renewable energy solutions in caribbean hotels
TRANSCRIPT
Page 1
Renewable Energy Solutions in
Caribbean Hotels
Loreto Duffy-Mayers
CHENACT
IRENA Martinique
Page 2
Objective of CHENACT
Caribbean Hotel Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Action
To improve the competitiveness of small and medium sized hotels (<400 rooms)
in the Caribbean Region through improved use of energy with the
emphasis on Renewable Energy and Micro-Generation
The beneficiaries are CHTA member hotels
Page 3
Overview of the Caribbean Hotel Sector
2,269 hotels in 25 countries/territories comprising 241,000 guestrooms
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
# o
f H
ote
ls
# o
f R
oo
ms
# of Rooms
# of Hotels
Page 4
Hotel Sector Electricity Cost Share of GDP in the Caribbean
0.05%
0.31%
0.1% 0.1% 0.2%
0.5%
0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 1.0%1.2% 1.2% 1.2%
1.4%
1.7%
2.3%2.4%
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
Ho
tel S
ect
or
Ele
ctri
city
Co
st a
s %
of
GD
P
Hotel expenditures on electricity can represent more than 2% of total
national GDP in smaller countries.
Page 5
Caribbean is an attractive market for a number of EE/RE
measures
Equipment Electricity
Saving (GWh) Cost Saved
(US$ - Million) Investment
(US$ - Million) Payback Period
Air Conditioning
432
134
220
1.6
Lighting
106
31
21
0.7
Controls
97
31
49
1.6
Solar Hot Water
60
10
10
1.0
Window Film
45
12
22
1.9
Solar PV
45
13
46
3.6
Pool Pumps
25
7
4
0.6
Water pumps
10
3
1
0.5
Exhaust Fan
4
1
2
1.4
Total
824 241 375
1.6
Assumes US$0.40 per kWh electricity tariff.
Page 6
Summary of Energy Saving opportunities in 96 room all-inclusive hotel
Based on the detailed energy audit the hotel could invest US$411,452 in
selected energy savings opportunities. The investment is estimated to yield
US$148,068 in annual energy savings, with a combined payback period of
2.78 years. The combined savings would result in a 31% reduction in total
energy use and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions.
Recommended Projects
Investment Cost
(US$)
Annual Savings
(US$)
Payback Period
(Years)
kWh Saved CO2 Emissions
Pumps $4,661 $7,770 0.6 35,125 26.34
Controls $63,376 $20,168 3.14 76,701 57.53
VRV and Tint $226,977 $70,414 3.22 239,587 179.69
Retrofit indoor Lights $21,467 $27,314 0.79 123,473 92.6
Retrofit outdoor lights & PV system $94,971 $22,403 4.24 101,272 75.95
Total $411,452 $148,068 2.78 576,158 432.12
Page 7
Barriers to Implementation of RE Technologies in Hotels in The
Caribbean
Non- Homogeneous Region
Inability to purchase in bulk dues to wide
ranging shipping costs, taxation etc
Regulatory frameworks, RE Riders in various countries differ
significantly
Grid Quality. Grid ownership etc
Hotels always have something “more
important to spend money on!!
Page 8
Solutions : Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)
• Shared savings contract - ESCO guarantees the cost of energy saved; the
cost savings are split for a pre-determined length of time in accordance with a
pre-arranged percentage. ESCO assumes the credit and performance risk.
• Guaranteed savings contract - ESCO guarantees a certain level of energy
savings; the performance guarantee is the level of energy saved. The client
assumes the credit risk, while the ESCO assumes the risk for the savings.
• Power Purchase Agreement – a contract between the power/energy
producer and the consumer, and single cost for customer based on an easy to
meter output, e.g., kilowatt hour or kWh. PPA provider would secure funding
for the project, maintain and monitor the energy production.
• Lease (or lease-purchase) agreement - the consumer agrees to make a
fixed payment to the ESCO for a fixed term. In addition to designing,
operating, and maintaining the improvements, the ESCO guarantees that
energy and maintenance savings from the project will exceed the payments to
the ESCO. The net effect is similar to that under a shared savings agreement.
Four different contract types are used with ESCOs:
Page 9
Adopting Performance Contracting Principals in Caribbean Hotel Sector
Prospects for ESCOs,- Elements of performance based service which can be
introduced:
• Encourage the bundling of energy services including EE and RE, moving
toward turnkey projects, e.g., studies, engineering design, procurement,
installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance, and performance
monitoring.
• Compile and disseminate information on EE and RE equipment performance
in hotel applications and analyze expected vs. actual performance.
• Develop standardized “baseline” calculation methodologies to reflect historical
energy consumption and variations in occupancy (also relevant for CDM)
• Develop standardize contracts for energy performance contracts for hotel
applications
• Provide government guarantees for investments in selected equipment
retrofits/replacements.
• Encourage electric utilities to set up unregulated affiliates to offer performance
based services to their customers, including EE and RE systems.
Page 10
Hotel Energy Efficiency CDM Program of Activities
Recommended technologies and services be included in the Hotel CDM PoA:
• Air conditioning retrofit - inverter type variable refrigerant volume mini-splits
• Guestroom energy controls – occupancy sensors, programmable thermostats
• Public area lighting controls – occupancy sensors
• Individual lamp replacement – compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and Light Emitting
Diode (LED) lamps
• Fluorescent tube lamps – T8 tube lamps with electronic ballasts and LEDs
• Solar hot water (SHW) heating systems
• Small RE systems, i.e. PV, wind etc
• Energy efficient freezers, refrigerators, cool rooms
• Guest room energy efficient mini-fridges, televisions
• Office and guestroom equipment – televisions, computer monitors
• Timers on pumps and motors
• Photo-sensors and timers for outdoor lighting
• Energy Management Systems
AMS-II Energy Efficiency and Fuel Switching for Buildings methodology
allows for a combination of energy efficiency technologies, including SHW
Page 11
Annual CO2e Emissions Reduction – Caribbean Region Hotel
Sector
884 thousand tons CO2e emissions can be avoided annually through EE actions
0.8
2.1
2.2
3.3
3.9
5.4
5.8
6.0
7.8
9.9
14
.6
14
.5
15
.5
16
.2
18
.5
19
.1
19
.9
23
.8
36
.2
36
.2
51
.0
53
.5
96
.3
17
0.3
25
1.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
An
nu
al
CO
2 E
mis
sio
ns
Red
uc
tio
n -
in
1,0
00
to
ns
Page 12
Diesel/Heavy Fuel Oil Saved
Annually 267,970 kiloliters Diesel/HFO can be saved as a result of EE and RE
improvements in hotels across the Caribbean region
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Die
se
l F
ue
l S
ave
d i
n 1
,10
0 L
ite
rs (
is t
his
co
rre
ct,
or
1,0
00
??
)