Repaso 2013

Definite and indefinite articles

El, la, los, las – the Un / una – a / anUnos / unas – some

Posessive Adjectives

• Mi / mis – my • Tu / tus – your (familiar) • Su / sus – your (formal) , his, her , their • Nuestro (a) nuestros (as) – our

Nouns

• -o masculine • -a feminine • Exceptions: el día, el mapa, la mano, la radio • -sión, ción, dad, tad, tud, umbre are feminine • -ma are masculine • Days of the week, colors, languages, and

cardinal points are masculine.

Practice 1. The dog2. Our house3. Their towel4. An apple5. The key6. My ticket7. The price8. A book9. My shoe10. Our school11. Her laptop12. a telephone card13. My class14. Your breakfast15. Our food

1. The dress 2. The mall 3. A bedroom 4. A gas station 5. My scarf 6. Their ball 7. Our teacher8. An egg9. His name 10. My country 11. His dinner 12. The pencil 13. My e-mail address 14. A slice 15. The bill

Answer key 1. El perro 2. Nuestra casa 3. Su toalla 4. Una manzana 5. La llave 6. Mi boleto / mi billete 7. El precio 8. Un libro 9. Mi zapato 10. Nuestra escuela 11. Su portátil 12. Una tarjeta telefónica13. Mi clase 14. Su / tu desayuno 15. Nuestra comida

1. el vestido2. el centro comercial3. una recámara, habitación, alcoba / un

dormitorio, cuarto de dormir4. una gasolinera5. mi bufanda 6. Su balón 7. Nuestra maestra, profesora / nuestro

maestro, profesor 8. Un huevo 9. Su nombre10. Mi país11. Su cena 12. El lápiz 13. Mi dirección de correo electrónico 14. Una tajada / rebanada15. La cuenta

Making nouns plural

• Ending in a vowel, add s• Ending in consonant add –

es • Ending in z, change z to c

then add - es

Practice 1. The dogs2. Our houses3. Their towels4. some apples 5. The keys 6. My tickets 7. The prices 8. some books9. My shoes 10. Our schools11. Her laptops 12. some telephone cards13. My classes14. Your breakfast15. Our food

1. The dresses 2. The malls 3. five bedrooms 4. Three gas stations 5. My scarves 6. Three eggs 7. Our teachers 8. Your vegetables 9. their names 10. Our countries11. their dinner 12. The pencils 13. My e-mail addresses 14. 13 slices 15. The bills

Answer Key 1. Los perros 2. Nuestras casas3. Sus toallas 4. Unas manzanas 5. Las llaves 6. Mis boletos / mis billetes7. Los precios 8. Unos libros 9. Mis zapatos 10. Nuestras escuelas 11. Sus portátiles12. Unas tarjetas telefónicas 13. Mis clases 14. Tu / su desayuno 15. Nuestra comida

1. Los vestidos 2. Los centros comercials 3. Las alcobas, habitaciones,

recámaras / los cuartos de dormir, dormitorios

4. Tres gasolineras 5. Mis bufandas6. Tres huevos 7. Nuestros maestros, profesores /

nuestras maestras, profesoras 8. Tus / sus vegetales 9. Sus nombres 10. Nuestros países 11. Su cena 12. Los pápices 13. Mis direcciones de correo

electrónico 14. Trece rebanadas, tajadas 15. Las cuentas

Noun and adjective agreement

• Nouns and adjectives must agree in gender and number

• Descriptive adjectives – distinguish between different nouns of the same kind and are placed after the noun they describe.

Red dress- vestido rojo • Adjectives that express the

inherent quality of a noun are placed before the noun

Good book – buen libroBest friend – mejor amigo White snow – la blanca nieve

Demonstrative Adjectives

• este libro (this book)estos libros (these books)esta pluma (this pen)estas plumas (these pens)

• ese libro (that book)esos libros (those books)esa pluma (that pen)esas plumas (those pens)

• aquel libro (that book over there)aquellos libros (those books over there)aquella pluma (that pen over there)aquellas plumas (those pens over there

Practice 1. Their older brother 2. My youngest cousin 3. The clean towels4. These hot drinks 5. Those white boots6. The tall trees 7. Last month 8. A dirty bathroom 9. The handsome waiter 10. That beautiful maid 11. A small horse 12. The black birds13. Sweet bread 14. Hardworking students 15. Lazy children 16. Hot water

1. Cold juice2. Three scrambled eggs 3. The easy homework 4. The difficult essay 5. Many good memories 6. Delicious strawberries 7. Fast internet 8. Tired parents 9. Small kitchen 10. Funny friends 11. Serious president 12. Dirty hands 13. Hot coffee 14. Last year 15. This new skirt 16. Cheap cell phone 17. Sick student

Practice 1. Their older brother 2. My youngest cousin 3. The clean towels4. These hot drinks 5. Those white boots6. The tall trees 7. Last month 8. A dirty bathroom 9. The handsome waiter 10. That beautiful maid 11. A small horse 12. The black birds13. Sweet bread 14. Hardworking students 15. Lazy children 16. Hot water

1. Cold juice2. Three scrambled eggs 3. The easy homework 4. The difficult essay 5. Many good memories 6. Delicious strawberries 7. Fast internet 8. Tired parents 9. Small kitchen 10. Funny friends 11. Serious president 12. Dirty hands 13. Hot coffee 14. Last year 15. This new skirt 16. Cheap cell phone 17. Sick student

To be

SERNOTICE • NATIONALITY • ORIGIN • TIME – DAY AND DATE • IDENTITY • CHARACTERISTIC • EVENT

ESTARPLACE• POSITION • LOCATION • ACTION • CONDITION • EMOTION

1. My parents are here. 2. Our teachers are very

smart and hardworking. 3. We were in the attic. 4. I will be sick this week. 5. The party is at the pool. 6. The students are French. 7. My parents are happy with

me. 8. It was midnight. 9. The international airport is

in Columbus. 10. I am going to the library.

1. His best friend is from Ghana.

2. The pencils are on your desk.

3. We were at the beach for three hours today.

4. It is 2:00 o’clock.

Tener – to have

• posession • Hunger (hambre), thirst

(sed), sleep (sueño)• Age• Tener + que + infinitive

= something that one has to do

• Tener ganas de + infinitive = to feel like doing something

Tener razón – to be right Tener prisa – to be in a hurry Tener celos – to be jealous Tener cuidado – to be careful Tener suerte – to be lucky Tener vergüenza – to be

ashamedTener la culpa – to be guilty Tener derecho – to have the right Tener éxito – to be successful Tener miedo a – to be afraid

Reflexive verbs and pronounsReflexive verbs are those that express anaction where the person who does theaction also receives the action. • I will wash my hands. I will do the action of washing my handsAnd I will also receive the action.

In Spanish when using reflexive verbs youmust use the appropriate reflexive pronouns to demonstrate who is receiving the action.

In Spanish, when using reflexive verbs with parts of the body, the definite articles (el, la, los, las) must be used.

In Spanish, the reflexive pronouns must go infront of the verb when only one verb is used.

Reflexive Pronouns me (myself)te (yourself familiar)se (himself, herself, Yourself formal)nos (ourselves)os (yourselves familiar)se (themselves, yourselves 

formal)

Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns

D.O.P = Subject + verb+ whom / what? I.O.P = Subject + verb + to whom / for whom

DO Pronouns IO Pronouns English Equivalent

me me me

te te you (familiar)

lo, la le him, her, it, you (formal)

nos nos us

os os you-all (familiar)

los, las les them, you-all (formal)

Practice

1. They gave us a free laptop. 2. The maids will clean the

room this afternoon. 3. Our parents were washing

their feet. 4. The children got dressed in

ten minutes. 5. I have already taken a

shower today.

Answer key

1. Ellos nos dieron un portátil gratis.

2. Las mucamas limpiarán el cuarto esta tarde.

3. Nuestros padres se lavaban los pies.

4. Los niños se vistieron en diez minutos.

5. Yo ya me he duchado hoy.

Spanish Subject pronouns

• A subject pronoun is a pronoun that takes the place of a noun in as the subject of a sentence.

Yo – I Nosotros (as) – We

Tú – you (familiar) Vosotros (as) you all (familiar)

él – he Ella – she Usted – You (formal)

Ellos (as) – they Ustedes – you all (formal)

Present Progressive

• A compound tense thatExpresses an action that ishappening as we speak. • It uses the present tense of Estar (am, is, are)and the Present Participle of the main verb(-ing)

ESTAR

Estoy

Estás

está

estamos

estais

están

- ar

- Ando

- Er / - ir

- iendo

Pres. of Estar Pres. Part. of main verb

Present Progressive

Stem changing present participles

• servir: sirviendopedir: pidiendodecir: diciendo

• dormir: durmiendomorir: muriendopoder: pudiendo

Spelling change present participles

• caer: cayendocreer: creyendohuir: huyendoir: yendoinfluir: influyendooír: oyendotraer: trayendoleer: leyendoseguir: siguiendo

Present tense Expresses actions that are done every day.

- ar ending verbs

- o - amos

- as - áis

- a - an

- er ending verbs

- o - emos

- es - éis

- e - en

- ir ending verbs

- o - imos

- es - ís

- e - en

Subject pronouns

Yo – I Nosotros (as) – We

Tú – you (familiar) Vosotros (as) you all (familiar)

él – he Ella – she Usted – You (formal)

Ellos (as) – they Ustedes – you all (formal)

Present tense Stem changing verbs

• Spanish stem changing verbs change in the boot form.

• Meaning that the stem will change in all forms but the Nosotros(as) and Vosotros(as) forms.

Stem changing e – ie 1. Cerrar –to close2. Comenzar – to begin 3. Despertar(se)- to wake up 4. Divertirse –to have fun 5. Empezar – to begin6. Sentir – to feel 7. Mentir – to lie 8. Nevar – to snow 9. Pensar – to think 10. Perder – to lose11. Preferir – to prefer 12. Querer – to want / to desire13. Sentar (se) – to sit

Present tense

Stem changing o – ue 1. Almorzar – to have lunch2. Contar – to count 3. Costar – to cost4. Doler – to hurt5. Dormir – to sleep 6. Encontrar – to find7. Llover – to rain 8. Morder – to bite 9. Morir – to die 10. Mostrar – to show 11. Mover – to move (something)12. Poder – to be able 13. Soñar – to dream 14. Volar – to fly

Stem changing e – i1. Repetir – to repeat2. conseguir- to get 3. Reírse – to laugh 4. Seguir – to follow 5. Servir – to serve6. Vestirse – to get dressed

Present tense

Stem changing u – ue 1. Jugar –to play

Irregular first person 1. Saber – to know (someone,

fact, how to do something) Sé – I know

2. Conocer – to be acquainted with someone or something

3. Conozco – I know

Present tense

-go –go verbs – Irregular first person

1. Salir – to leave / to go out ~ salgo

2. Poner – to put ~ pongo