rendering methods
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Introduction Features
Techniques
Rendering Equation Conclusion
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Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of a
software program.
The results of such a model can be called a rendering.
The model is a description of three dimensional objects in a strictly definedlanguage or data structure. It would contain geometry, viewpoint, texture and
lighting information. The image is a digital image or raster graphics image.
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A rendered image can be understood in terms of a number of visible features.
shadinghow the color and brightness of a surface varies with lighting
texture-mappinga method of applying detail to surfaces
fogging/participating mediumhow light dims when passing through non-clear
atmosphere or air
shadowsthe effect of obstructing light
soft shadowsvarying darkness caused by partially obscured light sources
reflectionmirror-like or highly glossy reflection
transparencysharp transmission of light through solid objects
translucencyhighly scattered transmission of light through solid objects
refractionbending of light associated with transparency
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indirect illuminationsurfaces illuminated by light reflected off other surfaces,
rather than directly from a light source (also known as global illumination)
caustics (a form of indirect illumination) reflection of light off a shiny object,
or focusing of light through a transparent object, to produce bright highlights on
another object
depth of fieldobjects appear blurry or out of focus when too far in front of or
behind the object in focus
motion blurobjects appear blurry due to high-speed motion, or the motion of
the camera
non-photorealistic renderingrendering of scenes in an artistic style, intended
to look like a painting or drawing.
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1. Scanline and Rasterization rendering- geometrically projects objects in the
scene to an image plane, without advanced optical effects;
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Ray Casting- considers the scene as observed from a specific point-of-
view, calculating the observed image based only on geometry and very
basic optical laws of reflection intensity, and perhaps using Monte Carlo
techniques to reduce artifacts.
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Ray Tracing-is similar to ray casting, but employs more
advanced optical simulation, and usually uses Monte Carlo
techniques to obtain more realistic results at a speed that isoften orders of magnitude slower.
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It serves as the most abstract formal expression of the non-perceptual aspect of
rendering. All more complete algorithms can be seen as solutions to particular
formulations of this equation.
At a particular position and direction, the outgoing light (Lo) is the sum of the
emitted light (Le) and the reflected light. The reflected light being the sum of the
incoming light (Li) from all directions, multiplied by the surface reflection and
incoming angle. By connecting outward light to inward light, via an interaction
point, this equation stands for the whole 'light transport' all the movement of
lightin a scene.
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Rendering Equation
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