pavement (P.E.E.L.V)

with the ecological enzyme “EarthZyme”

Prepared by:

Ing. Heinz Webster Priori EPMMOP-Q

Ing. Helberth Rodriguez G. REVAS&A – Cypher

Quito, July 2nd, 2012

Characteristics of the actual work

The following is the data sheet that was used for this work: Implementing company: EPMOPP Multienzyme stabilizing agent: EarthZyme Laboratory and testing: Soil and material laboratories EPMOPP Table 1: Road specification

Length Width Thickness 125 m 9 m 0.15 cm Maximum density Optimum moisture Volume 1.890 kg/m3 12.40 % 168.75 m3

Construction using the EarthZyme method was conducted on Saturday, June 23rd, 2012. Table 2: Itemized construction times

Process Start Finish Total time Product application 10:29am 11:29am 1 hour Homogenization 11:35am 12:35am 1 hour Extended 12:45pm 1:21pm 36 minutes Compression 1:30pm 3pm 1.5 hours Total implemented time with the EarthZyme method 10:29am 3pm 4.29 hours

Figure 1 A and B: The condition of the road prior to the application of EarthZyme

According to density tests conducted in the field – ASTM D2922* – ASTM D2950*, the material does not meet our required specifications.

* http://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/HISTORICAL/D2922-01.htm * http://www.astm.org/Standards/D2950.htm

A. B.

Figure 2: Field test results regarding soil properties Translations: Ubicacion = Location Profund. = Depth Densidad de campo = Field density Dens. max. stand. mod. = Maximum dry density Humedad = Moisture content Humedad optima = Optimum moisture content

The existing soil is a filler material with a quantity of organic material and synthetic material (Figure: 3 A, B, C).

Figure 3: A, Breaking up of synthetic mat; B, Close up of synthetic material; C, Ripping/scarifying of soil

B. A. C.

Laboratory Result Analysis

1- Characteristics of the material found on the street section. A quick analysis of the material found on the street sector was conducted. This analysis determined that the material is of very poor construction quality. Tables 3 and 4 display the core values that describe the material of the street sector. Table 3 Table 4 As can be seen, the material to be used according to the laboratory results, present characteristics of silty soil, with high contents of fine sands and with some clay. This classifies the Group as A -4 according to the AASTHO. The plasticity index of 3.33 confirms the classification as a material of high silt contents. On the other hand, the tests that relate the efforts and deformation in the C.B.R test and its expansion percentage, show the material with a characteristic of lower load capacity to that that can be obtained with a common sub-base, subject to optimum conditions of moisture, as can be seen in Table 5, which displays in detail the testing effort and deformation in the C.B.R. test in the immersion condition.

Limit Results Liquid limit 22.80 Plastic limit 19.47 Plastic index 3.33

Gradation Results % of gravel 15 % % of sand 85 % % of fine sand 85 %

Classification Group index 2 Classification AASTHO A-4

Optimum moisture content 12.40 Maximum dry density 1.892 C.B.R. 61 blows 61 with immersion Expansion percentage 0.25

C.B.R. test and expansion to the natural material (without the enzyme - EarthZyme). Table 5: Sample of natural material (without the enzyme) relation forced a deformation during the C.B.R test

Number of blows C.B.R Percentage of swell 61 68 0.25 % 27 55 0.42 % 11 18 0.51 %

2- Characteristics of the material used with the application of EarthZyme. Once the materials were assessed in their natural state, the application of the enzyme EarthZyme was conducted to determine technical results, which were achieved with this procedure. Table 6 describes the effort relationship – material deformation in the C.B.R. test for the material with the application of the enzyme EarthZyme, which shows great benefits in its load-bearing capacity.

C.B.R test for the material with the application of the enzyme. Table 6: Sample of the material used with the application of the enzyme EarthZyme. Relation forced a deformation during the C.B.R test

Number of blows C.B.R Percentage of swell 61 99 0.01% 27 64 0.06% 11 29 0.12%

For the specific case of the analysis of 61 blows, it can be seen that a due process in the compaction of the enzyme mixture - material, achieved profits from the C.B.R test in relation to the results obtained without the application of the enzyme. It can also be appreciated that the expansive capacity and swelling of the material is greatly diminished by the application of the enzyme, given as a result of 98 % impermeable.

Comparison of the benefits in the carrying capacity. Table 7 displays a comparison between the C.B.R test results achieved with and without the application of the enzyme (EarthZyme) on the material.

Table 7: Comparison of the benefits in the C.B.R test submerged by the application of the multienzyme compound - EarthZyme

Number of blows EarthZyme

C.B.R. With EarthZyme C.B.R. Natural

Earnings for EarthZyme

61 99 68 45.58 % 27 64 55 16.36 % 11 29 18 61.11 %

C.B.R 92 61 50.8 % The comparisons display the following: 1 The gain in capacity for the use of the enzyme compared to that of natural material is 50.8 % in the most severe moist conditions. 2 According to the above statement, one could conclude that the application of the enzyme improved the engineering characteristics of the natural material to a specification of behavior similar to that of a common selected sub-base.

Comparative decrease of the extensive capacity of the material with the enzyme Table 6 displays a comparison of the loss of the expansive capacity of the material as a result of the addition of the enzyme EarthZyme.

Table 6: Comparison of the earnings in the decrease of the expansive capacity in the material Number of blows EarthZyme

Expansive Capacity With EarthZyme (mm)

Expansive Capacity Natural (mm)

Earnings for EarthZyme

61 0.01 0.32 220 % 27 0.07 0.55 690 % 11 0.15 0.65 334 %

This demonstrates that the effects of the implementation of the enzyme (EarthZyme), the material loses nearly 170 % of its potential for expansion and therefore increases its durability and the treated soils ability to shed water.

3- Results of the evaluation analyzes of the final structure The final structure was evaluated by assessing the densities at different points.

Density results in the final structure. Table 7: Results of the evaluation of densities in the final structure

Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 92 96 92 93 94 95 96 Average 93.62

Table 7 displays these results that, as mentioned in the advertising folders of the product and in the company’s “Exclusive Representative In Ecuador Of This Product” is offered, density values are achieved above the value of the international standard, which in this case is 90 % or greater for stabilizing of sub-bases as noted in this case. It also defines the following general conclusions: - Large savings are obtained by the cost of the material because it is the same as that found in the street sector. - Large savings are obtained by the cost of the machinery due to the lack of atm. -Large savings are obtained in time; the yield is 225 linear meters per day of structure with a width of 9 meters by a thickness of 0.15 centimeters. -It increases the load-bearing capacity of the structure, without an increase in granular materials -It reduces the ability of rutting. In this case, greater durability of the structure and better resistance to the humidity can be expected. -The densities (over 90 %) were achieved the same day of the application with a single pass over of a “vibro compactador” (vibrating compactor) compressor machine (Leveler). -During the constructive process of stabilization, no generated negative impact was made to the environment, because the product used, EarthZyme, is 100% environmentally safe. The best example is the form of application that the technician does, which is shown in the following supported pictures.

4- Supported pictures Application

Constructive method

5- Supported laboratory results Atterberg limits

Granulometry

Proctor

Water content

Swelling – penetration data

C.B.R 61

Water content

Swelling – penetration data

C.B.R 92

Final conclusion The results of the work of stabilizing sub-bases on the main road of the neighborhood “Puertas Del Sol” (Gates Of The Sun), the boot sector – Metropolitan District of Quito, are very good. The implementation of stabilization with the enzyme EarthZyme was performed by the technician dispatched directly by the manufacturer (Cypher) from Canada, with the assistance of the exclusive representative in Ecuador of the product (REVAS&A) and the management of the team of professionals and machinery of the EPMMOP. It is a technologically reliable procedure and demonstrable, which positions to the Municipality of Quito, as a pioneer in the use of new 100% organic technologies, which are very economical and have excellent results, on the highways of the cities in the country. Compliments to, Quito, July 2nd, 2012

Ing. Heinz Webster EPMMOP-Q Ing. Helberth Rodriguez G. REVAS&A-Cypher