Fraunhofer IGB

RepoWaswas

B

ort stewaste ma

FInDURB EDFN 2

ater manage

For the regintegrated RDeutsche GeUnited NatioRajadamnernBangkok 102

Edited by: Dr.-Ing. MarFraunhofer-INobelstrasse

2014-03-21

management

ional projeesource Ma

esellschaft fuons Buildingn Nok Avenu200, Thailan

ius Mohr nstitute for

e 12, 70569

gement in K

ect: nagement iur Internatio

ue nd

Interfacial EStuttgart, G

nt andKorat/

n Asian citieonale Zusam

Engineering Germany

d orga Thail

es: the urbanmmenarbeit (

and Biotech

anic and

n Nexus (GIZ) GmbH

hnology (IGB

B)

Fraunhofer IGB

Conte

B

ent

List

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

Ref

An

t of abbrev

Basic

Situa

Recomana

Situa

Recomana

ferences

nex: Photo

viations

c data

ation analy

mmendatioagement

ation analy

mmendatioagement

os of visited

sis: wastew

ons regard

sis: organic

ons regard

d sites in K

water mana

ing wastew

c waste ma

ing organic

Korat

agement

water

anagement

c waste

1

2 

3 

3 

8 

t 9 

11 

12 

13 

List of

f abbrevia

A

B

C

C

D

M

P

S

T

T

ations

AS

BOD

CHP

COD

DO

MLSS

PVC

SS

TDS

TKN

Activa

Bioche

Comb

Chem

Dissolv

Mixed

Polyvin

Suspe

Total D

Total K

ated Sludge

emical Oxyg

bined Heat a

ical Oxygen

ved Oxygen

Liquor Susp

nyl Chloride

nded Solids

Dissolved So

Kjeldahl Nitr

gen Demand

and Power P

n Demand

n

pended Soli

e

s

olids

rogen

2

d

Plant

ds

1 Bas

2 Situ

sic data

KtTru2

B

Dos

uation an

Aincogfs

Th

Korat, officiahe northeas

The area of telatively flat

unregistered250,000 inh

Basic data re

During rainy occurs frequscarce and d

nalysis: w

Around 90 %n Korat; addcity. Most hooverflows togravity to theigure 1). Du

sewer system

Table 1 Mohttp://worl

ally called Nastern region the city has t. Korat has people livinabitants.

egarding the

season betwently. Durinraughts lim

wastewate

% of the poditionally somouses have s the sewer se wastewate

ue to the flatm.

nthly data dweather.w

akhon Ratch of Thailandan elevation173,000 re

ng in the cit

e climate in

ween May ang dry seasoit the agricu

er manag

pulation is cme decentraseptic tanks-system. Theer treatment area, nine

for tempewmo.int/08

hasima, is lod, around 25n of 130 – 3gistered inhy, the total

Korat is give

and Octobern (Novembe

ultural produ

gement

connected toalized system- the solids asewers trant facilities inpumping st

rature and89/c00573.

ocated on th50 km north300 m aboveabitants (20population

en in Table 1

r, flooding der until Apriluction.

o the combims exist in thare retainednsport the wn the south-etations are n

rainfall in htm

he Khorat plh-east of Bane sea level a013), but wiis estimated

1.

due to heavyl), water bec

ined sewer he outskirts

d and the wawastewater veast of the c

necessary in

Korat (sou

3

ateau in ngkok. and is th many

d with

y rain comes

system of the

ater via city (see the

urce:

Inwcdafwbwe7

InpTdis3vboabp

Ttw

n the 1990’wastewater wconsecutive distribution oaccording toeeding the

wastewater tby gravity thwaters. The each. The po75,000 m3/d

n 2009, an Apond of all tThese AS pladenitrificatios not remov300 mg MLSvery low (desblowers for aoxygen (DO,another blowbetween 1 aplant.

The treatmehe local staf

while during

Figure 1: M

s, a pond sywith an oveponds are sof the waste

o the responponds, a flotreated. Aftrough the wpumping sta

onds are des.

Activated Shree lines. 9

ants are desion. Excess sluved from theSS/l (sludge isign MLSS: aeration, ea measured o

wer is switchand 3 mg/l. O

nt facilities aff, the flow

g rainy seaso

Map of Kor

ystem has erall area of upposed to ewater to thsible staff. I

ow meter is ter the initiawhole systemation consissigned for a

Sludge (AS90 % of theigned for niudge is pume AS-system in the aerate1500-2000 ch with a caonline in thehed on autoOne blower

are designedduring dry s

on, it increas

rat, locatio

been built fo120,000 m2

be operatedhe three linen the influeinstalled, mel pumping sm until the dsts of 5 pum

retention ti

S) process hae investmenttrogen elim

mped into thregularly. W

ed tanks) thmg/l). Each

apacity of 32e aeration ta

omatically. Tis usually su

d for a flowseason amoses up to 60

n of waste

or the treatm2. Three lined in parallel

es does not wnt after the easuring thestation, the wdischarge in ps with a came of 21 da

as been intet came fromination by ne ponds fro

With arounde concentraAS plant is

2 m3/min. Ifanks) drops his way, theufficient for

of 75,000 munts to 30,0

0,000 m3/d. T

water trea

ment of thees of three , although twork well, pumping st

e quantity owater flows the receivinapacity of 2ays at a flow

egrated in thm the nationanitrification/ om time to td 200-ation of biomequipped w

f the dissolvebelow 1 mg

e DO is alwaaeration in

m3/d. Accor000 to 40,0The data fo

atment faci

4

e

the

tation of the s merely ng 80 l/s w of

he last al level.

ime, but

mass is with four ed g/l, ays kept each AS

ding to 00 m3/d, r the

lities

mvOTis

WwtO(TFinpt

Inmrte

Aowftc

F

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Inflow (m3)

monthly inflovariation dueOctober, theThe average s therefore m

Water qualwastewater temperature

Oxygen DemTotal Kjelda

Figure 3 shownfluent of thplant for thehe year.

n the influenmeasured paesidence timhe basis of t

effect of the

Anyway, eveof the measuwastewater tlowing throhe wastewa

concentratio

Figure 2: M

0

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

January

ow measuree to season e inflow amo

daily inflowmuch lower

ity is measutreatment fa, pH, DO, B

mand), SS (Suhl Nitrogen,ws the resuhe ponds at e year 2013,

nt, the dilutarameters frme in the pothe quantity rainwater w

en the influeured parametreatment pugh the sep

ater is alreadon of BOD an

onthly infl

January

February

March

ed in 2013 a(figure 2). Dounted to a

w, though, or than expec

ured twice aacilities. TheOD (Biochemuspended So, only analyzlts for the p the pumpin table 2 the

ion throughrom Octobeonds, this effy data (figurwould have

ent during deters compa

plants. This iptic tanks bedy degradednd COD stro

ow measu

April

May

after the pumDuring rainy bout twice t

only amountcted and onl

a month at de following pmical Oxygeolids), TDS (zed for certaarameters B

ng station ae average va

h rainwater cr on- in the fect is only vre 2) and thebeen expec

ry season shared to inflos due to theefore enterind biologicallyongly.

red after p

June

July

At

mping statioseason in S

the value ofed to arouny 28 % of t

different siteparameters en Demand)Total Dissolvain samples)BOD, COD, Snd in the efflues of these

can be recogeffluent, duvisible from e climate dated already

hows very low data from

e fact that thng the sewey there, redu

pumping sta

August

September

October

on shows thSeptember af dry season nd 21,000 mthe design f

es along theare measure, COD (Cheved Solids), ), conductivSS, and TKNffluent after e paramete

gnized in thue to the lonNovember o

ata (figure 1)in Septemb

ow concentrm German he wastewaer system. Paucing the

ation in 20

5

October

November

he nd inflow.

m3/d and low.

e ed: mical TKN ity.

N in the the AS rs over

he ng on. On ), the

ber.

rations

ter is art of

013

Table 2

(mg/l)

BOD

COD

SS

TKN

Figure 3: treatmen

2: Average c

Concentratt facilities

concentrat

tions of cerin Korat du

tions in infl

Influent

30.17

54.33

20.21

8.99

rtain paramuring 2013

luent and e

meters in th

effluent in

he influent

2013 (in m

Effluent

14.16

25.42

9.49

1.81

t and efflue

mg/l)

ent of wast

6

tewater

The efflulow as wtreatmemore. Tnot inclunot enois probafrom theTherefoto form it is defi

This algoperatinponds. Astation: flow.

Part of tFrom thMost of coming water is dam up water frthe wateare allowentitled of the p

Figurenear t

uent values well. This is dnt process. he nitrogenude nitrate, ugh organic

able that thee city adminre it is possibiomass annitely used

ae growthng the wasteAnother issumost of the

the treated were, it is pum the water ifrom the cit taken by fathe water le

rom the opeercourses. Dwed to use ato use. For

potentially fe

e 4: Blockedthe pipe

of BOD anddue to the sThe remaini concentratso nitrogen

c load in theere is nitratenistration, thble that thed is thus eliby algae an

and the baewater treatue is the diste water is di

water from mped into ts flowing byty and leadiarmers to irrevel in the p

en trench anDrought is a a certain amfertilization

ertilizing effe

d effluent o

d COD are vstrong degraing organic ion in the ef

n might be ine influent to

in the effluhe TKN conce nitrogen inminated frod water hya

ad odor frotment. Houstribution of scharged int

the third linhe moats iny gravity thrng to Takhoigate their la

pipes to allond from the

big problemmount of the

of their lanect of treate

of pipe com

very low, butadation of osubstance isffluent is alsn the effluen the AS-plan

uent. On thecentrations an the influenom the wateacinths to gr

om the pondses and restthe water into the first l

ne can be dirn the inner crough two uong Mai riveand. The ouw easier accriver is used

m during drye river waterd, farmers u

ed wastewat

ming from

t the eliminaorganic subss probably nso low, althont in form ont to allow f

e other handare already vnt is used byer. Phosphorrow inside th

ds are regaraurants exisnto the threine, the oth

rected into acity, if the wundergrounder. Already futflow is blocess to the wd for irrigatioy season in tr, but often use artificial ter.

wastewate

ation rate oftance previo

not easily bioough the paof nitrate. Asfor denitrificd, based on very low in tplants and

rous is not mhe ponds.

ded as probst in close pre ponds after two lines

a wetland nater level thd pipes into rom the undcked by simwater (see fion on agricuthe region othey use mofertilizer. Th

er treatmen

f the treatmous to the odegradablearameter TKs there is decation procethe analysisthe ponds. algae in the

measured at

blems by theroximity to tter the pumps receive ver

next to the phere drops to

an open trederground p

mple construigure 4). Alsultural land of Korat. Farore than thehey are not

nt, agricult

7

ment is

e any N does

efinitely esses, it data

e ponds all, but

e staff the ping ry little

pond. oo low. ench pipes, ctions to so the next to rmers ey are aware

tural land

Water pCosts fomunicip

3 Rec

The AS process not havethe septdevelopused in neighboorganic nitrate i

Based owithout the wasshould bsettler is

The firstused formaturatconcentagricultuodors anthe wasused as possible

It might storage protectio

Due to trecommsludge hlow, aerused as

Utilizatioofficial wproductbe definThis wocurrently

prices in Koraor wastewatpality owns a

commend

plant visiteddesign allowe any effecttic tanks, thement of theanother wa

ors, and theymatter in thn the water

n rough est pre-treatmetewater coube added tos not necess

t two oxidatr other purption ponds ftrations of pure. As the wny more. Algtewater. Thfertilizer in

e.

be sensiblein the case on strategy

the low conmended. If thhas to be remrobic stabilizfertilizer in

on of the treway. Users ss, and abou

ned and conuld help to y a high am

at are arouner treatmen

and operate

dations re

d made a gows removal on the wase sewer syste surroundiny, they cost y are a breehe ponds, th).

imations, thent in the p

uld be pumpo avoid sandsary as the w

tion ponds inposes. The laor the wate

pathogenic mwater is treagae growth is is technicaagriculture,

e to use the of floods. Tfor the city.

centrations he AS-plant moved reguzation of thiagriculture.

eated wasteshould be inut measures trolled, andimplement mount of wat

nd 0.1 to 0.2nt are not res the sewer

egarding

ood impressiof nitrogen

stewater runtem, and theng land: they

money for ding groundhe denitrifica

he AS plantsond system

ped directly and larger

wastewater d

n all three liast pond, in er treated in microorganisated before will also be

ally feasible a different

area of the his should b

in the wasteis operated

ularly. As lons sludge is p

ewater in agformed aboto reduce th the farmersmeasures foter evaporat

2 €/m3, depcovered by system and

g wastew

on, as the aby nitrificat

nning througe ponds. Thy occupy aremaintenancd for mosquation proces

s could be b. This has tointo the AS-substances does not co

nes could bwhich the Athe AS-plan

sms in the wdischarge in

e very limitedwith the exoperation o

ponds no lobe studied in

ewater influwithout pre

ng as the infprobably the

griculture shoout health rihese risks. As should be

or a more eftes from ope

pending on tfees paid by

d the wastew

water man

aeration seetion/ denitrifgh the plante ponds havea close to tce, they emituitos. Moreoss in the AS

ig enough to be checked-plants. A mfrom enterinntain much

e closed andAS-plants arnts. The storwater, makinnto the pond if the AS-pxisting plantof the AS-pla

onger needen more deta

uent, an anae-treatment fluent concee most econ

ould be regusks for farm

Amounts of obliged to p

fficient use oen surfaces.

the amount y the consumwater treatm

nagemen

med to worfication. Butt, as this is ave a negativthe city centt odors both

over, due to plant does

o treat the wd in detail. If

mechanical png the plantsolids.

d the area ce integratedrage in theseng it better sds, there wiplant eliminas. If the nutrant to achiev

ed as basins il in the con

aerobic procthrough the

entrations ofomic option

ulated and omers and con

water used pay some mof water for

of water usmers. The

ment facilitie

nt

rk quite welt currently italready degrve impact onter that couhering the the degradanot work (if

wastewaterf this is conf

pre-treatments, but a pri

could be filled, should bee ponds redsuited for reill not be anates the nutrients shoulve this aim

for rainwatntext of a flo

cess is currene ponds, secf COD reman. It can the

organized innsumers of t

per farmer money for th

irrigation, a

8

sed.

es.

l and the t does raded in n the ld be

ation of f there is

also firmed, nt unit mary

ed and e used as duces the euse in y bad

trients of d be is also

ter ood

ntly not condary

ain that n be

n an the should e water. as

In the losystem shigh inv

T

Td

S

A seheavcomin a rainwwastdrain

4 Situ

The landsite.existbio-woper

Altolandhas collewastbe caddedumrest,refushow

ong run, theshould be investments. A

The anaerobmethane ha

The organicdigestion toinstead.

Due to the dmaking it m

Most septic polluting th

Septic tanks

eparate sewevy rains. No

mbined systecombined swater shoultewater is trnage system

uation an

municipal sdfill on a mil In 2008, thting waste. waste starterated by a p

ogether, arodfill. The combeen designected separate at the so

collected seped to the di

mped directly, but shouldse-derived fwn in figure

e septic tankntroduced. InAnyway, the

bic processeas a greenho

c content of o produce m

degradationmore difficult

tanks are me groundwa

s often emit

er system wwastewatem. Even thesystem, leadd be transpreated in the

m should be

nalysis: or

olid waste oitary area ar

he landfill haIn April 201ed operationprivate comp

und 400 tonmposition ofned for 80 t/ately, e.g. frurce is runnparately. Sepgesters. Pary. The sortin

d separate dfuel (DRF) ine 6.

ks in front ofn contrast toseptic tank

es degradingouse potent

the wastewmethane that

n of organic t to achieve

most likely noater.

bad odors,

would help tor would ent

e flooding ofing to hugeorted to thee wastewatein line with

rganic wa

of Korat andround 20 kmas been imp2, a waste s

n next to thepany based i

ns of waste f the solid w/d, but is usom food maing since 20

ptage from dt of the mix

ng plant is suifferent frac a cement f

f the houseso the recom

ks have some

g the organiial around 2

water could bt could be u

matter, thedenitrificati

ot tight, so

reducing th

o keep up ther the riversf houses wit

e hygienic pre rivers or reer treatmen a flood pre

aste man

d 28 other mm outside Koroved by seasorting plane landfill. Thin Bangkok

are collectewaste in Korasually not fuarkets. A pro004, but so domestic se

xed waste is upposed to

ctions of wasactory arou

s should be mmended mee major disa

c matter em20 times hig

be used in tsed as sourc

e C/N-ration on in the w

wastewater

he quality of

he wastewas, while this th rainwaterroblems. In etention pont plant. The

evention stra

nagemen

municipalitieorat. Since 1aling the grot and a biog

he plants we(Dee Found

ed each day at is shown lly loaded. 3ogram of thfar only a sm

eptic tanks (egiven to theseparate thste for recycnd 150 km

removed aneasures so f

advantages:

mit methane her than CO

echnical place for renew

of the wastwastewater tr

r seeps into t

f life in the s

ter treatmencannot be pr mixed witha combined

nds in a direcconstructio

ategy.

t

es is collected1999, wasteound and exgas plant forere construcation).

and broughin figure 5.

30 t bio-washe municipalmall part of emptied evee sorting plae bio-wastecling as wellaway. The w

nd a separatfar, this requ

e to the atmoO2.

ants by anaewable energ

tewater decreatment pl

the ground,

surrounding

nt process dprevented inh wastewated system, thect way, whi

on of the rai

d and brouge is dumpedxcavating thr the digesti

cted and are

ht to the siteThe biogas

ste per day ality to separthe bio-was

ery 3-5 yearsant, the reste fraction fro, like plastic

whole proce

9

te sewer uires

osphere-

erobic y

reases, ant.

,

g area.

during n a er occurs e le the nwater

ght to a on that

he ion of

e

e of the plant

are ate the ste can s) is also t is om the c for ess is

The two digeoperis fucovecontoperthe tem

Figu

Figu2013

bio-waste fbuffer tank

esters operatrated in plug

ully mixed anering the dotent and is bration, the bCHP-plant isperature of

ure 6: Schem

ure 5: Comp3)

from the sorks, from wheted in sequeg-flow-modnd intended ome of the dburned in a biogas prods not operatthe sludge

matic draw

position of

rting plant aere the biogence, with ade and is ma

for productdigesters. It tcombined huction has nted regularlyin the diges

wing of was

f municipal

and the sepagas plant is fa volume of ainly intendetion of meththen passes

heat and pownever been ay and the hesters is not in

ste process

solid wast

arately collecfed. The bio2,300 m3 ea

ed for hydrohane. The ba washing

wer plant (Cas high as exeat exchangn operation

sing in Kora

te in Korat

cted bio-wagas plant coach. The firslysis, while tiogas is storprocess to e

CHP). Since txpected, thoer which shyet.

at (source:

(source: Bo

aste are filledonsists of twst digester isthe second red by a PVCeliminate thethe start of ough. There

hould increas

Boonpa an

oonpa and

10

d into wo s digester

C-sheet e H2S-

efore, se the

nd Sharp, 2

Sharp,

2013)

AfteAftesuppsepa

Sincscumsufficannare i

As mFebrsubsAftescrewto th

Regabio-wtherto acapaOn tcan

In Kthe

5 Rec

Conpresdigein tha retincrebio-wbio-wthatgenesepaand

As rshouas mcom

er digestion,erwards, it isposed to be arated wate

ce start-up, tm and fibersiciently. Thenot prevent in the inflow

mentioned bruary 2014, strate shall ber that, the mw press, so he compost

ardless of thwaste is a p

re is still a lonaerobic proacity of the the other haalso only be

orat, an inclimited capa

commend

ncerning thess the materesters in seqhe buffer tantention timeeased to arowaste beforwaste (40 %

t is dumped eration and arate the bioin separatin

ecycling of wuld be desig

materials. Fommon disadv

the sludge s mixed withsold as fert

r is treated

the biogas ps on the slude digesters a

the developw.

by Mr. Somkthe operato

be stored in material shathat only sming process.

hese operatiproblem for t of bio-wasocesses insidlandfill is limand, the bioe operated e

ineration plaacity of the

dations re

operationarial through uence does nk. It is there of around ound 230 tore feeding it% of 400 to

to the landfleachate on

o-waste mong it technic

waste shoulgned as smar the utilizat

vantage: the

is separatedh dry bio-watilizer in agriin an aerate

plant had to dge in the dre only mixe

pment of a s

kiet Kunpuaors are awarthe buffer t

all be pressedmall particles

onal issues the municipste not sepade the landf

mited, so as gas plant ne

efficiently if

ant for munlandfill.

egarding

l problems oa sieve seemnot make mefore recom20 days eac

ons per day.t into the digns per day) fill heavily an the landfillre efficiently

cally in the s

d have prioll as possibletion of bioge energy con

d from the waste and theculture, cur

ed lagoon an

be emptiedigester. In ted with pumscum layer i

k (Dee Founre of this protanks for sod through as enter the d

of the biogapal solid wasarated and tfill, emittinglittle waste eeds a certathere is suff

nicipal solid w

g organic

of the biogams sensible. much sense mmended toch. This meaAs currently

gester, the cin the biogand reducingl. Therefore,y from the oorting plant

rity to energe and only bas in the CH

nversion effi

water and den composterently the und reused fo

d already onhe sorting p

mps positionnside the re

ndation) in aoblem and wme days, so

a sieve with digesters. Th

as plant, theste managemherefore du methane aas possible

ain load to bficient bioga

waste is cur

waste m

as plant, theAnyway, thany more if

o operate theans that the y 50 m3 watcapacity woas plant, decg the negativ, efforts woother waste,t.

getic utilizatbe used for wHP and the iciency for e

ried in sludged on site. Ttilization is t

or the separa

ce, due to aprocess, fibeed outside tactor, espec

an interview working on o that hydrola diameter ohe sieve resi

e small amoument systemmped on thnd leachateshould be d

be operated as produced

rently discus

managem

e approach ohe operation

the hydrolye two digestcapacity of

ter per day auld be still screasing theve effects likuld have to in separatin

ion, the inciwastes that ncineration lectricity pro

ge beds. The composttested. The ation proces

a 1m-thick laers are not sethe digestercially if man

w on the 26th

a solution. Tlysis can takof 1-2 mm bdues shall b

unt of separm. On the onhe landfill. Te. Moreover,disposed of t

efficiently. Td.

ssed as solu

ment

of the operan of the twoysis is alreadters in paral the biogas are added tosufficient to e amount of ke methanebe made tong it at the

ineration placannot be rplant, there

oduction is r

11

t is

ss.

ayer of eparated rs, which y fibers

h of The

ke place. by a

be added

rated ne hand, his leads , the there. The CHP

tion for

ator to o

y done llel with plant is o the treat all waste

o source

ant recycled e is a relatively

low no drecowastprocare athe t

Regasubspaththe It wowithconc

Ref

SharOrgaIGES

BooWasEner

Site discu

Site staff

Mee

(30-40 %). demand for over the enete and utilizcesses are usapplicable htreatment a

arding the ustances shouhogenic bactproducts. If ould be mor

h it. The samcentrations

ferences

rp and Sanganic Waste S Policy Repo

npa and Shaste Managemrgy & the En

visit of wastussions with

visit of landf

eting with M

A big part oheat at the rgy in form

zation of tresually only e

here. A possand utilizatio

utilization ofuld be fed interia and thit is mixed w

re sensible tme accounts

of heavy me

g-Arun 2012Managemenort. Japan, 2

arp 2013: Sment in Naknvironment.

tewater treah local staff

dfill and biog

Mr. Somkiet

of the energsite, a greatof gas wouated biogas

economicallyibility could

on as fuel.

f the digestanto the biogerefore poswith the bioto use the seto the leach

etals.

2: Alice Sharnt in Thailan2012

iriporn Boonkhon Ratcha

Osaka, Japa

atment facil

gas plant: 25

Kunpuak (D

gy can technt deal of theld be better

s as fuel for y feasible inbe to add t

ate as compgas plant. Sees a risk to t

o-waste, theeptage sepahate of the

rp, Janya Sand: Combin

npa, Alice Sasima City, Tan, 2013

ities: 24th an

5th of Februa

Dee Foundat

nically be rece energy is lor suited at ththe waste clarge scale,

the biogas o

ost, it has toeptage is a gthe farmers

e whole digearately and nlandfill, as it

ng-Arun: A ing Food, En

harp: AssessThe Asian Co

nd 25th of Fe

ary 2014, in

tion) on 26th

covered as host. Therefohis site, like ollection tru it has to be

of the nearby

o be checkegood fertilizeusing it and

estate has tonot contamit contains pr

Guide for Snergy, and C

sment for Suonference o

ebruary 201

ncluding disc

h of February

heat- but asore, processegasification

ucks. As these checked ify tapioca pl

ed critically wer, but it cod the consumo be used wnate the biorobably elev

Sustainable UClimate Co-

ustainable Son Sustainab

4, including

cussions wit

y 2014

12

there is es that of

se they

ant for

which ntains mers of ith care. o-waste vated

Urban Benefits.

Solid bility,

g

th local

Annex: Pho

P

P

otos of vis

Photo 1: Lay

Photo 2: Alg

sited site

yout of the w

gae in the po

s in Kora

wastewater

ond next to

at

ponds

the AS-plannt

13

P

P

Photo 3: Tem

Photo 4: Aer

mporarily ae

ration tank o

erated pond

of AS-plant

due to commplaints of bbad odor

14

P

Pa

Photo 5: Sec

Photo 6: Sludat AS-plant

condary sett

dge recycled

lement tank

d from seco

k of AS-plan

ndary settle

t

ment tank into aeration

15

n tank

P

P

Photo 7: Ope

Photo 8: Disc

en trench in

charge of op

n which trea

pen trench

ted wastew

into river Ta

water is disch

khong Mai

harged

16

P

P

Photo 9: Rive

Photo 10: Ur

er Takhong

rban agricul

Mai, people

ture next to

e settling dir

o river Takho

rectly next to

ong Mai

o it

17

Pt

P

Photo 11: Urrench

Photo 12: M

rban agricul

oat in inner

ture next to

r city

o pipe from wastewaterr treatment t

18

to open

P

P

Photo 13: Sc

Photo 14: Se

cheme of th

ealed landfil

e municipal

l

solid wastee disposal faccilities

19

P

P

Photo 15: W

Photo 16: Co

Waste sorting

onveyor belt

g plant

t for manuaal sorting

20

P

P

Photo 17: Se

Photo 18: Bu

eparated wa

uffer tank of

aste

f biogas plant

21

P

P

Photo 19: Se

Photo 20: Pu

econd digest

umps for mix

ter of bioga

xing of seco

s plant

ond digesterr

22

Pd

P

Photo 21: Ovdigester

Photo 22: Dr

verflow of f

ried sludge a

irst to secon

after digesti

nd digester a

ion

and pump fofor mixing of

23

f first

P

P

Photo 23: Tr

Photo 24: Ta

eatment fac

anks for trea

cilities for le

atment of ga

achate of la

as prior to in

ndfill

ncineration

24

P

Photo 25: CHHP plant forr productionn of electricitty and heat from bioga

25

s