renaissance in france.pdf

7/21/2019 RENAISSANCE IN FRANCE.pdf

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EARLY PERIOD (1494-1589) or 16th century.The special character of this transitional period lies in the combination ofGothic

and Renaissance features to form a picturesque ensemble, while in Italy, a ,return toclassic forms took place, In France there was a period of transition, during whichRenaissance details were grafted on to such Gothic features as flying buttresses andpinnacles.

CLASSICAL PERIOD (1589-1715) or 17th century.The period is notable for the dignity, sobriety and masculine quality of its

foremost buildings, resulting from the subordination of plan, composition anddetail of the unity of the whole, and the charity and simplicity with which theelements were used. Ornament, though somewhat coarse, is vigorous andreasonably restrained.

LATE PERIOD 18th century. (RococoStyle)Architecturally, three stylistic phases may be distinguished.

1. sovereign Louis XV

2. sovereign Louis XVI

3. Empire - 1790-1830

ROCOCO- a type of Renaissance ornament in which

rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells

are worked up together in a profusion and confusion of

detail often without organic coherence, but presentinga lavish display of decoration.


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The Renaissance in France

French Renaissance architectureis the style of architecture whichwas imported to France from Italy during the early 16th century and

developed in the light of local architectural traditions.During the early years of the 16th century the French were involved inwars in northern Italy, bringing back to France not just the Renaissance arttreasures as their war booty, but also stylistic ideas. In the Loire Valley awave of building was carried and many Renaissance chateaux appeared at

this time, the earliest example being the Chteau d'Amboise.


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history

ofar

chitecture

FRANCE

COUNTRY HOUSES

Country houses took the place of fortified castles

Some examples:

Chateau de Justice, Rouen

Chateau d'O, Mortree

Chateau de Josselin

Chateau de Blois

Chateau d'Azay-Rideau

Chateau de Chenonceaux

Chateau de Chambord

Designed by an Italian, Domenico da Cortona

Semi-fortified palace, most famous in Loire district

Chateau de Maisons

One of the most harmonious of all chateaux

Designed by Francois Mansart on a symmetrical E-plan

Palaise du Louvre, Paris

Built from Francis I to Napoleon III

Together with Tuilleries, 45 acres constituting one of the

most imposing palaces in Europe

Renaissance

PRE-HISTORIC

NEAR EAST

EGYPTIAN

GREEK

ROMAN

EARLY CHRISTIAN

BYZANTINE

ROMANESQUE

GOTHIC

RENAISSANCE

18TH-19TH C REVIVAL

20TH C MODERN

ISLAMIC

INDIAN

CHINESE & JAPANESE

FILIPINO


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history

ofar

chitecture

Petit Trianon, Versailles

Designed by JA Gabriel for Louis XV

One of most superb pieces of domestic architecture of

the century

CHURCHES

Church of the Val de Grace, Paris

Projecting portal by Francois Mansart, dome by

Lemercier

St. Gervais, Paris

earliest wholly-classical church facade

by Salomon de Brosse

St. Etienne du Mont, Paris

Renaissance

PRE-HISTORIC

NEAR EAST

EGYPTIAN

GREEK

ROMAN

EARLY CHRISTIAN

BYZANTINE

ROMANESQUE

GOTHIC

RENAISSANCE

18TH-19TH C REVIVAL

20TH C MODERN

ISLAMIC

INDIAN

CHINESE & JAPANESE

FILIPINO


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FRENCH RENAISSANCE

CHATEAU DE BLOISby Louis XII, completed by Francois Mansart


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The Chateaux de Chambord

By Domenico de Cortona.

In contrast to this town-based chateau, the Chateaux de Chambord (1519-47) was built in the

countryside in the style of a fortified castle within a bailey or outer wall, thus neatly overlaying

Renaissance symmetry and detailing on a fundamentally medieval building type.


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The Place des Vosges, Paris, 1605


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Originally known as the Place Royale,the Place des Vosges was built byHenri IV from 1605 to 1612. Atrue square (140 m x 140 m), it

embodied the first Europeanprogram of royal city planningand is the oldest planned squarein Paris.

What was new about the Place Royalein 1612 was that the housefrontswere all built to the same design,probably by Baptiste du Cerceau,

of red brick with strips of stone

quoins over vaulted arcades thatstand on square pillars. Thesteeply-pitched blue slate roofsare pierced with discreet small-paned dormers above thepedimented dormers that stand

upon the cornices.


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FRENCH RENAISSANCE

PALAIS DE FOUNTAINEBLEAU

Gilles Le Breton


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CHURCH OF THE VAL DE GRACE,

Paris

Franois Mansart

(13 January 1598 - 23 September 1666)

French architect

CHATEAU DE MAISONS


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The Royal Palace at Versailles

Architecture and Art in the Service of

Absolute Power


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FRENCH RENAISSANCE

PALAIS DE VERSAILLES


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Description

Versailles, France

Northern France

10 miles from Paris

2,014 acres

Served as French

royaltys estate Served as national

government center

Currently a museum


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ARCHITECTS OF THE VERSAILLES

Louis Le Vau(1612

11October 1670)

French architect

Andr Le Ntre(12 March 161315

September 1700)

French landscape

architect

Ange-Jacques Gabriel(23 October 16984

January 1782)

French architect.

He designed the Petit

Trianon and L'Opra Royal

de Versailles (Royal Operaof Versailles)


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First stage of the enlargement of the

hunting lodge of Louis XIII (built in 1624)into the Palace at Versailles under Louis

XIV (1668-9) by Louis LeVau; the black

portions of the plan represent this stage.


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History

Represents absolutismand affluent royal

Built as hunting lodge

(1631-1634) for Louis

XIII

Louis XIV (right)

renovated (1661-1710) it

into the lavish estatethat it is today

UNESCO World heritage

site


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Some facts and information about Versailles

Louis XIV proclaimed Versailles to be the seat of the government on

May 6, 1682. In effect, the entire bureaucracy moved from Paris to the

suburban villa of the king.The court consisted of 20,000persons that included 9,000soldiers,

5,000servants, 1,000great lords and members of the nobility, 1,000

lesser aristocrats (who visited the court on a daily basis) and 4-5,000

bureaucrats to manage the official business.The court was further supported by 2,500 horses, 200 coaches, and

5,000 hunting dogs.

The great lords and members of the nobility were required to live at

Versailles--in the palace--so that the king could keep track of them.

They were required to wear entirely new clothing (down to their

linens) for the kings fetes and other important social occasions. They

could beg permission to return to their lands periodically in order to

regroup financially!


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Breakdown

Grand Apartments

Queens apartments

Kings apartments

Hall of Mirrors

Chapels

LOpera

Museum

Gardens

Grand Canal

Walks

Additions


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Chambers


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Chambers Continued


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Hall of Mirrors

La Galerie des Glaces

Most famous room

Created after the Dutch War in

1678

Louis XIV

Location of the signing of theTreaty of Versailles, which

ended WWI


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Hall of Mirrors Structure

17 arcaded mirrors

Large windows

73 meters long, 10.5

meters wide

Decorated with

chandeliers,

thousands of candles,paintings, sculptures

and bronze


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La Salon de Guerre (Salon of War) was

the prelude to the Hall of Mirrors. The

relief portrait by Coysevox is based on


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The Hall of Mirrors: the axis between war and peace crosses

the axis of absolute power.


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The Ambassadors Staircase


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The queens apartments


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The bedroom of Louis XIV,

site of the rituals called Le

Grand Lever and Le Grand

Coucher.


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Gardens

230 acres

Begun by Louis XIV in 1661

40 years construction

Includes Grand Canal

50 fountains, 200,000 trees,

210,000 flowers annually


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Fountains


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The garden faade seen from the Tapis vert (green carpet) of

the Versailles Park

The palace situated


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The palace situated

between the village of

Versailles and the park

with grand avenues

radiating from theCourt of Honor

The garden in detail reflects the

geometry of the plan at the urban

and regional scale.

The principal approach

connected with the Champs

Elysees in Paris.


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Naval battles were

staged on the lagoon to

the west of the sloping

grass terrace

The fountains withthe main e-w axis in

view.


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The site

C t f H


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Court of Honor

Garden Faade in

the scheme of 1669

by Louis LeVau


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The Mansart expansion

of Versailles brought

the total length of thegarden faade to about

one-third of a mile.

Main pavilion

with south

wing, viewed

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