renewable energy sources for the development of local energy
TRANSCRIPT
Development of local energy supply with use of
renewable energy sources
Vladivostok, 2012
Delivered by:Engineer of Department of Alternative
Energy Sources and New TechnologiesJSC Sakha Energo
Dariya Eremeeva
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest region of the Russian Federation.The Republic includes 34 regions.Area of Yakutia is 3,1 million square km.
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Aldansky region
Electricity production 2,238
Population 3 700
Number of diesel PS 6
Oimyakonsky region
Electricity production 6,284
Population 2 675
Number of diesel PS 4
Anabarsky region
Electricity production 10,036
Population 3 000
Number of diesel PS 2
Abyisky region
Electricity production 10,889
Population 3 700
Number of diesel PS 7
Bulunsky region
Electricity production 29,765
Population 4 900
Number of diesel PS 9
Verhoyansky region
Electricity production 35,109
Population 7 800
Number of diesel PS 20
Zhigansky region
Electricity production 13,161
Population 3 300
Number of diesel PS 4
Verhnekolymsky region
Electricity production 23,825
Population 4 700
Number of diesel PS 5
Kobyaisky region
Electricity production 28,328
Population 12 200
Number of diesel PS 12
Momsky region
Electricity production 11,280
Population 3 700
Number of diesel PS 4
Nizhnekolymsky region
Electricity production 4,245
Population 3 900
Number of diesel PS 4
Olekminsky region
Electricity production 7,801
Population 21 600
Number of diesel PS 18
Oleneksky region
Electricity production 9,381
Population 3 200
Number of diesel PS 3
Srednekolymsky region
Electricity production 17,058
Population 5 300
Number of diesel PS 10
Allaihovsky region
Electricity production 10,988
Population 3 400
Number of diesel PS 5
Eveno-Bytantaisky region
Electricity production 4,777
Population 1 800
Number of diesel PS 3
Ust’-Yansky region
Electricity production 40,821
Population 9 000
Number of diesel PS 9
Arrangement of local systems of power supply of Sak ha EnergyTotal area – 2,2 million square km.Population – 97,8 thousandDiesel power stations – 125 pcs. (576 generators)Total power – 186,579 МWTEP – 1 pc. (7,5 МW; 76,4 Gcal/h)Wind turbine – 1 pc. (250 kW)PV plant – 2 pcs. (50 kW)Aerial lines – 1929 kmTransformer substations – 777 pcs.Electricity production – 266 million kWhHeat production – 125 000 Gcal.Fuel consumption:Diesel oil – 65 272 tonsCrude oil - 2 853 tonsCoal – 33 543 tonsGas – 2 495 thousand m3Employees on diesel stations – 1816 Cost of 1 kWh – 20,72 RUR (~ 0,67 USD).
Problems of local energy of Republic
Non-optimal structure of fuel balance, leading to s ignificant costs for diesel fuel – 47%
Seasonal nature of fuel delivery, short navigation terms, complex transport scheme with transfer from one kin d of
transport to another
The annual amount of credit (more than 2 billion ru bles) engaged for delivery of diesel fuel threatens the f inancial
stability of the company
High specific fuel consumption, unloads of equipmen t, wear of power transmission lines
The high level of losses in the distribution networ ks of low voltage (up to 25%), that combined with the high co st of
electricity resulting in significant financial loss es
Impossibility of technical modernization from the so urces formed from the local energy.
24,46 RUR/kWh
2012
(~ 0,79 USD)
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Diesel
fuel
90%
Oil
3%
Coal
4%
Gas
3%
Structure of fuel consumed by
JSC Sakha Energo for electricity
production
Fuel total
47%
Production
services
2%
Materials
6%
Wage
21%Travel
expenses
for staff on
leave
1%
Amortization
5%
Rental
1%
Other
expenses
2%
Contributions to
budget
8%
Expenses from
profit
7%
The electricity tariff structure of JSC Sakha Energo
5
The dynamics of the flow rate and fuel pricefor electricity production in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
2001-2016 years
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Wind energySolar energy
Solutions
Alternative energy
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Wind energy resources in Russia at the height of 10 meters
The total solar radiation on a horizontal surface (per year)
Northern coastal zone of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has significant wind potential.
According to the researches potential of solar radiation of Yakutia is estimated more than in the Crimea and Krasnodar, and is more than 2000 hours of sunshine a year.
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Wind turbine Tacke TW 250 in Tiksi
Economic efficiencyElectricity outcome for 2007-2012 – 328 044 kWhDiesel fuel economy for 2007-2012 – 83,64 tons
The operating costs for wind turbine (spare parts, travel expenses)
2008 – 130 432,21 rubles (4 245,98 USD)2009 – 263 691,16 rubles (8 583,98 USD)2010 – 594 352,88 rubles (19 348,05 USD)2011 – 350 362,43 rubles (11 405,40 USD)Total: 1 338,839 thousand rubles (43 583,41 USD)
1. Rated power – 250 kW2. Rated output voltage – 400 В3. Wind turbine RPM – 424. Degree of automation – 35. Wind turbine diameter – 26 m6. Tower height – 30 m7. Operating range of the wind speed – 3-25 m/s8. Date of commissioning – 25.09.2007 9. Project cost - 20,681 million rubles (673 230 USD), including 9,749 million rubles (317 360 USD) – share of Government of Republic of Sakha(Yakutia) (equipment)
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47,556
60,018
120,228
24,840
59,868
43,782
0,000
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Выработка электроэнергии ВЭУ-
250 кВт п. Тикси с 2007 г., кВт*ч
12,018
14,551
27,276
3,060
13,087
9,837
0,000
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Экономия дизельного топлива
ВЭУ-250 кВт с 2007 г.,
Electricity production and diesel fuel economy of T acke TW250for the period 2007 – 2012
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Advantages and disadvantages of wind turbine Tacke T W250
Advantages:1. Diesel fuel economy;2. No emissions of harmful substances into the
atmosphere;3. Automated, no need in staff on duty.
Disadvantages:1. Often fail due to wear and tear;2. The lack of remote control and monitoring;2.1 No data on the power output to the network, the wind
speed, the technical condition of the equipment at the diesel power plant;
2.2 Permanent need of inspection of wind turbines by car, as result - a waste of fuel and time;
3. Non-arctic version of the equipment.
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Conclusions, recommendations, requirements
1. The equipment must be new, arctic version;2. Without hydraulic braking system;3. Direct-drive model;4. With pitch control;5. Ability to work offgrid;6. Installation without the use of a crane (Method of downward arrow);7. Maximum unit power - 100kW-150kW;8. Remote management and monitoring of wind farm by operations staff of diesel power
station; 9. Choosing a place with regard to the nature of wind speed and direction;10. Training for the staff for the repair and maintenance of wind turbines.
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Solar power plant of 10kWin Batamai, Kobyaisky region
Main characteristics of solar module:The open circuit voltage_______________44,2VShort-circuit current___________________5,79АRated voltage_______________________36.1VRated current________________________5,4АPeak power 195WMaximum system voltage 1000WEfficiency 14,7%Climatic performance -60 to +60СDimensions 1580х808х35Weight 15,1kgType of solar panels–monocrystalline, one-sidedWarranty 3 yearsLifetime 25 years
Composition of the solar power plant:• Solar modules JRM-195 (China) 52 pcs. – 10 140 W• 3-phase on-grid power inverter 1 pc. of 10 kW• Auxiliary equipment and materials
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14
1233
1022
307141 23 82
550
1217
1409 1439 1414
891
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
August September October November December January February March April May June July
Electricity output of Batamai solar power plant for period of
01.08.2011-31.07.2012, kWh
Solar power plant 30kWin Batamai, Kobyaisky region
Purpose: Solar power plant is designed to produce environmental-friendly electricity and for economy of diesel fuel
Lifetime: Solar modules – 25 years
Cost: 3 066 802,05 RUB (99 834 USD)• Solar modules – 1 688 726,58 RUB (54 973
USD)• Invertors – 508 319,60 RUB (16 547 USD)• Other equipment – 529 464,38 RUB
(17 236 USD)• Other expenses – 340 291,49 (11 078 USD)
Population of Batamai – 233
Type of loads: winter – 65/15 kW;summer – 38/3 kW.
Date of commissioning: 01.08.2012Composition of the solar power plant:• Solar modules JRM-195 (China) 52 pcs. - 10140 W• Solar modules FSM-230 (Russia) 73 pcs. – 16790 W• Solar modules FSM-250 (Russia) 13 pcs. – 3250 W• 3-phase on-grid power inverter 3 pcs. 10 kW each• Auxiliary equipment and materials
Economical effect from solar power plant of 30kW
Calculation of a payback period
Expected annual electricity production 30 000 kWhDiesel fuel economy 10,344 tone s
Calculations
Diesel fuel economy: 10,344 tones х 34,44 thous.rubles/ton (1 121 USD/ton) = 356,247 thous.rubles (11 597 USD)
Capital investments: 3 066,802 thous.rubles (99 834 USD)
Calculation of a payback period: 3 066,802 thous.ru bles (99 834 USD)/356,247 thous.rubles (11 597 USD) = 8,6 years
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Purpose: Solar power plant is designed to produce environmental-friendly electricity and for economy of diesel fuel
Lifetime: Solar modules – 25 years
Cost: 1 718 375,02 RUB ( USD)• Solar modules – 944 957,87 RUB ( USD)• Invertors – 322 000,00 RUB ( USD)• Other equipment – 379 417,15 RUB
( USD)• Other expenses – 72 000,00 ( USD)
Geographic coordinates of Yuchugei:Latitude 63°17'60'' Longitude 142°10'00''
Population – 317
Loads max and min: 120 kW / 10 kW
Date of commissioning: 07.06.2012
Composition of the solar power plant:• Solar panels FSM-230 (Russia) 87 pcs. – 20 010 W• 3-phase on-grid power inverter SMA (Germany) 1 pc. 10 kW • Auxiliary equipment and materials
Solar power plant of 20 kWin Yuchugei, Oimyakonsky region
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Advantages and disadvantages of solar power plantAdvantages:
• compactness of the equipment; • simplicity and ease of installation and use; • lifetime of up to 25 years; • absence of rotating and moving parts, which eliminates wear; • minimum cost of operation and low cost, i.e. lack of fuel consumption, continuous maintenance,
low depreciation, etc. • modularity, i.e. it is possible to increase or decrease the power of PV plant by changing the
number of panels and inverters; • adaptability, autonomy and the ability to be connected to the network; • wide operating temperature range: for power electronics from -20 ˚ C to +50 ˚ C, for panels from -
40 ˚ C to +50 ˚ C; • remote monitoring and control; • no harmful emissions.
Disadvantages:
• high cost of equipment; • relatively low efficiency (12-18% for solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon); • unstable existence of the solar radiation (night, clouds, smoke, fog, etc.); • seasonality of PV plant: from early November to mid-January sun exposure is greatly reduced; • need for tracking the sun.
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Sakhaenergo developed subprogram "Development of renewable energy sources and alternative fuels, energy efficiency and innovation projects" included in the state program of Sakha (Yakutia) "Energy conservation and energy efficiency in the years 2012-2016 and for the period up to 2020" by the decree of the President of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) № 1464 of 8 June 2012. Sub-program includes plans to build 5 wind farms, 51 solar power plants and 3 small hydropower plants of seasonal type.
Program for alternative renewable energy sources in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
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Thank you for attention !
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