reorganizing the knowledge in government documents for quick response of emergencies dr. lili rong...
TRANSCRIPT
Reorganizing the Knowledge in Government Documents
for Quick Response of Emergencies
Dr. Lili RONG
Associate Professor
Institute of Systems Engineering
Dalian University of Technology, China
Contents
1. Background
2. Analysis of the emergency knowledge
3. Necessity of reorganizing knowledge
4. Approach to reorganizing knowledge
5. Integration of the reorganized knowledge
6. Implementation of the system
7. Conclusion
1. Background
The emergencies happened become more frequent than before in the rapid developing world.
The 9.11 terror in 2001, the SARS in 2003 and the tsunami in 2004 are the typical emergencies.
Nowadays, the “emergency response” has become a hot topic in many fields.
1. Background (cont’d)
Emergency may take place in any situation at any time, and is difficult to be forecasted by human beings.
Therefore, it is very important to make right decision quickly when we face any unexpected situations.
For controlling the emergency effectively, the decision makers need to know what to do, how to do, who does, where the resource is as soon as possible.
1. Background (cont’d)
The knowledge usually is distributed in many files including laws and bylaws, rules and regulations, emergency plans, technical guides and so on.
Because these files are published by different governmental departments, the knowledge is not organized to be a solution for a certain emergency (problem-driven).
So it is difficult for decision-makers to make quick response when an emergency occurs.
1. Background (cont’d)
To find and use emergency knowledge effectively is the main task for quick responses.
The objective of our research is to find a method for transforming the emergency knowledge from government documents to a solution for a certain emergency.
2. Analysis of the Emergency Knowledge
A general quick response framework is built up after analyzing some emergencies, such as SARS, nuclear radiation, environment pollution, earthquake and so on.
Because the emergency response is problem-driven, the framework is structured by considering all aspects needed for solving the problem.
The general framework of emergency response
EmergencyProblem
CommanderCenter
FunctionalDepartment 1
Task 1
Task n
Task 2
Experts
Resouce
Plans
Object
FunctionalDepartment 2
FunctionalDepartment 1
Task 1
Task n
Task 2
Experts
Resouce
Manpow
er
Plans
Object
Manpow
er
n
The General Framework of Emergency Response
All the emergency problems should be solved by Commander Center and Functional Departments.
When an emergency problem occurs, the relevant departments should execute a series of tasks, using related manpower, plans, experts and material, etc.
Classification of the Emergency Knowledge
According to the general framework, emergency knowledge is classified into four kinds:
Event knowledge• The situation of emergency problem, such as time, place
and grade. Subject knowledge
• The commander center and functional departments related to the emergency response.
Task knowledge• Tasks and the relationships among the tasks.
Object knowledge• The object of salvation in the task of departments.
Classification of the Task Knowledge
The task knowledge is classified into five types:
• Know-what, what about the task
• Know-when, the relationships among the tasks
• Know-who, who executes the task
• Know-how, the approach to the task
• Know-where, the resources of the task, such as experts, equipments, fund, government documents, and where they are.
Emergency Knowledge
Event Knowledge
Subject Knowledge
Object Knowledge
Task Knowledge
Know-what
Know-when
Know-who
Know-how
Know-where
Classification of the Emergency Knowledge (Cont’d)
EmergencyProblem
CommanderCenter
FunctionalDepartments
What happened
What have to do
What the object is
Which departments
Event knowledge
Know-what
Object knowledge
Subject knowledge
What need to do
When to do
Who dose
How to do
Where the resource is
Know-what
Know-when
Know-who
Know-how
Know-where
Knowledge in the Framework
EmergencyProblem
CommanderCenter
FunctionalDepartment 1
Task 1
Task n
Task 2
Experts
Resouce
Plans
Object
FunctionalDepartment 2
FunctionalDepartment 1
Task 1
Task n
Task 2
Experts
Resouce
Manpow
er
Plans
Object
Manpow
er
Knowledge in the FrameworkEvent
KnowledgeSubject
Knowledge
Know-how
Know-where
Know-what
Know-who
Object Knowledge
n
Task Knowledge
Know-when
3. Necessity of Reorganizing Knowledge
The file-documents and the problem-documents
• The file-documents are original government documents carried the emergency knowledge, such as laws and bylaws, emergency plans, rules and regulations, technical guides and so on (not problem-driven).
• The problem-documents are reorganized emergency knowledge from file-documents as a solution for solving an emergency problem (problem-driven).
List of Some File-Documents about SARS
Type File Name
Laws andbylaws
“China Infectious Disease Prevention Law”“China Common Health Emergency Reactivity Bylaw”“SARS Management Method”
EmergencyPlans
“China Common Health Emergency Reactivity Plan”“Liaoning Province SARS Emergency Reactivity Plan”“SARS Treatment Plan”
Rules andRegulations
“SARS Clinic Criterion”“SARS Treatment Rule”“SARS Patient Management Rules”“SARS Epidemic Situation Exploration Plan ”“SARS medical protection Guide”“SARS health education rule”“SARS laboratory Safe operation guide”“countryside SARS Prevention Rule”“vehicle SARS Prevention Rule”
Response Using File-Documents…
Functional Departments
File-Documents
Emergency
The knowledge related to the
Laws BylawsRulesGuides…
Problem A
Commander Center
Solving
Delayed
Response Using Problem-Documents…
Functional Departments
Problem-Documents
Emergency
The knowledge related to the
Problem A
A
Commander Center
Solutions ABC...
Solving
Quickly
Response Using File-Documents…
when a certain emergency problem A occurs, the decision-makers need the emergency knowledge about problem A.
The knowledge maybe exist in one or more file- documents.
The decision-makers have to extract and integrate the knowledge distributed in the file-documents onsite.
It will delay the procedure of emergency response.
Sometimes the emergency problem will not be solved effectively if the decision-makers can not find the knowledge in file-documents in time.
Response Using Problem Documents…
The problem-documents are the carrier of the organized knowledge based-on problems.
when a certain emergency problem A occurs, the decision-makers will find the problem-document A directly from the problem-documents.
In the problem-document A, the knowledge is related to problem A beforehand, and can be found directly.
It will speed up the procedure of decision-making .
4. Approach to Reorganizing the Knowledge
We focus on
• how to form the problem-document A
• how to find the document A when the emergency problem A takes place.
We propose a method of reorganizing the knowledge in file-documents.
It consists of five steps.
Step1: Classify the subjects
The subjects related to the emergency response are classified into two types:
Commander center and functional department.
Step 2: Clarify the function of the Subjects
When an emergency problem occurs, the commander center will select the relevant functional department and assign relevant objects and tasks to them.
The functional departments will manage the relevant manpower, plans and other resources.
Step3: Determine the Knowledge Requirement of the Subjects
According to its function, the commander center needs the knowledge about: • event, know-what, subject and object.
According to its function, the functional departments need five types of knowledge:• know-what, know-when, know-who, know-how an
d know-where.
Step4: Create the relationships between the problem and the
knowledge Emergency
Problem
CommanderCenter
FunctionalDepartments
Know-where
Know-how
Know-when
Know-who
Task Knowledge
Object Knowledge
Subject Knowledge
Event Knowledge
Know-what
EmergencyProblem
CommanderCenter
FunctionalDepartments
Know-where
Know-how
Know-when
Know-who
Task Knowledge
Object Knowledge
Subject Knowledge
Event Knowledge
Know-what
Problem-Documentsfor Commander Center
Problem-Documentsfor FunctionalDepartments
Step 5: Identify the Knowledge Flow for the Emergency Problem
EmergencyProblem
CommanderCenter
FunctionalDepartments
Know-where
Know-how
Know-when
Know-who
Task Object Knowledge
Subject Knowledge
Event Knowledge
Know-what
5. Integration of the reorganized knowledge
The knowledge in the problem-documents can be expressed by either texts or graphs.
For emergency response, the knowledge should be extracted rapidly when situations happened.
As a systemic knowledge navigating tool, knowledge map (KM) uses the graph to express the knowledge that is usually carried by texts.
Knowledge map can provide people more comprehensive knowledge.
Using Three-Dimensional Knowledge Map
Knowledge map is very suitable to express the reorganized knowledge.
For dealing with the complex knowledge system mentioned previously, a traditional two-dimensional KM is not enough.
We therefore propose a three-dimensional knowledge map for emergency responses.
According to the different knowledge between the commander center and the functional departments, we build two types of knowledge map for them based-on the problem-documents.
The Structure of Knowledge Map for Commander Center
Eventknowledge
Subjectknowledge
1:nKnowwhat
1:1Object
knoledge
Energencyproblem Function
department1
task2object
object
object
object
Functiondepartment2
1:n
task1
task1
task2
wledge
The Structure of Knowledge Map for Functional Departments
6. Implementation of the system
The developed system has been used by the departments in the emergency response to reorganize the emergency knowledge and create the knowledge map.
The departments can modify and make use of their knowledge according to their authorities.
Experimental Environment• Structure: C/S
• DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2000
• Language: Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0
Interface for Commander Center
Interface for Functional Departments
Fever Clinic CDC
Designated Hospital
Appear patient
Diagnose in fever clinic
Diagnose in fever clinic
Report to CDC and Health Bureau
Report to CDC and Health Bureau
Disinfect and Prevent
Disinfect and Prevent
Control epidemical source
Control epidemical source
Detectfever -patient
Detectfever -patient
Move to isolated area
Move to isolated area
Distinguishillness caused by breathe
Distinguishillness caused by breathe
Transport tofever clinic
Transport tofever clinic
Confirm the observed, suspected or diagnosed cases
Confirm the observed, suspected or diagnosed cases
Cure suspected cases
Cure suspected cases
CuredCured
ExcludeExclude
Confirm diagnosed casesConfirm
diagnosed cases
Transport to Designated hospital
Transport to Designated hospital
Psychological intervention
Psychological intervention
Relieve medical observe of the close contacts
Relieve medical observe of the close contacts
Cure diagnosed cases
Cure diagnosed cases
CuredCured
Confirm suspected case Confirm
suspected case
ExcludeExclude
DeathDeath
Relieve medical observe of the close contacts
Relieve medical observe of the close contacts
Epidemic control
Epidemic control
Prevent and control
Prevent and control
Appear suspected or diagnosed case
Public education
Public education
Inspect observed cases
Inspect observed cases
Confirm the close contacts
Confirm the close contacts
Confirm disease-affected regions
Confirm disease-affected regions
Medical observeMedical
observe
Disinfect in disease-affected regions Disinfect in disease-
affected regions
Appear patient
Exclude
Gather specimensGather
specimens
Psychological interventionPsychological
interventionEpidemiological survey for SARS cases
Epidemiological survey for SARS cases
Distribute
alert Distribute
alert
Inspect key crowd
Inspect key crowd
Health Bureau
General Clinic
Part of the Knowledge Map of SARS Commander Center
The Knowledge Map of SARS Functional Department (CDC)
The Node Dimension and the Relationship Dimension of the
Knowledge Map of CDC
Node Dimension
RelationshipDimension
Know-what
Know-when
The Content Dimension of the
Knowledge Map of CDC
Know-who
Know-how
Know-where
Know-where
7. Conclusions This paper presents a method of reorganizing the knowledge for
emergency responses.
Using this method, the file-documents can be transformed to the problem-documents which are integrated by the knowledge map.
The knowledge for solving a certain emergency problem can be extracted from the knowledge map directly.
It is possible for decision makers to make right decisions quickly when an emergency occurs.
The method of knowledge reorganization and the framework of emergency response can be extended to various kinds of emergencies.
