RENAL FAILUREBy: Muhammad Halmii

FB: Muhammad Helmi

WhatsApp:0163626470

Twitter:@ChaldeaPrince

• DEFINE

• CAUSE (Etiology)

• RISK FACTORS

• DIAGNOSIS

• TYPES

• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• EFFECT & COMPLICATIONS

• CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS (SIGNS & SYMPTOMS)

DEFINE

‘First manifestation of kidney failure is that they cannot concentrate urine’ – Prof.Khatiza {Countercurrent Lecture}

ETIOLOGY

ETIOLOGY (PRE-RENAL)

• Shunting of blood from kidney

• Dehydration

Hypovolemia

ETIOLOGY (RENAL)

• Kidney injury resulting in necrosis of the

{glomeruli/tubules ← f(x) unit of the kidney}

• Transplant rejection

• Toxin/Poison

• Decompensated ischemia

Assault to the renal parenchyma

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ETIOLOGY (POST-RENAL)

• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

• Tumor

• Calculus

Obstruction which may cause

Hydronephrosis

MORPHOLOGY (GROSS)

MORPHOLOGY (MICROSCOPY)

EFFECTS & COMPLICATIONS

CLINICAL SEQUELE

Markedly Seen In Chronic Renal Failure Rather Than Acute