rené descatres

7/25/2019 Ren Descatres

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RenDescatres

The Father of ModernPhilosophy


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French philosopher

Mathematician

Writer of the Ageof Reason

"Father of Modern

Philosophy"


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I think, thereforeI am"

"Cogito, ergo sum"


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Rationalist

-Reliance on reason asthe best guide for beliefand action.


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Born: March 31,1!". #a $aye%&outh of Tours'

(ied: 1")

Autobiography of Ren Descatres


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1)) years after *hristopher *olu+bus

discoered +erica. %1!/'


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) years after the publication of Derevolutionibus Orbium Celestium by

icolaus *opernicus %13'


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MA!MA#$% WA% !&' (

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D%$AR%/ W(R&%

Rules for the Direction of theMind

Meditations on FirstPhilosophy 012314

Principles of Philosophy

012334 Discourse on the Method


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he 5uest for $ertainty

PR(6,M (F#*,,+A,

$RA#*'


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lthough, he had been educated, ashe says, 2at one of the +ost

celebrated schools in urope,4 yet hefound hi+self e+barrassed 5ith2+any doubts and errors.4

-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre andBeyond: A History of Philosophy. Page /)


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2its 6reealed truths7 5ere 8uiteaboe hu+an intelligence.4

-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre andBeyond: A History of Philosophy. Page /)


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2o single thing is to be found in it5hich is not sub9ect of dispute, and

in conse8uence 5hich is notdubious.4-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre andBeyond: A History of Philosophy. Page /)


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(escartes decided, 2To belieenothing too certainly of 5hich had only been coninced bye;a+ple and custo+.4


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*o7ember 189 121:

; dreams


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st et non

!uod itaesecta#or iter$

%es and&o

It is or isnot

'hat roadin life

shall Ifollo($


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#*RPRA#(* Dictionary- &tood for all sciences

Anthology of the poems- 5asphilosophy and 5isdo+

he poem beginning st et &on-

The 6yes and no7 of Pythagoras,represented the truth and falsity inthe sciences

he ode of !uod itae secta#oriter$- spo


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2(escartes 5as deter+ined to discoer thebasis of intellectual certainty in his o5nreason.4

-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre andBeyond: A History of Philosophy. Page /)"


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$& >?#@&yste+ of thought 5hose arious principles5ere not only true but connected in such aclear 5ay that 5e could +oe easily fro+

one true principle to another.

-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre and Beyond: AHistory of Philosophy. Page /)"


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2*onfor+ to a rationalsche+e.4


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2(irect our reason in order to discoerthese truths of 5hich 5e are ignorant.

&o, his Arst tas< 5as to 5or< out his2rational sche+e4- his method.

-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre and

Beyond: A History of Philosophy. Page /)"


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TT? and((*T?


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MA!MA#$%

best e;a+ple of clear and precisethin


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certain routes to


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TT?- gies us foundationalconceptsC it gies us clear notions butalso so+e truths about reality. ;. 2I

think, that I exist.F?RM#: DB and*, Then D*

Ee grasp a si+ple truth co+pletely

and i++ediately.


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((*T?- dra5s +ore infor+ationfro+ our intuitions. (escartesdescribes it, 2ll necessary inference

fro+ the facts that are


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R+!


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#?>&M


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&yllogis+- noles therelationship of concepts to each

other. (eduction- noles therelationship of truthsto each

other.


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*onclusions 5ere dra5nsyllogistically fro+ pre+ises

that 5ere either untrue orbased only on authority.


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his is the


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Ee +ust begin 5ith a%#MP,and A6%(,+,'

$,AR R+!and +ust+oe step by step 5ithout

losing $,AR#'and$RA#*'along the 5ay.


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>1 R+,%

R#& F?R T$(R*T? ?F T$ M(


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WA? AR)+M*


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2othing but +y understanding

alone 5hich does conceie itCsolely an inspection by the +ind.4

-Rene (escartes


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M!(D#$ D(+6

0Discourse on the method4

he no5 tries to doubteerything.


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AWA& (R A%,P@


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2 hae learned that +y sensesso+eti+es +islead +e.4 But surely

arith+etic, geo+etry, or sciences thatdeal 5ith things +ust contain so+ecertainty, for 25hether a+ a5a


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I think, thereforeI am"

"Cogito, ergo sum"


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2=e pense donc =e

sui4


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2$o5 can one


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+ay doubt that +y body e;ists orthat a+ a5a


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The act of thin


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2Ehat is re8uired in a proposition for itto be true and certain@4

Ehat is there about the proposition 2thin


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$e ca+e to the conclusion that +ightassu+e as general rule that the things

5hich 5e conceie clearly anddistinctly are all true


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$e ca+e to the conclusion that +ightassu+e as general rule that the things

5hich 5e conceie clearly anddistinctly are all true


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T$ ( ?F >?(


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(escartes holds that:

1. deas hae causes

/. The cause +ust hae at least as+uch reality as the eect.

3. $e is inAnite and i+perfect.

Therefore, he concluded, that his ideaof a perfect being and inAnite being

co+es fro+ outside hi+selfNfro+ aperfect Being 5ho e;ists, fro+ >od.


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2That so+e of our ideas are soclear and distinct, that 5e

i++ediately perceie5hat theyi+ply.4

-&a+uel noch &tu+pf, Socrates to Sartre and Beyond: AHistory of Philosophy. Page /1/


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>?(PRF*T

B>


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$?E B?T T$?T$R P$&*#

T$>&@


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66OT((&B&T* 77


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>?( P$&*#

T$>&


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>?( P$&*#

T$>&self


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he relationship of

the Mind and 6ody


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(ualis+- The notion

that there are t5odierent


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&ubstance %by its

attribute'- Thought e;tension.

&o, there +ust be t5odierent substances:

1. The &piritual/. The physical %+ind

body'


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66n e;istent thing 5hichre8uires nothing but itself

to e;ist.4$e consider each

substance as thoroughly(P(T T? ?

?T$R


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(escartes belieed therational +ind 5as in the

control of the body, butthat the body could

inQuence the +ind to actirrationally such as 5hen

one perfor+s an act of D%$AR%/ #,,+%RA#(* (F


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D%$AR%/ #,,+%RA#(* (FD+A,#%M

rené descatres

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