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Report cardOman
1
Contents Page
Obesity prevalence 2
Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1991-2017 4
Trend: % Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1991-2017 6
Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1984-2018 8
Overweight/obesity by age 10
Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group 11
Insufficient physical activity 12
Average daily frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption 18
Estimated per capita fruit intake 19
Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption 20
Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption 21
Average weekly frequency of fast food consumption 22
Estimated per-capita processed meat intake 23
Estimated per capita whole grains intake 24
Mental health - depression disorders 25
Mental health - anxiety disorders 26
Oesophageal cancer 27
Breast cancer 29
Colorectal cancer 30
Pancreatic cancer 32
Gallbladder cancer 34
Kidney cancer 36
Cancer of the uterus 38
Raised blood pressure 39
Raised cholesterol 42
Raised fasting blood glucose 45
Diabetes prevalence 47
Health systems 48
Obesity prevalence
Adults, 2017
Adults Men Women0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 18+
Sample size: 6833
Area covered: National
References: Executive Summary. Oman National Non-Communicable Disease & their Risk Factors Survey 2017
https://mohcsr.gov.om/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Executive-Summary_NCDsurvey2017_En.pdf (last accessed
17.10.19)
Notes: STEPS
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
2
Children, 2015
Children Boys Girls0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 13-17
Sample size: 3468
Area covered: National
References: Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), available at
https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/2015_Oman_GSHS_Fact_Sheet.pdf?ua=1 (last accessed 14.12.20)
Notes: WHO cutoffs.
Cutoffs: WHO
3
% Adults living with obesity, 1991-2017
Men
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
5
10
15
20
25
Obesity
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
4
Women
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Obesity
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
5
% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1991-2017
Men
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
10
20
30
40
50
60
Overweight or obesity
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
6
Women
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Overweight or obesity
Survey type: Measured
References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
7
% Adults living with obesity, 1984-2018
Men
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
5
10
15
20
25
30
Obesity, Egypt Obesity, Lebanon Obesity, Morocco Obesity, Oman
References: For full details of references visit
https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
8
Women
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
10
20
30
40
50
Obesity, Egypt Obesity, Jordan Obesity, Lebanon Obesity, Morocco Obesity, Oman
References: For full details of references visit
https://data.worldobesity.org/
Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please
check with original data sources for methodologies used.
9
Overweight/obesity by age
Women, 2016-2017
Age 15-19 Age 20-24 Age 25-29 Age 30-34 Age 35-39 Age 40-44 Age 45-490
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Sample size: 4159
Area covered: National
References: Oman National Nutrition Survey 2016-2017 http://groundworkhealth.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/ONNS_Report_2017.pdf (Accessed 04.09.20)
Notes: Omani citizens only.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
10
Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group
Women, 2016-2017
Lowest quintile Second Middle Fourth Highest quintile0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Obesity Overweight
%
Survey type: Measured
Age: 15-49
Sample size: 4159
Area covered: National
References: Oman National Nutrition Survey 2016-2017 http://groundworkhealth.org/wp-
content/uploads/2020/04/ONNS_Report_2017.pdf (Accessed 04.09.20)
Notes: Omani citizens only.
Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².
11
Insufficient physical activity
Adults, 2016
Jordan Morocco Tunisia Egypt Oman Iran Pakistan Lebanon Libya Qatar UAE Iraq Saudi Arabia Kuwait0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-
109X(18)30357-7
12
Men, 2016
JordanMorocco
Iran EgyptPakistan
TunisiaOman
LibyaQatar
UAEIraq Lebanon
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-
109X(18)30357-7
13
Women, 2016
Jordan Morocco Lebanon Tunisia Egypt Oman Libya Pakistan Iran Qatar UAE Iraq Saudi Arabia Kuwait0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled
analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-
109X(18)30357-7
14
Children, 2016
BahrainTunisia
UAELebanon
LibyaOman
KuwaitJordan
Iraq DjiboutiYemen
PakistanMorocco
EgyptSyria
Afghanistan
QatarSudan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 11-17
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less
than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
15
Boys, 2016
TunisiaBahrain
LebanonUAE
LibyaOman
KuwaitIraq Djibouti
JordanEgypt
YemenSyria
MoroccoPakistan
QatarAfghanistan
Sudan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 11-17
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less
than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
16
Girls, 2016
UAEBahrain
Afghanistan
LebanonJordan
TunisiaLibya
PakistanDjibouti
YemenOman
KuwaitMorocco
Iraq QatarSudan
SyriaEgypt
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
% in
suffi
cien
t phy
sica
l act
ivity
Survey type: Self-reported
Age: 11-17
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)
Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less
than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.
Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)
17
Average daily frequency of carbonated soft drink consumption
Children, 2009-2015
Pakistan Syria Sudan Afghanistan Egypt Iraq Oman Palestine UAE Morocco Kuwait Lebanon Qatar0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Tim
es p
er d
ay
Survey type: Measured
Age: 12-17
References: Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A
meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard
http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
18
Estimated per capita fruit intake
Adults, 2017
DjiboutiSomalia
Afghanistan
PakistanIraq Yemen
South Sudan
SudanPalestine
SyriaJordan
LibyaKuwait
Saudi Arabia
TunisiaUAE
LebanonEgypt
MoroccoBahrain
Iran QatarOman
0
50
100
150
200
250
g/da
y
Survey type: Measured
Age: 25+
References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions: Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)
19
Prevalence of less than daily fruit consumption
Children, 2008-2015
Tunisia Egypt Lebanon Morocco Oman Palestine Iraq Pakistan Syria Qatar AfghanistanKuwait Sudan Yemen UAE0
10
20
30
40
50
% <
dai
ly c
onsu
mpt
ion
Survey type: Measured
Age: 12-17
References: Global School-based Student Health Surveys. Beal et al (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable,
Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food
and Nutrition Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287. Sourced from Food Systems Dashboard
http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definitions: Prevalence of less-than-daily fruit consumption (% less-than-daily fruit consumption)
20
Prevalence of less than daily vegetable consumption
Children, 2008-2015
Pakistan Morocco Lebanon Tunisia Iraq Egypt Oman Palestine Sudan Kuwait Syria Afghanistan Qatar UAE Yemen0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
% <
dai
ly c
onsu
mpt
ion
Survey type: Measured
Age: 12-17
References: Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A
meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard
http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
Definitions: Prevalence of less-than-daily vegetable consumption (% less-than-daily vegetable consumption)
21
Average weekly frequency of fast food consumption
Children, 2009-2015
Pakistan Syria Sudan Morocco Egypt Oman Palestine Iraq Lebanon Afghanistan UAE Kuwait Qatar0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Tim
es p
er w
eek
Age: 12-17
References: Beal et al. (2019). Global Patterns of Adolescent Fruit, Vegetable, Carbonated Soft Drink, and Fast-food consumption: A
meta-analysis of global school-based student health surveys. Food and Nutrition Bulletin.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572119848287 sourced from Food Systems Dashboard
http://www.foodsystemsdashboard.org/food-system
22
Estimated per-capita processed meat intake
Adults, 2017
Afghanistan
YemenSomalia
Palestine
SudanSyria
JordanLibya
TunisiaMorocco
Iraq LebanonIran South Sudan
Saudi Arabia
DjiboutiEgypt
PakistanOman
BahrainUAE
KuwaitQatar
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
g/da
y
Survey type: Measured
Age: 25+
References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions: Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)
23
Estimated per capita whole grains intake
Adults, 2017
MoroccoLebanon
Afghanistan
Iran YemenJordan
PakistanSudan
SyriaTunisia
LibyaPalestine
BahrainIraq Qatar
UAEDjibouti
Saudi Arabia
KuwaitSomalia
OmanEgypt
South Sudan
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
g/da
y
Survey type: Measured
Age: 25+
References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/
Definitions: Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)
24
Mental health - depression disorders
Adults, 2015
Afghanistan
EgyptSudan
YemenIraq Syria
JordanSomalia
PakistanSouth Sudan
LibyaMorocco
Saudi Arabia
LebanonOman
BahrainIran Tunisia
KuwaitDjibouti
QatarUAE
0
1
2
3
4
5
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and
Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-
NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions: % of population with depression disorders
25
Mental health - anxiety disorders
Adults, 2015
SomaliaSouth Sudan
DjiboutiPakistan
Afghanistan
OmanSudan
UAEYemen
EgyptQatar
BahrainJordan
Saudi Arabia
SyriaIraq Libya
MoroccoIran Kuwait
TunisiaLebanon
0
1
2
3
4
5
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and
Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-
NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Definitions: % of population with anxiety disorders
26
Oesophageal cancer
Men, 2018
LebanonPalestine
Iraq OmanSyria
TunisiaJordan
BahrainQatar
Saudi Arabia
LibyaMorocco
UAEEgypt
KuwaitDjibouti
SudanYemen
PakistanIran Somalia
South Sudan
Afghanistan
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
27
Women, 2018
LibyaPalestine
LebanonSyria
TunisiaIraq Jordan
MoroccoEgypt
Saudi Arabia
BahrainUAE
KuwaitOman
QatarDjibouti
PakistanSudan
Iran South Sudan
YemenAfghanistan
Somalia
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
28
Breast cancer
Women, 2018
LibyaYemen
Saudi Arabia
Afghanistan
Iran TunisiaSouth Sudan
OmanIraq Sudan
DjiboutiSomalia
QatarPakistan
BahrainMorocco
EgyptUAE
KuwaitPalestine
JordanSyria
Lebanon
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, breast, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
29
Colorectal cancer
Men, 2018
PakistanAfghanistan
DjiboutiSudan
EgyptIraq South Sudan
SomaliaYemen
OmanMorocco
KuwaitLibya
TunisiaQatar
BahrainSyria
Iran UAEJordan
Saudi Arabia
LebanonPalestine
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
30
Women, 2018
Afghanistan
PakistanSudan
Iraq DjiboutiEgypt
South Sudan
SomaliaYemen
OmanMorocco
Saudi Arabia
TunisiaIran Bahrain
LibyaUAE
QatarKuwait
SyriaPalestine
JordanLebanon
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
31
Pancreatic cancer
Men, 2018
DjiboutiSudan
PakistanSomalia
Afghanistan
QatarSouth Sudan
UAEYemen
Saudi Arabia
MoroccoIraq Tunisia
KuwaitIran Oman
BahrainSyria
Palestine
LebanonEgypt
JordanLibya
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
32
Women, 2018
PakistanDjibouti
Afghanistan
SudanSaudi Arabia
SomaliaMorocco
TunisiaSouth Sudan
Iraq YemenOman
JordanSyria
Iran EgyptLebanon
BahrainPalestine
LibyaQatar
KuwaitUAE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
33
Gallbladder cancer
Men, 2018
DjiboutiYemen
SudanSouth Sudan
SomaliaAfghanistan
MoroccoIraq Egypt
Iran BahrainSaudi Arabia
PakistanLebanon
LibyaSyria
KuwaitTunisia
Palestine
QatarJordan
OmanUAE
0
1
2
3
4
5
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
34
Women, 2018
YemenDjibouti
EgyptIran Oman
South Sudan
SudanSaudi Arabia
SomaliaBahrain
MoroccoAfghanistan
Iraq KuwaitPalestine
LebanonSyria
TunisiaJordan
QatarPakistan
LibyaUAE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
35
Kidney cancer
Men, 2018
YemenSouth Sudan
DjiboutiSomalia
SudanPakistan
Afghanistan
MoroccoBahrain
OmanQatar
TunisiaIraq Kuwait
EgyptIran Saudi Arabia
UAEJordan
SyriaLibya
Palestine
Lebanon
0
2
4
6
8
10
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000
36
Women, 2018
YemenSouth Sudan
BahrainMorocco
SudanPakistan
Afghanistan
SomaliaDjibouti
EgyptIraq Oman
KuwaitTunisia
LibyaIran Syria
Saudi Arabia
JordanLebanon
Palestine
QatarUAE
0
1
2
3
4
5
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000
37
Cancer of the uterus
Women, 2018
YemenIraq Egypt
Iran Palestine
Saudi Arabia
JordanKuwait
SyriaBahrain
QatarTunisia
LebanonOman
UAEAfghanistan
PakistanSudan
LibyaDjibouti
MoroccoSomalia
South Sudan
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Inci
denc
e pe
r 100
,000
Age: 20+
References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)
Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, cervix uteri, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per
100,000
38
Raised blood pressure
Adults, 2015
Iran LebanonJordan
UAEBahrain
QatarTunisia
Saudi Arabia
KuwaitLibya
SyriaOman
EgyptIraq Morocco
DjiboutiPakistan
Afghanistan
YemenSomalia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% ra
ised
blo
od p
ress
ure
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
39
Men, 2015
Iran UAEBahrain
QatarJordan
LebanonTunisia
Saudi Arabia
EgyptSyria
LibyaKuwait
Iraq OmanMorocco
DjiboutiYemen
Afghanistan
PakistanSomalia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% ra
ised
blo
od p
ress
ure
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
40
Women, 2015
LebanonUAE
JordanIran Bahrain
QatarKuwait
Saudi Arabia
LibyaOman
TunisiaSyria
Iraq EgyptDjibouti
MoroccoPakistan
Afghanistan
YemenSomalia
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% ra
ised
blo
od p
ress
ure
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).
41
Raised cholesterol
Adults, 2008
Afghanistan
SomaliaPakistan
YemenSudan
LibyaDjibouti
MoroccoSaudi Arabia
EgyptSyria
TunisiaIraq Lebanon
JordanOman
BahrainIran Kuwait
QatarUAE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% ra
ised
cho
lest
erol
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
42
Men, 2008
Afghanistan
SomaliaPakistan
YemenSudan
EgyptLibya
MoroccoSaudi Arabia
DjiboutiTunisia
SyriaLebanon
Iraq JordanOman
Iran BahrainKuwait
QatarUAE
0
10
20
30
40
50
% ra
ised
cho
lest
erol
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Women, 2008
Afghanistan
SomaliaPakistan
SudanYemen
DjiboutiLibya
MoroccoSaudi Arabia
SyriaTunisia
Iraq EgyptLebanon
JordanOman
BahrainKuwait
QatarIran UAE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
% ra
ised
cho
lest
erol
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885
Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).
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Raised fasting blood glucose
Men, 2014
SomaliaDjibouti
SudanYemen
BahrainPakistan
Afghanistan
LebanonOman
Iran TunisiaMorocco
SyriaUAE
LibyaSaudi Arabia
JordanIraq Qatar
KuwaitEgypt
0
5
10
15
20
% ra
ised
fast
ing
bloo
d gl
ucos
e
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
45
Women, 2014
SomaliaSudan
DjiboutiIran Afghanistan
BahrainTunisia
PakistanYemen
MoroccoSyria
OmanLebanon
UAELibya
EgyptJordan
Iraq Saudi Arabia
QatarKuwait
0
5
10
15
20
% ra
ised
fast
ing
bloo
d gl
ucos
e
References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,
http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A869?lang=en
Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).
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Diabetes prevalence
Adults, 2019
DjiboutiSomalia
YemenMorocco
TunisiaIraq Afghanistan
Palestine
Iran OmanLibya
South Sudan
LebanonKuwait
JordanSyria
BahrainQatar
Saudi Arabia
UAEEgypt
PakistanSudan
0
5
10
15
20
% d
iabe
tes
prev
alen
ce
Age: 20-79
References: Reproduced with kind permission International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels,Belgium:
2019. Available at: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
Definitions: Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).
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Health systems
Economic classification: High Income
Health systems summary
Oman is considered to have a universal health care system provided for by the Ministry of Health. Omani citizens (and expatriates who work in the public sector) have access to free at point of service care. Most non-Omani citizens have employer-provided health insurance and those that do not tend to pay for subsidised care.
Over recent years, government healthcare spending in Oman has risen dramatically, leading to the introduction of small, nominal fees for some appointments to help reduce demand and improve finances. Currently, out of pocket expenditure is estimated at 11.6% of total health expenditure. It is anticipated that there will eventually be the introduction of a national health insurance programme that will be administered by the Government. Plans for this were outlined in ‘Health Vision 2050’.
Indicators
Where is the country’s government in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a disease’? Defined as disease
Where is the country’s healthcare provider in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a
disease’?
Defined as disease
Is there specialist training available dedicated to the training of health professionals to
prevent, diagnose, treat and manage obesity?
Some progress
Have any taxes or subsidies been put in place to protect/assist/inform the population around
obesity?
Yes
Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity
in urban areas?
Yes
Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity
in rural areas?
Some progress
Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for adults? No
Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for children? No
In practice, how is obesity treatment largely funded? Government
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Perceived barriers to treatment
Poor health literacy & behaviour
Lack of financial investment & funding
for coverage
Failure to recognise or accept all treatment
options
Poor availability of all treatment options
StigmaCultural norm and
traditionsLack of support
Summary of stakeholder feedback
Stakeholders reported that the Ministry of Health is making efforts to address obesity. This includes investment in campaigns, initiatives and community programmes around healthy lifestyles. It was noted however, that there is more work to be done because obesity is still rising. Stakeholders felt that obesity could be better prevented by increasing opportunities for physical activity, increased regulation of unhealthy foods and more cross-sectoral collaboration.
In theory, the whole spectrum of obesity treatment is covered by government funding (for Omani citizens and expatriates working in public sector), apart from some medications. However, stakeholders reported long waiting lists for treatment, particularly in tertiary care at the sole tertiary obesity clinic at the National Diabetes and Endocrine Centre (NDEC). Despite this, it appears people go for government funded treatment unless they can afford to pay out of pocket or they have coverage through private insurance.
Oman has a national screening programme for those over 40 years of age. Stakeholders reported that when someone is screened and found to have a high BMI they are typically referred onto a dietician (and possibly a physician for medication). Other than screening, stakeholders claim that people only enter the system when they have co-morbidities, but even then they are not seen by truly multi-disciplinary teams at primary and secondary care. The sole tertiary centre (NDEC) only accepts referrals for those with a BMI of 40 with comorbidities.
There are reported to be no guidelines in place in Oman for the treatment and management of obesity. There is no widespread obesity training in place, but the NDEC is leading on providing training so that more obesity care can be provided at primary and secondary care level. This includes the training necessary to open 18 obesity clinics with multi-disciplinary teams across Oman and an obesity management fellowship.
Based on interviews/survey returns from 6 stakeholders
Last updated: June 2020
PDF created on July 2, 2021
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